EP3226258B1 - Conducteur electrique isole - Google Patents

Conducteur electrique isole Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3226258B1
EP3226258B1 EP16163536.2A EP16163536A EP3226258B1 EP 3226258 B1 EP3226258 B1 EP 3226258B1 EP 16163536 A EP16163536 A EP 16163536A EP 3226258 B1 EP3226258 B1 EP 3226258B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
conductor
insulating layer
coating
electric conductor
layer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP16163536.2A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3226258A1 (fr
Inventor
Jürgen Hochstöger
Rudolf Schrayvogel
Ewald Koppensteiner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
HPW Metallwerk GmbH
Original Assignee
Gebauer and Griller Metallwerk GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to PT16163536T priority Critical patent/PT3226258T/pt
Application filed by Gebauer and Griller Metallwerk GmbH filed Critical Gebauer and Griller Metallwerk GmbH
Priority to RS20181483A priority patent/RS58038B1/sr
Priority to PL16163536T priority patent/PL3226258T3/pl
Priority to ES16163536T priority patent/ES2704893T3/es
Priority to EP16163536.2A priority patent/EP3226258B1/fr
Priority to PT181919028T priority patent/PT3441986T/pt
Priority to RS20211525A priority patent/RS62697B1/sr
Priority to ES18191902T priority patent/ES2903093T3/es
Priority to TR2019/10192T priority patent/TR201910192T4/tr
Priority to ES17711216T priority patent/ES2737298T3/es
Priority to RS20190780A priority patent/RS58877B1/sr
Priority to BR112018069576A priority patent/BR112018069576A2/pt
Priority to CN202210097365.5A priority patent/CN114520071A/zh
Priority to EP17711216.6A priority patent/EP3394861B1/fr
Priority to PL17711216T priority patent/PL3394861T3/pl
Priority to KR1020227034350A priority patent/KR102587257B1/ko
Priority to MA044174A priority patent/MA44174A/fr
Priority to MX2018011979A priority patent/MX2018011979A/es
Priority to MA044633A priority patent/MA44633A/fr
Priority to PL18191902T priority patent/PL3441986T3/pl
Priority to EP18191902.8A priority patent/EP3441986B8/fr
Priority to CA3019024A priority patent/CA3019024C/fr
Priority to JP2018551942A priority patent/JP6877773B2/ja
Priority to PT17711216T priority patent/PT3394861T/pt
Priority to US16/089,270 priority patent/US20190131037A1/en
Priority to CN201780026649.2A priority patent/CN109074918A/zh
Priority to MDE20190207T priority patent/MD3441986T2/ro
Priority to PCT/EP2017/056489 priority patent/WO2017167595A1/fr
Priority to BR122020003443-2A priority patent/BR122020003443B1/pt
Priority to MYPI2018703545A priority patent/MY188833A/en
Priority to HUE18191902A priority patent/HUE056737T2/hu
Priority to KR1020187028338A priority patent/KR102455180B1/ko
Publication of EP3226258A1 publication Critical patent/EP3226258A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3226258B1 publication Critical patent/EP3226258B1/fr
Priority to JP2021040199A priority patent/JP7055496B2/ja
Priority to US17/932,974 priority patent/US20230040706A1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B13/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables
    • H01B13/06—Insulating conductors or cables
    • H01B13/14—Insulating conductors or cables by extrusion
    • H01B13/141—Insulating conductors or cables by extrusion of two or more insulating layers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/02—Disposition of insulation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B13/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables
    • H01B13/003—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables using irradiation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B13/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables
    • H01B13/06—Insulating conductors or cables
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B13/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables
    • H01B13/06—Insulating conductors or cables
    • H01B13/14—Insulating conductors or cables by extrusion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B13/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables
    • H01B13/06—Insulating conductors or cables
    • H01B13/14—Insulating conductors or cables by extrusion
    • H01B13/145—Pretreatment or after-treatment
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
    • H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
    • H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
    • H01B3/301—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing sulfur with or without nitrogen, oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in group H01B3/302
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
    • H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
    • H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
    • H01B3/307—Other macromolecular compounds
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
    • H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
    • H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
    • H01B3/42—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes polyesters; polyethers; polyacetals
    • H01B3/427—Polyethers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/02—Disposition of insulation
