EP3441986B1 - Conducteur électrique isolé - Google Patents

Conducteur électrique isolé Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3441986B1
EP3441986B1 EP18191902.8A EP18191902A EP3441986B1 EP 3441986 B1 EP3441986 B1 EP 3441986B1 EP 18191902 A EP18191902 A EP 18191902A EP 3441986 B1 EP3441986 B1 EP 3441986B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
layer
electrical conductor
electric conductor
insulating coating
insulating
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Application number
EP18191902.8A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3441986B8 (fr
EP3441986A1 (fr
Inventor
Jürgen Hochstöger
Rudolf Schrayvogel
Ewald Koppensteiner
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HPW Metallwerk GmbH
Original Assignee
Gebauer and Griller Metallwerk GmbH
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Priority to RS20211525A priority Critical patent/RS62697B1/sr
Priority to PL18191902T priority patent/PL3441986T3/pl
Publication of EP3441986A1 publication Critical patent/EP3441986A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3441986B1 publication Critical patent/EP3441986B1/fr
Publication of EP3441986B8 publication Critical patent/EP3441986B8/fr
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
    • H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
    • H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
    • H01B3/301—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing sulfur with or without nitrogen, oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in group H01B3/302
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/02—Disposition of insulation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B13/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables
    • H01B13/003—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables using irradiation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B13/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables
    • H01B13/06—Insulating conductors or cables
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B13/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables
    • H01B13/06—Insulating conductors or cables
    • H01B13/14—Insulating conductors or cables by extrusion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B13/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables
    • H01B13/06—Insulating conductors or cables
    • H01B13/14—Insulating conductors or cables by extrusion
    • H01B13/141—Insulating conductors or cables by extrusion of two or more insulating layers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B13/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables
    • H01B13/06—Insulating conductors or cables
    • H01B13/14—Insulating conductors or cables by extrusion
    • H01B13/145—Pretreatment or after-treatment
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
    • H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
    • H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
    • H01B3/303—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups H01B3/38 or H01B3/302
    • H01B3/305—Polyamides or polyesteramides
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
    • H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
    • H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
    • H01B3/307—Other macromolecular compounds
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
    • H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
    • H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
    • H01B3/42—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes polyesters; polyethers; polyacetals
    • H01B3/427—Polyethers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/02—Disposition of insulation
    • H01B7/0208—Cables with several layers of insulating material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/02—Disposition of insulation
    • H01B7/0208—Cables with several layers of insulating material
    • H01B7/0216—Two layers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/02—Disposition of insulation
    • H01B7/0208—Cables with several layers of insulating material
    • H01B7/0225—Three or more layers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/02—Disposition of insulation
    • H01B7/0275—Disposition of insulation comprising one or more extruded layers of insulation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/02—Disposition of insulation
    • H01B7/0291—Disposition of insulation comprising two or more layers of insulation having different electrical properties
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
    • H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
    • H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
    • H01B3/303—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups H01B3/38 or H01B3/302
    • H01B3/306—Polyimides or polyesterimides
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
    • H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
    • H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
    • H01B3/44—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins
    • H01B3/441—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins from alkenes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an insulated electrical conductor comprising an electrical conductor, preferably made of copper or aluminum, with an insulating coating, the insulating coating comprising at least one outer insulating layer made of thermoplastic material, and to a method for producing such an insulated electrical conductor.
  • Insulated electrical conductors are installed in almost every electrical device in order to conduct electrical current without causing short circuits, which can be caused by the contact of non-electrically insulated conductors.
  • Such insulated electrical conductors comprise an electrical conductor made of copper and a coating which electrically insulates the electrical conductor and usually has one or more layers.
  • the insulating coating comprises an insulating layer made of thermoplastic material.
  • an all-round cut is usually made on the insulated electrical conductor perpendicular to a conductor axis, the electrical conductor is stretched by 20% and then the detachment of the insulating coating from the electrical conductor is measured. The less the insulating coating detaches from the electrical conductor, the better the adhesion.
  • JP2003031061A discloses the production of an insulated electrical conductor comprising an electrical conductor with an insulating coating, the insulating coating comprising an insulating layer made of thermoplastic material (EVA or PE).
  • the electrical conductor of the generic insulated electrical conductor consists of copper or an alloy with a high copper content or aluminum or other electrically conductive materials.
  • the electrical conductor is understood to mean both a single conductor and a stranded wire containing a plurality of individual conductors.
  • the cross-sectional geometry of the electrical conductor which is normal to a conductor axis, can have any geometric shape: square, rectangular, circular or elliptical, whereby it Any edges are usually rounded or profiled.
  • the insulation of the electrical conductor is ensured by the provided at least one insulation layer made of thermoplastic material, wherein the at least one insulation layer can advantageously form the outermost layer of the insulating coating. However, it is also conceivable that one or more further insulation layers are applied to the at least one insulation layer.
  • oxide layer for example made of copper oxide or aluminum oxide
  • the oxide layer has a negative effect on the adhesive properties of a layer of the insulating coating applied to the surface of the electrical conductor.
