EP3273836B1 - Reinigungsvorrichtung und verfahren zum reinigen von reinigungsgut - Google Patents

Reinigungsvorrichtung und verfahren zum reinigen von reinigungsgut Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3273836B1
EP3273836B1 EP16711008.9A EP16711008A EP3273836B1 EP 3273836 B1 EP3273836 B1 EP 3273836B1 EP 16711008 A EP16711008 A EP 16711008A EP 3273836 B1 EP3273836 B1 EP 3273836B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cleaning
hood
covering device
cleaning device
torque
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP16711008.9A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3273836A1 (de
Inventor
Bruno Gaus
Denis Lehmann
Thomas NÄGER
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Meiko Maschinenbau GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Meiko Maschinenbau GmbH and Co KG
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Publication of EP3273836A1 publication Critical patent/EP3273836A1/de
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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L—DOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L15/00—Washing or rinsing machines for crockery or tableware
    • A47L15/42—Details
    • A47L15/4251—Details of the casing
    • A47L15/4257—Details of the loading door
    • A47L15/4261—Connections of the door to the casing, e.g. door hinges
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L—DOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L15/00—Washing or rinsing machines for crockery or tableware
    • A47L15/0076—Washing or rinsing machines for crockery or tableware of non-domestic use type, e.g. commercial dishwashers for bars, hotels, restaurants, canteens or hospitals
    • A47L15/0081—Washing or rinsing machines for crockery or tableware of non-domestic use type, e.g. commercial dishwashers for bars, hotels, restaurants, canteens or hospitals with vertical sliding closing doors, e.g. hood-type dishwashers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L—DOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L15/00—Washing or rinsing machines for crockery or tableware
    • A47L15/42—Details
    • A47L15/4251—Details of the casing
    • A47L15/4257—Details of the loading door
    • A47L15/4259—Arrangements of locking or security/safety devices for doors, e.g. door latches, switch to stop operation when door is open

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a cleaning device and a method for cleaning items to be cleaned.
  • cleaning devices and methods are used in the field of dishwashing technology, in particular in the commercial sector of large kitchens and communal catering facilities.
  • the invention can be used to clean items to be cleaned in the form of objects for preparing, serving, storing or consuming food or drinks, such as dishes, cutlery, glasses, cups, pots, bowls or trays.
  • the invention is used in hood dishwashers or pass-through dishwashers. There, the invention offers in particular a possibility for balancing the weight of the hood.
  • dishwashers Numerous cleaning devices and methods for cleaning different types of items are known from the prior art.
  • the invention is described below with regard to dishwashing technology, i.e. with regard to cleaning devices in the form of dishwashers.
  • These can be commercial dishwashers, namely pass-through dishwashers or hood dishwashers.
  • dishwashers are in particular the glass and dishwashing machines of the DV series or the EcoStar series from Meiko Maschinenbau GmbH & Co. KG, Offenburg, Germany, or the PT series from Winterhalter Kunststoff GmbH, Meckenbeuren, Germany.
  • the present invention can also be used in other products in principle.
  • hood dishwashers In known hood dishwashers, the hood is usually guided by means of a suitable guide, whereby the operating personnel can move the hood from a closed to an open position or vice versa using appropriate handles and/or levers.
  • a technical challenge here is usually to create a weight balance for the hood so that the operating personnel at least do not have to bear the entire weight of the hood and that the hood remains in the open position if this is desired.
  • US$3,582,173 describes a dishwasher with a washing chamber and a vertically movable door. Furthermore, a counterweight for the door is described, which holds the door in any position into which it is moved manually.
  • a lever mechanism for spring-assisted actuation of a cover means of a dishwasher is known. At least one lever mounted on a shaft is used, which is connected to a tension spring. A mechanical control means is arranged between the lever and the spring, which causes an approximately constant lever arm between a pivot point and the shaft over a rotation angle of the shaft of up to about 100°.
  • a handle for a lifting covering means is known.
  • the handle can be fastened in a corner region of two adjacent side surfaces of the covering means in a horizontal position.
  • the handle has at least two gripping areas which are shaped in such a way that the hand operating the handle is ergonomically aligned with the forearm.
  • the handle also has a longer first leg directed towards the front and a shorter leg directed towards the side surface, which are connected via a substantially circular segment.
  • a dishwasher with a hood which is movably mounted in a vertically sliding manner.
  • the dishwasher also has a handle which surrounds the hood at least on the front and at least one lateral side and which is mounted so as to be rotatable about a horizontal axis of rotation behind the hood.
  • Spring means are connected between the handle and the housing in order to balance the weight of the hood.
  • WO 2013/109845 A1 describes a dishwasher with a vertically sliding hood and a guide system for the hood.
  • the guide system has a profile rail with a double T-profile.
  • EP 1 842 477 B1 describes a dishwasher configured to open and close a washing chamber provided on the side of a dishwasher body. For this purpose, a door is moved up and down while a rotary arm disposed on a side surface of the door is rotated.
  • the dishwasher further comprises springs whose upper end is fixed to a base side of the rotary arm and whose lower end is fixed to the side of the dishwasher body.
  • the dishwasher further comprises a pair of left and right columns provided at both corner parts on the back of the dishwasher body. The left and right columns are formed as tubes, and the springs are each housed vertically in the columns.
  • EP 1 880 654 B1 describes a dishwasher with a washing chamber that can be opened and closed.
  • a pivoting arm arranged on a side surface of a door is pivoted.
  • a rod is provided that runs in a vertical direction and is connected at its upper end to a proximal end of the pivoting arm.
  • the dishwasher comprises a compression spring that runs in a vertical direction and is arranged essentially parallel to the rod.
  • a dishwasher with a washing chamber and a hood is known.
  • a door is provided which can be moved vertically from an upper position to a lower position.
  • spring-loaded levers are provided which are connected to the door and which balance the door at any height between an open and a closed position.
  • a commercial hood dishwasher with a hood mounted on at least two vertical guides.
  • the hood slides along the guides with the aid of compensating springs which are suitable for limiting a force for opening or closing the hood.