    • H01B7/0208—Cables with several layers of insulating material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/02—Disposition of insulation
    • H01B7/0208—Cables with several layers of insulating material
    • H01B7/0216—Two layers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/02—Disposition of insulation
    • H01B7/0208—Cables with several layers of insulating material
    • H01B7/0225—Three or more layers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/02—Disposition of insulation
    • H01B7/0275—Disposition of insulation comprising one or more extruded layers of insulation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/02—Disposition of insulation
    • H01B7/0291—Disposition of insulation comprising two or more layers of insulation having different electrical properties
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
    • H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
    • H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
    • H01B3/303—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups H01B3/38 or H01B3/302
    • H01B3/305—Polyamides or polyesteramides
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
    • H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
    • H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
    • H01B3/303—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups H01B3/38 or H01B3/302
    • H01B3/306—Polyimides or polyesterimides
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
    • H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
    • H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
    • H01B3/44—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins
    • H01B3/441—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins from alkenes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an insulated electrical conductor comprising an electrical conductor, preferably made of copper or aluminum, with an insulating coating, wherein the coating comprises at least one outer insulating layer made of thermoplastic material, and to a method for producing such an insulated electrical conductor.
  • Insulated electrical conductors are installed in almost any electrical device to conduct electrical current without causing short circuits that may be caused by the contact of non-electrically insulated conductors.
  • Such insulated electrical conductors comprise a copper electrical conductor and a coating electrically insulating the conductor, which usually comprises one or more layers.
  • the coating comprises an insulating layer of thermoplastic, which is typically the outermost layer of the coating.
  • the EP 0 188 369 A2 describes a metallic part, for example a cable, with a refractory coating, wherein the refractory coating has a metallic base layer and one or more metal intermediate layers of metal oxides, which are applied to the metallic part under an inert gas atmosphere using an electronic application method. An insulating layer of plastic is subsequently applied to the refractory coating.
  • the WO2016 / 039350A1 describes the production of an insulated electrical conductor wherein a lacquer layer is first applied to the electrical conductor and then a thermoplastic insulation layer (PEEK) is applied to the lacquer layer.
  • PEEK thermoplastic insulation layer
  • the electrical conductor of generic insulated electrical conductors consists of copper or an alloy with a high copper content or aluminum or other electrical conductive materials.
  • the cross-sectional geometry of the conductor which is normal to a conductor axis, can have any geometric shape: square, rectangular, circular or elliptical, it being customary to round off any edges, or profiled.
  • the insulation of the conductor is ensured by the proposed insulating layer of thermoplastic material, wherein the insulating layer advantageously forms the outermost layer of the coating.
  • one or more further layers are applied to the insulation layer.
  • the adhesion of the layer of the coating applied to the surface of the conductor removed from the oxide layer is significantly improved. It has been found that the oxide layer can be completely removed by a plasma treatment under an oxygen-free protective gas atmosphere, wherein other impurities can be removed by the plasma treatment. It is even possible that the top atomic layers of the conductor are removed by the plasma treatment.
  • a gas plasma is generated in the protective gas atmosphere and the conductor in the plasma is bombarded with ions of the protective gas in order to remove at least the oxide layer by the ion bombardment.
  • Suitable protective gas or process gas are, for example, nitrogen, argon or hydrogen.
  • the plasma treatment has further positive effects on the conductor: on the one hand, the conductor is heated by the impact energy of the ions on the surface and can be annealed during the plasma treatment in order to recrystallize the microstructure of the conductor Surface energy of the conductor can be increased, which additionally improves the adhesion of the coating to the surface of the conductor.
  • Another effect of the plasma treatment is to increase the microroughness of the surface of the conductor, which also has a positive effect on the adhesion of the coating.
