EP3897126A1 - Lutte contre des plantes - Google Patents

Lutte contre des plantes

Info

Publication number
EP3897126A1
EP3897126A1 EP19829469.6A EP19829469A EP3897126A1 EP 3897126 A1 EP3897126 A1 EP 3897126A1 EP 19829469 A EP19829469 A EP 19829469A EP 3897126 A1 EP3897126 A1 EP 3897126A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
plant
contact
electrode
contact electrode
ground
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP19829469.6A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Michael Kilian
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bayer AG
Original Assignee
Bayer AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bayer AG filed Critical Bayer AG
Publication of EP3897126A1 publication Critical patent/EP3897126A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
    • A01M21/00—Apparatus for the destruction of unwanted vegetation, e.g. weeds
    • A01M21/04—Apparatus for destruction by steam, chemicals, burning, or electricity
    • A01M21/046—Apparatus for destruction by steam, chemicals, burning, or electricity by electricity
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01D—HARVESTING; MOWING
    • A01D43/00—Mowers combined with apparatus performing additional operations while mowing
    • A01D43/06—Mowers combined with apparatus performing additional operations while mowing with means for collecting, gathering or loading mown material
    • A01D43/063—Mowers combined with apparatus performing additional operations while mowing with means for collecting, gathering or loading mown material in or into a container carried by the mower; Containers therefor
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
    • A01M21/00—Apparatus for the destruction of unwanted vegetation, e.g. weeds
    • A01M21/02—Apparatus for mechanical destruction