  • the at least two guides are telescopic guides and comprise sliding parts on which the hood is attached and whose movement is driven by cables. The movement of the sliding parts is driven by cables on which the compensating springs act via movable rollers arranged on plates which are pivotally mounted on the dishwasher structure.
  • a drive device for automatically moving a hood that is rotatably mounted on a body of a dishwasher and can be moved vertically is known.
  • a traction device is driven by a tensioning and/or releasing device.
  • a device for opening a lid of a dishwasher is known.
  • the lid can be moved from a closed position into a open position and vice versa vertically movable.
  • the gripping device can be operated manually and is connected to a movable element of a fluid dynamic actuating unit.
  • the device also has an elastic return device which is connected to the movable element in order to automatically bring the actuating unit into an inactive position when the lid is in the open position.
  • FR 2 352 527 A1 is a mechanism for opening the hood of a commercial dishwasher.
  • the hood is mounted on a vertical rear frame, the sides of which can slide in vertical grooves of the machine frame.
  • the raising and lowering of the hood is controlled by a lever gear that engages the lower part of the frame and is mounted inside the machine base with spring compensation.
  • the operation of the gear is carried out by manual operation of two handles located on the underside of the front of the hood.
  • the cleaning devices known from the state of the art have a number of disadvantages or technical challenges in practice.
  • One challenge for example, is that the hood usually has to be moved over a large travel distance. For example, it may happen that a certain application requires a greater clearance height for bringing in items to be washed. In this case, curve control via a hood bar to compensate for different forces becomes increasingly difficult. With large strokes, the point of attack for the operating personnel on the hood bar is usually shifted to an ergonomically unfavorable height.
  • Another technical challenge is the weight compensation using a counterweight, as is known from the above-mentioned state of the art.
  • a counterweight can increase the total weight of a dishwasher considerably.
  • the counterweight can also be pulled up to the top of the dishwasher.
  • this top-heavy nature of the dishwasher is often extremely disruptive during transport.
  • the counterweight must also be maneuvered to the appropriate height by the assembly staff, which in many cases requires the use of several assembly workers.
  • Another challenge is that when the hood moves, the mass of the counterweight is added to the mass of the hood. must be accelerated. With a manually operated hood, this requires a greater effort from the operating personnel. With an automatically driven hood, however, a stronger drive must be designed.
  • smooth, long-term operation of a cover device of the cleaning device should be made possible, which works reliably over its entire opening path and which at the same time meets the high safety requirements.
  • the terms “have”, “have”, “comprise” or “include” or any grammatical variations thereof are used in a non-exclusive manner. Accordingly, these terms can refer both to situations in which, in addition to the features introduced by these terms, no further features are present, or to situations in which one or more further features are present.
  • the expression “A has B”, “A has B”, “A comprises B” or “A includes B” can refer both to the situation in which, apart from B, no further element is present in A (i.e. to a situation in which A consists exclusively of B), and to the situation in which, in addition to B, one or more further elements are present in A, for example element C, elements C and D or even further elements.
  • the terms “at least one” and “one or more” and grammatical variations of these terms when used in connection with one or more elements or features and intended to express that the element or feature may be provided once or multiple times, are generally used only once, for example when the feature or element is first introduced. When the feature or element is subsequently mentioned again, the corresponding term “at least one” or “one or more” is generally no longer used, without limiting the possibility that the feature or element may be provided once or multiple times.
  • a cleaning device for cleaning items to be cleaned is proposed.
  • a cleaning device is generally understood to mean a device in which the items to be cleaned are cleaned using at least one cleaning fluid in order to at least partially remove adhering dirt and/or other contaminants.
  • the cleaning fluid can in particular comprise at least one cleaning liquid.
  • the cleaning device can also have a germicidal effect or even a disinfecting effect on the items to be cleaned.
  • a method for cleaning items to be cleaned as proposed in a second aspect of the present invention, hereinafter also referred to as a cleaning method, is understood to mean applying at least one cleaning fluid to the items to be cleaned for the purpose of at least partially removing adhering dirt from the items to be cleaned.
  • Items to be cleaned include items to be washed and/or dishes.
  • washware should include any items that are used for preparing, storing, serving or transporting food and/or drinks.
  • this can be washware selected from the group consisting of crockery such as cups, plates, glasses, bowls or dishes; pots; trays; cutlery; warming devices; containers; boxes; baskets.
  • Other devices that are used directly or indirectly for preparing, transporting or serving food and/or drinks or Precursors of food and/or drinks can be used.
  • the cleaning device is designed as a dishwasher, namely as a hood dishwasher and/or a pass-through dishwasher.
  • the cleaning device further comprises at least one cleaning chamber and at least one covering device that at least partially encloses the cleaning chamber.
  • a cleaning chamber can generally be understood to mean a completely or at least partially shielded space in which the items to be cleaned can be exposed to at least one cleaning fluid and/or several cleaning fluids.
  • at least one exposure device for applying the at least one cleaning fluid to the items to be cleaned can be provided within the cleaning chamber.
  • the items to be cleaned can also be completely or partially dried within the cleaning chamber.
  • the cleaning device can in particular be designed as a single-chamber cleaning device.
  • the items to be cleaned can also be referred to below as items to be washed, and the cleaning chamber can also be referred to as a rinsing chamber.
  • the cleaning device has at least one cover device that at least partially encloses the cleaning chamber.
  • a cover device is generally understood to mean a device or an element that at least partially delimits the cleaning chamber and at the same time allows access to the cleaning chamber, for example for loading the cleaning chamber with items to be cleaned or for removing the items to be cleaned from the cleaning chamber.
  • the cover device can therefore in particular form a chamber wall of the cleaning chamber or part of a chamber wall of the cleaning chamber.
  • the cover device can, as explained in more detail below, be designed entirely or partially as a hood and/or casing that is mounted so that it can be displaced in a vertical direction.
  • the cover device can comprise a hood that can be moved upwards to open the cleaning chamber and which can be moved downwards, for example to close off the cleaning chamber together with a base of the cleaning device.
  • the cover device can be moved from a closed position to an open position or vice versa via an opening path.
  • the cover device is generally mounted so that it can be brought into at least two different positions, namely an open position and a closed position.
