EP3873206A1 - Lutte contre des plantes faisant appel à l'énergie électrique - Google Patents

Lutte contre des plantes faisant appel à l'énergie électrique

Info

Publication number
EP3873206A1
EP3873206A1 EP19790556.5A EP19790556A EP3873206A1 EP 3873206 A1 EP3873206 A1 EP 3873206A1 EP 19790556 A EP19790556 A EP 19790556A EP 3873206 A1 EP3873206 A1 EP 3873206A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
crop
contact electrode
height
divider
companions
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP19790556.5A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Christoph BREITENSTROETER
Sergio JIMENEZ TARODO
James HADLOW
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bayer AG
Original Assignee
Bayer AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bayer AG filed Critical Bayer AG
Publication of EP3873206A1 publication Critical patent/EP3873206A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
    • A01M21/00—Apparatus for the destruction of unwanted vegetation, e.g. weeds
    • A01M21/04—Apparatus for destruction by steam, chemicals, burning, or electricity
    • A01M21/046—Apparatus for destruction by steam, chemicals, burning, or electricity by electricity
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B39/00—Other machines specially adapted for working soil on which crops are growing
    • A01B39/12—Other machines specially adapted for working soil on which crops are growing for special purposes, e.g. for special culture
    • A01B39/18—Other machines specially adapted for working soil on which crops are growing for special purposes, e.g. for special culture for weeding
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B39/00—Other machines specially adapted for working soil on which crops are growing
    • A01B39/20—Tools; Details

