Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
  • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
  • C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
  • C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
  • C23C18/48—Coating with alloys
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
  • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
  • B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
  • B22F1/17—Metallic particles coated with metal
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
  • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
  • B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
  • B22F1/18—Non-metallic particles coated with metal
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
  • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
  • B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
  • B22F9/16—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes
  • B22F9/18—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes with reduction of metal compounds
  • B22F9/24—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes with reduction of metal compounds starting from liquid metal compounds, e.g. solutions
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
  • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
  • C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
  • C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
  • C23C18/1601—Process or apparatus
  • C23C18/1633—Process of electroless plating
  • C23C18/1635—Composition of the substrate
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
  • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
  • C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
  • C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
  • C23C18/1601—Process or apparatus
  • C23C18/1633—Process of electroless plating
  • C23C18/1635—Composition of the substrate
  • C23C18/1639—Substrates other than metallic, e.g. inorganic or organic or non-conductive
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
  • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
  • C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
  • C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
  • C23C18/1601—Process or apparatus
  • C23C18/1633—Process of electroless plating
  • C23C18/1635—Composition of the substrate
  • C23C18/1639—Substrates other than metallic, e.g. inorganic or organic or non-conductive
  • C23C18/1641—Organic substrates, e.g. resin, plastic
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
  • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
  • C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
  • C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
  • C23C18/1601—Process or apparatus
  • C23C18/1633—Process of electroless plating
  • C23C18/1655—Process features
  • C23C18/1658—Process features with two steps starting with metal deposition followed by addition of reducing agent
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
  • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
  • C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
  • C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
  • C23C18/31—Coating with metals
  • C23C18/42—Coating with noble metals
  • C23C18/44—Coating with noble metals using reducing agents
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
  • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
  • C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
  • C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
  • C23C18/52—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating using reducing agents for coating with metallic material not provided for in a single one of groups C23C18/32 - C23C18/50
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
  • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
  • B22F2301/00—Metallic composition of the powder or its coating
  • B22F2301/25—Noble metals, i.e. Ag Au, Ir, Os, Pd, Pt, Rh, Ru
  • B22F2301/255—Silver or gold

Definitions

• the invention relates to an efficient process for the production of a particulate carrier material equipped with elemental silver and elemental ruthenium.
• WO 2007/139735 A2 discloses a method for the production of nano / microparticles with a core-shell structure.
• the particles comprise a non-metallic core with a transition metal / noble metal shell.
• the transition metals / noble metals are selected from copper, nickel, silver, palladium, platinum, ruthenium, gold, osmium and rhodium.
• the preparation can be carried out by providing a transition metal salt / noble metal salt solution, dispersing nano / microparticles in the salt solution, evaporating the solvent to obtain a slurry comprising coated nano / microparticles, adding a reducing agent to the slurry, and drying the slurry.
• WO 2007/142579 A1 discloses a polymer matrix comprising an electron donor and metal particles comprising at least one metal selected from the group consisting of palladium, gold, ruthenium, rhodium, osmium, iridium and platinum.
• the electron donor can be at least one less noble metal, for example silver.
• the sequential deposition of silver and at least one further metal selected from the group consisting of palladium, gold, ruthenium, rhodium, osmium, iridium and platinum is disclosed as the production method. The deposition takes place in each case from a suspension of the metal particles in question by bringing them into contact with the polymer matrix.
• WO 2009/044146 A1 discloses a material comprising metallic nanoparticles with a diameter of 1 to 30 nm supported on a porous polysaccharide derivative.
• the metal of the nanoparticles can be a noble metal.
• the material can be produced by adding the porous polysaccharide to a solvent, adding a salt of the metal in question, stirring the mixture at an elevated temperature and separating the supported nanoparticles from the mixture.
• the object of the invention was to provide an efficient process, which can be scaled to a production scale, for the production of a particulate carrier material equipped with elemental silver and elemental ruthenium.
• Carrier materials equipped in this way can be used as additives for the antimicrobial finish of the most varied Materials are used, for example in or on metal surfaces, coating agents, plasters, molding compounds, plastics, synthetic resin products, silicone products, foams, textiles, cosmetics, hygiene articles and much more.
• the method according to the invention can also be understood as a method for equipping a particulate carrier material with elemental silver and elemental ruthenium, comprising the successive steps a) to e).
• Steps a) to e) are successive steps, and they can be directly successive steps without intermediate steps.
• step a) of the process according to the invention a water-insoluble particulate carrier material and (i) said aqueous solutions A and B or (ii) said aqueous solution C are provided. Preference is given to providing the aqueous solution C.