  • the majority of possible positions between the open position and the closed position, optionally including the open position and the closed position, is referred to as the opening path.
  • the cover device can be mounted in such a way that it can be opened manually, for example by means of a user.
  • automatic movement can also be provided, for example by a motor described in more detail below.
  • the covering device is connected to at least one spring element via at least one force transmission path.
  • a force transmission path is generally understood to mean an element or a plurality of interacting elements by means of which at least one force can be transmitted from a first area, for example a force generator, to at least a second area, for example a force transducer.
  • the forces can be transmitted in any form, although mechanical forces, in particular transmission via tensile forces, thrust forces, torques and other types of mechanical force transmission, are generally preferred.
  • a spring element is generally understood to mean an element which is designed to absorb and/or release elastic energy.
  • the spring element can have at least one elastically deformable element.
  • the spring element can in particular comprise at least one helical spring or spiral spring.
  • Other spring elements are also possible in principle.
  • the spring element can in particular have at least one energy storage device in which mechanical energy can be stored in the form of an elastic deformation.
  • the at least one spring element can, for example, be connected directly or indirectly at one end to the cleaning device, for example a base of the cleaning device, in particular a frame of the cleaning device, wherein the base remains stationary, for example when the covering device is moved.
  • the spring element can be connected to the covering device with at least one other end via the force transmission path.
  • the spring element can be designed in such a way that it is relaxed when the covering device moves from the closed position to the open position and is tensioned, for example stretched, during a reverse movement.
  • a reverse action of the spring element is also possible in principle.
  • At least one spring force of the spring element is transmitted to the cover device by means of the force transmission path.
  • this spring force can be designed in such a way that it counteracts a weight force of the cover device, in particular in cover devices in which the open position is arranged above the closed position and in which the cover device thus has a higher potential energy or potential energy in the open position than in the closed position.
  • This can be the case, for example, in hood-type dishwashers or pass-through dishwashers in which a hood or hood casing is pushed upwards to open the cleaning chamber.
  • the spring force can, for example, counteract the force of gravity.
  • the power transmission path has at least one torque converter.
  • a torque converter is generally understood to be an element by means of which a torque can be transmitted, by means of which a torque can be converted into a force, by means of which a force can be converted into a torque, by means of which a torque can be converted into a force and then back into a torque, or by means of which a force can be converted into a torque and then back into a force.
  • the torque converter can therefore generally be a mechanical converter in which one or more torques are converted into one or more further torques and/or into one or more forces.
  • the torque converter has at least one transmission, for example at least one transmission selected from the group consisting of a chain transmission, a gear transmission or a friction transmission.
  • the torque converter is designed in such a way that it has a gear ratio that can be changed over the opening path.
  • a gear ratio is generally understood to mean a ratio between an input and an output speed.
  • a first torque can be applied to the torque converter and converted into a second torque, whereby the ratio between the first torque and the second torque or its reciprocal can be referred to as a gear ratio or gear ratio.
  • a gear ratio that can be changed over the opening path is generally understood to mean that the torque converter has a first gear ratio at at least one first point or in at least one first region of the opening path of the cover device and a second gear ratio at at least one second point or in at least one second region of the opening path, whereby the first gear ratio and the second gear ratio differ from one another.
  • the gear ratio can change continuously over at least one region of the opening path.
  • one or more regions can also be provided in which a step-by-step change in the gear ratio occurs. Examples are explained in more detail below.
  • variable transmission ratio over the opening path allows many of the problems described above to be solved.
  • the problem that the spring force of at least one spring element can depend on the state of expansion of the spring element can be addressed.
  • the transmission ratio can be used to even out the spring force transmitted from the spring element to the cover device at the location of the cover device, so that, for example, over the opening path, for example excluding the closed position, at least an approximate force is transmitted to the cover device, which can be equal to the weight of the cover device at every point of the opening path, for example excluding the closed position. In this way, it can be ensured, for example, at every point of the opening path that the cover device is in a force equilibrium.
  • the cleaning device is, as stated above, a dishwasher.
  • the dishwasher is selected from a hood dishwasher and a pass-through dishwasher.
  • a hood dishwasher is generally understood to mean a dishwasher which has a base which provides an underside of the washing chamber and at least one hood or hood casing as a covering device which completely or partially forms at least one side wall of the cleaning chamber and optionally at least one lid of the cleaning chamber and which can be moved upwards or downwards to release the cleaning chamber.
  • a pass-through dishwasher is generally understood to mean a dishwasher which has at least one pass-through device by means of which items to be cleaned, for example a basket with items to be cleaned, can be pushed into the washing chamber from an insertion side, for example with the hood open, and on which the items to be cleaned can be pushed out of the cleaning chamber again on a second side, for example a removal side, after the cleaning process has been completed.
  • the term pass-through dishwasher is often used as a generic term and includes, for example, hood dishwashers with a pass-through device and dishwashers where only the side walls can be moved to open the washing chamber.
  • Pass-through dishwashers generally do not have an active pass-through device but rather a manual dish feed.
  • the pass-through device includes, for example, slide rails and/or guides. For examples of such hood dishwashers, reference can be made to the above-mentioned state of the art.
  • the covering device can be designed in different ways.
  • the covering device is selected from the group consisting of: a hood that at least partially covers and/or encloses the cleaning chamber; a casing that at least partially encloses the cleaning chamber; a sliding door.
  • the covering device is designed entirely or partially as a hood and/or a casing.
  • the hood and/or the casing can be moved upwards or downwards.
  • the opening path can at least partially have a vertical directional component.
  • the at least one covering device can preferably move upwards in a vertical direction, in particular when opening the covering device, and/or downwards, in particular when closing the covering device.
  • Such a design of a vertical or at least partially vertical opening path can be implemented in particular in hood-type dishwashers and/or in pass-through dishwashers.
  • the covering device can have different potential energy in the closed position and in the open position, in particular different potential energy.
  • the covering device can be arranged at least partially above the closed position in the open position, so that in particular the covering device has a higher potential energy in the open position than in the closed position.
  • This design can also be implemented in particular in hood-type dishwashers or in pass-through dishwashers.
