EP4143401A1 - Schnellverbindungssystem zur lösbaren halterung von schalhaut und schalungsträger - Google Patents
Schnellverbindungssystem zur lösbaren halterung von schalhaut und schalungsträgerInfo
- Publication number
- EP4143401A1 EP4143401A1 EP21722401.3A EP21722401A EP4143401A1 EP 4143401 A1 EP4143401 A1 EP 4143401A1 EP 21722401 A EP21722401 A EP 21722401A EP 4143401 A1 EP4143401 A1 EP 4143401A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- formwork
- facing
- carrier
- skin
- area
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G9/00—Forming or shuttering elements for general use
- E04G9/02—Forming boards or similar elements
- E04G9/04—Forming boards or similar elements the form surface being of wood
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B7/00—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels
- B28B7/0002—Auxiliary parts or elements of the mould
- B28B7/0014—Fastening means for mould parts, e.g. for attaching mould walls on mould tables; Mould clamps
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G17/00—Connecting or other auxiliary members for forms, falsework structures, or shutterings
- E04G17/02—Connecting or fastening means for non-metallic forming or stiffening elements
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G9/00—Forming or shuttering elements for general use
- E04G9/02—Forming boards or similar elements
- E04G9/05—Forming boards or similar elements the form surface being of plastics
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G9/00—Forming or shuttering elements for general use
- E04G9/02—Forming boards or similar elements
- E04G9/06—Forming boards or similar elements the form surface being of metal
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G11/00—Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs
- E04G11/06—Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs for walls, e.g. curved end panels for wall shutterings; filler elements for wall shutterings; shutterings for vertical ducts
- E04G11/08—Forms, which are completely dismantled after setting of the concrete and re-built for next pouring
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G9/00—Forming or shuttering elements for general use
- E04G9/02—Forming boards or similar elements
- E04G2009/028—Forming boards or similar elements with reinforcing ribs on the underside
Definitions
- the invention relates to a formwork element for a formwork for a part of a building, comprising at least one formwork carrier and at least one formwork skin, at least one connector being arranged between the formwork carrier and the formwork skin.
- the connector comprises at least one carrier element which is fastened on or in the formwork support, and at least one formwork skin element which is fastened in or on the formwork skin.
- the carrier element and the formwork skin element can be reversibly connected to one another and form the connector, as a result of which the formwork skin is designed to be reversibly connectable to the formwork carrier.
- the invention further relates to the use of a connector for the detachable connection of a formwork support to a formwork facing and a method for connecting a formwork facing to a formwork support of a formwork element.
- the invention finally relates to a method for separating a formwork facing from a formwork support of a formwork element.
- a formwork When separating the formwork from the hardened concrete material, damage to the formwork skin often occurs.
- the formlining elements therefore have to be renewed or replaced every now and then.
- the formlining itself is usually not designed to take the load of the concrete material on its own.
- a formwork usually also includes a formwork support, which absorbs and dissipates the loads and forces that occur when the liquid concrete material is poured in.
- the formwork facing carrier and formwork facing have to be connected to one another and separated from one another again.
- a known procedure for connecting the formlining to the formwork support is to connect the two elements with rivets. These rivets are inserted during the connection and destroyed when the formlining and formwork girders are later separated. This procedure is therefore complex and causes wear both on the formlining and on the formwork support. Furthermore, the places where rivets are inserted into the sound skin can be seen later on the part of the building that has been erected. If the quality requirements for the surface of the building part to be erected are high, the rivet marks that arise are bothersome and undesirable.
- a formwork panel for concreting formwork in which both the formwork support and the formwork skin are made of plastic.
- the two elements are connected using clip connections.
- the disadvantage of the solution described is that for the separation of the two elements either each individual clip connection has to be separated from one another again with a tool or the clip connections are destroyed when they are separated.
- the disclosed formwork panel a great deal of effort arises for the separation, or the sound skin can only be used once, which leads to a large amount of plastic waste and creates expense for the provision of new formwork skins.
- the object of the invention is therefore to propose solutions which allow the sound skin and circuit carrier to be connected and disconnected easily, with both the formwork skin and the formwork carrier to be used several times.
- a formwork element for a formwork for a part of a building comprising
- At least one connector is arranged between the formwork carrier and the formwork skin and the connector comprises at least one carrier element which is fastened on or in the formwork carrier and at least one formwork skin element which is fastened in or on the formwork skin; and the carrier element and the formwork skin element can be reversibly connected to one another and form the connector, as a result of which the formwork skin is designed to be reversibly connectable to the formwork carrier.
- the reversible connection between the carrier element and the formlining element can be separated by applying a force in the normal direction to the formwork facing away from the formwork support, which is greater than a limit separation force and can be connected by applying a force in the normal direction to the formwork facing towards the formwork support, which is greater than a limit connection force .
- the formwork skin element has a formwork skin attachment area which is connected to the formwork skin and the connection between the formwork skin element and the formwork skin is detachable.
- a formlining adapter is arranged between the formwork facing element and the formwork facing, the formwork facing adapter being a component which facilitates the detachment and connection of the formwork facing element from / to the formwork facing and the formwork facing adapter remains on or in the formwork facing when the formwork facing element is replaced.
- a formwork element according to the invention achieves the object of the invention in that a connector, which is reversibly connectable and separable, is arranged between a formwork support and a formwork skin.
- the formwork facing and the formwork support can thus be connected to one another several times and separated from one another again.
- reversible is understood to mean that the connector is not destroyed when it is connected and disconnected.
- the connector is therefore essentially non-destructive.
- a formwork element according to the invention is designed in such a way that it can withstand at least 20 connection and separation processes between the formwork facing and the formwork support without any significant loss of quality. Reversible thus means that a connection with one and the same connector is possible several times in succession and the connector retains its functionality for connecting the formlining and the formwork support.
- the at least one connector of a formwork element according to the invention comprises two sub-areas: a carrier element is part of the connector and is attached to or in the formwork carrier.
- the counterpart to the carrier element is a Formwork skin element, which is also part of the connector.
- the formwork skin element is attached to or in the formwork skin.
- An attachment to the formwork support or the formwork facing is to be understood as meaning that the corresponding element protrudes at least partially beyond the formwork support or the formwork facing.
- An attachment in the formwork support or in the formwork facing is to be understood as meaning that the corresponding element is arranged within the formwork facing or formwork support and does not protrude beyond it. Due to the at least one connector, which enables a reversible connection and separation of its two counterparts, the carrier element and the formwork element, the connection of the formwork to the formwork carrier is also reversible. Usually more than one connector is arranged between the formlining and the formwork support.
- a stable connection between the formlining and the formwork support is advantageously achieved by providing a plurality of connectors which are attached to different locations of the formwork facing and the formwork support.
- the connector that is the connection between the carrier element and the formwork skin element, can be separated by applying a normal force to the formwork skin, which is directed away from the formwork carrier.
- the formlining has a concrete side which, in the state connected to the formwork carrier, is directed away from the formwork carrier and comes into contact with the concrete material when a part of the building is being constructed.
- Normal force or a force in the normal direction to the formlining is to be understood as a force which is oriented at right angles to the surface of the concrete side.
- the connector can be separated by applying a tensile force to the formwork facing away from the formwork support.
- the applied normal force must be greater than a limit separation force. If the normal force applied is less than this limit separating force, the carrier element cannot be detached from the formlining element and the connector remains connected.
- the limit separation force is selected so that it is small enough to be able to separate the formlining from the formwork support, for example by one or two people. At the same time, the limit separation force is selected so that the formlining does not inadvertently detach from the formwork support.
- the limit separation force is thus chosen so that normal forces on the formlining that arise when a part of the building is being constructed are absorbed by the connector without it separating.
- the carrier element separated from the formwork skin element can, in particular, by applying a normal force to the formwork skin in the direction of the concrete side of the formwork facing, are connected to the carrier element.
- the normal force applied in order to establish the connection between the formwork skin element and the carrier element, the normal force applied must be greater than a limit connection force. If the normal force applied is less than this limit connection force, there is no connection between the formwork skin element and the carrier element.
- a compressive force is applied to the formwork facing at right angles to its surface facing the concrete material.
- the limit separating force and the limit connecting force can be selected to be the same or different.
- at least a part of the connector is designed to be detachable from the formwork skin or from the formwork support.
- the formwork facing element can have a formwork facing area that is connected directly or indirectly to the formwork facing. This connection is designed to be detachable. This means that the formlining element can be separated from the formwork facing without being destroyed.
- the formwork skin element can thus be exchanged in a simple manner if wear has occurred after a certain number of connection cycles with the carrier element.
- the carrier element can have a carrier attachment area which is connected to the formwork carrier.
- connection between the carrier attachment area and the formwork carrier is also designed to be detachable, so that the carrier element can be easily removed from the formwork carrier and replaced by another carrier element.
- the carrier element can be made detachable from the formwork support or both the formwork skin element can be detachable from the formwork skin and the support element can be detachable from the formwork support.
- a formwork element according to the invention has the advantage over the prior art that the connection and separation between the formwork facing and the formwork support is possible very simply by applying a normal force on or away from the formwork facing. In particular, no tools are required to connect or separate the formlining and the formwork support.
- connection or separation of the formlining and the formwork support can be carried out in a simple manner even by untrained personnel.
- the connection and separation of the formlining and the formwork support can be carried out much faster than with the known procedure in which the two elements are connected to one another by rivets.
- Another advantage of the sound element according to the invention is that the connection between the formwork skin and the formwork support can be established and separated several times in succession. It is thus possible, for example, to use the same combination of formwork support and formlining several times to erect different parts of the building.
- the formlining and formwork beams can thus each be used multiple times, which reduces the effort and costs involved in providing materials on the construction site.
- the particularly non-destructive releasability according to the invention of at least part of the connector, for example from the formwork skin element or carrier element, from part of the formwork element is particularly advantageous. If, after repeated use, part of the user is so worn that the connection function is no longer reliably fulfilled, then part of the connector can simply be replaced.
- the formlining and formwork girders are therefore not affected by the wear of the connector and can otherwise be used again and again to set up a formwork. It is possible to replace the formwork facing element and / or the carrier element either after a defined number of connection cycles or simply after a visual inspection and thus ensure a fast and reliable connection between the formwork facing and the formwork carrier in the long term.
- several formlining elements are arranged on an assembly side of the formwork facing and several carrier elements are arranged on the side of the formwork girder facing the formwork facing and thus several connectors are provided, the connectors being distributed irregularly over the formwork facing and formwork girder, in particular where in the edge area and / or a higher number of connectors per surface are arranged at the corners than in the middle area of the formlining and formwork support.
- several connectors are provided for connecting a formwork skin to a formwork support.
- the formlining has a concrete side facing the concrete material when a part of the building is being erected. Opposite this concrete side is the assembly side of the formwork facing, which faces the formwork support when it is connected to it.
- the connectors are distributed irregularly over the formwork skin and formwork carrier. Irregular here means that the distances between adjacent connectors are at least partially different. It has been found that when a part of a building is erected, when the concrete material hardens or when the individual formwork elements are separated from the hardened concrete material, greater normal forces in the edge area of a formwork element occur than in the central area away from the edge area. These normal forces should not lead to a separation of the connection between the formwork skin element and the carrier element.
- the edge area is to be understood here as the area of the formwork facing and formwork support which, viewed from a normal direction onto the formwork facing, is arranged around the outer circumference of the formwork facing.
- This edge area can extend, for example, from 1 to 30 cm, preferably from 2 to 20 cm, measured from the outer edge of the formwork facing in the direction of its center.
- the number of connectors per area is greater in the edge area than in the middle of the formwork facing and Formwork beams.
- the density of the connectors is therefore selected to be greater in the edge area than in the middle. This ensures that there is no unintentional separation of the connectors in the edge area of the formlining and formwork girder, which is more heavily loaded by normal forces.
- the density of connectors is selected to be lower, since fewer normal forces occur here, which have to be compensated by the connected connectors. Due to the reduced density of connectors in the middle area, the sum of the limit forces of all connectors is kept low, so that if the formlining and formwork girders are deliberately separated, this separation can be carried out with an acceptable, accumulated limit force.
- Such connectors with different limiting separation forces can either be of the same design and differently dimensioned, or the connectors can be of different designs and have based on different principles of action.
- Various embodiments of designs and operating principles are described below.
- connectors with a higher limit separation force are arranged in the edge area and / or at the corners.
- connectors with lower limit separation forces are placed in the middle area of the formlining and formwork girders.
- the connectors can either be arranged at regular intervals from one another or alternatively also at irregular intervals from one another.
- the higher normal forces to be compensated that occur in the edge area when a part of the building is erected are compensated for by a higher density of boundary separating force.
- connectors with a lower limit separation force are arranged in order to keep the sum of the limit separation force, which is required for dismantling the formlining from the formwork support, low.
- At least one material connection in particular an adhesive connection, is provided in the edge area and / or at the corners of the formwork facing and formwork support.
- an integral connection is established.
- This material connection is arranged in the edge area that is more heavily loaded with normal forces when a part of the building is being erected or when the formwork element is removed from the part of the building.
- the material connection thus supports the connection between the formwork facing and the formwork support provided by the connector or connectors.
- the carrier element is formed by a partial area of the formwork carrier, in particular wherein the carrier element is formed by a recess in the formwork carrier.
- a partial area or an element of the formwork carrier is provided as the carrier element of the connector.
- the carrier element is provided directly by the formwork carrier.
- a recess or bore, which is made in the formwork carrier is provided as the carrier element.
- This recess can be used in the context of Formwork support or in a support plate connected to the frame, which is described below, be arranged.
- the formwork skin element is simply inserted into such a recess in the formwork support.
- the recess in the formwork support is part of the connector as a support element.
- the formwork facing adapter is positively connected to the formwork facing and / or the formwork facing element is positively connected to the formwork facing adapter.
- the formwork facing adapter is connected to the formwork facing via a form fit.
- This means that the formwork facing adapter and formwork facing are shaped in such a way that partial areas of both elements interlock and thus create a firm connection between the two elements.
- This form fit is designed at least in such a way that it acts in the normal direction to the formwork skin surface. As a result, the form fit prevents the formwork facing adapter and the formwork facing from being separated from one another by the application of a normal force to the formwork facing.
- connection of the formwork facing element to the formwork facing adapter can also be designed in a correspondingly form-fitting manner in order to prevent separation of the formwork facing adapter and formwork facing element when forces act in the normal direction to the formwork facing surface.
- the formwork facing adapter it is also possible for the formwork facing adapter to be connected to the formwork facing in a force-locking manner, for example via a press fit, or in a materially bonded manner, for example via an adhesive connection.
- the formwork facing adapter and the formwork facing are preferably designed in such a way that both have approximately the same service life.
- the formwork facing adapter thus remains on or in the formwork facing over the service life of the formwork facing.
- a long-term stable, form-fitting connection between the formwork facing adapter and formwork facing is optimal.
