EP3941839A1 - Palette comprenant des butées d'empilement sur le plateau de palette - Google Patents

Palette comprenant des butées d'empilement sur le plateau de palette

Info

Publication number
EP3941839A1
EP3941839A1 EP19713729.2A EP19713729A EP3941839A1 EP 3941839 A1 EP3941839 A1 EP 3941839A1 EP 19713729 A EP19713729 A EP 19713729A EP 3941839 A1 EP3941839 A1 EP 3941839A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pallet
stops
deck
areas
height
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP19713729.2A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3941839B1 (fr
Inventor
Rene Kloeters
Ralf-Peter Finke
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Craemer GmbH
Preturn GmbH
Original Assignee
Craemer GmbH
Preturn GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Craemer GmbH, Preturn GmbH filed Critical Craemer GmbH
Priority to PL19713729.2T priority Critical patent/PL3941839T3/pl
Publication of EP3941839A1 publication Critical patent/EP3941839A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3941839B1 publication Critical patent/EP3941839B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D19/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
    • B65D19/0004—Rigid pallets without side walls
    • B65D19/0006—Rigid pallets without side walls the load supporting surface being made of a single element
    • B65D19/0008—Rigid pallets without side walls the load supporting surface being made of a single element forming a continuous plane contact surface
    • B65D19/001—Rigid pallets without side walls the load supporting surface being made of a single element forming a continuous plane contact surface the base surface being made of a single element
    • B65D19/0014—Rigid pallets without side walls the load supporting surface being made of a single element forming a continuous plane contact surface the base surface being made of a single element forming discontinuous or non-planar contact surfaces
    • B65D19/0016—Rigid pallets without side walls the load supporting surface being made of a single element forming a continuous plane contact surface the base surface being made of a single element forming discontinuous or non-planar contact surfaces and each contact surface having a stringer-like shape
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
    • B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
    • B65D2519/00009—Materials
    • B65D2519/00014—Materials for the load supporting surface
    • B65D2519/00034—Plastic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
    • B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
    • B65D2519/00009—Materials
    • B65D2519/00049—Materials for the base surface
    • B65D2519/00069—Plastic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
    • B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
    • B65D2519/00258—Overall construction
    • B65D2519/00263—Overall construction of the pallet
    • B65D2519/00268—Overall construction of the pallet made of one piece
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
    • B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
    • B65D2519/00258—Overall construction
    • B65D2519/00283—Overall construction of the load supporting surface
    • B65D2519/00288—Overall construction of the load supporting surface made of one piece
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
    • B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
    • B65D2519/00258—Overall construction
    • B65D2519/00313—Overall construction of the base surface
    • B65D2519/00318—Overall construction of the base surface made of one piece
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
    • B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
    • B65D2519/00258—Overall construction
    • B65D2519/00313—Overall construction of the base surface
    • B65D2519/00328—Overall construction of the base surface shape of the contact surface of the base
    • B65D2519/00333—Overall construction of the base surface shape of the contact surface of the base contact surface having a stringer-like shape
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
    • B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
    • B65D2519/00258—Overall construction
    • B65D2519/00398—Overall construction reinforcements
    • B65D2519/00402—Integral, e.g. ribs
    • B65D2519/00407—Integral, e.g. ribs on the load supporting surface
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
    • B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
    • B65D2519/00736—Details
    • B65D2519/0081—Elements or devices for locating articles
    • B65D2519/00815—Elements or devices for locating articles on the pallet
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
    • B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
    • B65D2519/00736—Details
    • B65D2519/00825—Finishing of the external surfaces
    • B65D2519/0083—Anti-slip means
    • B65D2519/0084—Separated elements, e.g. including in-moulded elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2519/00—Pallets or like platforms, with or without side walls, for supporting loads to be lifted or lowered
    • B65D2519/00004—Details relating to pallets
    • B65D2519/00736—Details
    • B65D2519/00935—Details with special means for nesting or stacking
    • B65D2519/00955—Details with special means for nesting or stacking stackable
    • B65D2519/0096—Details with special means for nesting or stacking stackable when empty