Definitions

  • the present invention is concerned with the control of plants by means of electrical energy and the subsequent mechanical removal of constituents of the plants.
  • the present invention relates to a method and a device for controlling unwanted plants using electrical and mechanical means.
  • ballast bed For example, the control of plants on track systems is absolutely necessary for safety reasons.
  • the ballast bed must be cleared of vegetation and / or kept free.
  • the ballast bed is usually flexible and helps to transfer both static and dynamic loads evenly to the substructure.
  • the countless cavities between the individual stones cushion the enormous weight of moving trains and the bumps like a buffer.
  • Plants can sprout in the joints of sidewalks, roadsides, gutters, parking areas, squares and the like.
  • the roots can damage the structures.
  • paving stones that are pushed up by roots pose a safety risk due to the risk of stumbling. Again, it is advisable to control the plants.
  • a number of measures are available for controlling plants, for example the application of a herbicide, mechanical removal or control using electrical energy.
  • the respective plant When controlling undesirable plants using electrical energy, the respective plant is brought into contact with a first electrode (also referred to in this description as a contact electrode).
  • a second electrode also referred to as a collecting electrode in this description
  • a voltage is applied between the electrodes.
  • an electrical current flows from the first electrode through at least part of the plant and the soil to the second electrode. The roots are also through the electrical current detected. This electric shock will weaken or kill the plant.
  • the destroyed plants When controlling plants with electrical energy, the destroyed plants usually remain in or on the ground, where they gradually rot or are removed by erosion. However, plants or plant remains remaining in or on the ground are often not only undesirable for aesthetic reasons.
  • the rotting parts of the plant can be a source of infestation with pests such as fungi. People can slip on the plants or plant remains on sidewalks or squares. Furthermore, the remaining organic material (for example as a germ bed) can promote the sprouting of other plants.
  • a first object of the invention is a device comprising a collecting electrode, the collecting electrode being designed in such a way that it can be brought into contact with the ground,
  • a contact electrode the contact electrode being designed such that it can be brought to a defined height above the floor, the contact electrode being attached to the device in a front region of the device,
  • a removal tool which is located behind the contact electrode
  • the device being designed so that it can be moved over the ground and the contact electrode comes into contact with plants growing in the ground during such movement, an electrical current being generated between the contact electrode and the collecting electrode in such a contact flows through components of the plants, and the components of the plants located above the ground are removed following the current flow through the removal tool.
  • Another object of the present invention is a method comprising the steps - providing a device
  • a collecting electrode the collecting electrode being designed such that it is in contact with a floor
  • a contact electrode the contact electrode being designed so that it is at a defined height above the ground
  • a disposal tool Moving the device across the ground in the direction of an undesirable plant, the contact electrode being in front of the removal tool in the direction of movement, and
  • Undesirable plants can be, for example, weeds / grasses in a field of crop plants, plants in ballast beds of track systems, plants on sidewalks or driveways or on the edge of roads, plants on non-cultivated land such as on industrial sites or the like.
  • control is understood to mean preventing the spread or reduction of the amount of unwanted plants present.
  • the first step is to combat it using electrical energy that is introduced into the plant.
  • the energy is introduced with the aid of at least two electrodes, between which there is an electrical voltage: with at least one contact electrode and at least one collector electrode.
  • the aim is to weaken or destroy the undesired plant by flowing an electrical current between the at least two electrodes, which flows through at least part of the plant and thereby detects the roots of the plant in order to prevent it from emerging again.
  • the contact electrode can be designed as a cantilever, mesh, grid, tape, brush, lance or the like. Several contact electrodes can also be present.
  • the collecting electrode can be designed as a cantilever, net, grid, tape, brush, wheel, plow, lance or the like. Several collecting electrodes can also be present.
  • the voltage between the at least two electrodes is generated via a voltage source.
  • the voltage source can be, for example, a generator or an accumulator. It is also conceivable that the device according to the invention has several voltage sources.
  • the voltage between the contact electrode and the collecting electrode can be a direct voltage or an alternating voltage. It is preferably an AC voltage. It can be a sinusoidal AC voltage, a sawtooth voltage, a square wave voltage or some other form.
  • the plant is brought into contact with the contact electrode.
  • the contact electrode is moved horizontally across a floor in which the unwanted plant is present (or multiple unwanted plants are present).
  • soil is understood to mean an area of the earth's surface in which plants grow.
  • the soil is preferably the soil, whereby track systems, streets, walkways, squares and other areas in which plants can occur should also fall under the term soil.
  • the contact electrode When controlling the plant, the contact electrode is usually at a defined height above the ground in which the plant grows.
  • the height above the ground is usually selected such that the contact electrode comes into contact with an upper part of the undesired plant when moving horizontally above the ground.
  • the upper part can be the upper half or the upper third or another fraction of the plant.
  • the contact electrode touches a middle part or a lower part of the plant.
  • the contact electrode touches the floor (in such a case the defined height above the floor is zero).
  • the height of the contact electrode is preferably adjustable.
  • a distance sensor is preferably present or there are several distance sensors with which the distance of the contact electrode from the floor can be determined.