- the formlining has a concrete side which, when the formwork element is used, faces the part of the building to be constructed, and the formwork facing has one the concrete side has opposite assembly side facing the formwork carrier, wherein the formwork facing element and the formwork facing adapter are arranged on or in the assembly side, wherein the formwork facing adapter on the assembly side of the formwork facing by a movement parallel to the assembly side of the formwork facing can be inserted into the formwork facing and in the formwork skin inserted state there is a form fit between the formwork skin and the formwork skin adapter in a direction perpendicular to the assembly side.
- the formwork skin adapter and the formwork skin element are arranged on or in the mounting side of the sound skin facing away from the concrete side.
- the form fit between the formlining adapter and the formwork facing is designed in such a way that it can be produced by a sliding movement of the formwork facing adapter relative to the formwork facing. This sliding movement is directed parallel to the formlining surface or parallel to the assembly side. The sliding movement is thus perpendicular to the direction of action of the form fit.
- This embodiment has the advantage that the formwork facing adapter can be connected to the formwork facing in a simple manner. Such a simple type of connection is particularly advantageous in series production, since it enables short cycle times for producing a formwork facing with several formwork facing adapters incorporated therein.
- the form fit can be implemented, for example, by a form fit connection in the manner of a dovetail.
- the formwork facing has a recess with an undercut in a side view from a direction perpendicular to the assembly side and the formwork facing adapter is pushed into the recess, a portion of the formwork facing adapter being arranged in the undercut of the recess and thus a form fit between the formwork facing and formwork facing adapter is provided in a direction perpendicular to the assembly side.
- a recess is made in the formlining which, in a plan view of the edge of the formwork facing, has an undercut.
- the formwork facing adapter also has a shape which can be pushed into this undercut in certain areas.
- a dovetail-shaped recess can be introduced into the formwork skin from the side edge, in particular milled, which has an undercut in each of its edge regions.
- the edge areas of the formwork facing adapter are correspondingly shaped as a geometric negative shape to the dovetail-shaped recess and can thus be pushed into the recess with little play.
- the formwork facing has a recess in a plan view of the assembly side with boundary walls running perpendicular to the assembly side and the formwork facing adapter is pressed into the recess in a direction perpendicular to the assembly side, with at least a partial area of the formwork facing adapter in the recess is arranged and so a frictional connection between the formwork facing and the formwork facing adapter is provided in a plane parallel to the assembly side.
- the formwork facing adapter and formwork facing are non-positively connected via a press connection, which takes place by means of a press-in movement in a direction perpendicular to the surface or to the assembly side of the formwork facing.
- a recess is provided in the formwork facing which does not completely penetrate the formwork facing in the direction of its thickness.
- This recess is delimited by boundary walls running perpendicular to the assembly side, so that this recess does not have an undercut.
- the formwork facing adapter has a corresponding negative shape, which, however, is made somewhat larger in its outer diameter than the inner diameter of the recess. As a result of this excess, when the formwork facing adapter is pressed into the formwork facing, a force-fit interference fit is created which fixes the formwork facing adapter relative to the formwork facing.
- supporting projecting ribs or knobs can be provided, which facilitate the introduction of the formwork facing adapter into the recess.
- This embodiment has the advantage that no undercut has to be created in a recess in the formwork facing.
- a fixation of the formwork facing adapter relative to the formwork facing can of course also be realized by a combination of form fit and force flow.
- the form-fitting connection described above in which the formwork facing adapter is pushed into a recess via a sliding movement, can also be provided with a slight oversize, so that the sliding movement can only be carried out by overcoming a resistance and thus a frictional connection is also created.
- the formwork facing adapter is non-positively fixed in the sliding direction and is not pulled out of the formwork facing again by an opposite sliding movement.
- the formwork facing adapter can be connected to the formwork facing using additional connecting elements such as screws or nails.
- the formwork facing adapter is arranged directly adjacent to the edge of the formwork facing or at a distance from the edge of the formwork facing, viewed from a direction perpendicular to the assembly side.
- the formwork facing adapter can be arranged at different positions relative to the edge of the formwork facing, viewed from a direction perpendicular to the formwork facing surface or the assembly side.
- the formwork facing has a recess which has an undercut and the formwork facing adapter is connected to this recess via a sliding movement
- an arrangement directly adjacent to the edge of the formwork facing is advantageous, since the formwork facing adapter is then in a simple manner can be inserted.
- This form-fitting connection can, however, also be provided at a distance from the edge of the formlining.
- an insertion area is formed in the surface of the formwork skin, through which the undercut can be produced in the recess by, for example, inserting a corresponding form milling cutter into the insertion area and then using it to produce the undercut.
- the formwork facing adapter can then also be introduced via this insertion area and pushed into the recess with the undercut.
- a type of connection can also be selected in which the formwork facing adapter is pressed into a recess without undercutting from the assembly side via a press-fit connection.
- These multiple formwork facing adapters can also be designed differently and in particular also be dimensioned differently in order to accommodate formwork facing elements with different load-bearing capacities.
- the formwork facing adapter has a recess with an undercut, into which the formwork facing element can be reversibly inserted, this reversible connection of formwork facing element and formwork facing adapter being at least partially formed by a form fit of a partial area of the formwork facing element with the undercut of the recess in the formwork facing adapter.
- the form-fitting element is connected to the form-fitting adapter in a form-fitting manner.
- This form fit is designed in such a way that it counteracts a separation of the formwork facing element and formwork facing adapter when a force acts perpendicular to the assembly side.
- the undercut can alternatively also be arranged on the formwork facing element and a partial area of the formwork facing adapter can engage with this undercut in a form-fitting manner.
- different active movements can be provided relative between the formwork skin element and the formwork skin adapter.
- Such a form-fitting connection between the formwork facing element and the formwork facing adapter has the advantage that the formwork facing element can be separated from the formwork facing adapter and thus exchanged in a simple manner.
- Such a form-fitting connection can easily be established by hand and separated again without the application of great forces and moments. The replacement of a large number of formwork elements can therefore be carried out quickly and easily.
- the form fit between the formwork facing element and formwork facing adapter can be produced and canceled by a linear movement of the formwork facing element relative to the formwork facing adapter in a direction parallel to the assembly side.
- the formwork facing element can be connected to and separated from the formwork facing adapter by a sliding movement.
- a partial area of the formwork facing element can be pushed into an undercut in the formwork facing adapter in order to produce a form fit.
- the shape of the undercut and the correspondingly negatively shaped sub-area on the formwork element is not particularly limited.
- the undercut and the protruding partial area on the formwork skin element can have the shape of a dovetail.
- the form fit between the formwork skin element and the formwork skin adapter can be produced and canceled by a rotary movement of the formwork skin element relative to the formwork skin adapter around an axis of rotation which is oriented perpendicular to the assembly side.
- the form fit is established and canceled again in that the formwork facing element is rotated relative to the formwork facing adapter.
- a partial area of the formwork facing element is brought into a form fit with an undercut in the formwork facing adapter during assembly.
- This principle is similar to the functional principle of a bayonet lock.
- the formwork skin is designed in the form of a plate and has a concrete side which, when the formwork element is used, faces the part of the building to be created and the formwork skin has an assembly side opposite the concrete side, which faces the formwork support, the formwork skin element on or in the Mounting side is arranged.
- the formwork skin is plate-shaped and has two large main surfaces, which are large in relation to the circumferential edge surface.
- Such a panel-shaped formwork skin can be formed, for example, by a plywood panel.
- One of these large main surfaces is the concrete side, which faces the concrete material during the shuttering and is usually provided with a coating.
- the assembly side, on or in which the formwork element is positioned, is arranged opposite this concrete side. Usually, the concrete side and the assembly side are aligned parallel to one another.
- the formlining is made of multiple layers.
- the formlining has several layers or layers. These layers can consist of the same material, for example a wooden material. Alternatively, however, layers can also be provided which consist of different materials.
- the formwork carrier has a frame and the carrier element is arranged on or in the frame on its side facing the formwork skin.
- the formwork support has a frame which, for example, runs around the formwork support at its outer edge.
- the frame can also have struts.
- the frame is advantageously made of a metal material in a lightweight construction constructed, for example, from metal pipes.
- the carrier element is arranged on the side of the frame that points towards the formwork facing.
- the reversible connection between the carrier element and the formwork skin element absorbs forces in the normal direction to the concrete side, which are smaller than the limit separation force.
- the connector is designed to absorb tensile and compressive forces which act between the formwork facing and the formwork support and which are less than the limit separating force. This ensures that the formlining and formwork girders remain securely connected to one another during the construction of a part of the building and do not unintentionally separate.
- the reversible connection between the carrier element and the formlining element absorbs transverse forces which run at right angles to the normal direction to the concrete side.
- the connector is designed so that it can also absorb forces that act between the formwork facing and the formwork support and are oriented in a direction other than the normal direction to the formwork facing. These are in particular transverse or shear forces which run at right angles to the normal direction.
- the reversible connection between the carrier element and the formwork skin element is designed to be non-positive and / or form-fitting.
- Non-positive connection elements are particularly favorable for a reversible connection between the formwork skin element and the carrier element, since a non-positive connection can be established and separated again in a simple manner in the normal direction to the formwork skin.
- connecting elements designed with a positive fit are also suitable. It is also possible to provide connectors which act both positively and positively.
- the carrier element and / or the formwork skin element have elastically deformable areas.
- the carrier element and / or the formwork skin element are designed to be elastically resilient at least in some areas.
- Elastically deformable areas can be arranged either on the formwork skin element, on the carrier element or on both of these elements.
- the formwork skin element has a shaft and a connection head, the formwork skin element being connected with one end of the shaft to the formwork skin and the connection head with the end of the shaft opposite the formwork skin.
- the formwork skin element has a connection head which is provided to come into operative connection with the carrier element.
- This operative connection can be designed in a form-fitting, force-fitting manner according to a combination of these two operating principles.
- Adjacent to the connection head a shaft is provided which is designed, for example, in the shape of a rod. One end of this shaft is connected to the connection head, the opposite end of the shaft is connected to the formwork skin.
- connection head has at least one bending area which is elastically deformable relative to the shaft.
- connection head of the formwork skin element has at least one elastically deformable area, a bending area.
- This bending area is designed in such a way that it can be elastically deformed relative to the shaft.
- the bending area is therefore also designed to be movable relative to the shaft and to the formlining.
- the bending area has at least one insertion surface and at least one separating surface, the insertion surface resting at least partially on the carrier element when the formlining element is connected to the carrier element and the separating surface at least partially on the carrier element when the connection of the formworking element with the carrier element is separated is present.
- the elastic bending area has at least one insertion surface and at least one separating surface. These two surfaces are intended to come into operative connection with the carrier element when the formwork skin element and the carrier element are connected or separated. To establish the connection, at least part of the insertion surface of the formwork skin element rests on the carrier element.
- the insertion surface is pressed against the carrier element.
- This compressive force on the insertion surface can initiate an elastic deformation of the bending area, which in turn leads to the formwork skin element being compressed in its radial direction. This facilitates the introduction into the carrier element.
- a connector is to be separated by removing the formwork skin element from the carrier element is pulled out, the separating surface of the formwork skin element is at least partially in contact with the carrier element.
- a compressive force is applied to the separating surface, which in turn leads to a radial, elastic deformation of the bending area. In this radially compressed state, the formwork skin element can then be pulled out of the carrier element more easily.
- the insertion surface and the separating surface are arranged at an angle, in particular at mutually different angles, to the central axis of the shaft.
- the central axis of the shaft of the formwork facing element is oriented at right angles to the concrete side of the formwork facing.
- the formwork skin element protrudes over the formwork skin on the assembly side in the direction of the central axis of the shaft.
- the insertion surface and the separating surface are expediently oriented at an angle to the central axis of the shaft.
- these surfaces act as ramps or inclined planes which translate a force applied in the direction of movement into a force acting in the radial direction on the bending area.
- the insertion surface and the separating surface have the effect that the bending area is elastically deformed in the radial direction and thus a connection or a disconnection of the connector is facilitated.
- the transmission ratio between the axially applied force and a radially acting deformation force can be set via the size of the angle at which the insertion surface and the separating surface are oriented to the central axis of the shaft and thus to the direction of movement.
- the radial force which leads to an elastic deformation of the bending area, is directly related to the limit separation force and the limit connection force of the connector. Because the angles of the insertion surface and the separating surface are set differently relative to the central axis of the shaft, the size of the limit separating force can be set differently to the size of the limit connecting force of the connector.
- two or more bending areas are provided, which are regularly arranged with respect to one another with respect to the central axis of the shaft and a cavity is located between the bending areas. In this embodiment, several bending areas are provided which, for example, lie opposite one another in relation to the central axis of the shaft.
- a symmetrical structure and / or a symmetrical, radial deformation behavior of the formwork skin element is achieved.
- Such a symmetrical behavior is advantageous when it is brought together with the carrier element, since no transverse forces occur during the connection due to the symmetrical structure and the formwork skin element and carrier element can thus be inserted and connected into one another without interference.
- a cavity is expediently provided between the bending areas which accommodates the bending elements in the elastically deformed state.
- the size of the cavity can be designed so that the bending areas do not touch each other in any state of deformation.
- the cavity can also be dimensioned in such a way that the bending areas rest on top of one another after a certain elastic deformation, so that no further elastic deformation is then possible.
- the carrier element is made rigid and has a cavity which essentially corresponds to the shape and size of the connection head and the carrier element has a plug-in recess which connects an outer surface of the carrier element with the cavity, the inside diameter of the plug-in recess is smaller than the largest inside diameter of the cavity.
- the carrier element is designed to be rigid as a counterpart to the previously described embodiments of a formwork skin element.
- the carrier element comprises a cavity which, when the connector is connected, is provided to accommodate the connection head of the formwork skin element.
- the shape and size of the cavity essentially correspond to the connection head.
- the cavity can, for example, be designed as a negative shape relative to the shape of the connecting head.
- the cavity is arranged inside the carrier element and is accessible from outside the carrier element through a plug-in recess.
- the clear width or the inner diameter of the plug-in recess is smaller than the largest inner diameter of the cavity.
- the cavity thus has an undercut opposite the plug-in recess, which can be used for a form-fitting connection between the formwork skin element and the carrier element.
- the Connection head of the formwork skin element beyond its shaft.
- this protruding area can be paired to form a form-fitting connection.
- the plug-in recess has a circular cross section.
- the plug-in recess furthermore comprises a central axis which is advantageously aligned coaxially to the central axis of the cavity.
- the plug-in recess has at least one socket insertion surface on its side facing the outer surface of the carrier element, on its side facing the cavity, at least one socket separation surface, the socket insertion surface and the socket separation surface at an angle, in particular at different angles, to the central axis of the plug-in recess are arranged.
- the carrier element has two functional surfaces analogous to the previously described formwork skin element with connection head and shaft, which are provided for contacting the formwork skin element: A socket insertion surface is provided on the side of the plug-in recess, which intersects an outer surface of the carrier element. Accordingly, a socket separation surface is provided on the side of the plug-in recess, which opens into the cavity.
- the socket insertion surface and the socket separation surface are oriented at an angle to the central axis of the plug-in recess.