Definitions

  • the present invention is concerned with the control of plants which appear as undesirable companions in a field for crop plants by means of electrical energy.
  • the present invention relates to a method, an apparatus and a vehicle for controlling plants.
  • crop crop companions can be, for example, weeds / grasses or plants that were grown in the field in a previous vegetation period and are now sprouting.
  • a number of measures are generally available for controlling unwanted plants, such as, for example, the application of a herbicide, mechanical removal or control using electrical energy.
  • a first subject of the present invention is thus a method for controlling crop crop companions in a field of crop plants
  • Another object of the present invention is a device for combating crop plant companions in a field of crop plants, comprising
  • a stalk divider comprising two legs, the legs converging in a tip
  • o is located below the straw divider and
  • o is located on a side of the stalk divider, which is opposite the tip of the stalk divider, fastening means for fastening the stalk divider to a vehicle at a height which is above the stature of the crop plant companion and below the stature height of the crop plants.
  • Another object of the present invention is a vehicle for controlling crop plant companions in a field of crop plants, comprising
  • a stalk divider comprising two legs, the legs converging in a tip
  • the stalk divider is adjustable in height and the contact electrode is located below the stalk divider and on one side of the stalk divider which lies opposite the tip of the stalk divider.
  • Another object of the present invention relates to the use of the vehicle according to the invention and / or the device according to the invention for combating plant companions in a field of crop plants, the crop attendants having a lower height than the crop plants.
  • field is understood to mean a spatially delimitable area of the earth's surface that is used for agriculture by cultivating crops in such a field, supplying them with nutrients and harvesting them.
  • cultiva plant is understood to mean a plant that is purposefully grown as a useful or ornamental plant through human intervention.
  • Crop plant companion is understood to mean a plant that grows between the cultivated crops but, unlike the crop plants, has not been specifically cultivated in order to achieve harvest yield or another purpose in the current growing season.
  • a companion for crop plants can be weeds, grasses, overgrown crop plants, growing plants, fall plants or the like.
  • Cultivated plant companions for the purposes of the present invention are therefore plants which occur as an undesirable accompaniment when cultivating a desired crop plant. They can affect the quality and / or quantity of the crop by competing for resources with the crop, and carrying out agricultural measures makes it difficult to contaminate the crops being harvested. Cultivated plant companions should therefore be combated.
  • control is understood to mean preventing the spread or reduction of the amount of crop crop attendants present.
  • the control is carried out with a device that is moved through the field in which the crops are grown.
  • the device has fastening means with which the device can be fastened to a vehicle.
  • the vehicle may be a motor vehicle that moves through the field on wheels, rails, or chains, such as an agricultural machine, a tractor, a Unimog, or the like.
  • the vehicle moves autonomously, i.e. through the field without human intervention.
  • the device selectively combats crop plant companions while ignoring crop plants.
  • Crop dividers are described in many ways in the prior art (see e.g. GB151624A, GB175015A, DE513153 (C), ATI 22999 B, US2209047A, US2365790A, GB567950A, US2016057933, W015159464A1).
  • Your task is usually to separate a part of crops from a crop of crops in order to process (e.g. harvest) that part.
  • Such a straw divider is attached to the device according to the invention. It is located in the direction of movement of the device according to the invention in front of the contact electrode.
  • the stalk divider is also mounted at a height that is below the top ends of the crop plants and above the top ends of the crop plant companions.
  • the device according to the invention comprises several straw dividers. These are preferably arranged next to one another and at a distance from one another such that they preferably extend perpendicular to gravity and transversely to the direction of movement. "Transversely to the direction of movement” means a direction which extends at an angle of at least 30 ° and at most 150 °, preferably at least 45 ° and at most 135 °, even more preferably at least 60 ° and at most 120 ° to the direction of movement.
  • the direction of movement and the direction "transverse to the direction of movement” preferably span a plane which is tangential to the surface of the earth.
  • a straw divider can be designed so that it tapers to the front (in the direction of movement of the device according to the invention).
  • the crop plants are moved to the side by the stalk divider and guided backwards along the stalk divider. The crop plants move back into their respective starting position behind the stalk divider.
  • a contact electrode is preferably attached transversely to the direction of movement of the device.
  • the straw divider leads the crop plants past the contact electrode.
  • the crop plant companions on the other hand, are not grasped by the blade divider due to their lower growth height and are not guided to the sides of the blade divider and are not guided past the contact electrode. Instead, the straw divider moves over the crop plant companion.
  • the contact electrode is arranged at a height at which it touches parts of the crop plant companion when the straw divider moves over the crop plant companion.
  • the contact electrode is therefore at the height of the crop plant companion.
  • the stalk divider and the contact electrode are preferably designed such that they can be moved so that they can be adapted to the height of the crop plants and crop plant companions. It is conceivable that the height adjustment of the blade divider and the contact electrode takes place independently of one another; however, it is also conceivable that the contact electrode is connected to the blade divider and that the height of the contact electrode and blade divider is adjusted at the same time.
  • the vehicle according to the invention preferably has a height adjustment unit with which the height of the straw divider and / or the contact electrode can be varied.
  • the term “height” means the distance between the lower edge of the straw divider or the contact electrode from the ground.
  • the term “lower edge” denotes the part of the straw divider or the contact electrode which is the smallest distance from the ground.
  • the height adjustment is preferably carried out automatically. It is conceivable, for example, that the device or the vehicle has one or more cameras with which it is determined at which height the crop plants and / or the crop plant attendants end (stature height).
  • the height of plants can also be determined with one or more distance sensors.
  • Distance sensors are commercially available in a variety of forms and are based on different measuring principles such as radar (W. Paul, H. Speckmann: Radar sensors - new technologies for precise inventory management, agricultural engineering 59, 2/2004, pages 92 to 93.), laser light
  • the contact electrode can be designed as a cantilever, mesh, grid, tape, brush or the like. Instead of one contact electrode, several contact electrodes can also be present.
  • the counter electrode can also be designed as a cantilever, mesh, grid, tape, brush or the like. It is also conceivable that there are several counter electrodes.
  • a voltage is applied between the contact electrode and the counter electrode.
  • the voltage is generated via a voltage source, which is usually a component of the device according to the invention or the vehicle according to the invention. In principle, however, it is also conceivable for the voltage source to be stationary in the field and to be connected to the contact electrode and the counter electrode via a cable connection.
  • the voltage source can be a generator or an accumulator.
  • a current usually only flows between the contact electrode and the counter electrode if the electrical resistance between the contact electrode and the counter electrode is reduced, for example by placing parts of a plant between the contact electrode and the counter electrode that have a lower resistance than the surrounding one Have air. The current then flows through these parts of the plants, depending on the (current) polarity, either from the contact electrode to the counter electrode or from the counter electrode to the contact electrode. When using an alternating voltage, the current flows alternately from the contact electrode through the plant parts to the counter electrode and from the counter electrode through the plant parts to the contact electrode.
  • Suitable parameters (current intensity, voltage, frequency) for combating crop plants can be found in the prior art (see, for example, US248443, US2591597, US2682729, US4047326, US4428150, WO16016627, W016162667, W02018050137, W02018050138, W020141501501, W0201501501501, W0201501501501 Diprose et al., Weed Research, 1985, 25, 53-60).