• the particulate support material is in the solid state of aggregation.
• the carrier material particles can have a wide variety of particle shapes. For example, they can be irregularly shaped or they can have a defined shape, for example spherical, oval, platelet-shaped or rod-shaped.
• the carrier material particles can be porous and / or have cavities or neither. They can have a smooth or rough or textured outer surface.
• the carrier material particles can have an average particle size (d50), for example in the range from 20 to 100 ⁇ m.
• the term “mean particle size” means the mean particle diameter (d50) which can be determined by means of laser diffraction. Laser diffraction measurements can be carried out with a suitable particle size measuring device, for example a Mastersizer 3000 from Malvern Instruments.
• the absolute particle sizes are generally not less than 1 ⁇ m and they generally do not exceed 1000 ⁇ m.
• the water-insoluble particulate carrier material has a more or less high water absorption capacity between the particles and optionally also within the particles, for example within pores and / or in depressions on the particle surface.
• the water-insoluble particulate carrier material can be swellable with water or even capable of forming a hydrogel.
• water-insoluble carrier material the actual water-insoluble carrier material is not only insensitive to water but also to the chemicals which come into contact with it in the process according to the invention; otherwise it could in principle not successfully perform the function of a carrier material or that of a water-insoluble carrier material. It is selected in such a way that it is neither attacked, dissolved or impaired in its properties as a carrier material by water nor by said chemicals or chemical combinations.
• the water-insoluble actual carrier material as such is preferably a non-water-repellent material. It is preferably hydrophilic, but, as already mentioned, is insoluble in water in any case.
• the actual carrier material can be a material selected from inorganic or organic substances or materials, each in particle form, for example as a powder.
• the carrier material is a silver and ruthenium-free material or a silver and ruthenium-free material.
• Examples include glass; Nitrides such as aluminum nitride, titanium nitride, silicon nitride; refractory oxides such as aluminum oxide, titanium dioxide, silicon dioxide, for example as silica or quartz; Silicates such as sodium aluminum silicate, zirconium silicate, zeolites; Plastics such as (meth) acrylic homo- and copolymers and polyamides; modified or unmodified polymers of natural origin such as, for example, polysaccharides and derivatives, in particular cellulose and cellulose derivatives; Carbon substrates, especially porous carbon substrates; and wood.
• Nitrides such as aluminum nitride, titanium nitride, silicon nitride
• refractory oxides such as aluminum oxide, titanium dioxide, silicon dioxide, for example as silica or quartz
• Silicates such as sodium aluminum silicate, zirconium silicate, zeolites
• Plastics such as (meth) acrylic homo- and copolymers and polyamides
• Cellulose powder is a preferred particulate carrier material, in particular in the form of linear cellulose fibers with a fiber length in the range from, for example, 10 to 1000 ⁇ m.
• the aqueous solution A provided in step a) (i) comprises dissolved silver precursors and the aqueous solution B likewise provided in step a) (i) comprises dissolved ruthenium precursors.
• aqueous solution A is a solution and not a disperse system; In other words, the aqueous solution A typically does not contain any undissolved substances, i.e. also no precipitates or deposits.
• the aqueous solution A is characterized in that, in addition to water as a solvent, it also includes one or more silver (I) compounds dissolved therein.
• the silver (I) compounds as well as any substances that are intentionally or unintentionally present in the aqueous solution A are typically selected in such a way that the aqueous solution A as such and preferably also when combined or in contact with the aqueous solution B does not contain or precipitate. that it does not come to the formation of such.
• aqueous solution B is a solution and not a disperse system; in other words, the aqueous solution B typically does not contain any undissolved substances, ie also no precipitates or deposits.
• the aqueous solution B is distinguished by the fact that, in addition to water as a solvent, it also includes one or more ruthenium compounds dissolved therein.
• the ruthenium compounds as well as any intentionally or unintentionally present in the aqueous solution B substances are typically selected so that the aqueous solution B as such and preferably also in the case of combination or contact with the aqueous solution A does not have any precipitates or precipitates or that such does not form.
• the aqueous solution C preferably provided in step a) (ii) comprises both dissolved silver precursors and dissolved ruthenium precursors.
• aqueous solution C a solution and not a disperse system; In other words, the aqueous solution C does not contain any undissolved substances, i.e. also no precipitates or deposits.
• the aqueous solution C is characterized in that, in addition to water as a solvent, it also includes one or more silver (I) compounds dissolved therein and one or more ruthenium compounds dissolved therein.
• the silver (I) compounds and the ruthenium compounds as well as any intentionally or unintentionally present substances in the aqueous solution C are selected in such a way that the aqueous solution C has no precipitates or precipitations or that they do not form.