- the bushing insertion surface comes into contact with the formwork skin element first. Due to the angular arrangement of the bushing insertion surface, the formwork skin element pressed in the direction of the center axis of the plug-in recess is compressed in its radial direction and can thus be more easily inserted into the carrier element.
- the bushing separating surface presses the formwork skin element together radially when there is a movement or a force along the center axis of the plug-in recess, thus making it easier to pull the formwork skin element out of the carrier element.
- the limit connection force and limit separation force can be set via the angle at which the socket insertion surface and socket separation surface are oriented towards the central axis of the plug-in recess.
- the angles of the socket lead-in surface and Socket separation surfaces can have the same size or different sizes with respect to the central axis of the plug-in recess.
- the formwork skin element was described with the connecting head and shaft, the connecting head having elastically deformable bending areas.
- the carrier element was described as rigid, with a cavity for receiving the connection head.
- these shapes can also be reversed, and a rigid element with a cavity as the formwork skin element and a carrier element with an elastically deformable connection head in some areas on the side of the formwork support.
- the functions and advantages described above also apply to the reversal of function and / or shape between the formlining and the formwork support.
- elastically deformable areas can also be arranged on both sides of the connection or the connector, namely on the formwork skin element and on the carrier element.
- the formwork facing area comprises an external thread which is connected to an internal thread arranged in the formwork facing.
- the formwork skin element is designed to be detachable from the formwork skin in a particularly simple manner via a threaded connection.
- a threaded connection instead of such a threaded connection, a press fit, an adhesive connection, a snap connection or some other connection can alternatively also be provided.
- the carrier attachment area comprises an external thread which is connected to an internal thread arranged in the formwork carrier.
- the carrier element is connected to the formwork carrier via a threaded connection.
- the carrier element can thus be detached from the formwork carrier in a particularly simple manner.
- Alternative connections, such as an interference fit, can also be selected for this connection.
- the carrier element has a carrier attachment area which is connected to the formwork carrier and the connection between the carrier element and the formwork carrier is designed to be detachable.
- a carrier attachment area is provided on the carrier element, via which the connection to the formwork carrier is established. This carrier attachment area is designed in such a way that it can be non-destructively connected to the formwork carrier and detached from it again. In this way, the carrier element can be exchanged quickly and easily.
- a formwork facing adapter is arranged between the formwork skin element and the formwork skin and / or a carrier adapter is arranged between the carrier element and the formwork carrier.
- a further component is provided between the formlining element and the formwork facing and / or between the carrier element and the formwork carrier, which additionally facilitates the detachment and connection of the connecting elements with the formwork skin and the formwork carrier.
- a formwork facing adapter can for example be designed as an annular component which has a self-tapping thread on its outer circumference, with which the formwork facing adapter can be firmly connected to the formwork facing, which is usually made of a wood material.
- the ring-shaped formwork facing adapter additionally has an internal thread on its inner circumference, which is provided for the detachable connection with the formwork facing element.
- the formwork facing adapter remains connected to the formwork facing; only the formwork facing element to be replaced is separated from the formwork facing or the formwork facing adapter.
- a new formwork facing element can then be connected to the formwork facing adapter in a simple manner.
- a carrier adapter serves as an interface for connecting the formwork carrier to the carrier element.
- a carrier adapter can also be designed in the form of a ring and its outer circumference or one end face can be welded to the frame of the formwork carrier.
- a carrier adapter designed in this way can also have an internal thread for connection to the carrier element.
- both formwork facing adapters and carrier adapters can also be connected to formwork facing or formwork carrier in an alternative manner, for example by screw connections, press connections or the like.
- the carrier element is made rigid and has a gripping area which essentially corresponds to the shape and size of a bending recess in the connecting head adjacent to a bending area, the gripping area protruding over adjacent areas of the carrier element adjoining this.
- a rigid, that is to say non-deformable under normal load, carrier element is provided.
- a protruding gripping area is arranged on this carrier element, which can be designed, for example, cylindrical, barrel-shaped or bulbous.
- This gripping area is intended to be gripped around at least in some areas by the connection head of the formwork skin element when the connector is connected.
- the gripping area penetrates a bending recess in the connection head.
- the bending recess is arranged adjacent to at least one bending area of the connection head. In a case in which a plurality of bending areas are arranged on the connection head, the bending recess is arranged between these bending areas.
- the shape and size of the bending recess essentially corresponds to the shape and size of the gripping area.
- the bending recess in the connected state with the gripping area that is to say in the case of elastically deformed bending areas, corresponds to the shape of the gripping area.
- the volume of the bending recess is smaller than the volume of the gripping area, since the bending areas are not elastically deformed outwards.
- the bending areas are elastically deformed in a direction radially away from the central axis of the formwork skin element and thereby develop a restoring force radially inwards. This creates both a force fit and a form fit between the two areas.
- connection is designed in such a way that it can be reversibly released again by applying a normal force perpendicular to the surface of the formwork facing.
- a limit connection force must be applied; to separate this connection, a limit separation force must be applied.
- the carrier element has, adjacent to the gripping area, a bending area receptacle which at least partially surrounds the gripping area and the bending area receptacle, when the connector is connected, the bending area of the formwork skin element at least partially absorbs.
- the gripping area of the carrier element is surrounded by a bending area receptacle which, when connected to the formwork skin element, accommodates at least a partial area of the bending area.
- the inside dimensions of the bending area receptacle are designed larger than the outside dimensions of the bending area in the deformed state.
- the carrier element has a guide area on the side of the bending area receptacle facing away from the gripping area, which at least partially surrounds and delimits the bending area receptacle, the guide area providing an outer surface of the carrier element facing away from the gripping element, which serves as a guide surface of the carrier element is provided to the formwork support.
- the bending area receptacle is delimited by a guide area on its side facing away from the gripping area. This guide area forms, on the one hand, a delimitation of the bending area receptacle and, on the other hand, a delimitation of the carrier element towards the outside.
- an outer surface is provided which is preferably oriented essentially parallel to the central axis of the gripping area.
- this outer surface serves as a guide surface for the carrier element relative to the formwork carrier.
- the carrier element is arranged either directly on the frame of the formwork carrier or on or in an additional carrier plate which is in contact with the frame. Accordingly, the outer surface of the guide area is adjacent either to the frame or to a support plate of the formwork support.
- the carrier element comprises an at least partially planar floor area which is essentially oriented perpendicular to the central axis of the gripping area, and the floor area rests flat on a carrier plate or the frame of the formwork carrier.
- the carrier element comprises a base area which is provided as a contact surface of the carrier element on the formwork carrier.
- the bottom area connects the gripping area and the guide area and limits the bending area pick-up.
- the bottom area has an oriented away from the gripping element Floor area, which is at least partially executed flat. In the case of a carrier element connected to the formwork carrier, this floor surface rests on the formwork carrier.
- the floor area is preferably designed to be planar over a large area in order to achieve a large contact area between the carrier element and the formwork carrier.
- the carrier element has a fastening area which is at least partially arranged in the gripping area, the fastening area being provided for fastening the carrier element to the frame or to a carrier plate, in particular wherein the fastening area comprises at least one recess which the carrier element in one direction completely penetrates perpendicular to the mounting side.
- the carrier element comprises at least one fastening area which is at least partially arranged in the gripping area.
- the fastening area can be arranged within and concentrically to the gripping area. The fastening area is provided to fasten the carrier element to the formwork carrier or to a carrier plate.
- the fastening area can comprise a recess, which can be designed, for example, as a simple cylindrical bore.
- a connecting element such as a screw
- the fastening area can also have a cavity which is provided to accommodate the head of a connecting element, such as a screw, in the interior of the gripping area.
- an additional connection area can be provided, in particular on the outer circumference of the guide area, which can also be used to connect the carrier element to the formwork carrier.
- connection area can, for example, have a contact surface which is pressed into a recess in the formwork carrier, as a result of which a non-positive connection is created between the carrier element and the formwork carrier.
- fastening areas and / or several connecting areas can also be arranged on the carrier element.
- the carrier element is introduced into a recess in a carrier plate, the bottom area of the carrier element being flat on a delimiting surface the recess rests in the carrier plate and the carrier element is fastened together with the carrier plate by a fastening element on the frame of the formwork support, the fastening element being guided through the fastening area or being part of the fastening area.
- the support element is attached to the frame of the formwork support together with a support plate.
- the carrier element serves as an auxiliary element for fastening the carrier plate to the frame.
- the base area of the carrier element rests flat on the guide plate.
- the carrier element is connected to the frame by a fastening element, for example a screw, and is tensioned against it.
- the carrier plate is clamped between the carrier element and the frame and thus fixed with a force fit. Due to the large contact area between the base area of the carrier element and the carrier plate, it is only slightly stressed by stresses. Furthermore, forces applied to the carrier plate are transferred to the frame with little tension through the large contact surface.
- the carrier element fulfills a double function in this embodiment. On the one hand, it is part of a connector and, on the other hand, it acts like a washer, which increases the contact area between a fastening element and a carrier plate. As a result of this combination of functions, the formwork element in this embodiment is particularly robust and at the same time has a simple structure.
- a recess is preferably made in the carrier plate, which essentially corresponds to the shape and size of the carrier element.
- This recess is designed in such a way that it does not completely penetrate the carrier plate, but rather a partial area of the carrier plate remains.
- the carrier element is preferably arranged within this recess so that it does not protrude beyond the carrier plate. As a result, the carrier element is attached in a protected manner within the carrier plate.
- the gripping area and the bending area receptacle have a circular shape in a plan view of the carrier element from a direction perpendicular to the mounting side and are positioned concentrically to one another, in particular the guide area and / or the fastening area also being concentric to the gripping area and to the Bending area recording are positioned.
- the carrier element is designed to be circular in a plan view of the assembly side.
- at least the gripping area and the annular bending area receptacle are arranged concentrically to one another, the bending area receptacle completely surrounding the gripping area.
- the guide area can also be concentric with the other two areas be arranged, wherein the guide area is arranged outside of the bending area receptacle and surrounds it completely.
- the fastening area can also be arranged concentrically to the other areas, this being preferably arranged in the center of the gripping area and thus forming the innermost area.
- This concentric arrangement has the advantage that the carrier element is constructed symmetrically in the circumferential direction and can thus be brought together and connected equally well with the formwork skin element from all directions parallel to the assembly side.
- the positioning of the carrier element relative to the formwork carrier in the direction of rotation about an imaginary axis perpendicular to the assembly side does not matter. This also simplifies the assembly of the formwork support and support element.
- the formwork support comprises at least one support plate which is connected to the frame, the support plate being provided for connection to the formwork skin and at least one support element of at least one connector being arranged on or in the support plate.
- the formwork support comprises, in addition to the frame, a support plate which, like the frame, is provided for connection to the formwork facing.
- the support plate enlarges the surface of the formwork support, which faces the formwork skin.
- At least one connector namely the carrier element of at least one connector, is expediently arranged on or in the carrier plate.
- the carrier plate provides a surface on which connectors for connection to the formwork facing can be arranged.
- the carrier plate can consist of a wood material, a plastic or also of metal, for example of sheet metal.
- the carrier plate is designed to be detachable from the frame and thus exchangeable.
- the carrier plate can be connected to the frame in a simple manner and also detached from it again.
- different carrier plates with a different number of attached carrier elements can be stored, with the carrier plate currently required for the building part to be constructed being connected to a frame of a formwork carrier on the construction site.
- Such a releasable connection between the carrier plate and the frame can be made, for example, by means of screw connections will be realized.
- the surface of the carrier plate which faces the formwork facing can extend parallel to the assembly side or to the concrete side of the formwork facing.
- the carrier element is connected to the frame or the carrier plate of the formwork carrier via a press connection.
- the carrier element is pressed into the frame or a carrier plate of the formwork carrier.
- This press connection is preferably produced between an outer circumferential surface of the carrier element, which forms a connection area, and an inner circumferential surface of a recess in the formwork carrier.
- the support element can also be connected to the formwork support by one or more connecting elements such as screws, rivets or the like.
- the surface of the frame which faces the formwork skin is flush with the surface of the carrier plate which faces the formwork skin.
- the carrier plate is inserted into the frame.
- the frame runs around the carrier plate.
- the surface of the frame and the surface of the carrier plate on the side of the formwork support facing the formwork facing are flush with one another.
- One or more carrier elements are arranged both on or in the frame and on or in the carrier plate.
- the formwork skin is connected to the formwork carrier by connectors both in the carrier plate and in the frame.
- the formwork skin element has a shaft and a connection head, the formwork skin element being connected with one end of the shaft to the formwork skin and the connection head with the end of the shaft opposite the formwork skin, the outer diameter of the connection head being greater than the outer diameter of the shaft and thus the connecting head protrudes over the shaft.
- the connection head protrudes over the shaft.
- a shoulder is formed on the formwork skin element, which can be used for a positive connection with the carrier element.
- the shaft corresponds to the formwork facing area, since the connection of the formwork facing element to the formwork facing via the formwork facing adapter and the Shank takes place as interfaces.
- the outer diameter of the shaft based on the central axis of the formwork skin element, can also be greater than the outer diameter of the connecting head.
- the carrier element has a cavity whose inner diameter is larger than the outer diameter of the connection head and the carrier element has at least one locking element which is at least partially arranged in the carrier element and designed to be movable relative to the cavity, the locking element in a Locked state protrudes into the cavity and its clear width is reduced.
- the formwork skin element and the carrier element can also be connected to one another in a form-locking manner as an alternative or in addition to a force-locking connection.
- at least one movable locking element is provided on the carrier element, which locking element can be moved relative to the formwork skin element when the formwork skin element and carrier element are connected.
- the locking element In the locked state of the connector, the locking element is provided to engage in an undercut of the formwork skin element, thereby creating a form-fitting connection.
- the carrier element has a cavity which is dimensioned such that it can accommodate the connection head of the formwork skin element when the locking element is open.
- the locking element is designed to be movable in relation to this cavity. When transferring to the locked state, the locking element is moved into the cavity at least in some areas, whereby its clear width is reduced. To cancel the locking state, the locking element is moved out of the cavity again.
- the locking element can also be arranged on or in a plug-in recess which connects an outer surface of the carrier element with the cavity. A plurality of locking elements movable relative to the cavity can be provided.
- connection head of the formwork skin element can be made rigid in this embodiment.
- connection head can also have at least one elastically deformable bending area which, when the formwork skin element is connected to the carrier element, interacts with the carrier element in a force-locking manner.
- the carrier element furthermore has a locking mechanism which moves the locking element relative to the cavity, wherein the locking mechanism can be actuated by a translational and / or rotational movement.
- a locking mechanism is provided which is used to actuate the at least one locking element. This locking mechanism translates a movement generated and introduced from outside the carrier element into a movement of the locking element. Since the locking and unlocking of the locking element should be able to be carried out quickly and in a simple manner, the locking mechanism is designed in particular so that it can be actuated by a simple translational or rotational movement. A mixture of these two types of movement is also conceivable.
- the movement for actuating the locking mechanism is applied by a person who connects or separates the formwork facing and the formwork support with one another.
