EP3680258B1 - Kationischer metallkomplex, organometallkatalysator mit sperrigem anion auf boratbasis, verfahren zu dessen herstellung und verfahren zur herstellung von oligomeren oder polymeren unter verwendung desselben - Google Patents
Kationischer metallkomplex, organometallkatalysator mit sperrigem anion auf boratbasis, verfahren zu dessen herstellung und verfahren zur herstellung von oligomeren oder polymeren unter verwendung desselben Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3680258B1 EP3680258B1 EP19781903.0A EP19781903A EP3680258B1 EP 3680258 B1 EP3680258 B1 EP 3680258B1 EP 19781903 A EP19781903 A EP 19781903A EP 3680258 B1 EP3680258 B1 EP 3680258B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- group
- borate
- catalyst
- preparing
- independently
- Prior art date
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims description 124
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 44
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 title claims description 38
- BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-] BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 36
- -1 Cationic metal complex Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 24
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 20
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 60
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 60
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 56
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 53
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 43
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium bromide Chemical compound [K+].[Br-] IOLCXVTUBQKXJR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 20
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical group 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isobutene Chemical compound CC(C)=C VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical group C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 9
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- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium iodide Chemical compound [K+].[I-] NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- JHJLBTNAGRQEKS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium bromide Chemical compound [Na+].[Br-] JHJLBTNAGRQEKS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
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- ZSWFCLXCOIISFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopentadiene Chemical compound C1C=CC=C1 ZSWFCLXCOIISFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
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- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- LQNUZADURLCDLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrobenzene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 LQNUZADURLCDLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000004104 aryloxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000001181 organosilyl group Chemical group [SiH3]* 0.000 claims description 5
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanide Chemical group N#[C-] XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910021612 Silver iodide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000003368 amide group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001033 ether group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- ADZWSOLPGZMUMY-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver bromide Chemical compound [Ag]Br ADZWSOLPGZMUMY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000003375 sulfoxide group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052716 thallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- HECLRDQVFMWTQS-RGOKHQFPSA-N 1755-01-7 Chemical compound C1[C@H]2[C@@H]3CC=C[C@@H]3[C@@H]1C=C2 HECLRDQVFMWTQS-RGOKHQFPSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ATVJXMYDOSMEPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-prop-2-enoxyprop-1-ene Chemical compound C=CCOCC=C ATVJXMYDOSMEPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- LRDFRRGEGBBSRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutyronitrile Chemical compound CC(C)C#N LRDFRRGEGBBSRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitromethane Chemical compound C[N+]([O-])=O LYGJENNIWJXYER-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- JAMNHZBIQDNHMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N pivalonitrile Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C#N JAMNHZBIQDNHMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- FVSKHRXBFJPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N propionitrile Chemical compound CCC#N FVSKHRXBFJPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- JKFYKCYQEWQPTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-azaniumyl-2-(4-fluorophenyl)acetate Chemical compound OC(=O)C(N)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 JKFYKCYQEWQPTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium bromide Chemical compound [Li+].[Br-] AMXOYNBUYSYVKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium iodide Chemical compound [Li+].[I-] HSZCZNFXUDYRKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- OTCKOJUMXQWKQG-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium bromide Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Br-].[Br-] OTCKOJUMXQWKQG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- BLQJIBCZHWBKSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium iodide Chemical compound [Mg+2].[I-].[I-] BLQJIBCZHWBKSL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940045105 silver iodide Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver monochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Ag+] HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- FVAUCKIRQBBSSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium iodide Chemical compound [Na+].[I-] FVAUCKIRQBBSSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 35
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 29
- 229920002367 Polyisobutene Polymers 0.000 description 24
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 14
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 12
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000011968 lewis acid catalyst Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000000921 elemental analysis Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 9
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 229920001083 polybutene Polymers 0.000 description 9
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 9
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910001507 metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 150000005309 metal halides Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 7
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclopentane Chemical compound C1CCCC1 RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
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- 238000010538 cationic polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
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- SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver(1+) nitrate Chemical compound [Ag+].[O-]N(=O)=O SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 4
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 4
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- CHPZKNULDCNCBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N gallium nitrate Inorganic materials [Ga+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O CHPZKNULDCNCBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 150000004696 coordination complex Chemical class 0.000 description 3