  • the cleaning device can in particular also have at least one application device for applying at least one cleaning fluid to the items to be cleaned in the cleaning chamber.
  • one or more cleaning nozzles can be provided in the cleaning chamber, via which the cleaning fluid can be sprayed and/or squirted and/or dripped onto the items to be cleaned.
  • one or more spray arms can also be provided, in particular rotating spray arms.
  • the cleaning device can be designed in particular as a commercial cleaning device, namely as a commercial dishwasher.
  • Commercial dishwashers are generally distinguished from household appliances by the fact that separate systems are provided for a rinsing process and a rinsing process.
  • a rinsing liquid can be prepared in a separate rinsing system during the rinsing process, for example by appropriate temperature control and/or by appropriate addition of additives such as a rinse aid.
  • the cleaning device can in particular have at least one preparation tank designed separately from the cleaning chamber, in particular at least one boiler, wherein a rinsing liquid can be tempered in the preparation tank, while a rinsing process is already running in the cleaning chamber.
  • rinsing liquid can be pumped out of the rinsing chamber or can drain off before the post-rinsing process is carried out using the previously prepared post-rinsing liquid.
  • At least one drying process can then be connected to the at least one post-rinsing process, for example.
  • the power transmission line has at least one gear.
  • a gear can generally be understood as a machine element by means of which movement variables can be changed. For example, a change in a force or a torque can be made by means of the gear. In particular, a movement to be changed can be a rotary movement.
  • the torque converter is part of the gear.
  • the transmission comprises at least one traction mechanism transmission, in particular at least one chain transmission.
  • a traction mechanism transmission is generally understood to be a transmission in which a torque is transmitted between two elements, for example between at least one shaft and at least one further element, in particular also between two shafts, with the aid of a traction mechanism, for example a traction mechanism that wraps around the at least one shaft.
  • a traction mechanism is understood to be a deformable, for example bendable or stretchable, elongated element by means of which a tensile force can be transmitted.
  • the power transmission path has at least one traction mechanism, in particular a bendable traction mechanism.
  • the traction mechanism is selected from the group consisting of: a chain, in particular a roller chain, a bolt chain or a link chain; a rope and/or cable pull; an elastic band; a belt, in particular a toothed belt or a V-belt.
  • the transmission path can be designed in such a way that the at least one traction means is designed redundantly.
  • a plurality of traction means can be provided to transmit a tensile force from one element to another element, which can be designed in the same way, for example. In this way, for example, errors can be avoided or minimized that could occur due to a break or another type of damage or inoperability of the traction means.
  • the torque converter can in particular have at least one torque transmission element that is rotatably mounted about at least one axis.
  • the torque transmission element can have a torque transmission element mounted on at least one axis that is At least one traction means can act on an area of application or point of application spaced apart by a distance R and exert a torque on the torque transmission element.
  • the distance R can depend on an angular position of the torque transmission element, for example an angular position in any coordinate system, for example a polar coordinate system with the axis of the torque transmission element as the coordinate axis.
  • the distance R can change over at least one angular range, wherein the change can be selected, for example, from the group consisting of: a continuous change; a constant change, for example a constant decrease or a constant increase; a step-by-step change. Examples are explained in more detail below.
  • the torque converter can in particular have at least one chain disk with at least one variable radius.
  • the chain disk can be designed such that it has a different radius in at least one first angular range than in at least one other angular range.
  • the covering device can be connected to a shaft in particular via at least one first traction means.
  • This connection can be direct or indirect.
  • This first traction means can connect the covering device directly to the shaft or via one or more deflection rollers. In this way, a rotary movement of the shaft can be transferred or converted into an opening or closing movement of the covering device. Alternatively or additionally, conversely, an opening or closing movement of the covering device can also be transferred or converted into a rotary movement of the shaft.
  • the shaft can be connected to the spring element in particular via at least one second traction means.
  • the connection can be direct or indirect, for example again via the interposition of one or more intermediate elements. Again, deflection can also take place via one or more deflection rollers.
  • the at least one torque converter with the variable transmission ratio can be arranged between the first traction means and the shaft and/or between the shaft and the second traction means.
  • the first traction means can act on the shaft via at least one first chain disk
  • the second traction means can act on the shaft via the chain disk with the variable radius.
  • the chain disc, via which the first traction means engages the shaft can be a chain disc with a constant radius, for example.
  • a design with a variable radius is also possible.
  • the first traction means can engage the shaft via a chain disc with a variable radius
  • the second traction means can engage the shaft via a chain disc with a constant radius.
  • Various designs are possible in order to achieve a variable transmission ratio over the opening path.
  • the spring element can have different stretching states in particular in at least two different positions of the cover device along the opening path.
  • the torque converter can be designed in such a way that different spring forces of the spring element caused by the different stretching states are compensated by the different transmission ratios, so that at least largely identical forces act on the cover device in the different positions.
  • "At least largely identical" forces are generally understood to mean identical forces or forces that differ from one another by, for example, no more than 20%, preferably no more than 10% and particularly preferably no more than 5%.
  • the transmission ratio can be easily calculated in such a way that identical forces or at least largely identical forces act on the cover device in the two different positions and preferably over the entire opening path, for example with the exception of the closed position.
  • the spring element, the cover device and the torque converter with its variable transmission ratio can in particular be set up in such a way that the cover device remains at rest in every position of the opening path without the influence of additional forces.
  • Additional forces are generally understood to mean any forces that are not exerted on the cover device, the torque converter and the spring element by the weight of the components involved and/or the spring force of the at least one spring element. In particular, these can be forces applied manually by an operating personnel and/or by forces that are introduced by at least one additional motor. However, in the preferred embodiment, the cover device should remain at rest in every position of the opening path without such additional forces.
  • one or more traction devices can be designed redundantly.
  • the at least one spring element can also be designed redundantly, so that at least two spring elements can be provided.
  • the at least one spring element can comprise at least two identical spring elements. Due to the redundancy, for example, errors that can arise due to a spring element breaking can be at least partially reduced in their impact.
  • the spring element can in particular further comprise at least one securing element, wherein the securing element can be designed to prevent a breakage of the spring element or, if several spring elements are provided, to catch at least one of the spring elements.