- the locking mechanism is accessible from a side of the formwork carrier facing away from the formwork skin, in particular the locking mechanism being accessible from the surface of the formwork carrier opposite the formwork skin or from a surface of the formwork carrier oriented at right angles to the formwork skin.
- a locking mechanism is provided which is accessible from the side of the formlining facing away from the concrete side and is also actuated from this side. After the concrete material has been poured into the formwork, the concrete side is no longer accessible.
- the formwork support when stripping the formwork, the formwork support can first be removed and then the formlining can be removed from the erected part of the building.
- the elements of the locking mechanism to be actuated for the movement of the locking element can be arranged on the side of the formwork support facing away from the formwork facing.
- these elements required for actuating the locking mechanism can also be arranged on a side surface of the frame which is arranged at right angles or at a different angle to the assembly side of the formwork facing.
- At least one locking element is arranged on the carrier element of the connector, to arrange at least one locking element on the formwork skin element.
- the forms and functions that were described above for the carrier element can also be used or drawn upon for the formwork skin element.
- features, shapes and functions that have been described for the formlining element can also be used for the carrier element.
- the carrier element has a shaft and a connection head and the formwork skin element has an at least partially undercut cavity and the formwork skin element is rotatably and axially fixed in the formwork skin, the cavity being able to be brought into a form fit with the connection head, this being Positive locking can be produced and released by a rotary movement of the formwork skin element, the formwork skin element being accessible from the concrete side of the formwork skin and a key area for applying a torque to the formwork skin element being provided on the formwork skin element, in particular with the formwork skin element being covered by a cover on the concrete side.
- an at least partially form-fitting connector is accessible and actuatable from the concrete side of the formlining.
- the side of the formwork support facing away from the formwork facing is not accessible.
- any locking mechanisms that may be present on the side of the formwork support facing away from the formwork facing are not accessible.
- a positively acting connector must be able to be actuated from the opposite side, namely from the side of the formwork facing.
- One solution for this application is to arrange the formwork facing element rotatably but axially fixed in the formwork facing. This rotatably mounted formwork skin element interacts positively with a carrier element arranged on the formwork carrier.
- the carrier element has a connecting head which protrudes over a shaft and which can optionally be enclosed by a partially undercut cavity which is arranged here on the formwork skin element.
- the carrier element and the partially undercut, rotatably mounted cavity of the formwork skin element can be brought into one another in a radial position of the formwork skin element. If the formwork skin element is rotated after it has been introduced, the partially provided undercut of the cavity comes into engagement with the connecting head of the carrier element. This creates a form fit between the two elements.
- the described rotary movement of the formwork facing element is introduced into the formwork facing element from the concrete side of the formwork facing. To do this is one in the direction of the Latch mechanism facing the concrete is provided.
- This locking mechanism can, for example, have a key area which can be reached and actuated from the concrete side.
- the key area facing the concrete side can be operated by one person either by hand or with a simple tool.
- the access to the formwork facing element from the concrete side of the formwork facing and in particular the access to the key area is covered with an easily removable cover.
- the cover is then removed again and the key area is accessible.
- the cover can be formed, for example, by a plastic or rubber cap that is flat on the concrete side.
- the frame has a guide strip on its side facing the formwork facing, which protrudes over the surface of the frame facing the formwork facing and which at least partially surrounds the frame.
- the outwardly facing edge of the frame is delimited by a guide strip.
- This guide bar protrudes over the remaining surface of the frame, which faces the formwork facing.
- the guide bar is used for simple and safe positioning of the formwork facing relative to the formwork support or the frame.
- the guide bar can be arranged on the outer edge of the frame either in certain areas or completely circumferentially.
- the guide bar is expediently incorporated into the elements forming the frame.
- the guide bar can also be fitted with a frame attached to the rest of the frame Component are formed, wherein the guide bar is connected to the rest of the frame via screw connections, welded connections or the like.
- an edge element is placed on the edges of the formwork facing, which at least partially surrounds the formwork facing, the edge element being made of an elastically deformable material.
- the edges located on the outer circumference of the formwork skin are provided with an edge element.
- This edge element serves, on the one hand, to mechanically protect the edges from damage during transport of the formlining.
- the edge element is provided as a seal between the formwork facing and the formwork support or a formwork facing from an adjacent formwork facing.
- the edge element is advantageously made of an elastically deformable material, as a result of which the shape of the edge element can be elastically changed in a simple manner for sealing against another element.
- edge element runs around the entire outwardly facing circumference of the formwork skin.
- an edge element can also be arranged only in partial areas of the outer circumference of the formwork facing.
- the edge element can end flush with the concrete side and / or the assembly side in the direction of the thickness, that is to say in the direction that runs between the concrete side and the assembly side of the formwork facing.
- the edge element can protrude over the formwork facing on the concrete side and / or on the assembly side.
- the formwork skin has a shoulder on its edge on the assembly side, which at least partially surrounds the assembly side, the shoulder having a shape complementary to the guide strip of the frame.
- the formwork skin is designed asymmetrically in its thickness direction.
- a shoulder is arranged on the assembly side, the size and shape of which is adapted to a guide strip of the formwork support.
- the interaction of the shoulder and the guide bar creates a form fit between the formwork facing and the formwork support, which makes the two elements easier to relate to one another can be positioned and are fixed to each other after positioning. This is particularly advantageous in order to also correctly position the connectors arranged between the formwork facing and the formwork support in relation to one another.
- the edge element when the formwork skin is connected to the formwork support, the edge element protrudes beyond the frame in at least one direction parallel to the concrete side.
- the edge element which is designed to be elastically deformable, protrudes in the circumferential direction over the formwork element.
- adjacent formwork elements arranged in a formwork can be sealed against one another against leaking concrete material during pouring.
- the adjacently arranged formwork elements are positioned in such a way that their spacing is less than the sum of the protrusions of the undeformed edge elements beyond the frame.
- a formwork element for a formwork for a part of a building is also disclosed
- the formwork carrier and the formwork skin element can be reversibly connected to one another and form the connector, whereby the formwork skin is designed to be reversibly connectable to the formwork carrier, the reversible connection between the formwork carrier and the formwork skin element being directed towards the formwork carrier by applying a force in the normal direction to the formwork skin, which is greater than is a limit connection force, can be connected and wherein the reversible connection between the formwork support and the formwork skin element can be separated by an elastic deformation of a partial area of the formwork skin element by a cutting tool, the Formwork facing element has a formwork facing area which is connected to the formwork facing and the connection between formwork facing element and form
- This alternative formwork element differs from the formwork element previously described in several embodiments in that a separation of the formwork facing and formwork support cannot be separated simply by applying a normal force to the formwork facing away from the formwork support.
- the alternative formwork element has a connector which can be deformed by a cutting tool in such a way that this deformation eliminates a form fit between the formwork skin element and the carrier element. By canceling this form fit, the formwork facing and formwork support can then be separated from one another.
- a reversible connection between the formwork facing with a formwork facing element arranged thereon and the carrier element can be established in that a normal force is applied to the formwork facing, which is greater than a limit connection force.
- a limit connection force By overcoming this limit connecting force, a form fit between the formwork facing element and the formwork support is then established, which holds the formwork facing and formwork support together. If the formlining is to be detached from the formwork carrier again, a cutting tool is used, which is brought into contact with a partial area of the formwork facing element in order to deform it.
- the formwork skin element has a shaft and a connection head
- the formwork skin element one end of the shaft is connected to the formwork skin and the connection head is connected to the end of the shaft opposite the formwork skin and the connection head has at least one bending area which is elastically deformable relative to the shaft and the formwork support has at least one recess through which at least part of the connection head can be introduced with the bending area and thus a form fit between the connection head and the recess in the formwork carrier is created, whereby the reversible connection between the formwork skin and the formwork carrier can be established and the bending area can be elastically deformed by the cutting tool, and this deformation by a linear movement of the cutting tool in a direction from the formwork support to the formwork facing perpendicular to the assembly side can be generated, whereby this elastic deformation of the bending area removes the positive fit between the connection head and the recess in the formwork support and the V eritatiskopf can be removed from the
- connection head with at least one elastic, malleable bending area is provided.
- this connection head is introduced into a recess in the formwork support, which creates a form-fitting connection.
- this form-fitting connection can be canceled by a linear movement of a cutting tool relative to the formwork facing element and its connection head.
- the cutting tool elastically deforms at least one bending area. The bending area is not damaged as a result and can be used for a new connection between a formlining and a formwork support.
- the cutting tool has a recess with an at least partially cylindrical cross-section and the bending area has a tool contact surface which is inclined to the normal direction on the assembly side, the recess in the cutting tool with its edge area in contact with the Tool contact surface can be brought and, with a linear movement of the cutting tool towards the formwork element, the bending area is elastically deformable in the direction of the interior of the recess in the cutting tool.
- the cutting tool has a recess in its interior, which is partially guided over the bending area to separate the connection between the formwork facing and the formwork support. In this case, an edge area of this recess rests on a tool contact surface of the bending area.
- the cutting tool has a very simple structure in this embodiment and can be formed, for example, by a simple pipe section.
- the handling of the cutting tool is simple, so that the formlining and the formwork support can be separated in a simple manner.
- a connector for the detachable connection of a formwork support to a formwork skin.
- a connector consists of a formwork skin element and a carrier element according to one of the previously described embodiments of a formwork element according to the invention.
- the use of a connector to connect a formwork skin to a formwork support results in a simple connection and a simple separation of these two elements with or from each other. Since the connectors are designed to be reversible, in particular non-destructive and wear-resistant, connectable and separable from one another, the use of a connector enables multiple, non-destructive connection and separation of the formlining and the formwork support.
- the advantages described above for the embodiments of the formwork element also apply in an analogous manner to the use of a connector for the detachable connection of a formwork support to a formwork facing.
- the object of the invention is further achieved by a method for connecting a formwork facing to a formwork support of a formwork element according to one of the embodiments described above, comprising the steps of a) positioning the formwork facing to the formwork support, the at least one formwork facing element being axially aligned with the at least one support element b) applying a normal force to the formlining in the direction of the formwork girder, the normal force being greater than the sum of the limit force of all connectors between the formwork facing and the formwork girder, c) movement of the formwork facing in the normal direction towards the formwork facing towards the formwork girder until the formwork skin is flat rests on the formwork beam.
- a method according to the invention is used for the reversible, that is to say detachable and repeatable, connection of a formwork facing to a formwork support of a formwork element.
- the method according to the invention is carried out precisely in the described sequence of steps a) to c).
- a) the formwork facing is positioned relative to the formwork support. This positioning takes place in such a way that the formwork skin element is oriented axially in alignment with the carrier element. If several connectors are provided, the formwork facing is positioned in such a way that all formwork facing elements are axially aligned with the corresponding carrier elements.
- Axially aligned here means that the formwork skin element and the carrier element are aligned with one another in such a way that the two elements can be connected to one another.
- the formwork skin element and carrier element are expediently designed in such a way that an offset of their central axes by a few millimeters can be compensated for.
- the formwork skin element and the carrier element are designed in such a way that the connection between the two elements is guided, for example in that lead-in bevels are provided on the carrier element which catch the formwork skin element during the connection.
- the formwork skin element and the carrier element therefore do not have to be aligned exactly axially with one another. This tolerance in the positioning of the formlining to the carrier element facilitates a quick and easy connection.
- a normal force is applied to the previously positioned formlining, which essentially acts at a right angle to the concrete side of the formlining.
- This normal force acts from the formwork facing in the direction of the formwork girder.
- the formlining is thus pressed against the formwork support.
- the normal force has an amount that is greater than the sum of the limit connecting force of all the connectors of the formwork element together.
- step c) the formwork facing is moved towards the formwork support until the formwork facing lies flat against the formwork support.
- the formwork element is connected to the carrier element.
- step c) the formlining is firmly attached to the formwork support. If concrete material is then introduced into the formwork when a part of the building is being erected, the compressive forces applied by the concrete material to the formwork skin are caused by the contact between the formwork skin and Formwork girders introduced into the formwork girders.
- the connector or connectors are not or only to a very small extent loaded by compressive forces resulting from the concrete material.
- a method according to the invention has the advantage that it can be carried out quickly and easily.
- the formwork facing is positioned relative to the formwork support and pressed against it.
- the need for tools to establish the connection and complex fastening steps are completely eliminated.
- there is no damage whatsoever to the formwork facing or to the formwork support as occurs, for example, with a conventional riveted connection between the two elements.
- a carrier plate is connected to the frame of the formwork carrier.
- a carrier plate is attached to the frame of the shuttering carrier before the shuttering is attached.
- a carrier plate serves to improve the strength of the formwork carrier and, in particular, also to provide a larger support surface which can be used to attach a larger number of connections.
- the carrier plate can be connected to the frame, for example, via screw connections. It is also possible to attach several carrier plates to the frame and to select these carrier plates according to the expected requirements when erecting a part of the building.
- the formwork element has several connectors, of which at least a part has a locking mechanism and a locking element and after the movement c) of the formwork facing until it rests on the formwork support, step d) actuating the locking mechanism and closing the locking element the connectors is carried out with a locking element.
- the formwork element comprises several connectors, at least one of which has a locking element for a form-fitting connection. The mode of operation of such a locking element is described in connection with the formwork element.
- steps a) to c) are first carried out until the formwork skin lies flat on the formwork support.
- this locking element is now closed for the connector or connectors which have a locking element, and a form fit is thus established between the formwork skin element and the carrier element.
- the locking mechanism is activated.
- a viscous connecting agent in particular an adhesive
- the viscous binding agent is applied after the movement c) of the Formwork skin hardens to formwork support and forms a material connection between formwork skin and formwork support.
- the connection between the formwork facing and the formwork support is reinforced by providing a materially bonded connection that acts in addition to the connector.
- a viscous connecting means for example an adhesive, is applied at least in some areas.
- This viscous connecting means can be applied to the formwork facing and / or to the formwork support. This application can take place, for example, by applying with a brush, by spraying on or by pressing out from a cartridge. After this application of the connecting means, the formwork facing and formwork support are connected to one another in accordance with step c). As a result of this pressing, the connecting means is distributed over a large area between the formlining and the formwork support. After pressing, the connecting means hardens and then forms a material connection between the formlining and the formwork support. This material connection is not reversible in the event of a separation of the formlining and the formwork girder. H. the material connection is destroyed in the event of a separation.
- At least one formwork facing element is connected to a formwork facing adapter and / or at least one support element is connected to a support adapter.
- a formwork facing adapter and / or a carrier adapter is arranged on the formwork carrier in order to facilitate the replacement of the formwork skin element or carrier element.
- all existing formwork elements and support elements are checked. If one or more of these elements shows increased wear or damage, these elements are simply replaced. Formlining adapter and Carrier adapters make this replacement easier. If a previously unused carrier element or a previously unused formlining is used, the corresponding connecting elements are initially attached.
- a method for separating a formwork facing from a formwork support of a formwork element comprising the steps
- This method is provided for separating a formwork skin from a formwork support according to one of the previously described embodiments of a formwork element.
