EP3736317A1 - Kraftstoffzusammensetzung - Google Patents

Kraftstoffzusammensetzung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3736317A1
EP3736317A1 EP20174630.2A EP20174630A EP3736317A1 EP 3736317 A1 EP3736317 A1 EP 3736317A1 EP 20174630 A EP20174630 A EP 20174630A EP 3736317 A1 EP3736317 A1 EP 3736317A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
petrol
groups
additive
mono
volume
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP20174630.2A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Harald Schwahn
Dietmar Posselt
Erich K. Fehr
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BASF SE
Original Assignee
BASF SE
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=33016286&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=EP3736317(A1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by BASF SE filed Critical BASF SE
Publication of EP3736317A1 publication Critical patent/EP3736317A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
    • C10L10/08—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for improving lubricity; for reducing wear
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/143—Organic compounds mixtures of organic macromolecular compounds with organic non-macromolecular compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/18—Organic compounds containing oxygen
    • C10L1/182—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof
    • C10L1/1822—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof hydroxy group directly attached to (cyclo)aliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10L1/1824—Organic compounds containing oxygen containing hydroxy groups; Salts thereof hydroxy group directly attached to (cyclo)aliphatic carbon atoms mono-hydroxy
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
    • C10L1/234—Macromolecular compounds
    • C10L1/238—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10L1/2383—Polyamines or polyimines, or derivatives thereof (poly)amines and imines; derivatives thereof (substituted by a macromolecular group containing 30C)