  • At least part of the coating is applied to the surface of the conductor under a protective gas atmosphere, preferably under the same protective gas atmosphere under which the plasma treatment is carried out.
  • the insulated electrical conductor comprises an electrical conductor, preferably of copper or aluminum, with an insulating coating, the coating comprising at least one, preferably outer, insulating layer thermoplastic material, and the insulated electrical conductor is obtainable by a method in which the conductor is bombarded with ions of the protective gas under a protective gas atmosphere in a gas plasma to remove an oxide layer formed on a surface of the conductor and / or the surface energy of the conductor, and subsequently the coating is applied to the surface of the conductor, wherein at least a part of the coating is applied under protective gas atmosphere on the conductor.
  • the coating consists of the at least one insulating layer and is applied directly to the surface of the conductor.
  • An inventive insulated electrical conductor has by the direct application of a layer of If an all-round cut is made on the conductor perpendicular to a conductor axis and the conductor is stretched by 20%, the detachment of the coating from the conductor in the direction of the conductor axis is only a maximum of 3 mm, preferably a maximum of 2 mm, in particular a maximum of 1 mm.
  • the coating may consist, for example, only of the outer insulating layer or else have one or more intermediate layers, which are arranged between the surface of the conductor and the outer insulating layer. In both cases, it is also conceivable that the insulating layer does not form the outermost layer.
  • An embodiment of the invention provides that the conductor is arranged continuously until the application of the coating under a protective gas atmosphere in order to prevent the formation of a new oxide layer on the surface of the conductor. It is also possible to pass through several inert gas atmospheres in succession, as long as the plasma-treated conductor is arranged uninterruptedly under one of the inert gas atmospheres.
  • the gas plasma for bombarding the conductor is a low-pressure plasma, preferably having a pressure of less than 80 mbar, which can be produced in a manner known per se. For example, pressures below 50 mbar or even below 20 mbar are conceivable.
  • the coating in particular the insulating layer, a temperature resistance of at least 180 ° C, preferably of at least 200 ° C, in particular of at least 220 ° C, having.
  • the, preferably outer, insulating layer polyetheretherketone [PEEK] or polyphenylene sulfide [PPS] comprises and preferably has a thickness of between 10 and 1000 ⁇ m, preferably between 25 ⁇ m and 750 ⁇ m, more preferably between 30 ⁇ m and 500 ⁇ m, in particular between 50 ⁇ m and 250 ⁇ m. It goes without saying that other layer thicknesses are conceivable are, for example, 40 pm, 60 pm, 80 pm, 100 pm or 200 pm, to name a few possibilities. It is particularly preferred if the insulating layer consists of polyetheretherketone [PEEK] or polyphenylene sulphide [PPS].
  • The, preferably outer, insulating layer can be produced cost-effectively and quickly if it is applied by an extrusion process, ie is extruded. Therefore, in a further preferred embodiment variant of the invention, it is provided that the, preferably outer, insulating layer can be produced by means of an extrusion method.
  • the coating in order to improve the adhesion of the coating to the surface of the conductor, it is provided that the coating has a plasma polymer layer of crosslinked macromolecules of non-uniform chain length applied directly to the surface of the conductor. Layer by polymerization of a gaseous monomer in a gas plasma, preferably in the gas plasma for bombarding the conductor, can be produced.
  • the plasma polymer layer serves as an intermediate layer and, on the one hand, adheres excellently to the surface of the conductor and, on the other hand, allows increased adhesion of the coating layer applied to the plasma polymer layer.
  • a further embodiment variant of the first alternative embodiment provides that the plasma polymer layer has a thickness of 1 ⁇ m or less. It is conceivable thicknesses up to one hundredth of a micrometer as the lower limit. Due to the small layer thickness, the plasma polymer layer affects only insignificantly on the entire thickness of the insulated electrical conductor.
  • the monomer for producing the plasma polymer layer is ethylene, buthenol, acetone or tetrafluoromethane [CF 4 ]. Drawing the plasma polymer layers formed by these monomers in plasma characterized by particularly good adhesion properties.