  • distance of the contact electrode to the floor is preferably understood to mean the vertical distance of the contact electrode from the floor. It is preferably the shortest distance between the bottom and an outer end of the contact electrode that is closest to the bottom. If you drop a solder from the outer end of the contact electrode that is closest to the floor to the floor, the “distance of the contact electrode to the floor” preferably corresponds to the length of this solder.
  • a control unit is preferably provided, with which a defined distance between the contact electrode and the base can be set and / or kept automatically.
  • the defined distance can be a minimum distance from the ground; it can also be a maximum distance from the ground.
  • Distance sensors are commercially available in a variety of forms and are based on different measuring principles such as radar (W. Paul, H. Speckmann: Radar sensors - new Technologies for precise inventory management, agricultural engineering 59, 2/2004, pages 92 to 93.), laser light (https://www.researchgate.net/publication/265943938) or ultrasound (D.
  • radar W. Paul, H. Speckmann: Radar sensors - new Technologies for precise inventory management, agricultural engineering 59, 2/2004, pages 92 to 93.
  • laser light https://www.researchgate.net/publication/265943938
  • ultrasound D.
  • the defined distance can also depend on the height of the plants to be controlled.
  • At least one plant sensor is preferably present, with which the height of the plants to be controlled can be determined.
  • the aim may be to bring the contact electrode into contact with a plant in the region of the upper third or in the region of the upper half of the plant or in contact with another fraction of the plant when the device according to the invention is moved. It is conceivable, for example, that the device according to the invention has one or more cameras with which it is determined at which height the plants end (stature height).
  • the height of plants can also be determined with one or more distance sensors: if you measure the horizontal distance between a distance sensor and a plant and move the distance sensor horizontally, the horizontal distance increases suddenly when the top of the plant is reached (to to infinity if there is no other object behind the plant); the height of the distance sensor above the ground when the horizontal distance to the plant suddenly increases corresponds to the plant's height.
  • the collecting electrode is usually attached so that it touches the ground. It is therefore preferably designed as a sliding contact, a plow or a wheel that continuously touches the ground when the device is moved. However, it is also conceivable that the collecting electrode only touches the ground temporarily, for example when the contact electrode is in contact with an undesired plant.
  • the device according to the invention can have one or more contact sensors which detect whether the contact electrode is in contact with a plant. With such a contact, the collecting electrode can be brought into contact with the ground.
  • a contact sensor can be, for example, a microswitch, a strain gauge, or a piezoelectric sensor. It is also conceivable to use a photodiode on which less (daylight) light falls when it comes into contact with a plant.
  • a voltage is only applied between the contact electrode and the collecting electrode when the contact electrode comes into contact with a plant. It is also conceivable that there are a plurality of contact electrodes which are arranged, for example, next to one another (such an arrangement preferably extending perpendicular to the direction of movement and horizontally to the ground), only those contact electrodes which are in contact with a plant being live.
  • the collecting electrode is usually at a constant distance from the contact electrode; however, it is also conceivable that the distance to the contact electrode can be varied.
  • the term “distance between the collecting electrode and the contact electrode” is preferably understood to mean the horizontal distance. It is preferably the shortest Distance between the collecting electrode and the contact electrode, the distance between those areas of the collecting electrode and the contact electrode which are closest to one another being determined.
  • the distance between the collecting electrode and the contact electrode is a parameter that influences the depth of penetration of the electrical current into the ground. In simple terms, the greater the distance between the collecting electrode and the contact electrode, the greater the depth of penetration. The greater the depth of penetration, the deeper the roots of the plant are captured by the current flow. On the other hand, the electrical resistance between the contact electrode and the collecting electrode and thus the amount of energy to be applied increase with increasing distance. Empirical series of experiments can be used to determine optimal distances for various plants, plant sizes, soil types and soil moisture levels for effective plant control with minimal energy consumption.
  • the second step is to remove constituents of the controlled plant.
  • the first and second steps can also take place in parallel. Removal is usually limited to parts of plants above the ground. Usually it is the components of a plant above the ground that can cause a problem. The roots are destroyed by the control with electrical energy, so that the plant is not sprouted again. The roots can therefore remain in the soil and only the plant components above the soil are removed. Since it is not necessary to remove the entire plant including the roots, the mechanical removal in the second step is comparatively low compared to the complete removal.
  • the combination of electrical control and mechanical removal of the plant parts above the ground is a more effective, faster and cheaper method compared to the individual measures or the mechanical removal of the plant including the roots.
  • the parts of the plants above the ground are removed with a removal tool.
  • the plant parts above the ground can, for example, be cut off, torn off, kinked, or otherwise separated from the root system.
  • the removal tool can accordingly be designed as a cutting tool, sawing tool, abrasion tool, tear tool and / or the like.
  • Removal tool can be designed like a tool described in the prior art (see e.g. DE4135414A1, DE20309769U1, GB2461536A, US2015201607A, US5842331A, DE19840424A1, DE10055473A1).
  • a combination of different tools or the use of a plurality of removal tools is also conceivable.
  • the removal tool is designed as a rotating wire brush, as is described, for example, in US5842331A, WO2018 / 226768, DE102017110776A1, DE102012002894A1 or in US2015201607A.