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a fuel composition containing in a larger amount a special low-alkanol-containing gasoline and in a smaller amount selected gasoline additives.
  • valve seat wear-inhibiting additives based on alkali or alkaline earth metal compounds have been developed.
  • gasoline engines require fuels with a complex property profile that can only be guaranteed in combination with corresponding gasoline additives.
  • Such petrol usually consist of a complex mixture of chemical compounds and are characterized by physical parameters.
  • the interaction between gasoline fuels and corresponding additives is, however, in need of improvement in the known fuel compositions with regard to the cleaning or keeping clean and the valve seat wear-inhibiting effect.
  • the object of the present invention was therefore to find a more effective gasoline-gasoline fuel additive composition. In particular, more effective additive formulations should be found.
  • a fuel composition which contains a large amount of a gasoline fuel with a maximum sulfur content of 150 wt has number average molecular weight (MN) of 85 to 20,000 and at least one polar moiety, and wherein the fuel composition also has a content of at least one lower alkanol of about 5 to 75% by volume.
  • MN number average molecular weight
  • the lower alkanol used according to the invention is preferably a straight-chain or branched, saturated C 1 -C 6 mono- or diol, in particular a C 1 -C 3 monoalkanol, such as methanol, ethanol, n- or i-propanol, or a mixture of several of these alkanols.
  • the alkanol content is a maximum of 75% by volume, e.g. B. 5 to 75 vol .-%, preferably 10 to 65 vol .-%, in particular 20 to 55 vol .-%, such as. B. 30-40% by volume or 40-50% by volume.
  • the content of other alcohols and ethers in petrol is usually relatively low. Typical maximum contents are 7% by volume for tert-butanol, 10% by volume for isobutanol and 15% by volume for ethers with 5 or more carbon atoms in the molecule.
  • the aromatic content of the gasoline is preferably a maximum of 40% by volume, in particular a maximum of 38% by volume. Preferred ranges for the aromatic content are from 20 to 42% by volume, in particular from 25 to 40% by volume.
  • the sulfur content of the gasoline is preferably a maximum of 100 ppm by weight, in particular a maximum of 50 ppm by weight. Preferred ranges for the sulfur content are 0.5 to 150 ppm by weight, in particular 1 to 100 ppm by weight.
  • the petrol has an olefin content of a maximum of 21% by volume, preferably a maximum of 18% by volume, in particular a maximum of 10% by volume.
  • Preferred ranges for the olefin content are from 6 to 21% by volume, in particular from 7 to 18% by volume.
  • the petrol has a benzene content of a maximum of 1.0% by volume, in particular a maximum of 0.9% by volume.
  • Preferred ranges for the benzene content are 0.5 to 1.0% by volume, in particular 0.6 to 0.9% by volume.
  • the gasoline has an oxygen content of at most 2.7% by weight, preferably from 0.1 to 2.7% by weight, in particular from 1.0 to 2.7% by weight, in particular from 1.2 to 2.0% by weight.
  • Particularly preferred is a gasoline which, at the same time, has an aromatic content of at most 38 vol.%, An olefin content of at most 21 vol.%, A sulfur content of at most 50 wt. Ppm, a benzene content of at most 1.0 vol Has an oxygen content of 1.0 to 2.7% by weight.
  • the summer vapor pressure of the gasoline is usually a maximum of 70 kPa, in particular 60 kPa (in each case at 370C).
  • the research octane number ("RON") of gasoline is usually 90 to 100.
  • a common range for the corresponding engine octane number (“MOZ”) is 80 to 90.
  • the specified specifications are determined using customary methods (DIN EN 228).
  • the hydrophobic hydrocarbon radical in the petrol additives which ensures sufficient solubility in the fuel, has a number-average molecular weight (Mn) of 85 to 20,000, in particular 113 to 10,000, especially from 300 to 5000.
  • Mn number-average molecular weight
  • Such additives based on highly reactive polyisobutene which are obtained from polyisobutene, which can contain up to 20% by weight of n-butene units, by hydroformylation and reductive amination with ammonia, monoamines or polyamines such as dimethylaminopropylamine , Ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine or tetraethylenepentamine can be prepared, in particular from the EP-A 244 616 known.
  • the production route is by chlorination and subsequent amination or by oxidation of the double bond with air or ozone to form carbonyl or Carboxyl compound and subsequent amination under reductive (hydrogenating) conditions.
  • the same amines can be used here as above for the reductive amination of the hydroformylated highly reactive polyisobutene.
  • Corresponding additives based on polypropene are particularly in the WO-A 94/24231 described.
  • additives containing monoamino groups (a) are the compounds obtainable from polyisobutene epoxides by reaction with amines and subsequent dehydration and reduction of the amino alcohols, as in particular in DE-A 196 20 262 are described.
  • These reaction products are usually mixtures of pure nitropolyisobutanes (e.g. alpha, beta-dinitropolyisobutane) and mixed hydroxynitropolyisobutanes (e.g. alpha-nitro-beta-hydroxypolyisobutane).
  • Carboxyl groups or their alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salts (d) containing additives are preferably copolymers of C 2 -C 40 olefins with maleic anhydride with a total molecular weight of 500 to 20,000, the carboxyl groups of which are wholly or partly to the alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salts and a remaining Rest of the carboxyl groups are reacted with alcohols or amines.
  • Such additives are in particular from EP-A 307 815 known.
  • Such additives are mainly used to prevent valve seat wear and can, as in WO-A 87/01126 be wrote, can be used with advantage in combination with conventional fuel detergents such as poly (iso) butenamines or polyetheramines.