  • the plasma polymer layer should have similar properties as polytetrafluoroethylene [PTFE] or perfluoroethylene propylene [FEP], CF 4 is suitable as a monomer.
  • the coating has at least one fluoropolymer layer comprising, directly on the surface of the conductor, preferably polytetrafluoroethylene [PTFE] or perfluoroethylene propylene [FEP].
  • the fluoropolymer layer is also distinguished by excellent adhesion properties, both on the conductor and on the layer applied to the fluoropolymer layer, and serves as an intermediate layer of the coating. It is also conceivable that a plurality of fluoropolymer layers are applied one above the other to the conductor.
  • the thickness of the at least one fluoropolymer layer is between 1 ⁇ m and 120 ⁇ m, preferably between 5 ⁇ m and 100 ⁇ m, particularly preferably between 10 ⁇ m and 80 ⁇ m, in particular between 20 ⁇ m and 50 ⁇ m ,
  • the coating has a metal layer applied directly to the surface of the conductor, preferably of a zinc or tin alloy.
  • the conductor is passed through a bath of molten metal to make the metal layer.
  • the metal layer also has very good adhesion properties and acts as a supporting intermediate layer.
  • the coating preferably outer, insulating layer directly onto the plasma polymer layer or the at least one fluoropolymer layer or the metal layer is applied.
  • the coating consists of at least two layers: the first lower, deposited on the conductor layer according to the first, second or third alternative embodiment and the second upper layer in the form of the outer insulating layer of thermoplastic material such as PEEK or PPS.
  • the outermost layer of the coating can be formed either by the outer insulating layer itself or by one or more further layers.
  • an insulated electrical conductor comprising an electrical conductor, preferably made of copper or aluminum, with an insulating coating, the coating comprising at least one, preferably outer, insulating layer of thermoplastic material, preferably of PEEK or PPS, includes. It is provided that an oxide layer formed on a surface of the conductor is removed, so that at least one layer of the coating, preferably the outer insulation layer, is applied directly on the oxide layer-free surface of the conductor.
  • the above-described effects of the increased adhesion of the coating on the conductor also occur in such a way defined insulated electrical conductor.
  • the removal of the oxide layer can be done either by means of a plasma treatment or with be removed by chemical means, such as acids. However, the synergistic effects described above only occur in a plasma treatment.
  • the Kuper electrical conductor is subjected to the process in the form of a ribbon or wire.
  • the electrical conductor is treated either "in-line", ie directly after the production of the electrical conductor (such as by cold forming or extrusion), according to the inventive method or the conductor is provided in a wound-up form via a coil sequence available.
  • the conductor is subjected to a mechanical and / or chemical pre-cleaning before the plasma treatment.
  • the plasma treatment is carried out analogously to the previous embodiments, wherein the conductor is continuously conveyed through the plasma treatment unit performing the plasma treatment.
  • the thickness of the layer applied by the plasma treatment from the conductor can be precisely adjusted.
  • the temperature for annealing and the associated recrystallization of the microstructure of the conductor can also be defined.
  • the coating is applied to the treated surface of the conductor.
  • the coating adheres particularly well on the surface of the conductor due to the removal of the oxide layer or by the activation of the surface by increasing the surface energy of the conductor.
  • the coating is applied under a protective gas atmosphere.
  • the electrical conductor is arranged continuously until the application of the coating under a protective gas atmosphere.
  • a variant of the method provides that the, preferably outer, insulating layer is extruded, wherein the electrical conductor is preferably preheated prior to extrusion, more preferably to at least 200 ° C.
  • Extrusion is a cost effective method for applying the insulation layer and is particularly suitable for PEEK and PPS.
  • the insulating layer can thus be applied in a simple manner as outermost layer of the coating.
  • preheating the conductor which is particularly advantageous when the, preferably outer, insulation layer is applied directly to the surface of the conductor, a jerky cooling of the extruded plastic is reduced upon contact with the conductor and thus minimizes negative influences on the adhesion.