• Silver precursors and ruthenium precursors are one or more silver (I) compounds and one or more ruthenium compounds.
• the one or more ruthenium compounds are selected from the group consisting of ruthenium (II) compounds, ruthenium (III) compounds and ruthenium (IV) compounds; in particular, they are ruthenium (III) compounds.
• the silver (I) and ruthenium compounds used as silver precursors and ruthenium precursors are those from which elemental silver or elemental ruthenium can be produced by means of the reducing agent hydrazine. Examples include silver acetate, silver nitrate, silver sulfate, ruthenium acetate and ruthenium nitrosyl nitrate.
• Ruthenium chloride is suitable as a constituent of aqueous solution B, but is not preferred there either; it is not suitable as a component of the aqueous solution C.
• a particularly preferred combination of said precursors is that of silver nitrate with ruthenium nitrosyl nitrate, both together in the aqueous solution C and in the combination of the aqueous solution A with the aqueous solution B.
• aqueous solutions A and B are used in combination in step b), within this combination, for example, in a weight ratio in the range from 1 to 2000 parts by weight of silver: 1 part by weight of ruthenium.
• the proportion by weight of silver in the aqueous solution A is, for example, in the range from 0.5 to 20% by weight (% by weight).
• the proportion by weight of ruthenium in the aqueous solution B is, for example, in the range from 0.5 to 20% by weight.
• the silver: ruthenium weight ratio in the aqueous solution C is, for example, in the range from 1 to 2000 parts by weight of silver: 1 part by weight of ruthenium and is generally clearly in favor of silver.
• This silver: ruthenium weight ratio is also found in the process product obtained after the end of step e), i.e. the particulate carrier material equipped with elemental silver and elemental ruthenium.
• the silver plus ruthenium weight fraction in the aqueous solution C is, for example, in the range from 0.5 to 20% by weight.
• step b) of the process according to the invention the water-insoluble particulate carrier material and (i) the aqueous solutions A and B or preferably (ii) the aqueous solution C are in contact with one another to form an intermediate, preferably an intermediate in the form of a free-flowing impregnated particulate material brought.
• the intermediate is a mixture of the water-insoluble particulate carrier material and (i) the aqueous solutions A and B or preferably (ii) the aqueous solution C.
• the intermediate can have different shapes, for example that of a pulpy, pasty or dough-like mass or that of a slurry.
• the intermediate is a free-flowing impregnated particulate material and step b) is designed accordingly.
• free flowable impregnated particulate material as used herein describes a material in the form (i) with the aqueous solutions A and B or preferably (ii) with the aqueous solution C impregnated grains or flakes, which each have one or more particles of the original particulate Include carrier material or can consist of it.
• the free-flowing impregnated particulate material is not liquid, it is not a liquid dispersion or suspension; rather, it is a free-flowing material of the type of free-flowing powder.
• a cylindrical measuring drum can be filled with a defined volume of the free-flowing impregnated particulate material.
• the measuring drum has a defined diameter and a defined depth.
• the measuring drum rotates around the horizontally oriented cylinder axis at a defined constant speed.
• One of the two end faces of the cylinder, which together enclose the filled, free-flowing, impregnated particulate material in the cylindrical measuring drum, is transparent. Before starting the measurement, the measuring drum is rotated for 60 seconds.
• recordings of the free-flowing impregnated particulate material are then made along the axis of rotation of the measuring drum with a camera at a high frame rate of, for example, 5 to 15 frames per second.
• the camera parameters can be selected in such a way that the highest possible contrast is achieved at the material-air interface.
• the free-flowing impregnated particulate material is dragged along against gravity up to a certain height before it flows back into the lower part of the drum.
• the flow back is slippery (discontinuous) and is also known as an avalanche.
• a measurement is ended when a statistically relevant number of avalanches, for example 200 to 400 avalanches, has been registered.
• the camera images of the free-flowing impregnated particulate material are then evaluated by means of digital image analysis.
• the so-called avalanche angle and the time between two avalanches can be determined as parameters characteristic of the free flowability.
• the avalanche angle is the angle of the material surface when the avalanche breaks out and thus represents a measure of the height of the pile of the free-flowing impregnated particulate material before this pile collapses like an avalanche.
• the length of time between two avalanches corresponds to the time that elapses between the occurrence of two avalanches.
• the Revolution Powder Analyzer from PS Rothtechnik GmbH, Neuhausstrasse 36, CH-4057 Basel, is a suitable tool for carrying out said rotation powder analysis and for determining the avalanche angle and time between two avalanches. It is advisable to follow the operating instructions and recommendations enclosed with the device. The measurement is usually carried out at room temperature or 20 ° C.