  • a safety element is generally understood to mean any element that has the aforementioned safety function.
  • the safety element can be a mechanical element that hinders or reduces further movement of one or more elements within the force transmission path as soon as a spring element is broken. If a spring element breaks, further movement of a redundant further spring element can be reduced or prevented, for example movement of a second spring element in the form of further expansion of this second spring element.
  • the safety element can be implemented in particular by means of at least one safety rod, as will be explained in more detail below.
  • at least one safety rod can be provided, wherein the force transmission path couples to the safety rod if the spring element breaks, so that, for example, free movement of the force transmission path is prevented due to a break in the spring element.
  • the coupling can be achieved, for example, by tilting a transmission element between the force transmission section and the safety rod as soon as the spring element breaks. This tilting can result in a firm coupling, while in a normal state in which the spring element is not broken, the safety rod is, for example, mounted so as to slide relative to the transmission element.
  • the transmission element can, for example, comprise at least one balance beam through which the safety rod passes.
  • two spring elements can engage at two opposite ends of the balance beam, with the balance beam having a through hole in the middle in which a safety rod is mounted.
  • the balance beam can be kept in balance by the two spring elements, so that in a normal state the safety rod does not tilt relative to the balance beam.
  • the spring force of the remaining spring element causes the balance beam to tilt relative to the safety rod and tilt it on the safety rod, so that the balance beam can couple firmly to the safety rod.
  • the power transmission line for example at least one traction device of the power transmission line, can be coupled to the balance beam so that if the balance beam tilts, the power transmission line, in particular the traction device, can be coupled to the balance beam.
  • other types of securing elements are also possible in principle.
  • the covering device can in particular further comprise at least one actuating element which can be actuated by a user of the cleaning device in order to exert a force on the covering device and thereby bring the covering device from the closed position into the open position or vice versa.
  • the at least one actuating element can be mounted directly on the covering device and/or can be completely or partially be integrated into it.
  • the actuating element can in particular have at least one handle, which can for example be connected to the hood or can be fully or partially integrated into the hood.
  • the design and shape of the handle is in principle arbitrary. A shape that enables ergonomic operation by the operating personnel is preferred.
  • the actuating element can act indirectly on the cover device. Other possible designs relate to the spring element.
  • the spring element can in particular be selected from the group consisting of: a coil spring; a spiral spring; a torsion spring; a leaf spring; an elastic element, in particular an elastic band.
  • a coil spring a spiral spring
  • a torsion spring a leaf spring
  • an elastic element in particular an elastic band.
  • other designs are also possible alternatively or additionally.
  • different types of spring elements can also be combined with one another.
  • the spring element can be stretched to its maximum in particular in the closed position of the covering device. This can mean in particular that the spring element has a first stretch in the open position and a second stretch in the closed position, wherein the second stretch is greater than the first stretch and wherein in an intermediate region along the opening path between the closed position and the open position no greater stretch occurs than in the closed position.
  • the cleaning device has at least one electromechanical drive for moving the covering device.
  • the electromechanical drive can have at least one motor.
  • the electromechanical drive can be optionally coupled to the covering device.
  • the electromechanical drive can be coupled to the power transmission line, preferably optionally.
  • the electromechanical drive can be coupled or can be coupled to the above-mentioned shaft, to which the first traction means, the second traction means and the torque converter with the variable transmission ratio can also be coupled.
  • a rotary movement transmitted to the shaft by the electromechanical drive for example the motor, can also be transmitted to the covering device in the form of a force, for example to open the covering device.
  • the cleaning device can also be equipped with a different type of drive for the covering device.
  • a different type of drive for the covering device can be provided, selected from the group consisting of a hydraulic drive, an electro-hydraulic drive, a pneumatic drive or an electro-pneumatic drive.
  • a hydraulic drive an electro-hydraulic drive, a pneumatic drive or an electro-pneumatic drive.
  • an electro-hydraulic drive a pneumatic drive or an electro-pneumatic drive.
  • other designs are also conceivable.
  • the cleaning device also has at least one torque monitor for monitoring a torque exerted by the electromechanical drive on the covering device.
  • the torque can be detected directly on the covering device, directly on the drive or on any element between the electromechanical drive and the covering device, for example within the power transmission path.
  • the power transmission path can also be used in whole or in part to transmit a force from the electromechanical drive to the covering device.
  • the torque monitor can, for example, be designed in such a way that when a maximum torque occurs, for example a predetermined limit torque, the drive is automatically stopped, switched off or uncoupled.
  • the torque monitor can, for example, be selected from the group consisting of a torque support; a switch, in particular a torque switch and/or a limit switch; a torque sensor; a freewheel; a ratchet wheel.
  • a torque support for example, a torque support; a switch, in particular a torque switch and/or a limit switch; a torque sensor; a freewheel; a ratchet wheel.
  • the cleaning device also has at least one controller.
  • this can be a central machine controller by means of which one or more rinsing programs can be controlled.
  • the controller can be set up to control at least one rinsing process, at least one rinsing process and optionally at least one drying process.
  • the controller is also set up to detect a movement and/or a position of the covering device. This detection can be carried out, for example, by detecting a position and/or a movement of the transmission path. Such monitoring can also take place at other locations.
  • the cleaning device and in particular the controller is set up to monitor forces and/or torques within the force transmission path.
  • the cleaning device can further comprise at least one guide element, wherein the guide element can be designed to guide the covering device over the opening path.
  • this can be a vertically aligned guide.
  • the guide element can in particular comprise at least one guide rail.
  • two guide rails can be provided outside a hood. Other configurations are also possible.
  • the at least one guide element can in particular be arranged entirely or partially outside the cleaning chamber.
  • a method for cleaning items to be cleaned is proposed.
  • the method is carried out using the cleaning device according to the present invention, in particular according to one or more of the embodiments described above and/or according to one or more of the embodiments described in more detail below. Accordingly, reference can be made to the description of the cleaning device for possible definitions and/or options of the method.
  • the method comprises various process steps, which can be carried out in the order mentioned, for example. However, a different order is also possible in principle.