- This method can be combined with the method described above for connecting the formwork facing and formwork support, in particular carried out alternately.
- the method for separating the formlining and formwork support is carried out in particular in the described sequence of steps I) to II).
- the formlining and formwork support are usually separated after the formwork element has been removed from the formwork, after a part of the building has been erected.
- a normal force acting away from the formwork support is applied to the formwork facing.
- This normal force required for separation is greater than the sum of the limit separation forces of all connectors that are arranged between the formlining and the formwork support.
- the formwork skin can be pulled away from the formwork support.
- a compressive force can be applied to the formwork facing away from the formwork carrier from the side of the formwork support facing away from the formwork facing.
- the formwork element has several connectors, of which at least a part has a locking mechanism and a locking element and, before applying I) the normal force to the formwork skin, step Ia) actuating the locking mechanism and opening the locking element with the connectors a locking element is carried out.
- the formwork element has one or more connectors which have a locking element for the additional form-fitting connection of the formwork skin and the formwork support.
- the locking element is transferred from the locking state to an open state in order to open or cancel the form fit between the formwork skin element and the carrier element provided by the locking element.
- the locking mechanism of the corresponding connector is actuated. After the locking state is canceled, the formwork skin is released by applying a normal force and removed from the formwork support.
- the formwork facing element is removed from or exchanged from the formwork facing adapter and / or the carrier element is removed from or exchanged from the carrier adapter.
- a formwork skin element and / or a carrier element is removed or replaced.
- Formwork skin element and carrier element are detachably connected to the formwork skin or formwork carrier.
- the formwork skin element and / or the carrier element is checked and, in particular, if there are signs of wear and tear, the formwork skin element and / or the carrier element is checked and replaced.
- the formwork skin and / or the formwork carrier and / or the connector are cleaned.
- a part or all of the elements and components of the formwork element are cleaned.
- the movable or elastically deformable areas of the formwork skin element and / or carrier element are cleaned at this point in time in order to prevent blocking which could possibly be caused by hardening concrete material residues.
- Fig. 1 is a schematic, perspective view of a formwork skin and a
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic, perspective view of an alternative embodiment of a formwork support with a support plate
- FIG. 3 shows a schematic, sectional side view of a connector of an embodiment of a formwork element according to the invention
- FIG. 4 shows a schematic, sectional side view of a carrier element of an alternative embodiment of a formwork element according to the invention
- FIG. 5 shows a schematic, sectional side view of a connector of a further embodiment of a formwork element according to the invention
- FIG. 6 shows a schematic, sectional side view of a connector of an alternative embodiment of a formwork element according to the invention
- FIG. 7 shows a schematic, sectional side view of part of an embodiment of a formwork element according to the invention with an edge element 8 shows a schematic, perspective view of an embodiment of a formwork facing with a formwork facing adapter and a formwork facing element
- FIG. 9 is a schematic, perspective view of an embodiment of a
- FIG. 10 shows a sectional side view of an embodiment of a formwork facing with a formwork facing adapter and a formwork facing element
- 11 is a plan view and a side view of an embodiment of a
- FIG. 12 shows a plan view of an embodiment of a formwork skin with several
- FIG. 13 shows a schematic, perspective view of a further embodiment of a
- Carrier element and a formlining element Carrier element and a formlining element
- FIG. 14 shows a partially sectioned, schematic side view of an embodiment of a connector
- 15 is a sectional side view of an alternative formwork element with a
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic, perspective view of a formwork skin 12 and a formwork support 11 according to an embodiment of a formwork element 1 according to the invention.
- the formwork element 1 comprises two main components, which in FIG. 1 are separated from one another are shown. These main components are, on the one hand, the formwork facing 12 shown on the left and, on the other hand, the formwork support 11 shown on the right.
- the surface of the formwork skin 12, which faces to the right in FIG. 1 and points to the formwork support 11, is the assembly side 122.
- the side of the formwork skin 12 facing to the left in FIG Erecting a building or part of a building facing the concrete material.
- the formlining 12 is built in multiple layers, it has here on the concrete side 121 on a coating which prevents undesired adhesion of concrete material on the surface of the concrete side.
- the formwork support 11 shown on the right in FIG. 1 here comprises a frame 111 which, in the embodiment shown, is made up of metal tubes with a square cross-section.
- the frame 11 here runs around the formwork support 11 and, for additional reinforcement, has in the middle a strut that runs from top to bottom in FIG. 1.
- the formwork support 11 or the frame 111 can of course also be built in other ways.
- the side of the formwork support 11 facing the formwork skin 12 is rectangular in shape. However, this shape can also be made square, for example.
- the formwork support 11 can also have an irregular shape, for example with a side edge arranged at an acute angle.
- the shape and size of the assembly side 122 and the side of the formwork support 11 facing the formwork skin are identical.
- the surface of the formwork support 11 facing the formwork skin 12 can also be selected to be larger than the assembly side 122.
- the formwork support 11 can be made twice as large as the assembly side 122.
- two formwork skins 12 can be connected to one formwork support 11.
- the assembly side 122 can also be made larger than the side of the formwork support 11 facing the formwork skin 12.
- a formwork skin 12 can be connected to several formwork girders 11. In the side of the formwork support 11 facing in the direction of the formwork skin 12, a plurality of support elements 131 are arranged, each of which is part of a connector 13.
- a formwork skin element 132 arranged on the formwork skin 12 forms a connector 13 together with a respective carrier element 131 arranged on the formwork carrier 11.
- a respective carrier element 131 arranged on the formwork carrier 11 In the embodiment in FIG they are arranged irregularly in the forward-facing area.
- four formwork skin elements 132 are regularly attached at constant distances from one another. The same applies to their counterparts, namely the four rear carrier elements 131 on the formwork carrier 11.
- These four connectors 13 are designed and dimensioned identically, which means that they have the same properties when connecting and separating. In this rearwardly facing area of formwork skin 12 and formwork support 11, the number of connectors 13 arranged per area is constant.
- the formwork skin 12 may inadvertently detach itself from the formwork support 11 in the edge area, since here the adhesive force between the formwork skin 12 and the hardened material Concrete material can exceed the limit separation force of the connector 13.
- the limit separation force per area can be increased.
- connectors 13 or formwork skin elements 132 of identical design are arranged at smaller distances from one another than in the middle area of the assembly side 122 the number of connectors 13 per area is thus greater than in the middle area of formwork skin 12 and formwork support 11.
- Another possibility of achieving a higher limit separating force per area is the arrangement of connectors 13, which are larger and thus each one individually have greater limiting separating force than connectors 13 arranged in the middle. In FIG. 1, such a larger-sized connector 13 is shown schematically in the lower left The corner of the formlining 12 and the formwork support 11 are arranged.
- FIG. 1 is shown schematically in the lower left The corner of the formlining 12 and the formwork support 11 are arranged.
- FIGS. 3 to 6 show various options for varying the limit separation force per area between the formwork facing 12 and the formwork support 11.
- formwork elements 1 with an increased limit separating force per area at their edges and corners have proven to be more suitable.
- This increased limit separating force per area can be achieved by the same but at a smaller distance from one another connector 13, by locally arranged connectors 13 with a higher limit separating force, or by a mixture of both concepts.
- connectors 13 with a higher limiting separating force can additionally have a locking element which increases the limiting separating force.
- FIGS. 3 to 6 Various embodiments of connectors 13 are shown and described in detail in FIGS. 3 to 6.
- Another possibility for increasing the limit separation force per area in the edge or corner area of the formwork element 1 is to introduce a further connecting means, for example an adhesive, in some areas between the assembly side 122 and the side of the formwork support 11 facing the formwork skin 12. At the points where such a connecting means is introduced, the limit separating force is additionally increased by this. A materially bonded connection provided by such a connecting means must, however, be destroyed when the formlining 12 is separated from the formwork support 11.
- a further connecting means for example an adhesive
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic, perspective view of an alternative embodiment of a formwork carrier 11 with a carrier plate 112.
- a formwork carrier 11 with a shape similar to the embodiment in FIG. 1 can be seen.
- the side of the formwork support 11 facing the formwork skin 12, which is not shown, is oriented upwards.
- a total of six carrier elements 131 are arranged on the frame 111 of the formwork carrier 11.
- the formwork carrier 11 in FIG. 2 has a carrier plate 112 which is inserted into the frame 111.
- the upwardly facing surface of the carrier plate 112 ends flush with the upwardly facing surface of the frame 111.
- the frame 111 has, adjacent to its surface oriented upwards and thus towards the formwork skin 12, a recess which is designed here as a shoulder.
- the carrier plate 112 rests on this shoulder and is attached to this shoulder, for example by screw connections.
- two carrier elements 131 are arranged here.
- connectors 13 are thus between the frame 111 and the Formwork skin 12, as well as connector 13 between the carrier plate 112 and the formwork skin 12 are provided.
- the carrier plate 112 thus increases the available surface area in order to arrange connectors 13 between the formwork carrier 11 and the formwork skin 12.
- the carrier plate 112 inserted into the frame 111 mechanically reinforces the formwork carrier 11. As can be seen in FIG.
- the carrier plate 112 does not fill the entire area within the frame 111. It is thus possible to insert further carrier plates 112 or a larger-sized carrier plate 112 into the frame 111.
- the carrier plate 112 can thus be selected and connected to the frame 111 in accordance with the requirements that exist for the erection of a part of the building.
- FIG. 3 shows a schematic, sectional side view of a connector 13 of an embodiment of a formwork element 1 according to the invention.
- FIG. 3 details of an embodiment of a connector 13 are shown.
- an edge region of the formwork skin 12 is shown in section.
- the formwork skin element 132 is arranged on the assembly side 122.
- the actual formwork skin element 132 is shown in the still dismantled state from the formwork skin 12.
- the formwork skin 12 is provided with an annular formwork skin adapter 14a.
- the formwork facing adapter 14a is attached in the assembly side 122 and ends flush with the assembly side 122.
- the formwork facing adapter 14a here has an external thread on its outer circumference, which is connected to the formwork facing 12.
- the formwork skin 12 is constructed here from a wood material.
- the formwork facing adapter 14a is connected to the formwork facing 12 with its external thread designed as a self-tapping thread.
- the formwork facing adapter 14a has an internal thread which is provided for connection to the formwork facing element 132.
- This internal thread can be designed, for example, as a metric thread or as a fine thread.
- the formwork skin element 132 has a formwork skin attachment area 1323 at its end facing to the left. This formwork facing area 1323 is provided with an external thread which is designed to match the internal thread in the formwork facing adapter 14a.
- the formwork facing element 132 can thus be connected to the formwork facing adapter 14a in a simple manner with the aid of the formwork facing area 1323.
- the formwork skin element 132 can also be separated again in a simple manner from the formwork skin adapter 14a and thus from the formwork skin 12 by unscrewing it.
- These Embodiment favors a quick and easy exchange of the formwork skin element 132, for example in the case in which the formwork skin element 132 is worn.
- the formwork skin element 132 also has a shaft 1321.
- the formwork facing area 1323 is arranged at one end of this shaft 1321.
- the connecting head 1322 is located at the opposite end of the shaft 1321.
- the shaft 1321 has a central axis, which is shown in dashed lines in FIG.
- connection head 1322 is used for the non-positive and positive connection of the formwork skin element 132 with the carrier element 131.
- the connection head 1322 has two bending areas 13221 arranged symmetrically to one another or symmetrically to the central axis of the shaft 1321. These bending areas 13221 are designed to be elastically deformable and are compressed in the radial direction when the formwork skin element 1322 is inserted in the direction of the central axis of the shaft 1321. This compression creates an elastic restoring force in the bending areas 13221, which ultimately brings about the cohesion between the formwork skin element 132 and the carrier element 131.
- an edge region of the formwork support 11 is shown in section.
- a carrier element 131 is shown in a state that has already been partially connected to the formwork carrier 11.
- Arranged and fastened in the formwork support 11 is an annular support adapter 14b.
- This carrier adapter 14b has an external thread on its outer circumference which is screwed into a recess in the formwork carrier 11.
- the carrier adapter 14b On its inner circumference, has an internal thread which is provided for connection to the carrier element 131.
- the carrier element 131 has a carrier attachment region 1313 at its end facing to the right, which is embodied here as an external thread.
- the carrier element 131 or the carrier attachment area 1313 is screwed approximately one third into the carrier adapter 14b here.
- the carrier element 131 is completely screwed into the carrier adapter 14b until the carrier element 131 rests against the right-facing edge of the recess in the formwork carrier 11.
- the left-facing surface of the carrier element 131 also ends flush with the left-facing surface of the rest of the formwork support 11.
- the carrier element 131 has in the illustrated Embodiment a cavity 1311.
- the shape and size of this cavity 1311 essentially corresponds to the shape and size of the connecting head 1322 and is provided to accommodate this connecting head 1322.
- the inner diameter of the cavity 1311 which is related to the central axis of the shaft 1321, is advantageously made somewhat smaller than the outer diameter of the connecting head 1322.
- the bending areas 13221 of the connecting head 1322 are elastically compressed in the inserted state into the cavity 1311 and develop an elastic restoring force, which for holds the connection head 1322 in the cavity 1311.
- a plug-in recess 1312 which is cylindrical in this case, is arranged. In the state shown, the central axis of this plug-in recess 1312 runs coaxially with the central axis of the shaft 1321.
- the inside diameter of the plug-in recess 1312 is made smaller than the largest inside diameter of the cavity 1311. There is thus an undercut at the transition between the plug-in recess 1312 and the cavity 1311.
- this undercut interacts with the left-facing surface of the connection head 1322 and thus forms, in addition to the force-fit connection already described, a form-fit connection between the two elements.
- the carrier element 131 is designed to be rigid. In an alternative embodiment, however, elastically deformable regions can also be provided on the carrier element 131.
- Several functional surfaces are arranged on the formlining element 132 and carrier element 131 for setting or defining the limit connection force and the limit separation force.
- the connecting head 1322 On its side facing in the direction of the carrier element 131, the connecting head 1322 has an insertion surface 132211 on each bending area 13221, which here is arranged at an acute angle to the central axis of the shaft 1321.
- this insertion surface 132211 interacts with a socket insertion surface 13121 arranged on the left side of the plug-in recess 1312, which is also arranged at an angle to the central axis of the shaft 1321.
- the two bending areas 13221 are compressed in the radial direction, whereby the outer diameter of the connecting head 1322 is reduced.
- the connection head 1322 now fits through the plug-in recess 1312 and can be pushed into the cavity 1311.
- the bending areas 13221 are elastically set back until they rest against the outer diameter of the cavity 1311. In this state, the formwork skin element 132 and the carrier element 131 are both non-positively and positively connected to one another.
- the bending areas 13221 press radially outward against the wall of the cavity 1311 and thus ensure a frictional connection.
- the surfaces of the elastically restored bending areas 13221 facing to the left in the illustration also rest against the undercut in the vicinity of the connection point between the plug-in recess 1312 and the cavity 1311 and thus additionally form a form fit.