  • the rotating brush can rotate about an axis that is horizontal, that is, parallel to the floor. It is also conceivable to use a rotating brush that rotates around an axis that runs vertically (perpendicular to the floor). It is also conceivable that a pair of vertical rotating brushes with opposite directions of rotation is present. It is conceivable that there are several brushes or pairs of brushes.
  • the removal tool is designed as a cutting tool.
  • the cutting tool can be designed in the form of one or more horizontally or vertically rotating blades (see, for example, CN108738675A, US2018338426A,
  • the cutting tool can also be designed as a horizontally extending blade or an arrangement of blades that extend forward in the direction of movement (see, for example, CN108907914A, CN108575271A, CN108012656A, US2018168101A, US2017049051A).
  • the removal tool can be arranged behind the contact electrode in the direction of movement of the device according to the invention, so that when the device is moved in the direction of an undesired plant, the undesired plant comes into contact with the contact electrode in a first step and the undesired plant with the removal tool in a second step comes into contact. Contact with the contact electrode leads to weakening or destruction of the plant, which also affects the root system.
  • the disposal tool separates plant components above the ground from plant components in the ground.
  • the removal tool also functions as a contact electrode, so that the control with electrical energy and the mechanical removal of plant components take place simultaneously in one step.
  • a rotating wire brush to be used both as a contact electrode and as a removal tool. An electrical voltage is applied between the rotating wire brush and one or more collecting electrodes. If the plant comes into contact with the rotating wire brush, a current flows through the brush ends through the plant. At the same time, the plant can be pinched between the brush ends or impaled by the brush ends and torn apart by the rotational movement or torn from the ground.
  • the removal tool functioning as a contact electrode can also be designed as a blade.
  • An electrical voltage is applied between the blade and one or more collecting electrodes.
  • an electric current flows through the blade through the plant.
  • the plant is cut with the blade.
  • the removal tool can function simultaneously as a collecting electrode.
  • the collecting electrode / removal tool can be designed as a rotating wire brush that is in contact with the ground.
  • the contact electrode can be located in front of the rotating wire brush in the direction of movement. There is an electrical voltage between the contact electrode and the rotating wire brush. If the device according to the invention approaches a plant, the plant first comes into contact with the contact electrode. An electrical current flows between the wire brush and the contact electrode, which detects components of the plant. If the device moves further in the direction of movement, the plant is gripped and torn by the rotating wire brush.
  • the removal tool is designed to be height-adjustable. There is preferably at least one distance sensor with which the distance of the removal tool from the floor can be determined.
  • distance of the removal tool to the floor is preferably understood to mean the vertical distance. It is preferably the shortest distance between the floor and an outer end of the removal tool that is closest to the floor. If you drop a solder from the outer end of the removal tool that is closest to the floor to the floor, the “distance of the removal tool to the floor” preferably corresponds to the length of this solder.
  • a control unit is preferably provided, with which a defined distance between the removal tool and the floor can be set and / or kept automatically.
  • the defined distance can be a minimum distance from the ground; it can also be a maximum distance from the ground.
  • a collection container for the separated plant components is located behind the removal tool in the direction of movement of the device according to the invention.
  • the plant components are automatically separated and automatically conveyed into the collecting container.
  • the device according to the invention can be designed as a vehicle or can be designed to be connectable to a vehicle.
  • a vehicle can be an agricultural machine (e.g. a tractor), a road vehicle (e.g. a Unimog), a rail vehicle or the like.
  • the device according to the invention can also be designed as a manned or unmanned aircraft (drone).
  • the device according to the invention can also be designed as a robot that moves autonomously on the ground in which undesired plants grow.
  • the device according to the invention can be designed such that it moves autonomously or controlled by a person over a field, on a vineyard, over a square, along a street, over a track system, along rails or the like and combats undesirable plants.
  • the device according to the invention can be equipped with means for detecting unwanted plants.
  • the digital images can be analyzed to determine whether there are any unwanted plants.
  • parameters of the device according to the invention can be adapted to the identified plants, for example: applying a voltage between at least one (defined) contact electrode and at least one (defined) collecting electrode, level of voltage, with alternating voltage frequency of alternating voltage and / or form of alternating voltage, distance of the contact electrode to the floor, distance of the removal tool to the floor, speed of movement of the device above the floor and the like.
  • These adjustments can be made by one or more control units of the device according to the invention.
  • the means for recognizing undesirable plants can be designed in such a way that they recognize plants or even recognize individual plant species. Such agents are described in the prior art (see, for example: WO2018141995A1, WO2018154490A1).
  • the device according to the invention is a portable device that can be attached to a vehicle or aircraft. It is also conceivable that the device consists of several components (elements) which are individually attached to a vehicle or aircraft in order to practice the invention. Individual elements can be: a voltage source or a plurality of voltage sources, a contact electrode or a plurality of contact electrodes (e.g. an arrangement of contact electrodes), a collecting electrode or a plurality of collecting electrodes (e.g. an arrangement of collecting electrodes), a removal tool or a plurality of removal tools (e.g. (e.g. an arrangement of