  • the method can also comprise additional, unspecified process steps. Furthermore, one or more or all of the process steps can be carried out repeatedly and/or continuously. Furthermore, two or more of the process steps mentioned or all of the process steps mentioned can also be carried out simultaneously or in an overlapping manner.
  • the method comprises at least one cleaning step in which the items to be cleaned are cleaned in at least one cleaning chamber.
  • this cleaning step can comprise at least one rinsing step and/or at least one rinsing step or final rinse step.
  • this at least one cleaning step can optionally also comprise at least one drying step.
  • the method uses at least one covering device that at least partially encloses the cleaning chamber.
  • the method further comprises an opening step and/or a closing step, wherein the covering device is moved over an opening path from a closed position to an open position or vice versa.
  • the covering device is connected to at least one spring element via at least one force transmission path.
  • the method comprises at least one transmission of at least one spring force of the spring element to the covering device by means of the force transmission path.
  • the force transmission path has at least one torque converter, wherein the torque converter has a transmission ratio that can be changed over the opening path.
  • the proposed cleaning device and the proposed method have numerous advantages over known devices and methods and can be used in advantageous way in hood dishwashers and pass-through dishwashers.
  • the covering device in particular the hood
  • the guidance can be provided, for example, via two guide elements in the form of rectangular profiles on the right and left of the machine, for example with rectangular tubes or square tubes.
  • the guide can be arranged vertically, for example, and can be supported by three rollers each.
  • Another design of the guide is also possible.
  • a cantilever arm can be formed at the top of each of the guide profiles, onto which the completely pre-assembled hood can be pushed and secured with just a few fastening elements, e.g. two screws. In this way, a guide that is particularly easy to install can be created.
  • At least one traction device can be attached to the bottom of each guide, for example to each guide profile, for example at least one roller chain.
  • the at least one traction device can be guided, for example, over at least one deflection wheel in the upper area of the machine housing and can be placed on a chain wheel in the lower area of the housing.
  • each traction device can be tensioned without deflection or can be deflected once or multiple times.
  • the two traction devices connected to the guide profiles can each be connected to a sprocket or chainring at their lower end, for example.
  • These two lower sprockets are, for example, connected to one another in a rotationally rigid manner, for example via the above-mentioned shaft.
  • a third chainring or sprocket can also be assigned to the two lower sprockets, for example by mounting it rotationally fixed on the shaft.
  • This third sprocket can, for example, be the torque transmission element with the radius that depends on the angular position.
  • a further chain can be placed on this third sprocket, running in the opposite direction to the other two chains, which can be connected at the other end to the at least one spring element, for example one or preferably several tension springs.
  • the at least one spring element for example the tension springs, can, for example, be fastened in the upper part of the housing.
  • the covering device for example the hood
  • the two chains attached to the guide profiles at the bottom can be largely unwound from their wheels.
  • the third chain on the other hand, can be largely wound on its wheel and the tension springs can be tensioned.
  • the first two chains can wind up on their wheels.
  • the third chain can be unwound and at least one spring element, for example the tension springs, can relax.
  • the third wheel In order to compensate for the change in the spring force over the path, the third wheel, as explained above, preferably has an effective radius and/or pitch circle that changes over the circumference. In this way, a torque converter with a variable transmission ratio can be implemented particularly easily.
  • the third sprocket or chain ring which is connected to the at least one spring element via the at least one third traction means, can therefore act as a torque transmission element, with a distance between an axis of rotation and an application point of the third traction means that depends on the angular position.
  • An application point is generally understood to be a circumferential point at which a tangential or at least not completely radial force is exerted on the torque transmission element. This can, for example, be the point at which the third traction means detaches from a circumference of the torque transmission element.
  • This design allows, for example, the change in spring force over the path and/or the extension of the at least one spring element to be adapted to the force actually required to compensate for the hood weight.
  • non-uniform adjustments can also be made.
  • sudden diameter changes can also be incorporated into the sprockets as an alternative or in addition.
  • the sprockets can be made individually from metal and assembled.
  • individual parts of the gear set can be made entirely or partially from plastic, or the entire gear set.
  • the entire transmission can be made entirely or partially from metal and/or plastic.
  • Other materials can also be used, such as ceramic materials.
  • the wheel set can, for example, be mounted with rolling bearings, which enables low friction and therefore smooth running.
  • an electric motor or another type of electromechanical drive can be coupled to the gear box, for example to the gear set.
  • the coupling to the gear box can also be achieved, for example, by means of at least one traction device, for example by means of at least one further chain and two pinions.
  • safety measures can be implemented in a simple manner within the framework of the proposed cleaning device.
  • the automated covering device in particular the hood, one or more of the following safety measures can be used.
  • the electromechanical drive in particular the electric motor
  • the electromechanical drive can be mounted in such a way that its torque is absorbed by a torque support, for example a spring-supported torque support. If the torque is too high, for example above a limit value or if a limit value is exceeded, for example a limit value for a closing force on the covering device, in particular the hood, this torque support is deflected. This movement can be detected, for example, with a switch that passes its signal on to the control system. The control system can then, for example, stop the movement of the covering device, in particular the hood, and initiate a reverse movement.
  • a torque support for example a spring-supported torque support.
  • a rotary encoder can be integrated into the drive train, for example, and is connected to the control system.
  • the control system can detect when the signals from the rotary encoder are missing, for example because the movement is obstructed. In this case, the control system can then stop the movement of the covering device, in particular the hood, and/or initiate other actions, for example a reverse movement.
  • the weight compensation force for the covering device in particular the hood, can be adjusted to the closing force of the drive in such a way that safe values are not exceeded.
  • the weight of the covering device in particular the hood, can be 100% compensated by the spring force acting on the covering device and converted by the force transmission path.
  • Tolerances can also be acceptable, as stated above, for example tolerances of no more than 10%, in particular no more than 5% or even no more than 2%.
  • deviations from this 100% compensation can only be provided in one or more specific positions along the opening path.
  • the weight of the covering device can only be partially balanced so that the covering device or hood remains securely closed when the cleaning device is in operation.
  • locking can of course also be carried out in this closed position.
  • the covering device can also be operated semi-automatically, in particular semi-automatic hood operation.