  • the adhesion of the layer of the insulating coating applied to the surface of the electrical conductor from which the oxide layer has been removed is significantly improved. It has been shown that the oxide layer can be completely removed by a plasma treatment under an - oxygen-free - protective gas atmosphere, with other impurities also being able to be removed by the plasma treatment. It is even possible that the plasma treatment removes the top atomic layers of the electrical conductor.
  • a gas plasma is generated in the protective gas atmosphere and the electrical conductor in the plasma is bombarded with ions of the protective gas in order to remove at least the oxide layer by the ion bombardment.
  • Suitable protective gas or process gas are, for example, nitrogen, argon or hydrogen.
  • the plasma treatment has other positive effects on the insulated electrical conductor: on the one hand, the electrical conductor is heated by the impact energy of the ions on the surface and can be annealed during the plasma treatment
  • the surface energy of the electrical conductor can be increased by ion bombardment, which additionally improves the adhesion of the insulating coating to the surface of the electrical conductor.
  • Another effect of the plasma treatment is the increase in the micro-roughness of the surface of the electrical conductor, which also has a positive effect on the adhesion of the insulating coating.
  • At least part of the insulating coating is applied to the surface of the electrical conductor in a protective gas atmosphere, preferably in the same protective gas atmosphere under which the plasma treatment is carried out.
  • An insulated electrical conductor according to the invention has particularly good adhesion properties due to the direct application of a plastic-containing intermediate layer of the insulating coating or the direct application of the insulating layer made of thermoplastic material to the plasma-treated and thus oxide-layer-free surface of the electrical conductor: If a circumferential cut on the insulated electrical conductor is perpendicular carried out to a conductor axis and the conductor stretched by 20%, the detachment of the insulating coating from the electrical conductor measured in the direction of the conductor axis is only a maximum of 3 mm, preferably a maximum of 2 mm, in particular a maximum of 1 mm.
  • the adhesion effect is thus achieved in both variants in that a plastic layer, which is preferably made of plastic, is applied under a protective gas atmosphere directly to the surface of the electrical conductor, which is preferably plasma-cleaned and thus oxide layer-free.
  • the plastic layer can be the at least one insulating layer made of thermoplastic plastic if no intermediate layer is provided.
  • the plastic layer can also be an intermediate layer containing plastic, preferably a plasma polymer layer or at least one fluoropolymer layer. If the insulating coating has an intermediate layer containing plastic, the at least one insulating layer is preferably applied directly to the intermediate layer containing plastic. However, it is also conceivable that one or more further intermediate layers are provided between the intermediate layer containing plastic and the at least one insulation layer.
  • the plastic-containing intermediate layer of the insulating coating is preferably the plasma polymer layer or the at least one fluoropolymer layer.
  • the insulating coating consists of the at least one insulation layer, that is to say has no further intermediate layers.
  • the detachment of the insulating coating from the electrical conductor usually remains far below 1 mm, in particular a maximum of 0.2 mm, preferably a maximum of 0.1 mm, preferably a maximum of 0.05 mm, particularly preferably a maximum 0.01 mm, if the at least one insulation layer is applied directly to the surface of the electrical conductor.
  • the at least one insulation layer comprises a polyaryletherketone [PAEK], in particular polyetheretherketone [PEEK], or consists of polyaryletherketone [PAEK], in particular polyetheretherketone [PEEK].
  • One embodiment variant of the invention provides that the electrical conductor is arranged continuously under a protective gas atmosphere until the insulating coating is applied in order to prevent the formation of a new oxide layer on the surface of the electrical conductor. It is also possible to run through several protective gas atmospheres one after the other, as long as the plasma-treated electrical conductor is arranged uninterruptedly under one of the protective gas atmospheres.
  • the gas plasma for bombarding the electrical conductor is a low-pressure plasma, preferably with a pressure below 80 mbar, which can be produced in a manner known per se.
  • pressures below 50 mbar or even below 20 mbar are conceivable.
  • the insulating coating in particular the at least one insulating layer, has a temperature resistance of at least 180 ° C, preferably of at least 200 ° C, in particular of at least 220 ° C.
  • thermoplastic material of the at least one insulation layer is selected from the group consisting of polyaryletherketone [PAEK], polyimide [PI], polyamideimide [PAI], polyetherimide [PEI], polyphenylene sulfide [PPS] and combinations thereof.
  • PAEK polyaryletherketone
  • PAI polyamideimide
  • PEI polyetherimide
  • PPS polyphenylene sulfide
  • the thermoplastic material can comprise one or more of the plastics mentioned above and, if appropriate, further components, such as fiber material, fillers or further plastics.
  • Polyaryletherketones are made up of phenyl groups linked by means of oxygen bridges, i.e. ether or ketone groups, the number and sequence of the ether or ketone groups within the polyaryletherketones being variable.
  • Polyimides are plastics whose most important structural feature is the imide group. These include polysuccinimide (PSI), Polybismaleimide (PBMI) and polyoxadiazobenzimidazole (PBO), polyimidesulfone (PISO) and polymethacrylimide (PMI).