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a pallet according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Plastic pallets are particularly preferred in the hygiene sector because of their smooth surface, which hardly absorbs soiling and is especially easy to clean.
  • plastic pallets Compared to wooden pallets, plastic pallets have better sliding properties. This can be problematic if, during so-called empty runs, plastic pallets without any load on them are stacked directly on top of one another. To ensure the secure hold of such a stack of pallets, it is known from practice to design trainees slip-resistant pallet. Depending on the weather conditions, however, the anti-slip effect of a pallet can be impaired, for example if hoar frost forms on the surface of a pallet. For this reason and also for the purpose of securing loads, it is known to provide projections on the pallet which, for. B. are designed as edge strips and protrude upward beyond the pallet deck. In particular, it is known to arrange such strips outside the base of a pallet deck, so that the pallet deck provides a standardized base of the pallet of, for example, 1200 x 800 mm in full for the storage of cargo.
  • the invention is based on the object to improve a generic range in such a way that this also in the mixed operation z. B. can be stacked with wooden pallets and ensures a high stability of the stack when a stack is formed with other similar pallets.
  • the invention proposes that the stops are not located outside the actual pallet base area, but rather within the dimensions that the pallet already has.
  • the invention is based on the idea that, in contrast to wooden pallets, the runners of a plastic pallet are also elongated and essentially rectangular, but do not actually have a rectangular contact area, but rather rounded at the four corner areas of this contact area or with a 45 ° bevel, or in a similar way in the four Eckbe range from a 90 ° -Eck impart deviate.
  • the runners are typically formed by wooden boards that are simply cut to length so that the appropriate saw cut actually results in an elongated rectangle with four 90 ° corners as the contact surface of the runners of a wooden pallet. Compared to such contact areas, the contact areas of runners of a plastic pallet therefore have so-called flaws in the four corners, where they deviate from an exactly rectangular contour.
  • the present proposal provides that stops are arranged on the pallet deck over the imperfections of the pallet, i.e. where the imperfections of a second, similar pallet are located, which is piled up congruently on the pallet proposed by the proposal.
  • This arrangement of the stops ensures that the stops are not arranged outside the width of a runner. In this way, movement in the longitudinal direction of the runner is prevented by the attacks. For the same reason, the stops also cause a movement transversely to the longitudinal direction of the runner, since in this respect, too, the stops are not arranged outside the runner length, but rather cause a positive fit with the runner.
  • the stops can be designed as strips so that an elongated stop can be created which can also serve to a particularly high degree as a transport lock for goods placed on the pallet.
  • the stops are not designed as elongated strips, but rather as upright protruding knobs. If a load is placed on the pallet deck that fully utilizes the dimensions of the pallet deck, such a load is also placed on the front striking attacks. In order to prevent deformations of the charge from contact with the stops or to keep them to a minimum, the small cross-sectional areas that the knobs have in comparison to strips are particularly advantageous. Should the
  • knobs slightly depress a cardboard packaging in some areas, but this can prevent undesired pressure or undesired deformation of the load located in such a cardboard packaging.
  • the knobs are arranged exclusively within the so-called defect areas, that is to say the areas of the pallet deck where the defects in the runners of a second, stacked pallet are located.
  • the desired small cross-sectional area of the knobs is guaranteed.
  • the knobs can advantageously run upwards with a constant cross section. This gives them optimum mechanical stability compared to knobs, which taper sharply towards their upper end. So unwanted Deformun conditions of the knobs are excluded, for example, if the load is placed on the knobs, or if when stacking a wooden pallet the runners there have no defects and therefore the wooden pallet and other pallets stacked on it u. a. also support on the knobs.
  • the stops can preferably have a height which is between 3 and 10 mm, that is to say protrudes correspondingly high above the pallet deck. In this way, a reliable form fit is ensured on the one hand, which ensures a good Sta pelverbund similar plastic pallets. On the other hand, the height is so low that, on the one hand, undesired damage to the stops themselves and other unwanted damage to the cargo is avoided.
  • the height of the stops can be between 4 and 6 mm.
  • these dimensions have been found to be an excellent compromise between an advantageously flat configuration and an advantageously form-fitting configuration of the stops in first practical tests.
  • stops can be arranged in a row on one side of the pallet deck, assuming that the pallet deck also has rounded corners of its essentially rectangular surface and accordingly the four corners also represent flaws. Where no stops can be arranged, the four mentioned stops allow an optimal form fit with a similar, above-arranged pallet by the palet tendeck of the lower pallet is provided with stops at all four suitable defects in the runners of the upper pallet.
  • the two outer stops have a lower height than the two middle stops.