  • the weight compensation is set over the entire opening path or at least part of it so that the covering device, in particular the hood, automatically moves into the open position.
  • the covering device can be automatically fixed and/or locked, for example via at least one locking mechanism that can be operated by the control system, for example.
  • the control system can, for example, unlock the locking mechanism again and the covering device can then, for example, open or be opened automatically.
  • fully automatic operation of the covering device can also be implemented.
  • the weight of the covering device in particular the hood, can be 100% balanced over the entire opening path or at least part of it.
  • a drive mechanism can move the covering device, for example controlled by corresponding commands from the control system.
  • FIG 1 an embodiment of a cleaning device 110 according to the invention is shown.
  • the cleaning device 110 is designed in this embodiment as a pass-through dishwasher 112, which comprises an infeed table or feed table 114, a hood dishwasher 116 and an outfeed table 118.
  • the cleaning device 110 is in Figure 1 shown in front view.
  • the hood dishwasher 116 is shown again in a side view.
  • the pass-through dishwasher 112 comprises, in the area of the feed table 114, a basin 120 and a hose spray 122 for pre-cleaning the items to be cleaned 124, which may be, for example, dishes or other types of the items to be cleaned mentioned above. These can be introduced into a cleaning chamber 128 of the cleaning device 110, for example, by means of one or more dish baskets 126. There, the items to be cleaned 124 can be exposed to one or more cleaning fluids, for example via one or more Figures 1 and 2 not shown in detail, such as nozzle systems.
  • the hood dishwasher 116 has a base 130, which has, for example, a frame 132. Furthermore, the hood dishwasher 116 comprises a cover device 134, which in this embodiment is designed as a hood 136. This hood 136 can be opened via an opening path and is in the Figures 1 and 2 each shown with solid lines in a closed position and with dashed lines in an open position.
  • the hood dishwasher 116 further comprises at least one actuating element 138 in the form of a handle 140. In Figure 2 Analogous to the representation of the hood 136, the handle 140 is shown with solid lines in the closed position and with dashed lines in the open position. The handle 140, for example, engages directly on the hood 136.
  • At least one control unit 148 can also be arranged in the base 130 of the hood-type dishwasher 116. Further elements can also be arranged in the base 130, such as at least one processing tank in which a rinsing liquid can be tempered, for example at least one boiler. These elements are not shown in the figures.
  • the cleaning device 110 has guide elements 150 on both sides of its rear side, one of these guide elements 150 in Figure 3
  • This guide element 150 can, as shown in Figure 3 shown, for example, a guide rail 152 or another type of guide profile, for example a rectangular profile in the form of a rectangular tube and/or square tube. This is, as in Figure 3 shown, arranged vertically.
  • Each guide element 150 is supported, for example, by rollers 154, for example three rollers on each side.
  • a cantilever arm 156 is formed at the top of each guide element 150, onto which the hood 136, for example completely pre-assembled, can be pushed and can be secured, for example, with just a few fastening elements, eg two screws.
  • a first traction means 158 is attached to the bottom of each guide element 150, for example at least one first roller chain. This first traction means 158 is guided over a deflection wheel 160 in the upper area of a housing of the cleaning device 110. The first traction means 158 is further placed on a first sprocket 162 in the lower area of the housing.
  • the illustrated arrangement of the guide element 150, the first traction means 158, the deflection wheel 160 and the first sprocket 162 is duplicated on the opposite side of the rear of the cleaning device 110, so that two, for example identical, first sprockets 162 exist, of which in Figure 3 to simplify the illustration, only one is shown.
  • the two first sprockets 162 are connected to one another in a rotationally rigid manner via a shaft 164, to which they are mounted in a rotationally rigid manner.
  • a torque converter 166 is mounted on this shaft 164, also in a rotationally rigid manner.
  • This comprises a rotatably mounted torque transmission element 168, which in this embodiment is designed as a third sprocket 170.
  • This third sprocket 170 is rotatably mounted about the axis of the shaft 164.
  • a third traction means 172 is placed on this third sprocket 170, which lifts off from the third sprocket 170 at an engagement point 174 and is connected at its other end to two spring elements 176, as an example in this embodiment.
  • the hood 136 is in Figure 3 shown in the closed position.
  • the guide element 150 moves upwards and the first chain wheels 162 rotate in a direction of rotation 178.
  • the third chain wheel 170 rotates in a direction of rotation 180 that is, for example, the same as the direction of rotation 178.
  • the torque transmission element 168 in the form of the third sprocket 170 is designed with an uneven radius, as in Figure 3 This means that a distance R between the point of application 174 and the axis changes with an angular position of the torque transmission element 168. However, this also changes the torque transmitted by the third traction means 172 to the shaft 164, since this depends on the angular position of the chain wheel 170.
  • the two chains of the first traction means 158 which are attached to the guide rails 152 at the bottom, are largely unwound from the sprockets 162.
  • the third traction means 172 also designed in the form of a roller chain, for example, is largely wound on its third sprocket 170, and the spring elements 176, which are designed as tension springs, for example, are, as in Figure 3 shown, tensioned.
  • the hood 136 is raised, the first two traction means 158 wind up on their wheels 162.
  • the third traction means 172 is unwound and the spring elements 176 relax.
  • the third chain wheel 170 In order to compensate for the change in the spring force of the spring elements 176 over the opening path, the third chain wheel 170, as explained above, has an effective radius and/or pitch circle that changes over the circumference. This design allows the change in the spring force over the opening path or over the extension to be adapted to the force actually required to compensate for the weight of the hood 136. In addition to a uniform and/or continuous radius reduction or radius increase, non-uniform adjustments to the effective radius R can also be implemented. For example, sudden diameter changes can also be incorporated into the chain wheels to dampen a movement at the end positions.
  • the traction means 158 and the torque converter 166 are part of a power transmission path 182, by means of which a spring force of the at least one spring element 176 can be transmitted to the cover device 134, in a converted form.
  • Other components of the power transmission path can be the deflection wheels 160 as well as the first chain wheels 162 and the shaft 164. Due to the effective radius R, which can be changed over the angular position, the torque converter 166 and thus the entire power transmission path 182 has a transmission ratio that can be changed over the opening path.