  • thermoplastic of the at least one insulation layer is a polyaryletherketone [PAEK] selected from the group consisting of polyetherketone [PEK], polyetheretherketone [PEEK], polyetherketoneketone [PEKK ], Polyether ether ketone ketone [PEEKK], polyether ketone ether ketone ketone [PEKEKK], and combinations thereof.
  • PAEK polyaryletherketone
  • Polyetheretherketone [PEEK] has proven to be particularly well suited for the at least one insulation layer.
  • the at least one insulation layer has a thickness between 10 and 1000 ⁇ m, preferably between 25 ⁇ m and 750 ⁇ m, particularly preferably between 30 ⁇ m and 500 ⁇ m, in particular between 50 ⁇ m and 250 ⁇ m.
  • other layer thicknesses are also conceivable, for example 40 ⁇ m, 60 ⁇ m, 80 ⁇ m, 100 ⁇ m or 200 ⁇ m, to name a few possibilities.
  • the specified values can relate both to the thickness of an individual layer of the insulation layer and to the total thickness of the insulation layer if the insulation layer comprises more than one layer.
  • the at least one insulation layer can be produced inexpensively and quickly if it is applied by an extrusion process, that is to say it is extruded on. Therefore, in a further preferred embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the, preferably outer, insulation layer can be produced by means of an extrusion process.
  • the insulating coating consists of the at least one insulating layer and the at least one insulating layer is applied directly to the surface of the electrical conductor, one becomes special enables simple and inexpensive production of an insulated electrical conductor according to the invention, since the adhesion of the at least one insulation layer to the surface of the electrical conductor as a result of the plasma treatment is already so good that no intermediate layers are necessary.
  • the insulating coating consists of the at least one insulating layer and that the plastic-containing intermediate layer applied directly to the surface of the electrical conductor is the at least one insulating layer.
  • the particularly preferred embodiment relates to an insulated electrical conductor comprising an electrical conductor, preferably made of copper or aluminum, with an insulating coating, the insulating coating consisting of at least one insulating layer made of thermoplastic material, obtainable by a method in which the electrical conductor is under a protective gas atmosphere in a gas plasma is bombarded with ions of the protective gas in order to remove an oxide layer formed on a surface of the electrical conductor and / or to increase the surface energy of the electrical conductor, and the at least one insulation layer is applied directly to the surface of the electrical conductor is, the at least one insulation layer is applied to the electrical conductor in a protective gas atmosphere.
  • the particularly preferred embodiment also relates to an insulated electrical conductor comprising an electrical conductor, preferably made of copper or aluminum, with an insulating coating, the insulating coating consisting of at least one insulating layer made of thermoplastic material, the invention providing that an oxide layer formed on a surface of the electrical conductor by bombarding the electrical conductor with ions of a Protective gas of a protective gas atmosphere is removed in a gas plasma and subsequently the at least one insulation layer is applied directly to the oxide-layer-free surface of the electrical conductor.
  • the insulating coating can consist, for example, of only a single insulating layer which is applied directly to the surface of the electrical conductor in order to enable particularly simple manufacture.
  • a further particularly preferred embodiment of the invention provides that the insulating Coating consists of exactly two or more than two, for example three or four, insulation layers.
  • a lowermost insulation layer is applied directly to the surface of the electrical conductor, the further insulation layers each being applied to one of the preceding insulation layers. If a fault has occurred in the lowest insulation layer, i.e.
  • the subsequent insulation layers increase the likelihood that the faulty section of the lowest insulation layer will not be covered by the following insulation layers either, reduced following an exponential function.
  • all insulation layers are applied in a protective gas atmosphere, so that the adhesion of subsequent insulation layers in the area of defective sections of the preceding insulation layers is improved.
  • At least one, that is to say for example one, two, three or four, further insulation layer made of thermoplastic material can be applied to the insulating coating or to the insulating coating consisting of the at least one insulating layer.
  • the at least one further insulation layer is preferably constructed analogously to the at least one insulation layer, so that the thermoplastic plastic of the at least one further insulation layer is selected from the group consisting of polyaryletherketone [PAEK], in particular polyetheretherketone [PEEK], polyimide [PI], polyamideimide [PAI ], Polyetherimide [PEI], polyphenylene sulfide [PPS], and combinations thereof.
  • At least one further insulation layer is applied to the insulating coating outside the protective gas atmosphere in order to cover any defective sections of the insulating coating, so that the adhesion of the further insulation layer is not improved in the area of the defective sections of the insulating coating.
  • further insulation layers can also be applied if a greater thickness of the insulation is required. Therefore, in a further embodiment of the invention it is provided that at least one, preferably one, two or three, further insulation layer is applied to the insulating coating, the at least one further insulation layer not being applied in a protective gas atmosphere.
  • the insulating coating has a plasma polymer layer of crosslinked macromolecules of non-uniform chain length, which plasma polymer layer is applied directly to the surface of the electrical conductor by polymerizing a gaseous monomer in a gas plasma, preferably in a gas plasma for bombarding the electrical conductor, can be produced.