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- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000003 magnesium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000000 metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004692 metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001960 metal nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JUHDUIDUEUEQND-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylium Chemical compound [CH3+] JUHDUIDUEUEQND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- TXCOQXKFOPSCPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-J molybdenum(4+);tetraacetate Chemical compound [Mo+4].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O TXCOQXKFOPSCPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- KAVKNHPXAMTURG-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(4-bromonaphthalen-1-yl)acetamide Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(NC(=O)C)=CC=C(Br)C2=C1 KAVKNHPXAMTURG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003052 natural elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001194 natural rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium benzoate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical class [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001902 propagating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000565 sealant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- LKZMBDSASOBTPN-UHFFFAOYSA-L silver carbonate Substances [Ag].[O-]C([O-])=O LKZMBDSASOBTPN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- KQTXIZHBFFWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-L silver(I) carbonate Inorganic materials [Ag]OC(=O)O[Ag] KQTXIZHBFFWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003462 sulfoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920003051 synthetic elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010189 synthetic method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005061 synthetic rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010891 toxic waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F110/00—Homopolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
- C08F110/04—Monomers containing three or four carbon atoms
- C08F110/08—Butenes
- C08F110/10—Isobutene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F4/00—Polymerisation catalysts
- C08F4/42—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors
- C08F4/44—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides
- C08F4/52—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides selected from boron, aluminium, gallium, indium, thallium or rare earths
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
- B01J31/1616—Coordination complexes, e.g. organometallic complexes, immobilised on an inorganic support, e.g. ship-in-a-bottle type catalysts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J31/00—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds
- B01J31/16—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes
- B01J31/18—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes containing nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic or antimony as complexing atoms, e.g. in pyridine ligands, or in resonance therewith, e.g. in isocyanide ligands C=N-R or as complexed central atoms
- B01J31/1805—Catalysts comprising hydrides, coordination complexes or organic compounds containing coordination complexes containing nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic or antimony as complexing atoms, e.g. in pyridine ligands, or in resonance therewith, e.g. in isocyanide ligands C=N-R or as complexed central atoms the ligands containing nitrogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F4/00—Polymerisation catalysts
- C08F4/42—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors
- C08F4/44—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides
- C08F4/60—Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides together with refractory metals, iron group metals, platinum group metals, manganese, rhenium technetium or compounds thereof
- C08F4/62—Refractory metals or compounds thereof
- C08F4/639—Component covered by group C08F4/62 containing a transition metal-carbon bond
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F6/00—Post-polymerisation treatments
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F6/00—Post-polymerisation treatments
- C08F6/02—Neutralisation of the polymerisation mass, e.g. killing the catalyst also removal of catalyst residues
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2231/00—Catalytic reactions performed with catalysts classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2231/10—Polymerisation reactions involving at least dual use catalysts, e.g. for both oligomerisation and polymerisation
- B01J2231/12—Olefin polymerisation or copolymerisation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2231/00—Catalytic reactions performed with catalysts classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2231/20—Olefin oligomerisation or telomerisation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2531/00—Additional information regarding catalytic systems classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2531/02—Compositional aspects of complexes used, e.g. polynuclearity
- B01J2531/0286—Complexes comprising ligands or other components characterized by their function
- B01J2531/0297—Non-coordinating anions
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2531/00—Additional information regarding catalytic systems classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2531/30—Complexes comprising metals of Group III (IIIA or IIIB) as the central metal
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2531/00—Additional information regarding catalytic systems classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2531/30—Complexes comprising metals of Group III (IIIA or IIIB) as the central metal
- B01J2531/31—Aluminium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2531/00—Additional information regarding catalytic systems classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2531/30—Complexes comprising metals of Group III (IIIA or IIIB) as the central metal
- B01J2531/32—Gallium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2531/00—Additional information regarding catalytic systems classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2531/30—Complexes comprising metals of Group III (IIIA or IIIB) as the central metal
- B01J2531/33—Indium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2531/00—Additional information regarding catalytic systems classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2531/30—Complexes comprising metals of Group III (IIIA or IIIB) as the central metal
- B01J2531/37—Lanthanum
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2531/00—Additional information regarding catalytic systems classified in B01J31/00
- B01J2531/30—Complexes comprising metals of Group III (IIIA or IIIB) as the central metal
- B01J2531/38—Lanthanides other than lanthanum
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a cationic metal complex, an organometal catalyst having a borate-based bulky anion, a method for preparing the same, and a method for preparing an oligomer or a polymer using the same.
- a propagating polymer chain includes an active part which has a positive charge.
- the active part may be a carbenium ion (carbon cation) or an oxonium ion.
- an aluminum- or boron-based Lewis acid is generally used as a catalyst or an initiator for such cationic polymerization.
- the Lewis acid is a corrosive substance and produces halogen components such as HCl and HF during a quenching process, and this halogen components remain in a product to cause problems of degrading product quality.
- a Lewis acid catalyst requires a large amount of catalyst, and in order to remove the catalyst after reaction, a large amount of base (NaOH, KOH, NH 4 OH, etc.) is used, and accordingly, additional washing with water is required and a large amount of waste water is produced.
- Polyisobutene is classified into a low molecular weight, medium molecular weight and high molecular weight range according to the range of molecular weight.
- the low molecular weight polyisobutene has a number average molecular weight range of 10,000 or less, and includes product groups of common polybutene and high reactive polybutene (HR-PB) product.
- the high reactive polybutene includes carbon-carbon double bonds mainly positioned at the terminal of the polybutene, and after introducing a functional group using a vinylidene functional group at the terminal (>80%), the high reactive polybutene is used as a fuel additive or an engine oil additive.
- a boron-based catalyst such as BF 3 is conventionally used, but this catalyst is toxic and has a gas type, and is difficult to handle.
- a boron-alcohol or boron-ether composite is prepared and used, but there is a problem that the activity of the catalyst is reduced over time.