  • the wooden runners are on the proposed stops of the lower pallet.
  • the two middle stops for stacking similar plastic pallets ensure an optimal form fit due to their greater height and the two lower, outer stops only have a supportive effect
  • the two lower outer stops provide a tilt protection for a wooden pallet located above According to the proposal, are located on the surface of the pallet deck, that is to say on the area possibly used by the cargo, an advantageous embodiment of the stops is that they do not act as a disruptive body for the cargo.
  • the stops are advantageous both in terms of their cross section and their height as small as possible and, on the other hand, as large as necessary to effect the desired form-fitting with a second, similar range. Due to the different heights of the middle and outer knobs, these two different objectives are pursued: While the two middle knobs offer an excellent form fit due to their greater height, if they were provided alone they would be stacked on the pallet Wooden pallet, similar to a tilting axis, enables tilting movements of the wooden pallet to both sides. These tilting movements are effectively prevented by the two outer stops, the wooden pallet due to its inherent elasticity with its three runners on all four stops and is thus reliably secured against tilting movements. At the same time, the lower height of the external stops supports the endeavor to make the stops provided according to the proposal as small as possible.
  • heights of the attacks have been found to be advantageous, which are between 5 and 6 mm for the two middle attacks mentioned, in particular 5.5 mm protrude beyond the pallet deck, and for the two outer attacks between 3.5 and 4.5 mm, in particular protrude 4 mm above the pallet deck.
  • the proposed pallet can advantageously be equipped with a non-slip surface.
  • a large number of different proposals are known from practice, so that they do not need to be discussed in more detail.
  • the anti-slip surface supports stable stacking with similar or differently designed pallets. However, should the anti-slip effect be impaired by moisture, ice formation or the like, the proposed stops still ensure a stable hold of stacked pallets.
  • An embodiment of a proposed pallet is explained in more detail below with reference to the purely schematic representations. It shows
  • Fig. 1 is a plan view of the pallet
  • a pallet 1 is shown, which is designed as a Euro pallet and therefore end faces 2 of 800 mm in length and long sides 3 of 1,200 mm in length and a pallet tenkbody made of plastic.
  • the upper side of the pallet 1, referred to as the pallet deck 4, has strips with a non-slip coating 5. Under some of these strips reinforcement profiles made of steel are arranged to stiffen the pallet 1 in the longitudinal and transverse directions.
  • each end face 2 is arranged on the edge of the pallet deck 4 to 6 beats, which are designed in the form of cylindrical knobs.
  • Four stops 6 are provided on each end face 2, the two middle knobs each protruding from the pallet deck 4 at a height of 5.5 mm and the two outer stops 6 each having a height of 4 mm above the pallet deck 4 protrude upwards.
  • Fig. 2 shows that the pallet 1 on the long sides 3 has two recesses from the top by the pallet deck 4, to the side by feet 8 and down by runners 9 be, the runners 9 on the the entire length of the pallet 1 extend.
  • 3 shows the view of an end face 2 of the pallet 1.
  • Two entry pockets 7 are created between the three runners 9 and serve to accommodate the fork of an industrial truck.
  • Fig. 4 shows a perspective view obliquely from above on egg ne end face 2 and the middle foot 8 and the two middle stops 6, which are designed as cylindrical knobs and completely within the standardized dimensions of the pallet of 800 x 1,200 mm of the Euro Pallet are arranged, so do not protrude beyond the pallet deck 4 to the outside.
  • FIG. 5 shows the pallet 1 from below, below the pallet deck 4 the three runners 9 can be seen, the shape of the runners 9 shown in FIG. 5 showing the respective contact surface of a runner 9.
  • the pallet 1 has the rounded corner areas 10 and it can be seen that the rounded areas 11 that are not on the outside, but further inside have a larger bending radius than the outer corner areas 10.
  • it is through at one point Dashed lines 12 indicated that there is an approximately triangular flaw 14 in the rounded areas 11, compared with a precisely rectangular footprint of the runners 9, as would be the case, for example, with a wooden pallet.
  • Fig. 1 shows in dashed lines 12 the course of one end of a runner 9 un below the to what extent visible pallet deck 4. where there is on the runners 9, the defects 14 due to the curved loading areas 11, the same pallet 1 has so-called defect areas 15 on its pallet deck 4. This denotes the areas where the flaws 14 of a second pallet 1 of the same type are located when this is stacked congruently on the pallet deck 4 of the pallet 1 shown.
  • the stops 6 are located exclusively in the area of these defective areas 15.
  • the dashed lines 12 in FIG. 3 show that the two middle stops 6 form a form fit with a middle foot 8 of a similar pallet 1 standing on the pallet deck 4.
  • the two outer stops 6 serve only as tipping protection in the event that a pallet made of wood is stacked on the pallet 1 shown, the exact rectangular middle runner would rest on the two middle stops 6, since these wooden ones The runner does not have the defects 14.
  • the two outer stops 6 serve only as tipping protection in the event that a pallet made of wood is stacked on the pallet 1 shown, the exact rectangular middle runner would rest on the two middle stops 6, since these wooden ones The runner does not have the defects 14.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Pallets (AREA)