  • the plastic-containing intermediate layer of the insulating coating applied directly to the surface of the electrical conductor in this exemplary embodiment is the plasma polymer layer.
  • the plasma polymer layer serves as an intermediate layer and, on the one hand, adheres excellently to the surface of the electrical conductor and, on the other hand, enables increased adhesion of the layer of the insulating coating applied to the plasma polymer layer, for example the at least one insulating layer.
  • the plasma polymer layer has a thickness of 1 ⁇ m or less. Thicknesses of up to a hundredth of a micrometer are conceivable as the lower limit. Due to the small layer thickness, the plasma polymer layer has only a negligible effect on the entire thickness of the insulated electrical conductor.
  • the monomer for producing the plasma polymer layer is ethylene, buthenol, acetone or tetrafluoromethane [CF 4 ].
  • the plasma polymer layers formed by these monomers in the plasma are characterized by particularly good adhesion properties.
  • the plasma polymer layer is to have properties similar to those of polytetrafluoroethylene [PTFE] or perfluoroethylene propylene [FEP], CF 4 is the ideal monomer.
  • the insulating coating has at least one fluoropolymer layer applied directly to the surface of the electrical conductor, preferably comprising polytetrafluoroethylene [PTFE] or perfluoroethylene propylene [FEP].
  • the fluoropolymer layer is also characterized by excellent adhesive properties, both on the electrical conductor and on the layer applied to the fluoropolymer layer, and serves as an intermediate layer insulating coating. It is also conceivable that several fluoropolymer layers, for example two, three or four, are applied to the electrical conductor on top of one another.
  • the thickness of the at least one fluoropolymer layer is between 1 ⁇ m and 120 ⁇ m, preferably between 5 ⁇ m and 100 ⁇ m, particularly preferably between 10 ⁇ m and 80 ⁇ m, in particular between 20 ⁇ m and 50 ⁇ m .
  • the entire insulating coating is applied in a preferred embodiment of the invention under a protective gas atmosphere.
  • a further embodiment of the invention provides that the at least one insulation layer is applied directly to the plasma polymer layer or the at least one fluoropolymer layer.
  • the insulating coating consists of at least two layers: the first lower layer applied directly to the electrical conductor in accordance with the first or second alternative embodiment variant and the second upper layer in the form of the at least one insulating layer made of thermoplastic material.
  • the outermost layer of the insulating coating can either be formed by the at least one insulating layer itself or by one or more further layers.
  • the electrical conductor preferably made of copper or aluminum, is subjected to the process in the form of a tape or a wire.
  • the electrical conductor is either treated "inline", i.e. directly after the production of the electrical conductor (for example by cold forming or extrusion), in accordance with the method according to the invention, or the electrical conductor is made available in wound form via a coil payout.
  • the electrical conductor becomes one more before the plasma treatment mechanical and / or chemical pre-cleaning.
  • the plasma treatment is carried out analogously to the previous explanations, the electrical conductor being continuously conveyed through the plasma treatment unit carrying out the plasma treatment.
  • the thickness of the layer removed from the electrical conductor by the plasma treatment can be precisely adjusted by a suitable choice of the process parameters.
  • the temperature for the soft annealing and the associated recrystallization of the structure of the electrical conductor can also be defined.
  • the insulating coating is applied to the treated surface of the electrical conductor.
  • the insulating coating adheres particularly well to the surface of the electrical conductor due to the removal of the oxide layer or the activation of the surface by increasing the surface energy of the electrical conductor.
  • either the at least one insulation layer or at least the plastic-containing intermediate layer of the insulating coating i.e. in particular the plasma polymer layer or the at least one fluoropolymer layer, applied directly to the oxide layer-free surface of the electrical conductor in a protective gas atmosphere. It is particularly advantageous if the electrical conductor is arranged continuously under a protective gas atmosphere until the insulating coating is applied. It goes without saying that, if two, three or more insulation layers made of thermoplastic material are provided, in any case the first of the insulation layers is applied directly to the surface of the electrical conductor and the subsequent ones Insulation layers are at least partially applied to the underlying insulation layers.
  • Insulated electrical conductors produced in this way have particularly good adhesion properties through the direct application of an intermediate layer of the insulating coating containing plastic or through the direct application of the at least one insulating layer made of thermoplastic material to the plasma-treated, oxide-free surface of the electrical conductor: If an all-round cut is made on the insulated electrical conductor carried out perpendicular to a conductor axis and the conductor stretched by 20%, the detachment of the insulating coating from the electrical conductor measured in the direction of the conductor axis is only a maximum of 3 mm, preferably a maximum of 2 mm, in particular a maximum of 1 mm.
  • thermoplastic of the at least one insulation layer is selected from the group consisting of polyaryletherketone [PAEK], in particular polyetheretherketone [PEEK], polyimide [PI], polyamideimide [PAI], polyetherimide [PEI], polyphenylene sulfide [ PPS] and combinations thereof.
  • PAEK polyaryletherketone
  • PEEK polyetheretherketone
  • PI polyimide
  • PAI polyamideimide
  • PEI polyetherimide
  • PPS polyphenylene sulfide
  • Extrusion is a cost-effective method for applying the insulation layer and is also particularly suitable for PAEK, in particular PEEK, and PPS.