- the medium molecular weight polyisobutene has a number average molecular weight in a range of 30,000-100,000, and is mainly used in an adhesive, a sticking agent, a sealant and a wax, may be used as a reforming agent of polyethylene or mixed with a natural rubber or synthetic rubber to be used to improve aging resistance and ozone resistance.
- the solvent-ligated organometal catalyst has low reactivity at a low temperature and does not show catalyst activity at less than 10°C, and thus, is not used as a catalyst for polymerizing a medium or higher molecular weight polyisobutene.
- a silver reagent having good reactivity is widely used, but if the silver reagent is used with a metal having a low oxidation potential, a metal may be easily oxidized, and its use is limited.
- a cationic polymerization method which is generally used for polymerizing a polyisobutene is very sensitive to humidity and impurities, and sometimes, the reaction may be terminated due to the reaction with a small amount of humidity or impurities during the propagation of a polymer chain or chain transfer may occur, and the preparation of a polymer having a high molecular weight is difficult.
- the complete removal of a lithium salt, a sodium salt, a potassium salt, a magnesium salt or a silver salt, which are produced during a preparation process is difficult. Accordingly, such a salt is included in the polymerization reaction as impurities and the production of a polymer having a high molecular weight is difficult.
- due to the contamination there are defects of deteriorating the activity of a catalyst.
- a catalyst which may polymerize both a polybutene oligomer having high exo-content and a medium or higher polyisobutene, does not contain a metal salt as a residual material and thus show improved activity, and thus may perform effective polymerization reaction with a small amount of the catalyst, is required.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a novel organometal catalyst which may be used for preparing an oligomer and a polymer, and a method for preparing the same.
- another object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing an oligomer or a polymer using the organometal catalyst.
- An embodiment of the present invention provides an organometal catalyst having a cationic metal complex and a borate-based bulky anion, and being represented by the following Formula 1:
- M is selected from the group consisting of metals in group 13
- L is each independently a coordinating solvent molecule including a functional group selected from the group consisting of a cyanide group, an isocyanide group, an ether group, a pyridine group, an amide group, a sulfoxide group and a nitro group
- R 1 to R 4 are each independently hydrogen, a halogen group, or a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group of C1-C20
- R 5 and R 6 are each independently hydrogen, an alkyl group of C1-C20, an aryl group of C6-C20, or an allyl group
- a, b, c and a+b+c are each independently an integer of 0 to 3
- d and a+b+c+d are each independently an integer of 1 to 10
- o, p, q and r are each independently an integer of 1 to 5
- x and y are an integer of 1 to 4 and are
- Another embodiment of the present invention provides a method for preparing an organometal catalyst including a step of preparing a dispersion including a metal precursor represented by the following Formula 2 and a coordinating solvent; and a step of reacting an organic borate-based compound including a carbon-based, silyl-based or amine-based cation and a borate-based bulky anion with the dispersion: [Formula 2] M(OCOR 5 ) e (NO 3 ) f (OR 6 ) g (X) h
- M is selected from the group consisting of metals in group 13
- R 5 and R 6 are each independently hydrogen, an alkyl group of C1-C20, an aryl group of C6-C20, or an allyl group
- e, f, g and h are each independently an integer of 0 to 3
- e+f+g+h is 3.
- Another embodiment of the present invention provides a method for preparing an oligomer or a polymer, including a step of cationically polymerizing a monomer using the organometal catalyst.
- the novel organometal catalyst of the present invention may be used as a substitution material for the conventional aluminum- or boron-based Lewis acid catalyst, and has a relatively small amount, and thus, is economical and eco-friendly.
- an oligomer such as a high reactive polyisobutene may be prepared in an excellent conversion ratio by using thereof at room temperature.
- the organometal catalyst of the present invention shows catalyst activity at a low temperature
- the organometal catalyst may be used as a catalyst for polymerizing a polymer such as a medium molecular weight polyisobutene by decreasing the reaction temperature, and accordingly, the utilization degree of the organometal catalyst and a process using the same is high.
- oligomer used in the present disclosure means a low polymer formed by oligomerizing a monomer and having a number average molecular weight in a range of less than 10,000.
- polymer used in the present disclosure means a polymer compound formed by polymerizing a monomer and having a number average molecular weight of 10,000 or more.
- the organometal catalyst of the present invention is developed as a novel catalyst which solves various problems of the conventional Lewis acid catalyst for the cationic polymerization of olefin. Accordingly, the conventional Lewis acid catalyst is corrosive but the organometal catalyst of the present invention is not corrosive. In addition, the organometal catalyst of the present invention requires a small amount used for obtaining equivalent degree of effects, and the catalyst cost is saved. In addition, in case of the conventional Lewis acid catalyst, a large amount of highly toxic waste water is produced during removing the catalyst through washing with a basic salt such as NaOH after finishing the reaction, but the organometal catalyst of the present invention may be removed simply through filtering, and the waste water is not produced.
- the organometal catalyst may be represented by the following Formula 1:
- M is selected from the group consisting of metals in group 13, and in an embodiment, may be one or more selected from the group consisting of Al, Ga, In and Tl.
- L is each independently a coordinating solvent molecule including a functional group selected from the group consisting of a cyanide group, an isocyanide group, an ether group, a pyridine group, an amide group, a sulfoxide group and a nitro group.