  • the conductor is preheated to at least 200 ° C, in particular to above 300 ° C or above 400 ° C, especially when PEEK is extruded onto the conductor.
  • the insulated electrical conductor is cooled after the extrusion of the, preferably outer, insulating layer in dependence on the strength of the, preferably outer, insulating layer to be achieved.
  • the adjustment of the mechanical properties of the insulating layer, in particular the mechanical strength takes place inter alia by the defined cooling of the insulated conductor and the consequent adjustment of the degree of crystallization and is particularly important when the insulating layer is the outermost layer of the coating. If, for example, the conductor is cooled slowly, for example by cooling in the air, a high crystallinity of the insulation layer results. It is also conceivable quenching in a water bath, so an abrupt cooling, or a combination of abrupt and slow cooling.
  • an inventive insulated electrical conductor is used as a winding wire for electrical machines, preferably electric motors or transformers.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of a method for producing an insulated electrical conductor, as shown in the FIGS. 2a to 2d or 3a to 3d is shown.
  • the insulated electrical conductor comprises an electrical conductor 1 made of copper, wherein other materials such as aluminum are conceivable, and an insulating coating 2, which at least one insulating layer 3 of having thermoplastic, preferably high temperature resistant, plastic.
  • the insulating layer 3 is formed as an outer insulating layer 3 and thus forms the outermost layer of the coating 2. It is understood, however, that in alternative embodiments on the insulating layer 3, one or more further layers, preferably insulating layers applied can, which then form the outermost layer of the coating 2.
  • the electrical conductor 1 is continuously supplied in the illustrated embodiment as a belt or wire via a coil outlet 7 to the process and can be prepared for example by means of cold forming process, such as drawing or rolling, or extrusion, for example by means of Conform® technology. It goes without saying that the method according to the invention can also be carried out "in-line", that is, directly connected to the production process.
  • the electrical conductor 1 is pre-cleaned in a pre-cleaning unit 8 mechanically, for instance by means of a grinding process, or chemically, for example by means of suitable solvents or acids, in order to remove coarse contaminants from the conductor 1.
  • the pre-cleaned conductor 1 passes into a plasma treatment unit 9 in which a protective gas atmosphere of nitrogen, argon or hydrogen prevails and a gas plasma in the form of a low-pressure plasma with less than 20 mbar pressure is produced.
  • a low-pressure plasma can be produced even at a pressure of less than 80 mbar.
  • the surface of the conductor 1 is bombarded with ions of the protective gas in order to ablate or remove an oxide layer formed on a surface of the conductor 1.
  • the conductor 1 is soft annealed by the plasma treatment and thus the surface energy of the conductor 1 increases the surface activated.
  • the coating 2 consists only of the outer insulation layer 3.
  • the outer insulation layer 3 has a temperature resistance of over 180 ° C, preferably of over 220 ° C, so that the insulated electrical conductor can be used even at high operating temperatures .
  • the outer insulation layer 3 consists of polyetheretherketone [PEEK], which has both high temperature resistance and high resistance to a large number of organic and inorganic substances.
  • the outer insulation layer 3 may also consist of polyphenylene sulfide [PPS] or comprise PEEK and / or PPS.
  • the conductor 1 passes after passing through the plasma treatment unit 9 in the extrusion unit 12 in which the outer insulating layer 3 is extruded onto the conductor 1.
  • the conductor 1 is preheated to a temperature of at least 200 ° C, preferably at least 300 ° C.
  • both the extrusion and the transport of the conductor 1 into the extrusion unit 12 takes place under a protective gas atmosphere.
  • An insulated electrical conductor produced in this way can be used, for example, as a winding wire, which is also known in English as "magnet wire", in an electric machine, such as an electric motor or a transformer.
  • the thickness of the outer insulating layer 3 is about 30 microns in the present embodiment.
  • the coating 2 comprises in the in Figures 2b and 3b 2, which is not part of the invention, in addition to the outer insulation layer 3 of PEEK or PPS, an intermediate layer in the form of a plasma polymer layer 4.