  • the at least one insulation layer can thus also be applied in a simple manner as the outermost layer of the insulating coating.
  • the electrical conductor By preheating the electrical conductor, which is particularly advantageous if the at least one insulation layer or the insulating coating is extruded directly onto the surface of the electrical conductor, a sudden cooling of the plastic-containing intermediate layer on contact with the electrical conductor is reduced and thus negative influences on adhesion are minimized.
  • the electrical conductor is cooled before the application of the insulating coating in order to prevent excessive heating, for example a melt, of the plastic-containing intermediate layer upon contact with the electrical conductor. Therefore, in a further preferred embodiment of the method, it is provided that the electrical conductor is brought to a temperature of at least 200 ° C., preferably at least 400 ° C., before the insulating coating is applied.
  • the insulated electrical conductor is cooled after the at least one insulation layer has been extruded on, depending on the strength of the at least one insulation layer to be achieved.
  • the setting of the mechanical properties of the at least one insulation layer takes place, among other things, through the defined cooling of the insulated electrical conductor and the resulting setting of the degree of crystallization and is particularly important if the at least one insulation layer is the outermost layer the insulating coating. If the insulated electrical conductor is cooled slowly, for example, by cooling in air, the result is a high degree of crystallinity of the at least one insulation layer. Quenching in a water bath, i.e. abrupt cooling, or a combination of abrupt and slow cooling is also conceivable.
  • the insulated electrical conductor is guided over rollers, preferably pressure rollers, after the at least one insulation layer has been extruded on. It is particularly advantageous if the at least one insulation layer forms the outermost layer of the insulating coating. Closely guiding the insulated electrical conductor over the pressure rollers while applying pressure to the insulated electrical conductor leads to particularly good adhesion of the insulating coating or in particular of the at least one insulation layer on the surface of the electrical conductor.
  • the interfaces of the insulating coating between the individual layers, if several are present, and / or the interface of the lowest layer of the insulating coating and the surface of the electrical conductor are pressed against one another, thus increasing the adhesion effects.
  • the insulating coating consists of at least two, preferably exactly two, insulating layers and the insulating coating is produced by means of tandem extrusion under a protective gas atmosphere.
  • the tandem extrusion the at least two insulation layers are produced independently of one another, so that a clogging of an extrusion tool only causes a defect in one of the insulation layers.
  • the defective section is covered with a high degree of probability by the subsequent extrusion steps.
  • a further embodiment of the invention provides that at least one further insulating layer made of thermoplastic material is applied to the insulating material by means of tandem extrusion Coating is extruded on, the extrusion of the further insulation layer not taking place under a protective gas atmosphere.
  • thermoplastic of the at least one further insulation layer is preferably selected from the group consisting of polyaryletherketone [PAEK], in particular polyetheretherketone [PEEK], polyimide [PI], polyamideimide [PAI], polyetherimide [PEI], polyphenylene sulfide [PPS] and combinations thereof.
  • PAEK polyaryletherketone
  • PEEK polyetheretherketone
  • PI polyimide
  • PAI polyamideimide
  • PEI polyetherimide
  • PPS polyphenylene sulfide
  • the steps required to produce the insulating coating can be reduced by the fact that the at least one insulating layer and the at least one fluoropolymer Layer can be produced by means of co- or tandem extrusion. So both layers can be in can only be produced in a single production step and with an extrusion unit.
  • a further embodiment variant provides that a plasma polymer layer containing plastic is applied directly to the surface of the electrical conductor by polymerizing a gaseous monomer in a gas plasma.
  • an insulated electrical conductor according to the invention is used as a winding wire for electrical machines, preferably electrical motors or transformers.
  • FIG. 11 shows a schematic representation of a method for producing an insulated electrical conductor as shown in FIG Figures 2a to 2d or 3a to 3d is shown.
  • the insulated electrical conductor comprises an electrical conductor 1 made of copper, other materials such as aluminum are also conceivable, and an insulating coating 2, which has at least one insulating layer 3 made of thermoplastic, preferably high-temperature-resistant plastic.
  • the at least one insulation layer 3 is designed as an outer insulation layer 3 and thus forms the outermost layer of the insulating coating 2.
  • one or more additional layers, preferably Insulation layers can be applied, which can then form the outermost layer of the insulating coating 2.
  • the electrical conductor 1 is continuously fed to the process as a strip or wire via a coil payout 7 and can be produced using cold forming processes, such as drawing or rolling, or extrusion, for example using Conform® technology. It goes without saying that the method according to the invention can also be carried out “in-line”, that is to say directly following the manufacturing process.
  • the electrical conductor 1 is pre-cleaned mechanically, for example by means of a grinding process, or chemically, for example by means of suitable solvents or acids, in a pre-cleaning unit 8, in order to remove coarse dirt from the electrical conductor 1.