  • Additives containing sulfonic acid groups or their alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salts are preferably alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salts of an alkyl sulfosuccinate, as it is in particular in US Pat EP-A 639 632 is described.
  • Such additives are mainly used to prevent valve seat wear and can be used with advantage in combination with conventional fuel detergents such as poly (iso) butenamines or polyetheramines.
  • Additives containing polyoxy-C 2 - to C 4 -alkylene groups are preferably polyethers or polyetheramines, which are obtained by reacting C 2 - to C 60 -alkanols, C 6 - to C 30 -alkanediols, mono- or di-C 2 -C 30 -alkylamines, C 1 -C 30 -alkylcyclohexanols or C 1 -C 30 -alkylphenols with 1 to 30 mol of ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide and / or butylene oxide per hydroxyl group or amino group and, in the case of the polyetheramines, by subsequent reductive amination with ammonia, monoamines or polyamines are available.
  • Such products are particularly popular in EP-A 310 875 , EP-A 356 725 , EP-A 700 985 and US-A 4,877,416 described.
  • polyethers such products also have carrier oil properties.
  • Typical examples are tridecanol or isotridecanol butoxylates, isononylphenol butoxylates and polyisobutenol butoxylates and propoxylates and the corresponding reaction products with ammonia.
  • Additives containing carboxylic ester groups (g) are preferably esters of mono, di or tricarboxylic acids with long-chain alkanols or polyols, in particular those with a minimum viscosity of 2 mm2 / s at 100 ° C, as in particular in DE-A 38 38 918 are described.
  • Aliphatic or aromatic acids can be used as mono-, di- or tricarboxylic acids, while long-chain representatives with, for example, 6 to 24 carbon atoms are particularly suitable as ester alcohols or polyols.
  • esters are adipates, phthalates, isophthalates, terephthalates and trimellitates of iso-octanol, iso-nonanol, iso-decanol and iso-tridecanol. Such products also meet carrier oil properties.
  • derivatives with aliphatic polyamines such as ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine or tetraethylene pentamine.
  • Such gasoline additives are in particular in US-A-4,849,572 described.
  • Additives containing groups (i) produced by the Mannich reaction of substituted phenols with aldehydes and mono- or polyamines are preferably reaction products of polyisobutene-substituted phenols with formaldehyde and mono- or polyamines such as ethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, tetraethylenepentamine or dimethylaminopropylamine.
  • Such "polyisobutene Mannich bases" are particularly in the EP-A 831 141 described.
  • the fuel composition according to the invention can also contain other customary components and additives.
  • aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons e.g. Solvent naphtha.
  • corrosion inhibitors for example based on ammonium salts of organic carboxylic acids that tend to form films or on heterocyclic aromatics for non-ferrous metal corrosion protection
  • antioxidants or stabilizers for example based on amines such as p-phenylenediamine, dicyclohexylamine or derivatives thereof or on phenols such as 2,4-di -tert-butylphenol or 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid, demulsifiers, antistatic agents, metallocenes such as ferrocene or methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl, lubricity additives such as certain fatty acids, alkenylsuccinic acid esters, bis (hydroxyalkyl) acetamines, fatty amines or castor oil and dyes (markers). Sometimes amines are also added to lower the pH of the fuel.
  • combinations of the described gasoline with a mixture of gasoline additives with the polar grouping (f) and corrosion inhibitors and / or lubricity improvers based on carboxylic acids or fatty acids, which can be present as monomeric and / or dimeric species, are also particularly suitable.
  • Typical mixtures of this type contain polyisobutenamines in combination with alkanol-initiated polyethers such as tridecanol or isotridecanol butoxylates or propoxylates, polyisobutene amines in combination with alkanol-initiated polyether amines such as tridecanol or isotridecanol butoxylate-ammonia reaction products in combination with alkanol-initiated polyethanol-ammonia reaction products and alkanol-initiated polyethanol-ammonia reaction products such as isotidecanol ca like tridecanol or Isotridecanol butoxylates or propoxylates, in each case together with the mentioned corrosion inhibitors or lubricity improvers.
  • alkanol-initiated polyethers such as tridecanol or isotridecanol butoxylates or propoxylates
  • the petrol additives mentioned with the polar groups (a) to (i) and the other components mentioned are metered into the petrol and develop their effect there.
  • the components or additives can be added to the petrol individually or as a previously prepared concentrate ("additive package").
  • the gasoline additives mentioned with the polar groups (a) to (i) are usually added to the gasoline in an amount of 1 to 5000 ppm by weight, in particular 5 to 3000 ppm by weight, especially 10 to 1000 ppm by weight .
  • the other components and additives mentioned are, if desired, added in the usual amounts.
  • the same cleaning or keeping clean or valve seat wear-inhibiting effect can be achieved as with comparable fuel compositions without the addition of low alkanol.
  • the fuel composition according to the invention surprisingly results in a significantly better cleaning or keeping clean or valve seat wear-inhibiting effect compared to conventional fuel compositions.
  • the fuel composition according to the invention also has advantages in that fewer deposits are formed in the combustion chamber of the Otto engine and that less additive is introduced into the engine oil via the fuel dilution.
  • Mn 1000 g / mol
  • carrier oil tridecanol etherified with 22 units of butylene oxide
  • TCD combustion chamber deposits