- L may be one or more selected from the group consisting of acetonitrile, propionitrile, 2-methylpropanenitrile, trimethylacetonitrile, benzonitrile, dialkyl ether such as diethyl ether and diallyl ether, pyridine, dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, nitromethane, nitrobenzene and the derivatives thereof, where an unshared electron pair of oxygen, nitrogen or carbon makes a coordination bond with M.
- R 1 to R 4 are each independently hydrogen, a halogen group, or a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group of C1-C20, C1-C12 or C1-C4, preferably, a halogen-substituted alkyl group of C1-C4.
- R 5 and R 6 are each independently hydrogen, an alkyl group of C1-C20, or C6-C20, or C1-C12, or C6-C12, or C1-C6, or C1-C4, or C1-C2, an aryl group of C6-C20, or an allyl group, a, b, c and a+b+c are each independently an integer of 0 to 3, d and a+b+c+d which is related to the coordination bond number of a metal are each independently an integer of 1 to 10, o, p, q and r are each independently an integer of 1 to 5, and x and y are an integer of 1 to 4 and the same.
- the borate-based bulky anion may be one or more selected from the group consisting of tetrakis(phenyl)borate, tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, tetrakis[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]borate, and the derivatives thereof.
- Another embodiment of the present invention provides a method for preparing an organometal catalyst including a step of preparing a dispersion including a metal precursor (carboxylate, nitrate, hydroxide and/or alkoxide of a metal), and a coordinating solvent; and a step of reacting an organic borate-based compound including a carbon-based, silyl-based or amine-based cation and a borate-based bulky anion with the dispersion, wherein the metal is one or more selected from metals in group 13.
- a metal precursor carboxylate, nitrate, hydroxide and/or alkoxide of a metal
- the method for preparing an organometal catalyst of the present invention includes a step of preparing a dispersion including a metal precursor (carboxylate, nitrate, hydroxide and/or alkoxide of a metal), and a coordinating solvent.
- a metal precursor carboxylate, nitrate, hydroxide and/or alkoxide of a metal
- M is selected from the group consisting of metals in group 13, and for example, may be one or more selected from the group consisting of Al, Ga, In and Tl.
- the oxidation number of the metal may be any one among 1 to 4 according to the kind of the metal.
- the metal precursor used in the reaction may have an anhydrous metal compound or a hydrated metal compound type, without limitation.
- the metal precursor may be M(NO 3 ) 3 ⁇ Z(H 2 O), M(OAc) 3 ⁇ Z(H 2 O), M(OR) 3 ⁇ Z(H 2 O), M(OAc) e' (NO 3 ) f' , M(OAc) e' (OR) g' , or M(NO 3 ) f' (OR) g' .
- the dispersion is characterized in including a Lewis base coordinating solvent.
- the coordinating solvent may be any solvents as long as making a coordination bond with a central metal, without specific limitation, and may be a nitrile-based solvent, for example, an alkyl cyanide or an aryl cyanide, an ether-based solvent, for example, a dialkyl ether, a pyridine-based solvent, an amide-based solvent, a sulfoxide-based solvent, or a nitro-based solvent.
- the coordinating solvent may include one or more selected from the group consisting of acetonitrile, propionitrile, 2-methylpropanenitrile, trimethylacetonitrile, benzonitrile, diethyl ether, diallyl ether, pyridine, dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, nitromethane, nitrobenzene and the derivatives thereof.
- an excessive amount of the coordinating solvent may be used with respect to the metal precursor.
- the total amount of the coordinating solvent which reacts with the metal with respect to the metal precursor is controlled to achieve a molar ratio of at least 1:4, at least 1:6, at least 1:8, at least 1:12, at least 1:16, or at least 1:18.
- an amount range is controlled to achieve the molar ratio of 1:6 to 1:18, or 1:12 to 1:18.
- the dispersion may further include a non-coordinating solvent, and any solvent which may dissolve the remaining metal precursor (metal salt or alkoxide) which is not used for the reaction or a material such as an organic borate and which may not make a coordination bond with the metal, may be used.
- the non-coordinating solvent may include one or more selected from the group consisting of benzene, alkyl benzene, for example, toluene, xylene or ethylbenzene, chlorobenzene, bromobenzene, chloroform and dichloromethane.
- the coordinating solvent which may react with the metal precursor and be bonded as the ligand of the metal may preferably be injected in a suitable amount with the molar ratio of at least 1:6, at least 1:12, or at least 1:18 with respect to the metal precursor. Most preferably, an amount range is controlled to achieve the molar ratio of 1:6 to 1:18.
- the method of the present invention may further include a step of adding a coordinating solvent before or after the step of reacting the organic borate-based compound with the dispersion.
- the method for preparing the organometal catalyst of the present invention may include a step of reacting an organic borate-based compound containing a carbon-based, silyl-based, or amine-based cation and a borate-based bulky anion, with the dispersion.
- the organic borate-based compound may be represented by the following Formula 3:
- the borate-based bulky anion may be one or more selected from the group consisting of tetrakis(phenyl)borate, tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, tetrakis[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]borate, and the derivatives thereof.