  • This plasma polymer layer 4 can be prepared in a plasma polymerization unit 10, which after the plasma treatment Unit 9 and in front of the extrusion unit 12 is arranged. It is also conceivable that the plasma treatment and the plasma polymerization are carried out in a combined device.
  • the plasma polymer layer 4 is formed on the surface of the conductor 1 by reacting a gaseous monomer such as ethylene, butenol, acetone or tetrafluoromethane [CF 4 ] is activated by means of the plasma and thereby highly crosslinked macromolecules of different chain length and a proportion of free radicals form, which deposit as a plasma polymer layer 4 on the surface of the conductor 1.
  • a gaseous monomer such as ethylene, butenol, acetone or tetrafluoromethane [CF 4 ]
  • the resulting plasma polymer layer 4 is in the present embodiment, which is not part of The invention is less than 1 micron thick and adheres particularly well to the activated and oxide-free surface of the conductor. 1
  • the outer insulation layer 3 is in turn extruded onto the plasma polymer layer 4 in the extrusion unit 12 as described above, whereby the adhesion between the plasma polymer layer 4 and the outer insulation layer 3 is also high.
  • the coating 2 comprises an intermediate layer formed as a fluoropolymer layer 5 of polytetrafluoroethylene [PTFE] or perfluoroethylene propylene [FEP], which is applied directly to the surface of the conductor 1 and the adhesion between the conductor 1 and the outer insulation layer 3 further improved.
  • the fluoropolymer layer 5 can be produced together with the outer insulating layer 3 in the extrusion unit 12 by means of a co-or tandem extrusion process.
  • the thickness of the fluoropolymer layer 5 is in the present embodiment about 30 microns.
  • the fourth embodiment which is also not part of the invention, and in the Figures 2d and 3d can be seen, thereby differs from the previously described, not encompassed by the invention second and third embodiment, that instead of the intermediate layer of plastic designed as a metal layer 6 intermediate layer is applied directly to the conductor 1.
  • This metal layer 6 can be produced in a tinning unit 11 in a manner known per se before the outer insulation layer 3 made of PEEK in the extrusion unit 12 is extruded onto the metal layer 6. This also further enhances the effect of the increased adhesion of the coating 2 or of the outer insulation layer 3 on the conductor 1 made of copper.
  • the insulated electrical conductor After extruding the outer insulation layer 3, the insulated electrical conductor is cooled in a controlled manner, for example by air cooling, and passed over a series of pressure rollers which further improve adhesion by applying pressure to the insulated electrical conductor. Finally, the insulated electrical conductor is wound on a Spulenaufwickler 13.
  • Fig. 1 it is an overview, in which all the facilities are shown, which are necessary for the production of the individual variants. While the order, from right to left, of the devices passed through are independent of the embodiment and, in any case, the plasma treatment unit 9 and the extrusion unit 12 have to be traversed, the plasma polymerization unit 9 and the tinning unit 11 are optional devices , which are used only in the production of variants that are not part of the invention. It goes without saying that instead of a co-or tandem extrusion process, several individual extrusions can be carried out sequentially.

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  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Insulated Conductors (AREA)
  • Insulating Of Coils (AREA)
  • Processes Specially Adapted For Manufacturing Cables (AREA)
  • Organic Insulating Materials (AREA)
  • Insulation, Fastening Of Motor, Generator Windings (AREA)
  • Paints Or Removers (AREA)
  • Physical Vapour Deposition (AREA)

Claims (17)

  1. Conducteur électrique isolé comprenant
    un conducteur électrique (1), de préférence en cuivre ou en aluminium, avec un revêtement isolant (2),
    lequel revêtement (2) se compose d'au moins une couche d'isolation (3) en matière thermoplastique,
    pouvant être obtenue par un procédé dans lequel le conducteur (1) est bombardé, sous atmosphère de gaz protecteur, avec des ions du gaz protecteur dans un plasma de gaz, afin d'éliminer une couche oxydée de la surface du conducteur (1) et/ou d'accroître l'énergie superficielle du conducteur (1),
    après quoi l'au moins une couche d'isolation (3) est appliquée directement sur la surface du conducteur (1),
    l'au moins une couche d'isolation (3) étant appliquée sur le conducteur (1) sous atmosphère de gaz protecteur.