  • the pre-cleaned electrical conductor 1 arrives in a plasma treatment unit 9 in which a protective gas atmosphere of nitrogen, argon or hydrogen prevails and a gas plasma is produced in the form of a low-pressure plasma with a pressure of less than 20 mbar.
  • a low-pressure plasma can also be used at a pressure of less than 80 mbar can be produced.
  • the surface of the electrical conductor 1 is bombarded with ions of the protective gas in order to ablate or remove an oxide layer formed on a surface of the electrical conductor 1.
  • the electrical conductor 1 is annealed soft by the plasma treatment and the surface energy of the electrical conductor 1 increases, so the surface is activated.
  • the insulating coating 2 consists of only one insulation layer 3.
  • the insulation layer 3 has a temperature resistance of over 180 ° C., preferably over 220 ° C., so that the insulated electrical conductor can also be used at high operating temperatures.
  • the outer insulation layer 3 consists of polyetheretherketone [PEEK], which has both high temperature resistance and high resistance to a large number of organic and inorganic substances.
  • the outer insulation layer 3 can also consist of polyphenylene sulfide [PPS] or comprise PEEK and / or PPS.
  • the electrical conductor 1 In order to achieve increased adhesion between the electrical conductor 1 and the outer insulation layer 3, the electrical conductor 1, after passing through the plasma treatment unit 9, enters the extrusion unit 11 in which the outer insulation layer 3 is extruded onto the electrical conductor 1 will.
  • the electrical conductor 1 is preheated to a temperature of at least 200.degree. C., preferably at least 300.degree.
  • both the extrusion and the transport of the conductor 1 into the extrusion unit 11 take place under a protective gas atmosphere.
  • An insulated electrical conductor produced in this way can be used, for example, as a winding wire, also known as "magnet wire" in English, in an electrical machine, such as an electric motor or a transformer.
  • the thickness of the outer insulation layer 3 is approximately 30 ⁇ m in the present exemplary embodiment.
  • the insulation layer 3 consists of a polyaryletherketone [PAEK] such as polyetheretherketone [PEEK], particularly good adhesion properties are achieved as a result.
  • the separation of the insulation layer 3 from the electrical conductor 1 usually remains far below 1 mm, and is in particular a maximum of 0.2 mm, preferably a maximum of 0.1 mm, preferably a maximum of 0.05 mm, particularly preferably a maximum of 0.01 mm.
  • the thermoplastic of the insulation layer 3 is polyimide [PI], polyamideimide [PAI], polyetherimide [PEI], polyphenylene sulfide [PPS], increased adhesion properties can be achieved.
  • the at least one insulation layer 3 can also comprise two, three, four or more individual insulation layers 3, all of which are produced in the extrusion unit 11 under a protective gas atmosphere. This allows the probability of defects in the insulating coating 2 to be drastically reduced, since defects in the lowest of the insulation layers 3 are compensated for by subsequent insulation layers 3. Tandem extrusion processes are particularly suitable for such a production.
  • further insulation layers which are preferably constructed analogously to the at least one insulation layer 3, that is to say in particular made of a polyaryletherketone [PAEK] such as Polyetheretherketone [PEEK] or another of the aforementioned plastics, are applied to the insulating coating 2 in a further extrusion unit 12 outside the protective gas atmosphere.
  • PAEK polyaryletherketone
  • PEEK Polyetheretherketone
  • the insulating coating 2 comprises in FIG Figures 2b and 3b
  • an intermediate layer containing plastic in the form of a plasma polymer layer 4 is shown in addition to the second embodiment variant the extrusion unit 11 is arranged. It is also conceivable that the plasma treatment and the plasma polymerization are carried out in a combined device.
  • the plasma polymer layer 4 is formed in the plasma polymerization unit 10 on the surface of the electrical conductor 1 by adding a gaseous monomer such as ethylene, buthenol, acetone or tetrafluoromethane [CF 4 ] is activated by means of the plasma and, as a result, highly crosslinked macromolecules of different chain lengths and a proportion of free radicals are formed, which are deposited as a plasma polymer layer 4 on the surface of the electrical conductor 1.
  • the plasma polymer layer 4 produced in this way is less than 1 ⁇ m thick and adheres particularly well to the activated and oxide-free surface of the electrical conductor 1.
  • the outer insulation layer 3 is in turn extruded onto the plasma polymer layer 4 in the extrusion unit 11 as described above, the adhesion between the plasma polymer layer 4 and the outer insulation layer 3 also being high.
  • the insulating coating 2 comprises, in addition to the outer insulating layer 3 made of PEEK, a fluoropolymer layer 5 made of polytetrafluoroethylene [PTFE] or perfluoroethylene propylene [FEP] plastic-containing intermediate layer which is applied directly to the surface of the electrical conductor 1 and further improves the adhesion between the electrical conductor 1 and the outer insulation layer 3.
  • the fluoropolymer layer 5 is produced together with the outer insulation layer 3 in the extrusion unit 11 by means of a co- or tandem extrusion process.
  • the thickness of the fluoropolymer layer 5 is approximately 30 ⁇ m in the present exemplary embodiment.