  • the torque converter 166 is thus, for example, part of a transmission 184, which has a variable transmission ratio that varies over the opening path of the hood 136.
  • the sprockets 162, 170 can, for example, be made individually from metal and assembled. Furthermore, individual parts of the gear set, such as guide disks, can also be made entirely or partially from plastic. It is also conceivable that the entire gear set can be made from plastic.
  • the gear set is preferably mounted on roller bearings, which allows for less friction and therefore smooth running.
  • the sprockets 162 and the shaft 164 as well as the traction means 158, 172 can be further components of the gear 184.
  • At least one electromechanical drive 18, for example at least one electric motor can optionally be coupled to the gear set, to the power transmission line 182 or to the gear 184.
  • This can be coupled, for example, by means of a further chain 188 and/or another type of traction device and by means of two pinions 190, which can be of the same or different types, and/or by means of a further gear with a fixed or variable transmission ratio.
  • the electric motor can be mounted in such a way that its torque is absorbed by a spring-supported torque support 192. If the torque is too high, for example if the closing force on the hood 136 is too high, this torque support 192 is deflected. This movement can be detected, for example, by means of a switch 194, which can pass its signal on to the control 148. The control 148 can then, for example, stop the movement of the hood 136 and optionally initiate a reverse movement.
  • At least one rotary encoder can be integrated in the power transmission line 182, including the electromechanical drive 186, which can also be connected to the controller 148.
  • This rotary encoder is in Figure 3 not shown.
  • the control 148 can, for example, detect when the signals from the rotary encoder are missing, for example because a movement is impeded. In this case, the control 148 can then, for example, stop the movement of the hood and/or initiate a reverse movement. To limit any crushing force that may occur, the weight compensation force for the hood 136 can be adjusted to the closing force by the drive so that safe values are not exceeded.
  • the power transmission line 182 can be designed redundantly.
  • a single third traction device 172 for example a single third chain
  • two chains can be used in parallel or "back to back".
  • the third traction device 172 can be supplemented by another deformable component and/or traction device, for example a rope, which can absorb the tensile force in the event of a chain break.
  • the spring element 176 can have at least one safety element 196 which can be a direct component of the spring elements 176 or, what should also be included, can be coupled to them.
  • this safety element 196 can comprise a catching element or a catching device which, in this exemplary embodiment, are coupled to the two spring elements 176.
  • this safety element can have at least one safety rod 198, whereby the force transmission path 182 can couple to the safety rod 198 in the event of a break of the at least one spring element 176 or, in the case of several spring elements 176.
  • This coupling can, as shown in particular in Figure 4 recognizable, via at least one transmission element 200.
  • This transmission element 200 can, as in Figure 4 shown by way of example, in particular as a balance beam 202.
  • This balance beam is connected symmetrically to the two spring elements 176 at its outer ends and has a bore 204 in the middle through which the safety rod 198 acting as a catch rod is guided.
  • the third traction means 172 is coupled to the balance beam 202 at a lower end.
  • the balance beam 202 slides freely on the safety rod 198, just as the lower suspension point of the third traction device 172 moves with an extension of the spring elements 176. If a spring element 176 should break, there is no longer any symmetrical force introduction on the balance beam 202. The balance beam 202 tilts on the safety rod 198 and is thereby jammed and held in place. An uncontrolled lowering of the hood 136 is thus prevented.
  • two first traction means 158 can be provided in particular. However, a different number is also possible. Furthermore, two or more of the elements mentioned can also be combined in whole or in part. For example, the two first traction means 158 can also be made shorter and can be connected, for example, to a single chain, which can then be connected individually to the weight compensation spring elements 176 via the wheel set.
  • roller chains can also be implemented with other flexible or deformable traction means or in combination with different types of traction means.
  • traction means for example, bolt chains, link chains, belts or ropes can be used.
  • the movement of the cover device or the hood on the cleaning device described can be implemented very smoothly overall, as very smooth running of the entire mechanism can be ensured even over long periods of operation. Furthermore, very quiet running can be achieved. By permanently lubricating the moving parts, the cleaning device 110 can also be implemented with little or no maintenance.
  • the hood 136 in particular can be installed quickly and easily. Furthermore, very large opening paths, in particular very large strokes on the hood 136, can be realized. This also makes it possible to realize large pass-through heights in the pass-through dishwasher 112 shown.
  • the cleaning device shown is also very variable with regard to the adjustment of an effective compensating force on the hood 136. For this purpose, only a corresponding adjustment of the radii or effective radii R on the torque transmission element 168 is required.
  • the cleaning device as a whole has a high degree of flexibility in terms of operation. For example, a slight variation from a manually operated hood 136 to an automatic or semi-automatic hood 136 is possible. In this way, a modular structure can also be implemented. There are also good adjustment options for automatic hood systems.

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  • Washing And Drying Of Tableware (AREA)
  • Cleaning By Liquid Or Steam (AREA)
EP16711008.9A 2015-03-27 2016-03-23 Reinigungsvorrichtung und verfahren zum reinigen von reinigungsgut Active EP3273836B1 (de)

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DE102015205602.3A DE102015205602A1 (de) 2015-03-27 2015-03-27 Reinigungsvorrichtung und Verfahren zum Reinigen von Reinigungsgut
PCT/EP2016/056364 WO2016156146A1 (de) 2015-03-27 2016-03-23 Reinigungsvorrichtung und verfahren zum reinigen von reinigungsgut

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USD884996S1 (en) * 2017-03-09 2020-05-19 Meiko Maschinenbau Gmbh & Co. Kg Rinsing machine
CN109854106A (zh) * 2019-03-28 2019-06-07 广东万和电气有限公司 铰链机构及洗碗机

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CN107645920A (zh) 2018-01-30
US10499789B2 (en) 2019-12-10
US20180008121A1 (en) 2018-01-11
CN107645920B (zh) 2020-07-17
HK1245610A1 (zh) 2018-08-31
EP3273836A1 (de) 2018-01-31
DE102015205602A1 (de) 2016-09-29
WO2016156146A1 (de) 2016-10-06

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