  • the counter electrode is also in contact with the ground in the case of the present invention.
  • the counter electrode can be a component of the device according to the invention, it can be a component of the vehicle according to the invention to which the device according to the invention can be attached, but it can also be an object independent of the device and the vehicle.
  • the counter electrode is a component of the vehicle and is in contact with the ground or can be brought into contact with the ground. It is conceivable for the counterelectrode to be designed as a sliding contact which rubs on the floor when the device moves through the field. It is also conceivable that one or more wheels of the vehicle or of the device are designed as counter electrodes.
  • the device according to the invention can be designed in such a way that, in addition to crop crop companions with a lower growth height than the surrounding crop plants (“smaller crop crop companions”), it can also combat crop crop companions with a greater crop height than the surrounding crop plants (“larger crop crop companions”). It is conceivable that in a first step the contact electrode is brought to a height that is above the stature height of the crop plants and below the stature height of the larger crop plant companions.
  • the straw divider is located above the contact electrode, and thus above the crop plants, but also above the larger crop plant companion (so it does not perform this function). The contact electrode is moved through the field and contacts only the larger crop plant companions and makes them harmless.
  • the straw divider and the contact electrode are lowered to a height at which the straw divider is below the growth height of the crop plants and above the growth height of the smaller crop plant companions so that he can move the crops past the contact electrode.
  • the contact electrode is attached below the straw divider, so that it comes into contact with the smaller crop plant companions, when the contact electrode moves through the field.
  • the smaller crop plant companions are then rendered harmless.
  • the length of the contact electrode is variable.
  • Length means the extension of the contact electrode in the direction of gravity.
  • Width denotes the extension of the contact electrode perpendicular to gravity and transversely (preferably perpendicular) to the direction of movement.
  • Thickness denotes the extension of the contact electrode in the direction of movement. It is conceivable, for example, that the contact electrode has one or more metal strips, which are rolled up on a spool, for example. The length of the metal strips can be varied by unwinding from the spool or winding onto the spool.
  • part of the contact electrode can be positioned behind the straw divider and, if necessary, can be extended downward (in the direction of gravity) after a longer contact electrode.
  • a contact electrode of variable length has the advantage that it can be optimally adjusted to the height of the crop plant companion and to the difference in the height of the crop plants and crop plant companion.
  • the width of the contact electrode can (also) be variable. If the contact electrode is used to control smaller crop plants, it should not protrude beyond the side edges of the straw divider, otherwise the crop plants can come into contact with the contact electrode. If the contact electrode is used to control larger crop plants, the contact electrode can protrude beyond the lateral edges of the stalk divider, since crop plants do not reach the contact electrode due to the lower growth height.
  • a contact electrode protruding beyond the lateral edges of the straw divider has the advantage that it contacts one Movement through the field covers a larger area and thus captures a larger number of larger crop plants and makes them harmless.
  • the contact electrode is therefore designed such that its extent can be varied transversely to the direction of movement (width). It is conceivable, for example, to provide a foldable contact electrode which, when folded, does not protrude beyond the lateral edges of the straw divider, but protrudes beyond the lateral edges of the straw divider when folded out.
  • FIG. 1 schematically shows an embodiment of a straw divider (a) in a frontal view, (b) in a first side view, (c) from the underside, (d) in a second side view, (e) in a rear view and (f) in supervision.
  • the straw divider (10) comprises two legs (11, 1 G) which converge in a tip (12).
  • the base (13) is located on the side opposite the tip.
  • Fig. 2 shows schematically the straw divider (10) from Fig. 1 together with a contact electrode (a) in a frontal view, (b) in a first side view, (c) from the bottom, (d) in a second side view, (e ) in a rear view and (f) in a top view.
  • the contact electrode (20) is located below the straw divider (10).
  • the contact electrode (20) is also located on a side (base 13) opposite the tip (12) of the straw divider (10).
  • the contact electrode (20) can be attached to the straw divider.
  • the contact electrode (20) comprises three flexible metal strips.
  • Fig. 3 shows schematically the straw divider (10) from Fig. 1 together with a contact electrode (a) in a frontal view, (b) in a first side view, (c) from the bottom, (d) in a second side view, (e ) in a rear view and (f) in a top view.
  • the contact electrode (20) is located below the straw divider (10).
  • the contact electrode (20) is also located on a side (base 13) opposite the tip (12) of the straw divider (10).
  • the contact electrode (20) can be attached to the straw divider.
  • the contact electrode (20) is designed as a grid or mat; it comprises three parts, a base part (21) and two side parts (22, 22 ').
  • the side parts (22, 22 ') are designed to be foldable outwards; they are folded in Figure 3.
  • FIG. 4 schematically shows the straw divider (10) with the contact electrode (20) from FIG. 3.
  • the side parts (22, 22 ') are designed to be foldable outwards; they are folded out to the sides in FIG. 4, so that there is a larger electrode area.
  • FIG. 5 schematically shows the blade divider (10) with the contact electrode (20) from FIG. 2.
  • Guide flanks (30, 30 ') are attached to the legs (11, 1 G) of the blade divider (10).
  • a light barrier can be installed between the guide flanks, which registers whether there is a plant between the flanks.
  • FIG. 6 schematically shows the straw divider (10) from FIG. 1 together with a contact electrode (a) in a frontal view, (b) in a first side view, (c) from the underside, (d) in a second side view, (e ) in a rear view and (f) in a top view.
  • the contact electrode (20) comprises three metal strips, which are each rolled up on a coil (23).
  • the length of the contact electrode can be adjusted by winding the metal strips on the coils reduce; by unwinding the metal strips from the coils, the length of the contact electrode can be increased.
  • FIG. 7 schematically shows a vehicle according to the invention (a) in a side view and (b) in a front view.
  • the vehicle according to the invention moves on wheels (65) through the field.
  • a boom (90) is attached, on which two straw dividers (10) and two contact electrodes (20) are attached. These are the blade dividers (10) and contact electrodes (20) from FIG. 2.
  • the blade dividers (10) and contact electrodes (20) are spaced apart and arranged next to one another and extend transversely (in the present case at an angle of 90 °) ) to the direction of movement and perpendicular to gravity.
  • the vehicle includes a voltage source (70).
  • the contact electrodes (20) are connected to the voltage source (70) via cables (75).
  • the vehicle comprises a counter electrode (80) which is in contact with the ground as a grinding electrode.
  • the counter electrode is also connected to the voltage source (70) via cable (73). It is conceivable for the boom (90) to be adjustable in height, so that the stalk dividers (10) can be brought to a height which is above the height of the crop plant companion and below the height of the crop plants. The contact electrodes are then below the stalk divider at the height of the crop plant companion.
  • Fig. 8 shows schematically a stalk divider (10) together with a contact electrode (20) in use when controlling a crop plant companion (50) in a crop of crop plants (40).
  • the straw divider (10) and the contact electrode (20) are those from FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 8 (a) it can be seen that the crop plant companion (50) has a height H K that is less than that Height of the surrounding crops HG.
  • Fig. 8 (b) it can be seen that the stalk divider (10) is brought to a height which is less than the growth height H G of the crop plants but greater than the growth height H K of the crop plant companion.
  • the contact electrode (20) is located below the straw divider (10) at the height of the companion's crop.
  • Fig. 8 (b) it can be seen that the straw divider moves together with the contact electrode (20) out of the picture and thereby leads the crop plants (40) to the side and past the contact electrode (20).
  • the crop plant companion (50) with the lower stature height H K is not detected by the straw divider (10). It comes into contact with the contact electrode (20).