  2. Conducteur électrique isolé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le conducteur (1) est constamment placé sous atmosphère de gaz protecteur jusqu'à l'application du revêtement (2), afin d'empêcher la formation d'une nouvelle couche oxydée sur la surface du conducteur (1).
  3. Conducteur électrique isolé selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que le plasma de gaz pour le bombardement du conducteur est un plasma sous basse pression, de préférence sous une pression inférieure à 80 mbar.
  4. Conducteur électrique isolé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que le revêtement (2) présente une résistance à la chaleur d'au moins 180 °C, de préférence d'au moins 200 °C, en particulier d'au moins 220 °C.
  5. Conducteur électrique isolé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que l'au moins une couche d'isolation (3) contient de la polyéther-éther-cétone [PEEK].
  6. Conducteur électrique isolé selon l'une des revendications 1 à bis 4, caractérisé en ce que l'au moins une couche d'isolation (3) contient du sulfure de polyphénylène [PPS].
  7. Conducteur électrique isolé selon l'une des revendications 5 ou 6, caractérisé en ce que l'au moins une couche d'isolation (3) présente une épaisseur comprise entre 10 et jusqu'à 1000 µm, de préférence entre 25 µm et 750 µm, en particulier entre 30 µm et 500 µm et tout particulièrement entre 50 µm et 250 µm.
  8. Conducteur électrique isolé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que l'au moins une couche d'isolation (3) peut être fabriquée au moyen d'un procédé d'extrusion.
  9. Conducteur électrique isolé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins une autre couche, de préférence une autre couche d'isolation, est appliquée sur la couche d'isolation (3) extérieure.
  10. Procédé pour la fabrication d'un conducteur électrique isolé, comprenant les étapes de procédé suivantes :
    - bombardement d'un conducteur électrique (1), de préférence en cuivre ou en aluminium, placé sous une atmosphère de gaz protecteur, avec des ions du gaz protecteur dans un plasma de gaz, de préférence un plasma sous basse pression, afin d'éliminer une couche oxydée de la surface du conducteur (1) et/ou d'accroître l'énergie superficielle du conducteur (1),
    - application d'un revêtement isolant (2) sur la surface du conducteur électrique (1) sous atmosphère de gaz protecteur, le revêtement (2) se composant d'au moins une couche d'isolation (3) en matière thermoplastique et l'au moins une couche d'isolation (3) étant appliquée directement sur la surface du conducteur électrique (1).
  11. Procédé selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce que l'au moins une couche d'isolation (3) contient de la polyéther-éther-cétone [PEEK].
  12. Procédé selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce que l'au moins une couche d'isolation (3) contient du sulfure de polyphénylène [PPS].
  13. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 10 à 12, caractérisé en ce que l'au moins une couche d'isolation (3) est appliquée par extrusion.
  14. Procédé selon la revendication 13, caractérisé en ce que le conducteur électrique (1) est préchauffé avant l'extrusion à au moins 200 °C, de préférence à au moins 400 °C.
  15. Procédé selon la revendication 13 ou 14, caractérisé en ce que le conducteur électrique isolé est refroidi après l'application par extrusion de la couche d'isolation (3) en fonction de la solidité souhaitée de la couche d'isolation (3).
  16. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 13 à 15, caractérisé en ce que le conducteur électrique isolé (1) est guidé sur des rouleaux, de préférence des rouleaux presseurs, après l'application par extrusion de la couche d'isolation (3).
  17. Utilisation d'un conducteur électrique isolé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 9 comme fil d'enroulement pour des machines électriques, de préférence des moteurs électriques ou des transformateurs.