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
  • Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
  • Detergent Compositions (AREA)
EP20174630.2A 2003-04-11 2004-04-08 Kraftstoffzusammensetzung Withdrawn EP3736317A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10316871A DE10316871A1 (de) 2003-04-11 2003-04-11 Kraftstoffzusammensetzung
PCT/EP2004/003811 WO2004090079A1 (de) 2003-04-11 2004-04-08 Kraftstoffzusammensetzung
EP10180913.5A EP2270119B1 (de) 2003-04-11 2004-04-08 Kraftstoffzusammensetzung
EP04726498.1A EP1615985B1 (de) 2003-04-11 2004-04-08 Kraftstoffzusammensetzung

Related Parent Applications (3)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP04726498.1A Division EP1615985B1 (de) 2003-04-11 2004-04-08 Kraftstoffzusammensetzung
EP10180913.5A Division EP2270119B1 (de) 2003-04-11 2004-04-08 Kraftstoffzusammensetzung
EP10180913.5A Division-Into EP2270119B1 (de) 2003-04-11 2004-04-08 Kraftstoffzusammensetzung

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3736317A1 true EP3736317A1 (de) 2020-11-11

Family

ID=33016286

Family Applications (3)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP10180913.5A Revoked EP2270119B1 (de) 2003-04-11 2004-04-08 Kraftstoffzusammensetzung
EP04726498.1A Revoked EP1615985B1 (de) 2003-04-11 2004-04-08 Kraftstoffzusammensetzung
EP20174630.2A Withdrawn EP3736317A1 (de) 2003-04-11 2004-04-08 Kraftstoffzusammensetzung

Family Applications Before (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP10180913.5A Revoked EP2270119B1 (de) 2003-04-11 2004-04-08 Kraftstoffzusammensetzung
EP04726498.1A Revoked EP1615985B1 (de) 2003-04-11 2004-04-08 Kraftstoffzusammensetzung

Country Status (22)

Country Link
US (1) US20060196110A1 (ko)
EP (3) EP2270119B1 (ko)
JP (3) JP4452712B2 (ko)
KR (2) KR101186408B1 (ko)
CN (1) CN100545244C (ko)
AR (1) AR044001A1 (ko)
AU (1) AU2004227095B2 (ko)
BR (1) BRPI0409171A (ko)
CA (2) CA2520578C (ko)
CL (1) CL2004000766A1 (ko)
DE (1) DE10316871A1 (ko)
DK (1) DK1615985T3 (ko)
ES (1) ES2443993T3 (ko)
MX (1) MXPA05010183A (ko)
MY (1) MY162483A (ko)
NO (1) NO20054374L (ko)
PL (2) PL2270119T3 (ko)
PT (1) PT1615985E (ko)
RU (1) RU2005134823A (ko)
SI (1) SI1615985T1 (ko)
WO (1) WO2004090079A1 (ko)
ZA (1) ZA200509086B (ko)