- the connection between the formwork skin element 132 and the carrier element 131 is reversible, ie the formwork skin element 132 can be pulled out of the carrier element 131 without being destroyed.
- a tensile force directed to the left in the illustration is applied to the formwork skin element 132 in the direction of the central axis of the shaft 1321.
- a separating surface 132212 arranged on the connection head 1322 rests against a socket separating surface 13122 arranged in the transition area between the plug-in recess 1312 and the cavity 1311.
- These two functional surfaces are also arranged at an angle to the central axis of the shaft 1321.
- the boundary separating force and the boundary connecting force of the connector can be adapted to the needs of the current application.
- the formwork facing element 132 and carrier element 131 can be exchanged particularly easily with the formwork facing adapter 14a and the carrier adapter 14b.
- a different pairing of formwork skin element 132 and carrier element 131 can easily be used if this is necessary for the specific application on the construction site.
- the embodiment of a connector 13 shown in FIG. 3 is not susceptible to thickness tolerances or to swelling and shrinking of the formwork skin 12 in the direction of the thickness.
- Common materials for a formlining 12 are wood-based materials, which are dependent on the Moisture in their surroundings can swell or shrink. When the moisture content is high, wood-based materials tend to swell, i.e. their dimensions increase in the direction of their thickness. In a dry environment, wood-based materials tend to shrink, i.e. their dimensions decrease in the direction of their thickness.
- the formwork skin element 132 is arranged entirely on the edge of the formwork skin 12 pointing to the right.
- a change in the thickness of the formwork skin 12 has hardly any effect when the connector 13 is closed and the formwork skin element 132 is inserted into the carrier element 131.
- the change in thickness of the formwork skin 12 takes place in the direction of the side of the formwork skin 12 facing away from the connector 13, to the left in FIG. 3. Changes in the thickness of the formwork skin 12 therefore do not affect the connection between the formwork skin element 132 and the carrier element 131.
- FIG. 4 shows a schematic, sectional side view of a carrier element 131 of an alternative embodiment of a formwork element 1 according to the invention.
- the carrier element 131 shown can be connected, for example, to a formwork skin element 132 according to the embodiment shown in FIG. 3.
- the carrier element 131 in FIG. 4 has two movably arranged locking elements 1314 which can bring about an additional form fit between the formwork skin element 132 and the carrier element 131. Due to this additional form fit, a higher limit separating force can be achieved with a carrier element 131 according to the embodiment in FIG.
- the carrier element 131 in FIG. 4 is direct, ie without carrier adapter 14b, with the formwork carrier 11 connected. This connection can be made, for example, by a press fit.
- the carrier element 131 in FIG. 4 has a cavity 1311 and a plug-in recess 1312.
- a socket insertion surface 13121 is arranged on the edge of the plug recess 1312 oriented towards the outer surface of the carrier element 131.
- a socket separating surface 13122 is arranged on the side of the plug-in recess 1312 facing the cavity 1311.
- two recesses Adjacent to the plug-in recess 1312, facing upwards and downwards in the illustration, two recesses are arranged, in which two locking elements 1314 are movably mounted.
- the mobility of these locking elements 1314 is symbolically represented by a double arrow.
- the locking elements 1314 In a locked state, the locking elements 1314 can be moved into the plug-in recess and thus reduce the clear width of the plug-in recess 1312.
- One or more locking elements 1314 can also be arranged adjacent and movable relative to the cavity 1311. To connect the formwork skin element 132 and the carrier element 131, the two locking elements 1314 are moved back into their recesses so that they do not protrude into the plug-in recess 1312.
- the formwork skin element 132 In this open state, the formwork skin element 132, as described with reference to FIG. 3, can be inserted into the carrier element 131. If the formwork skin element 132 is inserted into the carrier element 131, the locking elements 1314, as shown in FIG. 4, are moved into the plug-in recess 1312 and then form an undercut for the connecting head 1322 of the formwork skin element 132 an additional form fit between the formwork skin element 132 and the carrier element 131 is generated, as a result of which the limit separating force of the connector 13 is increased. To move the locking elements 1314, at least one locking mechanism 1315 is provided. This locking mechanism 1315 translates an actuating movement into a movement of the locking elements 1314. In FIG.
- locking mechanism 1315 Arranged running to the right in the illustration is a locking mechanism 1315 which is accessible from the side of the formwork support 11 facing away from the formwork skin 12.
- the locking mechanism 1315 comprises a shaft which is provided with a key area at its end facing to the right. An operator can turn this key area with an appropriate tool or by hand. This rotary movement is translated into a movement of the locking elements 1314 via the shaft of the locking mechanism 1315.
- the locking mechanism 1315 can also be designed such that a translational movement, as symbolized by the double arrow in the dashed area, moves the locking elements 1314.
- Such a translational movement can be carried out more easily by an operator than a rotary movement.
- An alternative arrangement of the locking mechanism 1315 is shown oriented downwards, starting from the carrier element 131.
- This illustration shows a structure analogous to the illustration pointing to the right and shows with solid lines a locking mechanism 1315 which is actuated by a rotary movement and in dashed lines a locking mechanism 1315 which is actuated by a translational movement. Only one of the locking mechanisms 1315 shown can also be provided. The location of the locking mechanism 1315 depends on from which side the locking mechanism 1315 should be accessible. Of course, other arrangements and accessibility of the locking mechanism 1315 are also conceivable, for example starting from the carrier element 131 upwards in the direction of the boundary of the formwork carrier 11.
- a locking mechanism 1315 can also be remote-controlled, for example by radio. In such a remote-controllable embodiment, no direct access to the locking mechanism 1315 is required, which has advantages in poorly accessible areas when building parts of a building.
- FIG. 5 shows a schematic, sectional side view of a connector 13 of a further embodiment of a formwork element 1 according to the invention
- the carrier element 131 arranged on the right-hand side on the formwork carrier 11 is projected and comprises a cylindrical shaft 134 and a connecting head 135 protruding over this shaft 134.
- the carrier element 131 does not have a cavity and is not designed to be elastically deformable Areas.
- the carrier element 131 is connected with one end of its shaft 134 to the formwork carrier 11 via a screw connection. Of course, this connection can also be designed differently, for example as a press connection or as an adhesive connection.
- the shaft 134 of the carrier element 131 has a central axis which, in FIG.
- the connecting head 135 of the carrier element 131 is not designed to be rotationally symmetrical about its central axis.
- the connection head 135 can be introduced into the undercut cavity 136 of the formwork skin element 132.
- the formwork skin element 132 is arranged completely within the formwork skin 12 and does not protrude beyond it anywhere.
- the formwork skin 12 has a continuous recess in which the formwork skin element 132 is arranged.
- This recess is accessible both from the concrete side 121 and from the assembly side 122.
- the recess is covered by a cover 138.
- This cover 138 can be removed from the recess in a simple manner.
- the cover 138 can be designed, for example, as a plastic cap, which with the help of a flat Screwdriver can be pried off the concrete side 121.
- the cover 138 is designed in such a way that it does not protrude or protrudes only very little over the surface of the concrete side 121. This ensures that when a part of the building is produced with the aid of the formwork skin 12, no unwanted imprint, which is caused by the cover 138, is produced on the part of the building produced.
- the formwork skin element 132 has an undercut cavity 136 facing to the right.
- This undercut cavity 136 is designed to be essentially cylindrical and hollow on the inside.
- a barrier wall 136a is arranged circumferentially in the circumferential direction.
- This barrier wall 136a has a varying barrier height 136b in the circumferential direction.
- This blocking height 136b runs in each case from the outer circumference of the undercut cavity 136 in the direction of the central axis shown in dashed lines.
- the barrier height 136b increases continuously in the circumferential direction around the undercut cavity 136.
- the barrier wall 136a with its variable barrier height 136b is used for a positive connection with the flattened connection head 135 of the carrier element 131. If the formwork skin 12 and the formwork carrier 11 are brought together in the state shown in FIG undercut cavity 136 are moved. By rotating the undercut cavity 136 and the blocking wall 136a arranged thereon, the connecting head 135 protruding beyond the shaft 134 is undercut by the blocking wall 136a and thus locked in the undercut cavity 136 in a form-fitting manner. As a result, the formwork skin element 132 is interlocked with the carrier element 131 and thus the connector 13 formed from these elements.
- a rotation of the formwork skin element 132 arranged in the formwork skin 12 is initiated via the key area 137 pointing in the direction of the concrete side 121.
- This key area can be turned from the concrete side 121, for example with a tool such as a wrench.
- a rotary movement applied to the key area 137 is transmitted to the undercut cavity 136 through the shaft 137a.
- the locking height 136b of the undercut cavity 136 is changed relative to the connection head 135 and the connector 13 is locked or, in the opposite direction, is unlocked.
- the formwork skin element 132 extends in the thickness direction of the formwork skin 12 almost through the entire formwork skin 12 through. Changes in the thickness of the formlining 12, which can arise, for example, as a result of swelling or shrinking of the material from which the formwork facing 12 is made, thus have an effect on the formwork facing element 132. If the thickness of the formwork skin 12 increases, the formwork skin element 132 can become jammed between the key area 137 and the undercut cavity 136.
- a compensating element is expediently arranged on or in the shaft 137a, which enables the shaft 137a to change its length within certain limits. Changes in the thickness of the formlining 12 can be compensated for by this compensation element and thus ensure stable functionality of the formwork facing element 132 even when the formwork facing 12 swells or shrinks.
- Such a compensating element can contain resilient elements, for example.
- FIG. 6 shows a schematic, sectional side view of a connector 13 of an alternative embodiment of a formwork element 1 according to the invention.
- FIG. 6 shows a connector 13 which differs from the embodiments already described.
- the formwork skin element 132 and the carrier element 131 are of identical design and essentially correspond to the carrier element 131 shown and described in FIG. 3.
- Both the formwork skin element 132 and the carrier element 131 are designed to be rigid and do not include any elastically deformable areas.
- the formwork skin element 132 and the carrier element 131 are connected directly to the formwork skin 12 and to the formwork carrier 11, respectively.
- the carrier element 131 is dimensioned larger than the formwork skin element 132.
- the formwork skin element 132 and carrier element 131 are made here from a low-wear material, for example from metal or a hard plastic.
- the connector 13 further comprises an intermediate element 133.
- This intermediate element 133 has two connection heads 133a and 133b, which are each fastened on one side of a shaft 133c arranged between them.
- the connecting head 133a facing to the left is designed to be smaller than the connecting head 133b facing to the right.
- the left-facing, smaller connection head 133a is provided for connection to the smaller-dimensioned formwork skin element 132 and the larger connection head 133b, which faces to the right, is provided for connection to the larger-dimensioned carrier element 131.
- connection head 1322 has two elastically deformable bending areas, which are elastically deformed when inserted into the formwork skin element 132 and the carrier element 131 and thereby produce a non-positive and positive connection.
- the intermediate element 133 is made of an elastically deformable plastic.
- the formwork skin element 132 and the carrier element 131 are essentially wear-free and can remain permanently in the formwork skin 12 or in the formwork carrier 12.
- the connection between the carrier element 131 and the intermediate element 133 is dimensioned larger and thus has a higher limit separating force than the connection between the formwork skin element 132 and the intermediate element 133.
- FIG. 7 shows a schematic, sectional side view of part of an embodiment of a formwork element 1 according to the invention with an edge element 15 the right side, facing downwards in the illustration, part of the frame 111 of a formwork support 11 is shown.
- the frame 111 On its upwardly facing side, the frame 111 has a protruding guide strip 1111 here.
- This guide bar 1111 can complete the entire frame 111 or partially circulate.
- Adjacent to the guide strip 1111 is a planar area of the frame 111 in which a carrier element 131 is arranged.
- Such a carrier plate can also be seen in FIG. 2 and is described for this purpose.
- the carrier plate 112 has a circumferential projection which corresponds in size and shape to the shoulder in the frame 111.
- the carrier plate 112 is inserted into the frame 111 with this projection and is connected to it here via screw connections.
- the carrier plate 112 is used to mechanically stabilize the formwork carrier 11 and to enlarge the surface area of the formwork carrier 11, which faces the formwork skin 12.
- a carrier element 131 is also arranged in the carrier plate 112.
- the carrier element 131 in the carrier plate 112 is dimensioned smaller and thus has a lower limit separating force than the carrier element 131 arranged in the frame 111.
- a connector 13 with a higher limiting separating force is arranged in the edge region of the formwork support 11 than the connector 13, which is arranged in the middle area of the formwork carrier in the carrier plate 112.
- This arrangement has proven to be particularly advantageous in practice, since when removing the formwork element 1 after a part of the building has been erected, the adhesive force of the formwork skin 12 on the erected part of the building is greater in the edge area of the formwork element 1 than in its center, Edge area can lead to an unwanted detachment of the formwork skin 12 from the formwork support 11.
- the limit separation force per area between the formwork skin 12 and the formwork support 11 is greater in its edge and corner area than in the central area.
- This formwork skin 12 is designed in multiple layers and has a coating on its concrete side 121.
- the formwork skin 12 On the assembly side 122, the formwork skin 12 has a shoulder 124 running around the outer circumference, this shoulder 124 having a shape complementary to the guide strip 1111 of the frame 111. This means that the guide bar 1111 fits into the shoulder 124.
- This form fit facilitates the connection or positioning of the formwork skin 12 relative to the formwork carrier 11.
- Two formwork skin elements 132 are arranged on the downwardly facing assembly side 122 of the formwork skin 12, which correspond to the correspondingly opposite carrier element in 131 and each form a connector 13.
- an edge element 15 is placed on the edges arranged on the circumference of the formwork skin 12.
- This edge element 15 is designed like a strip and made of an elastic deformable material, for example a thermoplastic or a rubber.
- the edge element 15 serves on the one hand to mechanically protect the formwork skin 12 during transport and assembly of the formwork element 1.
- the edge element 15 serves to seal the formwork skin 12 of a formwork element 1 relative to the formwork skin 12 of a further formwork element 1 arranged adjacent to it in the formwork such adjacently arranged further formwork element 1 can be arranged axes symmetrically to the boundary of the edge element 15 pointing to the right.
- the two edge elements 15 of adjacent formwork elements 1 rest against one another. Their elastic properties ensure a good seal between the adjacent formwork skins 12. With such a good seal, a very high surface quality, which can be expressed in a high class of exposed concrete, can be achieved on the part of the building to be erected.
- the edge element 15 ends flush with the concrete side 121 in the direction of the thickness of the formwork skin 12. The edge element 15 can, however, also protrude over the formwork skin 12 in the direction of the concrete side 121 and / or the opposite direction.
- FIG. 8 shows a schematic, perspective view of an embodiment of a formwork skin 12 with a formwork skin adapter 14a and a formwork skin element 132.
- the edge region of a formwork skin 12 can be seen.
- the mounting side 122 is facing upwards in the illustration, facing upwards the peripheral edge 123 can be seen.
- the formwork skin 12 here consists of a multi-layer plywood panel with a coating applied over a large area on the concrete side 121 and on the assembly side 122.