- the method for preparing the organometal catalyst of the present invention is characterized in using an organic borate-based reagent which is stable and commercially widely used instead of the conventional metal reagent, for example, a silver reagent which is photosensitive, expensive and difficult to synthesize.
- an organic borate-based reagent which is stable and commercially widely used instead of the conventional metal reagent, for example, a silver reagent which is photosensitive, expensive and difficult to synthesize.
- a metal halide is not present, and catalyst activity is increased and polymerization reaction may be efficiently performed with a small amount used, and the molecular weight of an oligomer and a polymer may be easily controlled.
- the reaction of the organic borate-based compound and the dispersion may be performed according to Reaction 2 below.
- the reaction of the organic borate-based compound and the dispersion may be performed according to Reaction 3 below.
- the reaction of the organic borate-based compound and the dispersion may be performed according to Reaction 4 below.
- the reaction of the organic borate-based compound and the dispersion may be performed according to following Reaction 5 below.
- the metal used in the reaction may preferably be an anhydrous metal compound (M(X) h ) type.
- the catalyst prepared by the conventional method surely included a metal halide as a by-product, but the catalyst of the present invention is characterized in being prepared by the above-mentioned reaction and not containing a metal halide, particularly, a metal halide of one or more metals selected from the group consisting of metals in group 1, group 2 and group 11.
- a salt such as silver chloride (AgCl), lithium chloride (LiCl), sodium chloride (NaCl), potassium chloride (KCl), magnesium chloride (MgCl 2 ), silver bromide (AgBr), lithium bromide (LiBr), sodium bromide (NaBr), potassium bromide (KBr), magnesium bromide (MgBr 2 ), silver iodide (AgI), lithium iodide (LiI), sodium iodide (NaI), potassium iodide (KI) and magnesium iodide (MgI 2 ) is not included, and the catalyst contamination may be prevented and high catalyst activity may be shown with a small amount.
- a salt such as silver chloride (AgCl), lithium chloride (LiCl), sodium chloride (NaCl), potassium chloride (KCl), magnesium chloride (MgCl 2 ), silver bromide (AgBr), lithium bromide (LiBr), sodium bro
- the metal precursor and the organic borate-based compound has a molar ratio of 1:1 to 1:4, and may be used in an equivalent quantity of a metal salt or alkoxide to be removed.
- reaction step may be performed by stirring the reactants at room temperature for 2 to 5 hours.
- the method for preparing an organometal catalyst of the present invention may further include a step of dissolving the organic borate-based compound in a coordinating solvent or a non-coordinating solvent prior to reacting with the dispersion.
- the amount of the coordinating solvent or the non-coordinating solvent is not limited.
- the total amount of the coordinating solvent in the reaction step is preferably controlled with respect to the metal precursor to achieve a molar ratio of at least 1:4, at least 1:6, at least 1:8, at least 1:10, at least 1:12, at least 1:16, or at least 1:18.
- the molar ratio of the organic borate-based compound with the coordinating solvent or non-coordinating solvent may be 1:2 to 1:5, or 1:7 to 1:10.
- the method of the present invention may further include a step of adding a coordinating solvent to the reactant after the step of reacting the organic borate-based compound with the dispersion.
- the method for preparing the organometal catalyst of the present invention may further include a step of washing the catalyst obtained in the reaction step with an organic solvent or distilling.
- HOAc or HNO 3 produced together with aniline may also be easily removed through washing or distilling.
- the organic solvent may include one or more selected from the group consisting of a linear or cyclic alkyl solvent, for example, pentane, cyclopentane, hexane, cyclohexane, heptane, or octane, and an ether solvent, for example, diethyl ether, or petroleum ether.
- a linear or cyclic alkyl solvent for example, pentane, cyclopentane, hexane, cyclohexane, heptane, or octane
- an ether solvent for example, diethyl ether, or petroleum ether.
- the present invention provides as another embodiment, a method for preparing an oligomer or a polymer, including a step of cationically polymerizing a monomer using the organometal catalyst.
- the monomer may be one or more selected from the group consisting of styrene, isobutene, cyclopentadiene, dicyclopentadiene, tetrahydrofuran and the derivatives thereof.
- the oligomer includes polytetramethylene ether glycol (PTMEG) formed by oligomerizing a monomer such as tetrahydrofuran (THF).
- PTMEG polytetramethylene ether glycol
- the amount of the monomer based on the weight of the total reactant may be 1 to 50 wt%, preferably, 5 to 25 wt%.
- the amount of the catalyst based on the total reactant may be 0.005 to 1 wt%, preferably, or 0.01 to 0.025 wt%.
- the exo-content of the high reactive polybutene having a number average molecular weight of less than 10,000 among the olefin-based polymer prepared by the preparation method may be 50 to 99 %, preferably, 80 to 99%.
- the exo-content represents a case where a carbon-carbon double bond is positioned at the terminal of the polyolefin, and if the exo-content increases, it means that high reactive polyolefin, for example, polybutene (HR-PB) is produced well.
- the oligomer with a low molecular weight may have a number average molecular weight of 1,000 to 3,300, or 1,500 to 3,000, and a polymer with a medium or higher molecular weight may have a number average molecular weight of 10,000 to 100,000, preferably, 40,000 to 80,000.