Abstract

Palette (1) comme support de charge, comprenant une face supérieure désignée comme plateau de palette (4) et une face inférieure conçue sous la forme de patins (9) séparés, la palette (1) étant en matière plastique, et les patins (9) présentant une surface de pose allongée essentiellement rectangulaire, mais présentant aux quatre coins de ces surfaces de pose des défauts (14) sous la forme de parties arrondies ou de chanfreins, des butées (6) étant disposées sur le bord du plateau de palette (4), lesquelles font saillie vers la haut au-dessus du plateau de palette (4), les butées (6) étant, selon l'invention, disposées dans des dites zones de défauts (15) du plateau de palette (4), c'est-à-dire là où, dans une deuxième palette (1) similaire posée de manière correspondante sur le plateau de palette (4), se trouvent les défauts (14) d'un patin (9).
EP19713729.2A 2019-03-19 2019-03-19 Palette comprenant des butées d'empilement sur le plateau de palette Active EP3941839B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL19713729.2T PL3941839T3 (pl) 2019-03-19 2019-03-19 Paleta z ogranicznikami układania w stos na platformie palety

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/EP2019/056846 WO2020187401A1 (fr) 2019-03-19 2019-03-19 Palette comprenant des butées d'empilement sur le plateau de palette

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3941839A1 true EP3941839A1 (fr) 2022-01-26
EP3941839B1 EP3941839B1 (fr) 2023-08-09

Family

ID=65951540

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19713729.2A Active EP3941839B1 (fr) 2019-03-19 2019-03-19 Palette comprenant des butées d'empilement sur le plateau de palette

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US11718447B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP3941839B1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2963520T3 (fr)
PL (1) PL3941839T3 (fr)
WO (1) WO2020187401A1 (fr)

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USD975540S1 (en) * 2019-04-12 2023-01-17 International Paper Company Blank for a pallet stabilizer

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WO2019112410A1 (fr) * 2017-12-06 2019-06-13 Plásticos Técnicos Mexicanos, S.A. De C.V. Palette à colonnes résistant à l'impact
GB201908109D0 (en) 2019-06-06 2019-07-24 Mars Inc Use of oral chew

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US20220002026A1 (en) 2022-01-06
WO2020187401A1 (fr) 2020-09-24
US11718447B2 (en) 2023-08-08
EP3941839B1 (fr) 2023-08-09
PL3941839T3 (pl) 2024-04-15

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