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
  • Control Of Vehicle Engines Or Engines For Specific Uses (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention se rapporte à la lutte contre des plantes apparaissant comme des phénomènes indésirables dans un champ de plantes cultivées à l'aide de l'énergie électrique. La présente invention concerne un procédé, un dispositif et un véhicule destinés à la lutte contre ces plantes.
EP19790556.5A 2018-11-02 2019-10-28 Lutte contre des plantes faisant appel à l'énergie électrique Withdrawn EP3873206A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP18204105.3A EP3646726A1 (fr) 2018-11-02 2018-11-02 Lutte contre les plantes au moyen de l'énergie électrique
PCT/EP2019/079374 WO2020089160A1 (fr) 2018-11-02 2019-10-28 Lutte contre des plantes faisant appel à l'énergie électrique

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3873206A1 true EP3873206A1 (fr) 2021-09-08

Family

ID=64172263

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP18204105.3A Ceased EP3646726A1 (fr) 2018-11-02 2018-11-02 Lutte contre les plantes au moyen de l'énergie électrique
EP19790556.5A Withdrawn EP3873206A1 (fr) 2018-11-02 2019-10-28 Lutte contre des plantes faisant appel à l'énergie électrique

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP18204105.3A Ceased EP3646726A1 (fr) 2018-11-02 2018-11-02 Lutte contre les plantes au moyen de l'énergie électrique

Country Status (11)

Country Link
US (1) US20230329221A1 (fr)
EP (2) EP3646726A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2022506343A (fr)
KR (1) KR20210086632A (fr)
CN (1) CN112969369A (fr)
AR (1) AR116969A1 (fr)
AU (1) AU2019373559A1 (fr)
BR (1) BR112021007135A2 (fr)
CA (1) CA3118164A1 (fr)
MX (1) MX2021005093A (fr)
WO (1) WO2020089160A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11937594B2 (en) * 2018-07-19 2024-03-26 Bayer Aktiengesellschaft Controlling undesirable plants using electrical energy

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EP3544418A1 (fr) 2016-11-28 2019-10-02 Zasso GmbH Procédé et dispositif d'entretien de surfaces de sol et dispositif de destruction des mauvaises herbes

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20230329221A1 (en) 2023-10-19
AU2019373559A1 (en) 2021-05-27
KR20210086632A (ko) 2021-07-08
CA3118164A1 (fr) 2020-05-07
WO2020089160A1 (fr) 2020-05-07
EP3646726A1 (fr) 2020-05-06
BR112021007135A2 (pt) 2021-07-20
MX2021005093A (es) 2021-06-15
CN112969369A (zh) 2021-06-15
JP2022506343A (ja) 2022-01-17
AR116969A1 (es) 2021-06-30

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