  • the insulated electrical conductor is cooled in a controlled manner, for example by air cooling, and passed over a series of pressure rollers which further improve the adhesion by exerting pressure on the insulated electrical conductor. Finally, the insulated electrical conductor is wound onto a reel winder 13.
  • Fig. 1 it is an overview in which all facilities are shown that are necessary for the production of the individual design variants. While the sequence, from right to left, of the devices passed through is independent of the embodiment variant and in any case the plasma treatment unit 9 and the extrusion unit 11 must be passed through, the plasma polymerization unit 9 and the further extrusion unit 12 are involved about optional equipment that is only used in the manufacture of specific design variants. It goes without saying that instead of a co- or tandem extrusion process, several individual extrusions can also be carried out sequentially.

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  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Insulated Conductors (AREA)
  • Insulating Of Coils (AREA)
  • Processes Specially Adapted For Manufacturing Cables (AREA)
  • Organic Insulating Materials (AREA)
  • Insulation, Fastening Of Motor, Generator Windings (AREA)
  • Paints Or Removers (AREA)
  • Physical Vapour Deposition (AREA)

Claims (16)

  1. Conducteur électrique isolé comprenant
    un conducteur électrique (1), de préférence en cuivre ou en aluminium, avec un revêtement isolant (2),
    lequel revêtement isolant (2) contient soit
    au moins une couche d'isolation (3) en matière thermoplastique,
    soit
    au moins une couche d'isolation (3) en matière thermoplastique et une couche intermédiaire (4, 5) contenant une matière plastique, de préférence une couche de polymère déposé par plasma (4) ou au moins une couche de fluoropolymère (5),
    caractérisé en ce qu'une couche d'oxyde formée sur une surface du conducteur électrique (1) est éliminée, de préférence par bombardement du conducteur électrique (1) avec des ions d'un gaz protecteur d'une atmosphère de gaz protecteur dans un plasma de gaz,
    après quoi, soit
    l'au moins une couche d'isolation (3) est appliquée directement sur la surface débarrassée de la couche d'oxyde du conducteur électrique (1),
    soit, si le revêtement (2) comprend la couche intermédiaire contenant une matière plastique (4, 5),
    la couche intermédiaire contenant une matière plastique (4, 5), au moins, est appliquée directement sur la surface du conducteur électrique (1) débarrassée de la couche d'oxyde.
  2. Conducteur électrique isolé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la couche d'oxyde formée à la surface du conducteur électrique (1) est éliminée par bombardement du conducteur électrique avec des ions d'un gaz protecteur d'une atmosphère de gaz protecteur dans un plasma de gaz.
  3. Conducteur électrique isolé selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que le revêtement isolant (2), en particulier l'au moins une couche d'isolation (3), présente une résistance aux hautes températures d'au moins 180 °C, de préférence au moins 200 °C, en particulier au moins 220 °C.
  4. Conducteur électrique isolé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que la matière thermoplastique de l'au moins une couche d'isolation (3) est choisie parmi le groupe comprenant la polyaryléthercétone [PAEK], le polyimide [PI], le polyamide-imide [PAI], le polyéther-imide [PEI], le sulfure de polyphénylène [PPS] et des combinaisons de ceux-ci.
  5. Conducteur électrique isolé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que la matière thermoplastique de l'au moins une couche d'isolation (3) est une polyaryléthercétone [PAEK] choisie dans le groupe comprenant la polyéthercétone [PEK], la polyétheréthercétone [PEEK], la polyéthercétonecétone [PEKK], la polyétheréthercétonecétone [PEEKK], la polyéthercétone-éthercétonecétone [PEKEKK] et des combinaisons de celles-ci.
  6. Conducteur électrique isolé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que l'au moins une couche d'isolation (3) présente une épaisseur comprise entre 10 et jusqu'à 1000 µm, de préférence entre 25 µm et 750 µm, en particulier entre 30 µm et 500 µm, tout particulièrement entre 50 µm et 250 µm.
  7. Conducteur électrique isolé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que l'au moins une couche d'isolation (3) peut être fabriquée au moyen d'un procédé d'extrusion.
  8. Conducteur électrique isolé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que le revêtement isolant (2) se compose de l'au moins une couche d'isolation (3).
  9. Conducteur électrique isolé selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que le revêtement isolant (2) se compose d'une couche d'isolation (3).
  10. Conducteur électrique isolé selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que le revêtement isolant (2) se compose d'au moins deux, de préférence d'exactement deux, couches d'isolation (3).
  11. Conducteur électrique isolé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 10, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins une autre couche d'isolation en matière thermoplastique est appliquée sur le revêtement isolant (2), l'au moins une autre couche d'isolation n'étant pas appliquée sous atmosphère de gaz protecteur.
  12. Conducteur électrique isolé selon la revendication 11, caractérisé en ce que la matière thermoplastique de l'au moins une autre couche d'isolation est choisie dans le groupe comprenant la polyaryléthercétone [PAEK], de préférence la polyétheréthercétone [PEEK], le polyimide [PI], le polyamide-imide [PAI], le polyéther-imide [PEI], le sulfure de polyphénylène [PPS] et des combinaisons de ceux-ci.