  • Disposal tools a collecting container or a plurality of collecting containers (e.g. an arrangement of collecting containers), a sensor or several sensors and a control unit or a plurality of control units.
  • a collecting container or a plurality of collecting containers e.g. an arrangement of collecting containers
  • a sensor or several sensors e.g. an arrangement of collecting containers
  • a control unit or a plurality of control units e.g. an arrangement of collecting containers
  • Further embodiments of the present invention are:
  • a collecting electrode the collecting electrode being designed such that it is in contact with a floor or can be brought into contact with the floor
  • a contact electrode the contact electrode being designed such that it is at a defined height above the floor or can be brought to a defined height above the floor,
  • a voltage source for applying a voltage between the contact electrode and the collecting electrode
  • the device is designed so that it can be moved across the floor in the direction of an undesirable plant, wherein
  • a device according to embodiment 1, wherein the contact electrode is attached to the device in a front region which is located when the device moves in one direction of movement, • The removal tool is attached to the device in a rear area, which is located behind the contact electrode when the device is moved in the direction of movement. 4. A device according to one of the embodiments 1 to 3, wherein the removal tool and / or the contact electrode are / is designed as a rotating wire brush.
  • a device designed as a blade or an arrangement of blades.
  • a device according to one of the embodiments 1 to 5, wherein the collecting electrode is designed as a sliding contact, plow or wheel.
  • a device according to one of the embodiments 1, 3, 4 or 5, the removal tool simultaneously functioning as a collecting electrode.
  • a device according to one of the embodiments 1 to 7, wherein the collecting electrode and / or the removal tool are / is designed as a rotating wire brush.
  • a device comprising one or more
  • a device comprising one or more plant sensors for determining the height of the plants and / or one or more contact sensors for determining a contact of the contact electrode with a plant.
  • a device comprising a control unit that is configured to set the distance between the contact electrode and the bottom, the distance between the removal tool and the bottom, and / or the distance between the collecting electrode and the contact electrode set a defined value and / or keep it at a defined value.
  • a device comprising a collecting container for holding separated plant components.
  • a collecting electrode the collecting electrode being designed such that it is in contact with a floor
  • a contact electrode the contact electrode being designed so that it is at a defined height above the ground
  • a voltage source with which a voltage is applied between the contact electrode and the collecting electrode and
  • a collecting electrode the collecting electrode being designed such that it is in contact with a floor
  • a contact electrode the contact electrode being designed such that it is at a defined height above the ground, and the contact electrode being attached to the device in a front region which is located when the device is moved in one direction of movement,
  • a voltage source with which a voltage is applied between the contact electrode and the collecting electrode and
  • a removal tool the removal tool being attached to the device in a rear region which is located behind the contact electrode when the device is moved in the direction of movement,
  • Contact electrode acts or the removal tool also acts as a collecting electrode.
  • FIG 1 shows schematically an embodiment of the device according to the invention.
  • the device is designed as a vehicle (10).
  • the vehicle (10) moves in the direction of movement (R) towards a plant (20) growing in the soil (30).
  • a contact electrode (11) is attached at a defined vertical distance A above the floor (30).
  • a collecting electrode (12) is in contact with the bottom (30).
  • a voltage source (13) can be used to apply an electrical voltage between the contact electrode (11) and the collecting electrode (12). If the vehicle (10) moves in the direction of movement (R) towards the plant (20), the contact electrode touches the plant (20).
  • FIG. 1 shows schematically a further embodiment of the device according to the invention.
  • the device is designed as a vehicle (10).
  • the vehicle (10) moves in the direction of movement (R) towards a plant (20) growing in the soil (30).
  • a contact electrode (11) is attached to the front of the vehicle (10) and has a defined vertical distance A from the floor.
  • a rotating wire brush is attached to the rear of the vehicle (10) and functions simultaneously as a collecting electrode (12) and as a removal tool (14). The rotating wire brush is in contact with the floor (30).
  • An electrical voltage is applied between the contact electrode (11) and the wire brush via a voltage source (13). If the vehicle (10) moves in the direction of movement (R) towards the plant (20), the plant (20) comes into contact with the contact electrode (11).

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
  • Hydroponics (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne la lutte contre des plantes (20) au moyen d'énergie électrique (13) et par élimination mécanique (14) de parties des plantes. La présente invention concerne notamment un procédé et un dispositif pour lutter contre des plantes indésirables à l'aide de moyens électriques et mécaniques.
EP19829469.6A 2018-12-19 2019-12-13 Lutte contre des plantes Withdrawn EP3897126A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP18213830 2018-12-19
PCT/EP2019/085057 WO2020126896A1 (fr) 2018-12-19 2019-12-13 Lutte contre des plantes

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3897126A1 true EP3897126A1 (fr) 2021-10-27

Family

ID=64746039

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19829469.6A Withdrawn EP3897126A1 (fr) 2018-12-19 2019-12-13 Lutte contre des plantes

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US20220053752A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP3897126A1 (fr)
AU (1) AU2019409106A1 (fr)
CA (1) CA3124162A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2020126896A1 (fr)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102019219896A1 (de) * 2019-12-17 2021-06-17 Deere & Company Vorrichtung zur Bekämpfung unerwünschter Lebewesen

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US20220053752A1 (en) 2022-02-24
AU2019409106A1 (en) 2021-06-24
WO2020126896A1 (fr) 2020-06-25

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