• Impregnated particulate material can have an avalanche angle determined on the basis of a 100 mL test amount thereof with this device at 0.5 revolutions per minute and using a cylinder with an internal depth of 35 mm and an internal diameter of 100 mm, for example in the range of 40 to 80 degrees exhibit; the time between two avalanches can for example be in the range of 2 to 5 seconds and represent a further characterization feature for the free flowability of the free flowable impregnated particulate material.
• the particulate carrier material can be added to aqueous solution A and / or to aqueous solution B, or vice versa.
• the sequential, alternating or simultaneous addition of the aqueous solutions A and B to the initially introduced particulate carrier material is preferred.
• the mixture is mixed during and also after the addition, for example by stirring.
• the particulate carrier material can be added to the aqueous solution C or vice versa. Preference is given to adding the aqueous solution C to the particulate carrier material initially charged. In general, the mixture is mixed during and also after the addition, for example by stirring.
• step b) it is important to proceed in step b) in such a way that after the end of step b) no pasty or dough-like mass or slurry is obtained, but rather precisely the free-flowing impregnated particulate material is formed in the form of a macroscopically homogeneous product.
• the free flowability of the free flowable impregnated particulate material can be dependent, for example, on its grain size, the surface properties of its particles and the content of the latter in aqueous solution A plus aqueous solution B or aqueous solution C.
• step b it is expedient to allow the mixing of the particulate carrier material and (i) aqueous solution A and aqueous solution B or (ii) aqueous solution C sufficient time.
• the mixing is expediently carried out up to the aforementioned Macroscopically, a more homogeneous, in particular visually homogeneous, state of the mixed material is achieved.
• the actual addition can take place, for example, as metering in with mixing. Generally applicable times for metering rates and mixing times cannot be given here because of the dependence on the respective batch size and the type of components to be mixed, in particular the type of particulate carrier material.
• the volume of (i) the aqueous solution A and the aqueous solution B or (ii) the aqueous solution C can be determined via the respective concentration, the amount of the particulate carrier material to be brought into contact therewith and whose absorption behavior can be selected to be adapted to the aqueous solution (s).
• Such a procedure can contribute to the fact that the elemental silver and the elemental ruthenium can be deposited as completely as possible in and / or on the particulate carrier material in the following step c).
• the volume chosen is too large or the volumes chosen are too large, the aforementioned less preferred or even undesirable porridges, doughs, pastes or slurries and not the intermediate in the preferred form of the free-flowing impregnated particulate material arise.
• the person skilled in the art can easily determine the absorption behavior of a particular particulate carrier material for a relevant aqueous solution in orienting laboratory tests and thus determine the upper limit in liters of aqueous solution per kilogram of particulate carrier material without loss of free flowability.
• the successive steps b) and c) are preferably directly successive steps without intermediate steps, in particular without an intermediate removal of water from the intermediate, which is preferably in the form of the free-flowing impregnated particulate material.
• step c) of the process according to the invention the intermediate obtained after the end of step b) or the preferred free-flowing impregnated particulate material is mixed with an aqueous hydrazine having a pH in the range from> 7 to 14, preferably from> 11 to 14 Solution (for the sake of brevity in the Description and in the claims also referred to only as "aqueous hydrazine solution") brought into contact with the formation of a mass comprising elemental silver and elemental ruthenium.
• aqueous hydrazine solution for the sake of brevity in the Description and in the claims also referred to only as "aqueous hydrazine solution" brought into contact with the formation of a mass comprising elemental silver and elemental ruthenium.
• the pH of the aqueous hydrazine solution is particularly preferably in the range from 12 to 14.
• the basic pH of the aqueous hydrazine solution can be adjusted with a strong base, in particular with a corresponding amount of alkali hydroxide, especially sodium or potassium hydroxide.
• the hydrazine can be added as such, more precisely as hydrazine hydrate when preparing the aqueous hydrazine solution, or as a hydrazinium salt, for example as hydrazinium chloride or preferably as hydrazinium sulfate, from which hydrazine is released with the strong base.
• the hydrazine concentration of the aqueous hydrazine solution is generally, for example, in the range from 0.1 to 5% by weight, typically in the range from 0.2 to 1% by weight.
• the aqueous hydrazine solution does not contain any other ingredients besides water, hydrazine and base. If the hydrazine comes from a hydrazinium salt, the corresponding salt formed from base and hydrazinium salt is also included.