- the formwork facing adapter 14a is thereby formed as a plastic part and is fastened in a form-fitting manner directly adjacent to the edge 123 of the formwork facing 12 on the assembly side 122.
- the formwork skin 12 has a recess with an undercut into which the edge region of the formwork skin adapter 14a engages.
- This recess is formed here by a cutout with a dovetail-shaped edge area.
- the interaction of the shapes of the recess and the formwork facing adapter 14a can be seen in detail in the sectional view in FIG. 10.
- the formwork facing adapter 14a was pushed into the undercut recess in the formwork facing 12 by a linear sliding movement in the direction of the arrow shown adjacent to the formwork facing adapter.
- the formwork facing adapter 14a Due to the interaction of the undercut and a correspondingly negatively shaped sub-area of the formwork facing adapter 14a, a form fit is created between the two elements, which acts in a direction perpendicular to the mounting side 122 and thus prevents a separation of the formwork skin 12 and the formwork skin adapter 14a in this direction.
- the formwork facing adapter 14a has a rectangular area facing forward in the illustration and a rearward area with rounded corners in the illustration. This shape is particularly favorable because it completely fills a recess which was produced with a profile milling cutter rotating in an axis perpendicular to the mounting side 122.
- the upwardly facing surface of the formwork facing adapter 14a ends flush with the assembly side 122 or is set back with respect to the assembly side 122.
- the formwork facing adapter 14a has a recess 14al in its interior, into which the formwork facing element 132 is introduced in a form-fitting manner.
- This recess 14al has an undercut on its right and left side in the illustration, into which a partial area of the formwork skin element 132 is introduced.
- a form fit is also formed between the formwork facing adapter 14a and the formwork facing element 132, which acts in a direction perpendicular to the mounting side 122.
- the formwork skin element 132 is mounted in the formwork skin adapter 14a by a linear insertion movement of the formwork skin element 132 into the recess 14al, which also takes place in the direction of the arrow shown adjacent to the formwork skin adapter 14a.
- the connection between the formwork facing element 132 and the formwork facing adapter 14a is reversible, that is, the formwork facing element 132 can be exchanged in a simple manner, for example in the event that it is worn out due to repeated use.
- the formwork skin element 132 can also be removed, stacked on top of one another, for example, before a plurality of formwork skins 12 are transported, in order to facilitate the stacking of the formwork skins 12.
- the formwork skin element 132 Before the formwork skins 12 are put into operation, the formwork skin element 132 can then be reconnected to the formwork skin adapter 14a by a simple sliding movement.
- the formwork skin element 132 is also formed from plastic.
- two holding tongues 14a2 are provided which are designed to be elastically deformable relative to the rest of the formwork facing adapter 14a.
- the two holding tongues 14a2 are again bent elastically upwards, as a result of which the formwork facing element 132 can be pulled out of the recess 14a1.
- the holding tongues 14a2 are not absolutely necessary.
- An alternative securing of the formwork facing element S132 in the formwork facing adapter 14a can be achieved, for example, by providing a slight press fit between the formwork facing element 132 and the undercut recess 14al in addition to the form fit. As a result of this press fit, the formwork facing element 132 can then only be pulled out of the formwork facing adapter 14a by overcoming an increased pushing force. Such a mechanism can also prevent the formwork skin element 132 from accidentally falling out of the recess 14al.
- FIG. 9 shows a schematic, perspective view of an embodiment of a formwork skin element 132.
- the formwork skin element 132 from FIG. 8 is shown separately.
- This formwork skin element 132 has a connection head 1322 in the illustration above and a shaft 1321 in the illustration below.
- the shaft 1321 corresponds to the formwork facing area 1323, since the connection of the formwork facing element 132 to the formwork facing 12 takes place via the formwork facing adapter 14a and the shaft 1321 as interfaces.
- the connection of the formwork facing element 132 to the formwork facing adapter 14a in FIG. 8 takes place via the shaft 1321.
- the shaft 1321 here has three wings 1321a which form subregions which are introduced into the undercut of the recess 14al in the formwork facing adapter 14a and thus form a positive fit therewith to be brought.
- the three wings 1321a are regularly distributed around the circumference of the shaft, here at an angle of 120 ° to each other with respect to the center of the shaft 1321.
- Between the wings 1321a interruptions are arranged in the circumferential direction. These interruptions enable the formwork facing element 132 shown to be connected to a formwork facing adapter 14a as shown in FIG.
- These bending areas 13221 are elastically deformable relative to the shaft 1321.
- each bending area 13221 When the formwork skin element 132 is connected to a carrier element 131, the bending areas 13221 are bent elastically inward in the direction of the central axis of the formwork skin element 132.
- Each bending area 13221 has a curved insertion surface 132211 pointing upwards on its outer circumference. This insertion surface 132211 rests at least in some areas on the carrier element 131 when the connection to a carrier element 131 is established.
- Each bending area 13221 has a separating surface 132212, which is also curved, at a distance from the insertion surface 132211.
- the curvature of the separating surface 132212 points in the opposite direction to the curvature of the insertion surface 132211 or has an opposite sign.
- the separating surface 132212 rests on the carrier element 131 at least in some areas.
- a tensile force is applied to the formwork skin element 132 perpendicular to the assembly side
- the curvature of the separating surface 132212 causes a radial force to be generated towards the central axis of the formwork skin element 132, as a result of which the bending area 13221 is bent inward.
- This elastic deformation reduces the outer circumference of the connection head 1322 again, so that it can be pulled out of the carrier element 131.
- the illustrated embodiment of a formwork skin element 132 can thus be connected to or separated from a carrier element 131 simply by applying a normal force perpendicular to the mounting side 122. A tool or the like is not required here to make or break the connection.
- the insertion surface 132211 and the separating surface 132212 can also be designed flat and inclined instead of the curved design shown, with the surfaces in such a flat design being arranged at an angle to the central axis or to a direction perpendicular to the mounting side.
- the insertion surface 132211 and the separating surface 132212, as well as the interaction of these surfaces with the carrier element 131 behave analogously to the embodiment in FIG. 3.
- An alternative embodiment of a connection head 1322 and thus a formwork skin element 132 is shown in FIG.
- FIG. 10 shows a sectional side view of an embodiment of a formwork skin 12 with a formwork skin adapter 14a and a formwork skin element 132.
- a detail similar to that in FIG. 8 can be seen.
- a formwork skin element 132 according to FIG. 9 is installed in the formwork facing adapter 14a in FIG. 8, in the sectional view in FIG. 10 a differently designed formwork skin element 132 is inserted into the formwork facing adapter 14a.
- the formwork skin element 132 in FIG. 10 also comprises a connection head 1322 with several bending areas 13221.
- These bending areas 13221 each have an insertion surface 132211, which is also provided here for a force acting in a direction perpendicular to the assembly side 122 in a radial direction to the central axis of the formwork skin element of the 132 acting force, which then bends the bending area 13221 inward.
- the formwork skin element 132 in FIG. 10 has a holding surface 132213 oriented parallel to the assembly side 122. In a state of the formwork skin element 132 directly connected to a carrier element 131 or the formwork carrier 11, the holding surface 132213 rests flat on a surface of the formwork carrier 11 or the carrier element 131 or is arranged at a small distance parallel to it.
- the formwork facing adapter 14a which is also dovetail-shaped in this view, is inserted into this recess.
- On the right and left are the sloping outer surfaces of the formwork skin adapter 14a on equally inclined inner surfaces of the recess, whereby a form fit is formed in the undercut of the recess.
- the formwork skin adapter 14a can therefore no longer be removed from the sound skin 14 in a direction perpendicular to the mounting side 122, upward in the illustration, and is thus fixed.
- the planar surface of the formwork facing adapter 14a facing away from the formwork skin element 132 rests on a planar surface of the recess in the formwork skin 12 facing in the direction of the assembly side 122.
- the formwork facing adapter 14a thus rests against the recess in the formwork facing 12 with three planar surfaces which are oriented in different directions.
- the sectional view also clearly shows that the recess 14al is arranged in the interior of the formwork facing adapter 14a and has an undercut on the right and left.
- a wing 1321a of the shaft 1321 of the formwork facing element 132 is introduced into each of these undercuts, whereby a form fit is also formed between the formwork facing adapter 14a and the formwork facing element 132.
- the wings 1321a represent partial areas of the formwork facing element 132.
- a formwork facing element 132 according to the embodiment shown in FIG. 9 can of course also be introduced.
- FIG. 11 shows a top view and a side view of an embodiment of a formwork facing adapter 132.
- two views of a formwork facing adapter 14a are shown, at the top in a top view and at the bottom in a side view.
- the formwork facing adapter 14a here corresponds to an alternative embodiment to the embodiments in FIGS. 8 and 10.
- the embodiment of a formwork facing adapter 14a shown in FIG. 11 is connected to the formwork facing 12 (not shown) by a press-fit connection.
- a recess without an undercut is first made in the assembly side 122 of the formwork skin 12, which recess is delimited by boundary walls running perpendicular to the assembly side.
- a cylindrical recess with a flat inner bottom is made, for example milled, in the formwork facing.
- the formwork facing adapter 14a is then pressed into the recess in a direction perpendicular to the mounting side 122.
- the outer diameter of the shuttering adapter 14a is slightly larger than the inner diameter of the recess. Pressing in creates a non-positive connection, by means of which the formwork facing adapter 14a is fixed in the formwork facing 12 in a direction perpendicular to the assembly side 122. This flow of force is achieved by a press fit in produced a plane parallel to the mounting side 122.
- the formwork facing adapter 14a on its outer circumference here has several ribs with insertion bevels which facilitate the positioning and the pressing into the formwork facing 12.
- the upwardly pointing end of the formwork facing adapter 14a is open, so that a formwork facing element, for example according to the embodiment shown in FIG. 9, can be introduced into this opening.
- the top view above the side view shown in FIG. 11 corresponds to the folding rule and shows the formwork facing adapter 14a with its closed side arranged at the bottom in the side view. The inner contour is therefore shown in dashed lines in the top view.
- the formwork facing adapter 14a also has a recess in its interior, which here is essentially cylindrical.
- the three retaining ribs 14a3 protrude from the inner wall of the recess radially into the interior of the recess. Between the retaining ribs 14a3 and the inner bottom surface of the recess in the formwork facing adapter 14a, an undercut is formed in each case, which can be brought into a form fit with a partial area of the formwork facing element 132.
- the three holding ribs 14a3 are arranged regularly spaced apart from one another in the circumferential direction on the inner circumference of the formwork facing adapter 14a. In relation to the center point of the formwork facing adapter 14a in the top view, the three holding ribs 14a3 are each oriented at an angle of 120 ° to one another.
- the three wings 1321a of the formwork facing element 132 from FIG. 9 can be pushed into the recess in the formwork facing adapter 14a between the three retaining ribs 14a3.
- a form fit between formwork facing adapter 14a and formwork facing element 132 can be established, similar to a bayonet lock.
- the formwork facing element 132 is fixed in the formwork facing adapter 14a in a direction perpendicular to the assembly side 122.
- This rotary movement for assembling and disassembling the formwork skin element 132 can easily be carried out by hand, whereby the formwork skin element 132 can easily be exchanged.
- FIG. 12 shows a top view of an embodiment of a formwork skin 12 with a plurality of formwork skin adapters 14a.
- Fig. 12 is a formwork skin in a plan view of the assembly side 122 to see.
- the entire formwork skin 12 can be seen on the left-hand side, and a detailed view of the area marked with a circle on the left-hand side is shown on the right-hand side.
- different formwork facing adapters 14a are introduced on the upper left edge.
- several already prepared recesses A can be seen.
- the built-in formwork facing adapters 14a are described using the detailed view shown on the right.
- formwork skin adapters 14a At the edges of the formwork skin 12, directly adjacent to the edges, two formwork skin adapters 14a according to the embodiment shown in FIG. 8 are arranged. These formwork skin adapters 14a are pushed into the formwork skin 12 from the edge and, in the state shown, are fixed by a form fit with the formwork skin 12 in a direction perpendicular to the assembly side 122. In these formwork facing adapters 14a arranged on the edge, formwork facing elements 132 can be inserted and removed again in a simple manner by a sliding movement. For example, formwork skin elements 132 according to the embodiment shown in FIG. 9 can be pushed into this formwork skin adapter 14a.
- FIG. 12 At a distance from the edge of the formwork skin 12, another formwork skin adapter 14a can be seen, which is not directly adjacent to the edge.
- This formwork facing adapter 14a which is spaced apart from the edge, is designed according to FIG. 11 and is connected to the formwork facing 12 via a press-fit connection.
- a formwork skin element 132 can be pushed into the formwork skin adapter 14a, which is spaced from the edge, in a direction perpendicular to the mounting side 122 and can be positively connected to the formwork skin adapter 14a via a rotary movement about an axis perpendicular to the mounting side 122.
- the number and distribution of formwork facing adapters 14a shown in FIG. 12 is exemplary.
- a different number of formwork facing adapters 14a can also be provided, and the distribution of formwork facing adapters 14a over the formwork facing can also be designed differently.
- several formwork facing adapters 14a according to FIG. 11 can be provided in a press-fit connection at a distance from the edge.
- formwork facing adapters 14a according to the embodiment shown in FIG. 8 can also be connected to formwork facing 12 in a form-fitting manner spaced from the edge. For such a connection, an insertion area is required in the formwork skin 12, through which a recess with an undercut can first be created in the formwork skin 12 and then a formwork skin adapter 14a can be inserted positively into the formwork skin 12.
- both formwork skin adapters 14a according to the embodiment shown in FIG. 8 and also according to the embodiment shown in FIG. 11 are arranged at a distance from the edge of the formwork facing.
- formwork facing adapter 14a according to the embodiment in FIG. 11 can also be directly adjacent to the edge of the Formwork skin 12 can be connected to formwork skin 12 in a press-fit connection.
- a state can be seen which arises during the assembly of the formwork facing adapter 14a in the formwork facing 12.
- the formwork facing adapters 14a are already connected to the formwork facing; in the remaining area of the formwork facing 12, the prepared recesses A are still unequipped.
- Formwork facing adapters 14a can be introduced into all prepared recesses A. In addition, it is also possible to arrange formwork facing adapter 14a only in some of the prepared recesses A. Finally, further recesses A can be added at other locations and provided with formwork facing adapters 14a.
- the formwork facing adapters 14a and their connection to the formwork facing 12 are preferably designed in such a way that they remain connected to the formwork facing 12 over the entire life cycle thereof. Significant wear and tear when a formwork 12 is exchanged and remodeled occurs due to the connector 13 according to the invention only on the formwork skin element 132, which is very easily exchangeable.
- FIG. 13 shows a schematic, perspective view of a further embodiment of a carrier element 131 and a formwork skin element 132.
- a further embodiment of a connector 13 is shown.
- a carrier element 131 and a formwork skin element 132 are shown in the non-assembled state.
- the formwork skin element 132 can be seen, which has a shaft 1321 arranged at the bottom and a connecting head 1322 pointing upward.
- the shaft 1321 corresponds to the formwork facing area 1323, since the connection of the formwork facing element 132 to the formwork facing 12 takes place via the formwork facing adapter 14a and the shaft 1321 as interfaces.