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DE10316871A1 (de) 2003-04-11 2004-10-21 Basf Ag Kraftstoffzusammensetzung
US20080086933A1 (en) * 2006-10-16 2008-04-17 Cunningham Lawrence J Volatility agents as fuel additives for ethanol-containing fuels
US20080086936A1 (en) * 2006-10-16 2008-04-17 Cunningham Lawrence J Method and compositions for reducing wear in engines combusting ethanol-containing fuels
US20080086935A1 (en) * 2006-10-16 2008-04-17 Lawrence J Cunningham Method and compositions for reducing corrosion in engines combusting ethanol-containing fuels
US20080086934A1 (en) * 2006-10-16 2008-04-17 Cunningham Lawrence J Protecting fuel delivery systems in engines combusting ethanol-containing fuels
US20080168708A1 (en) * 2007-01-11 2008-07-17 Cunningham Lawrence J Method and compositions for reducing deposits in engines combusting ethanol-containing fuels and a corrosion inhibitor
BRPI0907053A2 (pt) * 2008-02-01 2015-07-07 Basf Se Poliisobutenoamina, composição combustível, e, uso de poliisobutenoaminas
GB0903165D0 (en) * 2009-02-25 2009-04-08 Innospec Ltd Methods and uses relating to fuel compositions
CA2801018A1 (en) * 2010-06-01 2011-12-08 Arno Lange Low-molecular weight polyisobutyl-substituted amines as detergent boosters
MY166033A (en) 2010-12-02 2018-05-21 Basf Se Use of the reaction product of a hydrocarbyl-substituted dicarboxylic acid and a nitrogen compound for reducing fuel consumption
EP2554636A1 (en) * 2011-08-03 2013-02-06 Innospec Limited Fuel compositions
US20150113864A1 (en) 2013-10-24 2015-04-30 Basf Se Use of a complex ester to reduce fuel consumption
US20150113867A1 (en) 2013-10-24 2015-04-30 Basf Se Use of an alkoxylated polytetrahydrofuran to reduce fuel consumption
US20150113859A1 (en) 2013-10-24 2015-04-30 Basf Se Use of polyalkylene glycol to reduce fuel consumption
US10457884B2 (en) 2013-11-18 2019-10-29 Afton Chemical Corporation Mixed detergent composition for intake valve deposit control
ES2689347T3 (es) * 2014-01-29 2018-11-13 Basf Se Uso de aditivos a base de ácido policarboxílico para carburantes
EP3099769A1 (de) * 2014-01-29 2016-12-07 Basf Se Polymere als additive für kraft und schmierstoffe
US9249769B1 (en) * 2015-03-24 2016-02-02 Afton Chemical Corporation Fuel additives for treating internal deposits of fuel injectors
WO2018007191A1 (de) 2016-07-05 2018-01-11 Basf Se Verwendung von korrosionsinhibitoren für kraft- und schmierstoffe
RU2019122807A (ru) 2016-12-20 2021-01-22 Басф Се Применение смеси комплексного сложного эфира с монокарбоновой кислотой для уменьшения трения
US10273425B2 (en) 2017-03-13 2019-04-30 Afton Chemical Corporation Polyol carrier fluids and fuel compositions including polyol carrier fluids
RU2019135830A (ru) 2017-04-11 2021-05-11 Басф Се Алкоксилированные амины в качестве присадок к топливу
KR20210127323A (ko) 2020-04-14 2021-10-22 정재훈 애완견 배변기
GB202111108D0 (en) * 2021-08-02 2021-09-15 Innospec Ltd Compositions, and methods and uses relating thereto
US11873461B1 (en) 2022-09-22 2024-01-16 Afton Chemical Corporation Extreme pressure additives with improved copper corrosion
US12024686B2 (en) 2022-09-30 2024-07-02 Afton Chemical Corporation Gasoline additive composition for improved engine performance
US11884890B1 (en) 2023-02-07 2024-01-30 Afton Chemical Corporation Gasoline additive composition for improved engine performance
US11795412B1 (en) 2023-03-03 2023-10-24 Afton Chemical Corporation Lubricating composition for industrial gear fluids

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