  13. Conducteur électrique isolé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que le revêtement isolant (2) comporte au moins une couche de fluoropolymère (5) et en ce que la couche intermédiaire contenant une matière plastique appliquée directement sur la surface du conducteur électrique (1) est la couche de fluoropolymère (5).
  14. Conducteur électrique isolé selon la revendication 13, caractérisé en ce que la couche de fluoropolymère (5) contient du polytétrafluoroéthylène [PTFE] ou du perfluoroéthylènepropylène [FEP].
  15. Conducteur électrique isolé selon l'une des revendications 13 à 14, caractérisé en ce que l'épaisseur de l'au moins une couche de fluoropolymère (5) est comprise entre 1 µm et 120 µm, de préférence entre 5 µm et 100 µm, en particulier entre 10 µm et 80 µm, tout particulièrement entre 20 µm et 50 µm.
  16. Conducteur électrique isolé selon l'une des revendications 13 à 15, caractérisé en ce que l'ensemble du revêtement isolant (2) est appliqué sur le conducteur électrique (1) sous atmosphère de gaz protecteur.
EP18191902.8A 2016-04-01 2017-03-20 Conducteur électrique isolé Active EP3441986B8 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
RS20211525A RS62697B1 (sr) 2016-04-01 2017-03-20 Izolovani električni provodnik
PL18191902T PL3441986T3 (pl) 2016-04-01 2017-03-20 Izolowany przewód elektryczny

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP16163536.2A EP3226258B1 (fr) 2016-04-01 2016-04-01 Conducteur electrique isole
PCT/EP2017/056489 WO2017167595A1 (fr) 2016-04-01 2017-03-20 Conducteur électrique isolé
EP17711216.6A EP3394861B1 (fr) 2016-04-01 2017-03-20 Conducteur electrique isole

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EP17711216.6A Division-Into EP3394861B1 (fr) 2016-04-01 2017-03-20 Conducteur electrique isole
EP17711216.6A Division EP3394861B1 (fr) 2016-04-01 2017-03-20 Conducteur electrique isole

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EP3441986A1 EP3441986A1 (fr) 2019-02-13
EP3441986B1 true EP3441986B1 (fr) 2021-09-29
EP3441986B8 EP3441986B8 (fr) 2021-11-03

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US (2) US20190131037A1 (fr)
EP (3) EP3226258B1 (fr)
JP (2) JP6877773B2 (fr)
KR (2) KR102587257B1 (fr)
CN (2) CN114520071A (fr)
BR (2) BR122020003443B1 (fr)
CA (1) CA3019024C (fr)
ES (3) ES2704893T3 (fr)
HU (1) HUE056737T2 (fr)
MA (2) MA44633A (fr)
MD (1) MD3441986T2 (fr)
MX (1) MX2018011979A (fr)
MY (1) MY188833A (fr)
PL (3) PL3226258T3 (fr)
PT (3) PT3226258T (fr)
RS (3) RS58038B1 (fr)
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EP3394861B1 (fr) 2019-05-01
RS58877B1 (sr) 2019-08-30
ES2903093T3 (es) 2022-03-31
EP3226258A1 (fr) 2017-10-04
US20230040706A1 (en) 2023-02-09
EP3394861A1 (fr) 2018-10-31
BR112018069576A2 (pt) 2019-01-22
MA44633A (fr) 2019-02-13
JP6877773B2 (ja) 2021-05-26
PL3441986T3 (pl) 2022-03-07
ES2704893T3 (es) 2019-03-20
MA44174A (fr) 2018-10-31
EP3441986B8 (fr) 2021-11-03
EP3226258B1 (fr) 2018-10-24
TR201910192T4 (tr) 2019-08-21
KR20180128920A (ko) 2018-12-04
WO2017167595A1 (fr) 2017-10-05
MY188833A (en) 2022-01-07
RS58038B1 (sr) 2019-02-28
CA3019024A1 (fr) 2017-10-05
MD3441986T2 (ro) 2022-05-31
KR20220137813A (ko) 2022-10-12
JP7055496B2 (ja) 2022-04-18
PT3226258T (pt) 2019-01-09
KR102587257B1 (ko) 2023-10-10
MX2018011979A (es) 2019-01-15
PL3226258T3 (pl) 2019-04-30
JP2021122007A (ja) 2021-08-26
PT3394861T (pt) 2019-07-08
CN114520071A (zh) 2022-05-20
US20190131037A1 (en) 2019-05-02
PL3394861T3 (pl) 2019-10-31
JP2019519062A (ja) 2019-07-04
US12087468B2 (en) 2024-09-10
PT3441986T (pt) 2021-12-02
ES2737298T3 (es) 2020-01-13
RS62697B1 (sr) 2022-01-31
HUE056737T2 (hu) 2022-03-28
KR102455180B1 (ko) 2022-10-14
BR122020003443B1 (pt) 2023-04-11
CA3019024C (fr) 2022-05-31
CN109074918A (zh) 2018-12-21
EP3441986A1 (fr) 2019-02-13

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