- the connecting head 1322 here has four bending areas 13221 which are regularly distributed around the central axis of the formwork skin element 132.
- the four bending areas 13221 enclose a bending recess 13222.
- the bending areas 13221 are elastically deformed.
- the shaft 1321 is designed as a closed circular disk. The outer edge area of this circular disk can be pushed into a formwork facing adapter 14a according to the embodiment from FIG. 8, for example.
- the resulting form fit can the formwork skin element 132 can be connected to the formwork skin 12 in a simple manner by such a formwork skin adapter 14a.
- the formwork skin element 132 can therefore also be easily exchanged in this embodiment.
- the carrier element 131 shown on the left is intended for direct connection, that is to say preferably without a carrier adapter 14b arranged in between, with the formwork carrier 11.
- Arranged in the center in the carrier element 131 is a gripping area 1316 which protrudes over adjacent areas. This gripping area 1316 is encompassed by the bending areas 13221 when it is connected to the formwork skin element 132. With such a connection, the gripping area 1316 penetrates into the bending recess 13222 between the bending areas 13221.
- the gripping area 1316 is provided here with a projection 1316a arranged approximately in the middle of its height.
- the projection 1316a projects in the radial direction to the central axis of the carrier element 131. This results in an undercut below the most protruding area of the projection 1316a in the radial direction to the central axis, which can be used to produce a positive connection with the inwardly pointing tips of the bending areas 13221 of the formwork skin element 132.
- an insertion bevel 13221b is arranged on the side of the bending areas 13221 facing away from the shaft 1321, which is oriented towards the central axis and the bending recess 13222.
- this lead-in bevel 13221b is brought over the end of the gripping area 1316 pointing upward in the illustration and leads the bending recess 13222 to the gripping area 1316 during the further infeed movement 131 in a direction parallel to the central axes of the two elements, the bending areas 13221 pressed radially outward and thus guided around the gripping area 1316 and the projection 1316a.
- the end areas of bending areas 13221 facing away from shaft 1321 encompass projection 1316a on the outer surface of gripping area 1316 and engage in the undercut arranged below projection 1316a.
- the formwork skin element 132 and the carrier element 131 are connected to one another both by a form fit and by a force fit between the bending regions 13221 and the gripping region 1316.
- a bending area receptacle 1317 is arranged around the gripping area 1316. This bending area receptacle 1317 is designed here as an annular channel which completely surrounds and surrounds the gripping area 1316. When the connector 13 is connected, the bending area receptacle 1317 accommodates the bending areas 13221 bent radially outward.
- the bending area receptacle 1317 is delimited to the outside by a guide area 1318.
- This guide area 1318 is constructed in the shape of a ring and surrounds the gripping area 1316 in the circumferential direction.
- the height of the guide area 1318 essentially corresponds to three quarters of the height of the gripping area 1316.
- the guide area 1318 is intended to guide the carrier element 131 during assembly in a carrier plate 112 or, conversely, to feed the carrier plate 112 relative to the attached carrier element 131. This function can be seen better in FIG. 14.
- the carrier element 131 has a bottom area 1320 which connects the gripping element 1316 to the guide element 1318.
- the bottom area 1320 is designed like a circular disk and has planar surfaces above and below in the illustration.
- a fastening area 1319 is arranged concentrically to the gripping area 1316.
- This fastening area is provided for fastening the carrier element 131 to a frame 111 or to a carrier plate 112 of the formwork carrier 11.
- the fastening area 1319 here comprises a cylindrical recess 1319a extending along the central axis of the carrier element 131.
- a connecting element such as a screw, for example, can be guided through this recess 1319a.
- a conical receptacle 1319b which is provided for receiving a head of a connecting element, for example a screw head, adjoins the upwardly pointing side of the recess 1319a.
- a countersunk head screw can be inserted into the fastening area 1319, with which the carrier element 131 is then screwed to the formwork carrier 11.
- the screw head is completely sunk into the carrier element 131 and is thus protected.
- the fastening area 1319, the gripping area 1316, the bending area receptacle 1317 and the guide area 1318 are circular in a plan view and are arranged concentrically to one another.
- the carrier element 131 arranged on the formwork carrier 11 does not have a cavity with a small volume.
- the side of the formwork support 11 is more vulnerable to soiling on the construction site than the assembly side 122 of the formwork facing. For this reason, it is advantageous that the carrier side, which is more prone to contamination, does not have a cavity with a small volume which could be filled by contamination and thus unintentionally closed.
- the embodiment of a carrier element 131 shown in FIG. 13 is thus less susceptible to soiling, and soiling that may possibly occur can be easily and cleanly removed from the large-volume bending area receptacle 1317 due to the design. This increases the reliability of the connector 13.
- FIG. 14 shows a partially sectioned, schematic side view of an embodiment of a connector 13.
- the connector 13 according to the embodiment shown in FIG. 13 is shown in the installed and closed state.
- a formwork skin 12 can be seen, into which a formwork skin adapter 14a according to the embodiment shown in FIG. 8 is introduced in a form-fitting manner.
- a formwork skin element 132 according to the embodiment shown in FIG. 13 is pushed into the formwork facing adapter 14a and fixed in a form-fitting manner in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the formwork facing 12.
- the formwork skin 12 rests on the formwork support 11, which is only shown here in certain areas.
- the formwork support 11 comprises a frame 111 shown above in the illustration on which a support plate 112 is applied. A possible interaction between frame 111 and carrier plate 112 is shown in FIG.
- the carrier plate 112 absorbs a large part of the forces which are transmitted through concrete to the formwork skin 12 and from this to the formwork carrier 11.
- the carrier plate 112 is thus arranged in the force flow between the formwork skin 12 and the frame 111.
- Providing such a carrier plate 112 has the advantage that the formwork skin 12 itself has to be designed to be less rigid than in a case in which no carrier plate 112 is provided.
- the formwork skin 12 can be thinner and thus lighter and be carried out more cost-effectively.
- the carrier plate 112 can be formed, for example, by two metal sheets arranged parallel to one another, between which a corrugated sheet metal is arranged to increase the flexural strength.
- the carrier plate 112 can also be a solid metal plate, a plywood plate or some other plate.
- the carrier element 131 is arranged and fastened within the carrier plate 112.
- the bending areas 13221 encompass the gripping area 1316.
- the ends of the bending areas 13221 pointing upwards in the illustration engage in an undercut which is located between the projection 1316a and the bottom area 1320.
- a connector 13 can be separated solely by applying a normal force to the formwork skin 12, which is directed away from the formwork support 11.
- Separating surfaces 13221c are arranged on the radial inside of the bending regions 13221, which, in the connected state, are inclined relative to the central axis of the formwork skin element 132. In the connected state shown, these separating surfaces 13221c each rest on a flank surface 1316b, which are also inclined on the outer circumference of the gripping area 1316 in the area of the undercut.
- the flank surface 1316b is arranged between the projection 1316a and the bottom region 1320. If a normal force is applied to the formwork skin element 132, the contact between the separating surface 13221c and the flank surface 1316b results in a force directed radially outward, which elastically deforms the bending element 13221 outward so that the form fit with the gripping area 1316 is canceled. In this way, the formwork skin element 132 can be pulled off the carrier element 131. This connection is also completely reversible and can be closed and disconnected several times.
- the fastening area 1319 into which a fastening element in the form of a screw S is introduced, is arranged in the center of the carrier element 131.
- the screw head of the screw S is inserted into the receptacle 1319b, the shaft of the screw S penetrates the recess 1319a.
- the screw S runs through a bore in the carrier plate 112 and is screwed into an internal thread in the frame 111.
- the carrier plate 112 together with the carrier element 131 is connected to the frame 111 by the screw S.
- the carrier element 131 acts like a washer, with the large, flat surface of the floor area 1320 facing away from the formwork skin element 132 as a support surface on the carrier plate 112 serves. As a result of this large contact surface, only low stresses are introduced into the carrier plate 112 by the connection, whereby a very long-term stable connection is provided.
- a recess with beveled walls is made in the carrier plate 112 and receives the carrier element 131.
- This recess can be made, for example, by embossing, whereby the recess simultaneously represents a bead.
- the recess can also be milled into the carrier plate 112.
- the guide area 1318 arranged on the outside of the carrier element 131 serves as a contact surface on the inner walls of the recess in the carrier plate 112 be braced with the frame 111.
- the carrier element 131 thus has a double function: on the one hand, it forms the functional counterpart to the formwork skin element 132, as a result of which a reversibly detachable connector 13 is formed.
- the carrier element 131 serves at the same time as a supporting fastening element for fastening a carrier plate 112 to the frame 111 of a formwork carrier 11. This combination of functions can significantly reduce the number of components and the assembly time for assembling a formwork carrier 11, while at the same time providing an excellent connection between the elements is guaranteed with each other.
- the carrier element 131 comprises the protruding gripping area 1316, which penetrates into the bending recess 13222 of the formwork skin element of 132.
- a carrier element 131 with the double function i.e. which also serves as a supporting fastening element for the carrier plate 112
- a carrier element 131 with the double function i.e. which also serves as a supporting fastening element for the carrier plate 112
- the corresponding formwork skin element 132 for this purpose can have a connection head 1322, which is inwardly when the connection is made elastically deformed.
- the embodiment in FIG. 14 can thus also be combined with a connection principle such as is shown in FIG. 3, for example.
- FIG. 15 shows a sectional side view of an alternative formwork element 1 with a cutting tool 16 which is in engagement with a formwork skin element 132.
- the illustration in FIG. 15 relates to an alternative embodiment of a formwork element 1, not according to the invention.
- the alternative formwork element 1 also comprises a formwork skin 12, which is shown in section in the illustration below.
- the formwork element 1 comprises a formwork support 11, which is only shown here in certain areas.
- the connector 13 consists of a formwork facing element 132, which is connected to the formwork facing via a formwork facing adapter 14a, and a carrier element 131 which is formed here by a recess in the formwork support 11, in particular in the frame 111 of the formwork support 111.
- the connector 13 can also be formed exclusively from the formwork skin element 132 and the recess in the formwork support 11 can be viewed as part or component of the formwork support 11.
- the connector 13 or the formwork skin 12 and the formwork support 11 cannot be separated by applying a tensile force in a direction perpendicular to the surface of the formwork skin 12.
- a cutting tool 16 In order to separate the connector 13, it is necessary for a cutting tool 16 to be brought into engagement with the formwork skin element 132 in order to elastically deform it in some areas.
- FIG. 15 the same embodiment of a formwork skin element 132 as in FIG. 10 can be seen in section at the bottom.
- the formwork facing adapter 14a and the formwork facing element 132 reference is therefore made to the description of FIG. 10. In the state shown in FIG.
- connection head 1322 is introduced into a recess in the frame 111 and there is a form fit between the bending areas 13221 and the recess in the frame 111.
- This cutting tool 16 has a recess with a cylindrical cross section in its interior.
- the cutting tool 16 in the embodiment shown is formed by a cylindrical pipe section.
- the end of the cutting tool 16 pointing downward in the illustration is partially guided over the connecting head 1322.
- the edge area of the cylindrical recess in the cutting tool 16 rests against a tool contact surface 13221a of each bending area 13221.
- the tool contact surface 13221a is identical to the insertion surface 132211.
- the tool contact surface 13221a is inclined here to the central axis of the formwork skin element 132 and the parting tool 16 aligned. If, starting from the state shown in FIG. 15, a force is applied to the cutting tool 16 in the direction of the arrow, which points downwards in the illustration, the engagement between the lower edge of the cutting tool 16 and the tool contact surfaces 13221a is applied to each bending area 13221 generates a radial inwardly directed force to the central axis of the formwork skin element 132. These forces are symbolized by two arrows pointing to the central axis.
- the bending areas 13221 are elastically bent inward, as a result of which the form fit between the connection head 1322 and the recess in the frame 111 is canceled. If the cutting tool 16 is then moved downwards in one direction in the illustration, the formwork skin element 132 is pushed out of the formwork support 11 without being damaged in the process. After removal of the cutting tool 16, the bending areas 13221 are elastically restored to the shape that can be seen in FIG. 15. The connector 13 or the formwork skin element 132 can thus also be reversibly separated from the formwork support 11 in this embodiment and thus used several times.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102020111413.3A DE102020111413A1 (de) | 2020-04-27 | 2020-04-27 | Schnellverbindungssystem |
| PCT/EP2021/060811 WO2021219536A1 (de) | 2020-04-27 | 2021-04-26 | Schnellverbindungssystem zur lösbaren halterung von schalhaut und schalungsträger |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4143401A1 true EP4143401A1 (de) | 2023-03-08 |
| EP4143401B1 EP4143401B1 (de) | 2025-12-03 |
Family
ID=75746596
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP21722401.3A Active EP4143401B1 (de) | 2020-04-27 | 2021-04-26 | Schnellverbindungssystem zur lösbaren halterung von schalhaut und schalungsträger |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US12416168B2 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP4143401B1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP2023524951A (de) |
| CN (1) | CN115735038A (de) |
| CA (1) | CA3177734A1 (de) |
| DE (2) | DE102020111413A1 (de) |
| PL (1) | PL4143401T3 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2021219536A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102022100754A1 (de) | 2022-01-13 | 2023-07-13 | Peri Se | Deckentisch zur wenigstens teilweisen Schalung einer Betondecke |
| CN114412164A (zh) * | 2022-03-14 | 2022-04-29 | 安徽中嘉环保建材科技有限公司 | 一种建筑复合铝模板 |
| CN116220340B (zh) * | 2023-05-05 | 2023-07-14 | 黑龙江省建筑安装集团有限公司 | 一种土建工程用混凝土建筑模板 |
| CN118958654A (zh) * | 2024-08-27 | 2024-11-15 | 杜宁 | 一种模块化现浇混凝土模板 |
| CN118855225B (zh) * | 2024-09-25 | 2025-01-03 | 上海建工一建集团有限公司 | 减少竖向变形差的筒柱一体化整体钢平台及其施工方法 |
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- 2021-04-26 WO PCT/EP2021/060811 patent/WO2021219536A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2021-04-26 DE DE202021004274.1U patent/DE202021004274U1/de active Active
- 2021-04-26 CN CN202180045968.4A patent/CN115735038A/zh active Pending
- 2021-04-26 US US17/997,353 patent/US12416168B2/en active Active
- 2021-04-26 EP EP21722401.3A patent/EP4143401B1/de active Active
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA3177734A1 (en) | 2021-11-04 |
| WO2021219536A1 (de) | 2021-11-04 |
| US12416168B2 (en) | 2025-09-16 |
| US20230220690A1 (en) | 2023-07-13 |
| PL4143401T3 (pl) | 2026-05-04 |
| DE202021004274U1 (de) | 2023-05-19 |
| JP2023524951A (ja) | 2023-06-14 |
| DE102020111413A1 (de) | 2021-10-28 |
| CN115735038A (zh) | 2023-03-03 |
| EP4143401B1 (de) | 2025-12-03 |
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