EP16163536.2A 2016-04-01 2016-04-01 Conducteur electrique isole Active EP3226258B1 (fr)

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RS20181483A RS58038B1 (sr) 2016-04-01 2016-04-01 Izolovani električni provodnik
PL16163536T PL3226258T3 (pl) 2016-04-01 2016-04-01 Izolowany przewód elektryczny
ES16163536T ES2704893T3 (es) 2016-04-01 2016-04-01 Conductor eléctrico aislado
EP16163536.2A EP3226258B1 (fr) 2016-04-01 2016-04-01 Conducteur electrique isole
PT16163536T PT3226258T (pt) 2016-04-01 2016-04-01 Condutor elétrico isolado
JP2018551942A JP6877773B2 (ja) 2016-04-01 2017-03-20 絶縁導電体
ES18191902T ES2903093T3 (es) 2016-04-01 2017-03-20 Conductor eléctrico aislado
TR2019/10192T TR201910192T4 (tr) 2016-04-01 2017-03-20 İzole elektrik iletkeni.
ES17711216T ES2737298T3 (es) 2016-04-01 2017-03-20 Conductor eléctrico aislado
RS20190780A RS58877B1 (sr) 2016-04-01 2017-03-20 Izolovani električni provodnik
BR112018069576A BR112018069576A2 (pt) 2016-04-01 2017-03-20 condutor elétrico isolado
CN202210097365.5A CN114520071A (zh) 2016-04-01 2017-03-20 绝缘电导体
EP17711216.6A EP3394861B1 (fr) 2016-04-01 2017-03-20 Conducteur electrique isole
PL17711216T PL3394861T3 (pl) 2016-04-01 2017-03-20 Izolowany przewód elektryczny
KR1020227034350A KR102587257B1 (ko) 2016-04-01 2017-03-20 절연 전도체
MA044174A MA44174A (fr) 2016-04-01 2017-03-20 Conducteur électrique isolé
MX2018011979A MX2018011979A (es) 2016-04-01 2017-03-20 Conductor electrico aislado.
MA044633A MA44633A (fr) 2016-04-01 2017-03-20 Conducteur électrique isolé
PT181919028T PT3441986T (pt) 2016-04-01 2017-03-20 Condutor elétrico isolado
EP18191902.8A EP3441986B8 (fr) 2016-04-01 2017-03-20 Conducteur électrique isolé
CA3019024A CA3019024C (fr) 2016-04-01 2017-03-20 Conducteur electrique isole
RS20211525A RS62697B1 (sr) 2016-04-01 2017-03-20 Izolovani električni provodnik
PT17711216T PT3394861T (pt) 2016-04-01 2017-03-20 Condutor elétrico isolado
US16/089,270 US20190131037A1 (en) 2016-04-01 2017-03-20 Insulated electric conductor
CN201780026649.2A CN109074918A (zh) 2016-04-01 2017-03-20 绝缘电导体
MDE20190207T MD3441986T2 (ro) 2016-04-01 2017-03-20 Conductor electric izolat
PCT/EP2017/056489 WO2017167595A1 (fr) 2016-04-01 2017-03-20 Conducteur électrique isolé
BR122020003443-2A BR122020003443B1 (pt) 2016-04-01 2017-03-20 Condutor elétrico isolado
MYPI2018703545A MY188833A (en) 2016-04-01 2017-03-20 Insulated electric conductor
HUE18191902A HUE056737T2 (hu) 2016-04-01 2017-03-20 Szigetelt villamos vezetõ
KR1020187028338A KR102455180B1 (ko) 2016-04-01 2017-03-20 절연 전도체
PL18191902T PL3441986T3 (pl) 2016-04-01 2017-03-20 Izolowany przewód elektryczny
JP2021040199A JP7055496B2 (ja) 2016-04-01 2021-03-12 絶縁導電体
US17/932,974 US20230040706A1 (en) 2016-04-01 2022-09-16 Insulated Electric Conductor

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US20230040706A1 (en) 2023-02-09
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