- the polydispersity (PDI) of the oligomer or the polymer may be 1.5 to 3, preferably, 1.8 to 2.5.
- a step of removing the catalyst may be further performed after polymerizing the oligomer or the polymer.
- the organometal catalyst of the present invention may be easily removed through a step of simple filtering, and in this regard, has a great advantage when compared with the conventional Lewis acid catalyst.
- the organic solvent may be removed to control the amount of the organic solvent to 40 wt% or less, 20 wt% or less, or 5 wt% or less of the polymer.
- a step of filtering an insoluble material using a glass filter having 80 mesh or more, 100 mesh or more, or 200 mesh or more is performed.
- the catalyst may be removed by passing the polymer with flowability through a silica, celite or zeolite filter.
- the polymer is imparted with flowability using one or more among a linear or cyclic alkyl solvent, for example, pentane, cyclopentane, hexane, cyclohexane, heptane and octane, and an ether solvent, for example, diethyl ether and petroleum ether, and then, the step of filtering through the glass filter, silica, celite or zeolite filter may be performed.
- a linear or cyclic alkyl solvent for example, pentane, cyclopentane, hexane, cyclohexane, heptane and octane
- an ether solvent for example, diethyl ether and petroleum ether
- the oligomer or the polymer thus produced is dissolved in an organic solvent such as pentane, cyclopentane, hexane, cyclohexane, heptane, octane, diethyl ether and petroleum ether, and then washed to remove the organometal catalyst.
- an organic solvent such as pentane, cyclopentane, hexane, cyclohexane, heptane, octane, diethyl ether and petroleum ether.
- the organometal catalyst may be efficiently removed by the above-described simple filtering in the present invention, and the washing step may not be performed.
- 3 equivalents of a metal precursor of [Et 3 Si][B(C 6 F 5 ) 4 ] (purchased from Asahi Glass Co.) was put, and 3 ml of an acetonitrile solvent was also added thereto for dissolving.
- [Et 3 Si][B(C 6 F 5 ) 4 ] dissolved in acetonitrile was slowly added.
- An organometal catalyst [In(MeCN) 6 ][B(C 6 F 5 ) 4 ] 3 of a powder type was prepared by the same method in the preparation of the organometal catalyst of Preparation Example 1 except for using 100 mg of In(OAc) 3 (purchased from Sigma-Aldrich) instead of Ga(NO 3 ) 3 ⁇ xH 2 O.
- An organometal catalyst [Al(MeCN) 6 ][B(C 6 F 5 ) 4 ] 3 of a powder type was prepared by the same method in the preparation of the organometal catalyst of Preparation Example 1 except for using 100 mg of AlCl 3 (purchased from Sigma-Aldrich) instead of Ga(NO 3 ) 3 ⁇ xH 2 O.
- M(OAc) 2 M is Fe and Cu in Comparative Preparation Examples 2 and 3, respectively
- M(OAc) 2 M is Fe and Cu in Comparative Preparation Examples 2 and 3, respectively
- a metal precursor of [Et 3 Si][B(C 6 F 5 ) 4 ] purchased from Asahi Glass Co.
- 3 ml of an acetonitrile solvent was also added thereto for dissolving.
- [Et 3 Si][B(C 6 F 5 ) 4 ] dissolved in acetonitrile was slowly added. Then, stirring was performed at room temperature for 5 hours. After removing all solvents in vacuum, remaining material was washed with hexane. Drying was performed under reduced pressure conditions to obtain an organometal catalyst in a powder type. The powder thus obtained was stored at -30°C.
- Fe(OAc) 2 was purchased from Alfa Aesar Co.
- Cu(OAc) 2 was purchased from Aldrich Co., and used.
- Polyisobutenes of Examples 1 to 7 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 were prepared using each catalyst of Preparation Examples 1 and 2, and Comparative Preparation Examples 1 to 3, and the polymerization results are listed in Table 1 below.
- the exo-content, a weight average molecular weight, a number average molecular weight and a PDI value were measured as follows:
- the catalyst according to the present invention was found to maintain high reactivity at 0°C or less and possibly produced a medium molecular weight polyisobutene. Particularly, if examining Examples 3, 4, 7, 8, 10 and 11, it was found that the number average molecular weight was increased to a range of 30,000 to 100,000, with the decrease of the reaction temperature, and accordingly, the molecular weight might be controlled according to the temperature. However, in such a polyisobutene with a medium molecular weight, the exo-content was not act as a significant factor, and the exo-content was not measured.
- the conversion ratio of 82% or more and the exo-content of 87-95% were shown while maintaining relatively excellent reactivity at 30°C, but in terms of the molecular weight range, only a low molecular weight polyisobutene was obtained.
- the temperature was decreased to a low temperature (less than 0°C), catalyst activity was not found, and accordingly, the organometal catalysts of Comparative Examples 2 to 4 could not be used for the synthesis of polyisobutene having a medium or higher molecular weight.
- a high reactive PB having a low molecular weight may be efficiently synthesized at room temperature due to excellent catalyst activity, and in addition, if the reaction temperature is decreased to a low temperature, a polyisobutene having a medium molecular weight could be prepared, and the utilization of the catalyst is expected to be high.