• 1 mol of the reducing agent hydrazine can provide 4 mol of reducing electrons and accordingly releases 1 mol of N 2 during a reduction. Accordingly, for example, to reduce 1 mol of Ag + 0.25 mol of hydrazine and to reduce 1 mol of Ru 3+, 0.75 mol of hydrazine is required.
• the aqueous hydrazine solution is stoichiometrically necessary for the complete reduction of the silver and ruthenium precursors contained in the intermediate or in the free-flowing impregnated particulate material or more, but preferably in not more than 110% of the stoichiometrically necessary amount, with the intermediate or with the free brought flowable impregnated particulate material into contact.
• the aqueous hydrazine solution can be added to the intermediate or to the free-flowing impregnated particulate material, or vice versa.
• the addition can take place at a temperature in the range from 15 to 50 ° C., for example.
• the reduction of the silver and ruthenium precursors to elemental silver and elemental ruthenium takes place immediately upon contact with the hydrazine.
• the reduction of the silver and ruthenium precursors takes place at the same time.
• mixing is usually carried out, for example by kneading and / or stirring.
• the end of the reduction can be recognized by the failure to release nitrogen.
• the mass comprising elemental silver and elemental ruthenium formed in step c) is a suspension or a slurry.
• the mass comprising elemental silver and elemental ruthenium formed in step c) comprises only a little free liquid or is even free of free liquid;
• a volume of the aqueous hydrazine solution adapted via the concentration can be used for this purpose.
• Free of free liquid means that the mass comprising elemental silver and elemental ruthenium does not undergo phase separation in the resting state even after 10 minutes in the sense of a separate aqueous phase forming as a supernatant above the mass comprising elemental silver and elemental ruthenium.
• step d) of the process according to the invention the material comprising elemental silver and elemental ruthenium obtained after completion of step c) can be washed, in particular by washing with water.
• Water-soluble constituents can be removed, for example base, optionally excess hydrazine and other water-soluble constituents.
• step e) of the process according to the invention water and any other volatile constituents present are removed from the mass obtained after the end of step c) or from the washed mass obtained after the end of step d).
• the removal of the water can take place in the sense of a practically complete liberation of water or in the sense of water removal until a desired residual moisture content is reached.
• the majority of the water can initially act using conventional methods such as squeezing, press filtration, suction filtration, centrifugation or similar Process can be removed before drying, optionally assisted by reduced pressure, at temperatures in the range from 20 to 150 ° C., for example.
• cellulose powder equipped with elemental silver and elemental ruthenium with a silver-plus-ruthenium weight fraction, for example in the range from 0.1 to 50, preferably 1 to 40% by weight
• a silver: ruthenium weight ratio for example in the range from 1 to 2000 parts by weight of silver: 1 part by weight of ruthenium, can be produced efficiently and in batch sizes of up to 5 tons, for example.
• the invention also relates to the products produced by the process according to the invention and their use as additives for the antimicrobial finishing of metal surfaces, coating agents, plasters, molding compounds, plastics, synthetic resin products, ion exchange resins, silicone products, foams, textiles, cosmetics, hygiene articles and much more.
• aqueous silver nitrate solution (silver content 36.24% by weight; 445 mmol Ag) and 2.60 g aqueous ruthenium nitrosyl nitrate solution (ruthenium content 19.0% by weight; 4.9 mmol Ru) were in 364.5 g VE -Water and the resulting aqueous precursor solution was mixed with 211.2 g of cellulose powder (Vitacel® L-600 from J.Rettenmaier and Sons GmbH & Co KG) homogeneously to form an orange-colored, free-flowing impregnated particulate material. 100 ml of this material were subjected to a rotary powder analysis at 20 ° C.
• the material was then filtered off with suction, washed with a total of 1000 ml of water and dried in a drying cabinet at 105 ° C./300 mbar to a residual moisture content of 15% by weight.
• a silver content of 18.9% by weight and a ruthenium content of 1.0% by weight of the end product (based on 0% by weight of residual moisture) were determined by means of ICP-OES.

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• 2020
  • 2020-10-28 EP EP20204367.5A patent/EP3825440A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
• 2021
  • 2021-02-23 KR KR1020237010597A patent/KR20230057456A/ko unknown
  • 2021-02-23 JP JP2023519895A patent/JP2023544152A/ja active Pending
  • 2021-02-23 EP EP21706295.9A patent/EP4237596A2/fr active Pending
  • 2021-02-23 WO PCT/EP2021/054376 patent/WO2021084140A2/fr active Application Filing
  • 2021-02-23 CN CN202180065490.1A patent/CN116194619A/zh active Pending
  • 2021-02-23 US US18/250,000 patent/US20230392263A1/en active Pending

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