- the catalyst of Preparation Example 3 according to the present invention had higher reactivity and a polymerization reaction could be performed in a high conversion ratio though a small amount was used when compared with the catalysts of Comparative Examples 5 and 6, which were prepared using a metal reagent as in the conventional method.
- the exo ratio of the polymer thus prepared tended to decrease if a large amount of the catalyst was added due to isomerization, but the catalyst of the present invention elevated the exo ratio of an oligomer by decreasing the catalyst amount and minimizing isomerization.
- Example 9 using the catalyst of Preparation Example 3 the exo ratio of an oligomer was found high and 92%.
- the molecular weight of the polyisobutene polymer thus prepared was in a relatively high range though using a smaller amount of the catalyst when compared with the catalyst prepared in the conventional technique.
- the number average molecular weight of the polymer obtained in Example 11 was 133000, but the molecular weights of polymers obtained in Comparative Examples 5 and 6 were 4220 and 5650, and accordingly, it was found that a polymer having a high molecular weight was manufactured using a small amount of a catalyst when using the catalyst according to the present invention.
- the organometal catalyst of the present invention was found to easily control the molecular weight of the polymer prepared.
- the catalyst of the present invention produces only organic materials as by-products but does not produce a metal halide, the by-products may be easily removed through drying or washing, thereby minimizing catalyst contamination.
- the polymerized solution was passed as it was through a celite-filled column to remove a catalyst.
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Claims (14)
- Organometallkatalysator, der einen kationischen Metallkomplex und ein sperriges Anion auf Boratbasis aufweist und durch die folgende Formel 1 dargestellt ist:in Formel 1ist M aus der Gruppe, bestehend aus Metallen in Gruppe 13, ausgewählt,L ist jeweils unabhängig ein Koordinationslösungsmittelmolekül, umfassend eine funktionelle Gruppe, ausgewählt aus der Gruppe, bestehend aus einer Cyanidgruppe, einer Isocyanidgruppe, einer Ethergruppe, einer Pyridingruppe, einer Amidgruppe, einer Sulfoxidgruppe und einer Nitrogruppe,R1 bis R4 sind jeweils unabhängig ein Wasserstoff, eine Halogengruppe oder eine substituierte oder unsubstituierte C1-C20-Alkylgruppe,R5 und R6 sind jeweils unabhängig Wasserstoff, eine C1-C20-Alkylgruppe, eine C6-C20-Arylgruppe oder eine Allylgruppe,a, b, c und a+b+c sind jeweils unabhängig eine ganze Zahl von 0 bis 3, d und a+b+c+d sind jeweils unabhängig eine ganze zahl von 1 bis 10,o, p, q und r sind jeweils unabhängig eine ganze Zahl von 1 bis 5 undx und y sind eine ganze Zahl von 1 bis 4 und sind gleich,wobei der Organometallkatalysator kein Halogensalz von einem oder mehreren Metallen, ausgewählt aus der Gruppe, bestehend aus Metallen der Gruppe 1, Gruppe 2 und Gruppe 11, umfasst.
- Organometallkatalysator gemäß Anspruch 1, wobeiM aus der Gruppe, bestehend aus Al, Ga, In und Tl, ausgewählt ist,L jeweils unabhängig ein Koordinationslösungsmittelmolekül, umfassend eine funktionelle Gruppe, ausgewählt aus der Gruppe, bestehend aus einer Cyanidgruppe, einer Isocyanidgruppe, einer Ethergruppe, einer Pyridingruppe, einer Amidgruppe, einer Sulfoxidgruppe und einer Nitrogruppe, ist undR1 bis R4 jeweils unabhängig Wasserstoff, eine Halogengruppe oder eine halogensubstituierte C1-C12-Alkylgruppe sind.
- Organometallkatalysator gemäß Anspruch 1, wobei das sperrige Anion auf Boratbasis eines oder mehrere, ausgewählt aus der Gruppe, bestehend aus Tetrakis(phenyl)borat, Tetrakis(pentafluorphenyl)borat, Tetrakis[3,5-bis(trifluormethyl)phenyl]borat und den Derivaten davon, ist.
- Organometallkatalysator gemäß Anspruch 1, wobei das Halogensalz eines oder mehrere, ausgewählt aus der Gruppe, bestehend aus Silberchlorid (AgCl), Lithiumchlorid (LiCl), Natriumchlorid (NaCl), Kaliumchlorid (KCl), Magnesiumchlorid (MgCl2), Silberbromid (AgBr), Lithiumbromid (LiBr), Natriumbromid (NaBr), Kaliumbromid (KBr), Magnesiumbromid (MgBr2), Silberiodid (AgI), Lithiumiodid (LiI), Natriumiodid (NaI), Kaliumiodid (KI) und Magnesiumiodid (MgI2), ist.
- Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Organometallkatalysators, wobei das Verfahren umfasst:einen Schritt zur Herstellung einer Dispersion, umfassend einen durch die folgende Formel 2 dargestellten Metallvorläufer und ein koordinierendes Lösungsmittel undeinen Schritt zum Reagieren einer organischen Verbindung auf Boratbasis, die ein Kation auf Kohlenstoffbasis, Silylbasis oder Aminbasis und ein sperriges Anion auf Boratbasis enthält, mit der Dispersion:
[Formel 2] M(OCOR5)e(N O3)f(OR6)g(X)h
in Formel 2ist M aus der Gruppe, bestehend aus Metallen in Gruppe 13 ausgewählt,R5 und R6 sind jeweils unabhängig Wasserstoff, eine C1-C20-Alkylgruppe, eine C6-C20-Arylgruppe oder eine Allylgruppe,X ist Cl, Br oder I unde, f, g und h jeweils unabhängig eine ganze Zahl von 0 bis 3 und e+f+g+h ist 3,wobei der Metallvorläufer und die organische Verbindung auf Boratbasis ein Molverhältnis von 1:1 bis 1:4 aufweisen undworin R1 bis R4 jeweils unabhängig Wasserstoff, eine Halogengruppe oder eine substituierte oder unsubstituierte C1-C20-Alkylgruppe sind undo, p, q und r jeweils unabhängig eine ganze Zahl von 1 bis 5 sind. - Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 5, wobei M aus der Gruppe, bestehend aus Al, Ga, In und Tl, ausgewählt ist.
- Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 5, wobei die organische Verbindung auf Boratbasis durch die folgende Formel 3 dargestellt ist:in Formel 3ist A C, Si oder N,R0 ist jeweils unabhängig Wasserstoff, eine C1-C20-Alkylgruppe, eine C1-C20-Alkoxygruppe, eine C6-C20-Arylgruppe oder eine C6-C20-Aryloxygruppe,worin m 3 ist, wenn A C oder Si ist, oder 4 ist, wenn A N ist,R1 bis R4, o, p, q und r wie in Anspruch 5 definiert sind.
- Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 7, wobeiR0 jeweils unabhängig Wasserstoff, eine C1-C12-Alkylgruppe, eine C6-C12-Arylgruppe oder eine C6-C12-Aryloxygruppe ist,R1 bis R4 jeweils unabhängig Wasserstoff, eine Halogengruppe oder eine halogensubstituierte C1-C12-Alkylgruppe sind.
- Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 5, wobei das koordinierende Lösungsmittel eines oder mehrere, ausgewählt aus der Gruppe, bestehend aus Acetonitril, Propionitril, 2-Methylpropannitril, Trimethylacetonitril, Benzonitril, Diethylether, Diallylether, Pyridin, Dimethylformamid, Dimethylsulfoxid, Nitromethan, Nitrobenzol und den Derivaten davon, umfasst.
- Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 5, ferner umfassend:
einen Schritt zum Lösen der organischen Verbindung auf Boratbasis in dem koordinierenden Lösungsmittel vor dem Reagieren mit der Dispersion. - Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 5, wobei ein Molverhältnis des Metallvorläufers und des koordinierenden Lösungsmittels in dem Reaktionsschritt 1:6 bis 1:18 beträgt.
- Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Oligomers, wobei das Verfahren einen Schritt zum kationischen Polymerisieren eines Monomers unter Verwendung des Organometallkatalysators gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4 umfasst.
- Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Polymers, wobei das Verfahren einen Schritt zum kationischen Polymerisieren eines Monomers unter Verwendung des Organometallkatalysators gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4 umfasst.
- Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Oligomers gemäß Anspruch 12, wobei das Monomer eines oder mehrere, ausgewählt aus der Gruppe, bestehend aus Styrol, Isobuten, Cyclopentadien, Dicyclopentadien, Tetrahydrofuran und den Derivaten davon, ist.
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US6008307A (en) | 1994-04-28 | 1999-12-28 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc | Process for producing olefin polymers using cationic catalysts |
EP1124865A1 (de) * | 1998-07-17 | 2001-08-22 | Bayer Inc. | Verfahren zum polymerisieren von kationisch polymerisierbarem olefin |
KR100739482B1 (ko) | 1998-12-09 | 2007-07-13 | 스미토모 베이클라이트 가부시키가이샤 | 제 10족 금속 착물을 사용하는 노르보르넨형 단량체의 몰드내 첨가 중합반응 |
MXPA02011836A (es) | 2000-05-31 | 2003-05-14 | Du Pont | Catalizadores para la polimerizacion de olefinas. |
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DE10211418A1 (de) | 2002-03-15 | 2003-09-25 | Bayer Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung hochreaktiver Polyisobutene |
EP2345677A3 (de) * | 2004-06-16 | 2014-04-16 | Dow Global Technologies LLC | Verfahren zur Auswahl von Polymerisationsmodifikatoren |
DE102005038283A1 (de) | 2005-08-12 | 2007-02-22 | Basf Ag | Solvensstabilisierte Metallkomplexe mit schwach koordinierenden Gegenanionen als Polymerisationskatalysatoren |
DE102005038282A1 (de) * | 2005-08-12 | 2007-02-22 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Copolymeren aus Isobuten und wenigstens einer vinylaromatischen Verbindung |
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DE102005055818A1 (de) * | 2005-11-21 | 2007-05-24 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von hochreaktiven Isobutenhomo- oder -copolymeren mittels metallhaltiger Katalysatorkomplexe |
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