EP3260388A1 - Stopfen, insbesondere für schlauch - Google Patents

Stopfen, insbesondere für schlauch Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3260388A1
EP3260388A1 EP17177011.8A EP17177011A EP3260388A1 EP 3260388 A1 EP3260388 A1 EP 3260388A1 EP 17177011 A EP17177011 A EP 17177011A EP 3260388 A1 EP3260388 A1 EP 3260388A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
plug
stopper
neck
projecting
receptacle
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP17177011.8A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Sylvain DEFERT
Franck Fritsch
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Albea Services SAS
Original Assignee
Albea Services SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Albea Services SAS filed Critical Albea Services SAS
Publication of EP3260388A1 publication Critical patent/EP3260388A1/de
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65DCONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D41/00Caps, e.g. crown caps or crown seals, i.e. members having parts arranged for engagement with the external periphery of a neck or wall defining a pouring opening or discharge aperture; Protective cap-like covers for closure members, e.g. decorative covers of metal foil or paper
    • B65D41/02Caps or cap-like covers without lines of weakness, tearing strips, tags, or like opening or removal devices
    • B65D41/04Threaded or like caps or cap-like covers secured by rotation
    • B65D41/06Threaded or like caps or cap-like covers secured by rotation with bayonet cams, i.e. removed by first pushing axially to disengage the cams and then rotating
    • B65D41/065Threaded or like caps or cap-like covers secured by rotation with bayonet cams, i.e. removed by first pushing axially to disengage the cams and then rotating with integral internal sealing means
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65DCONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D35/00Pliable tubular containers adapted to be permanently or temporarily deformed to expel contents, e.g. collapsible tubes for toothpaste or other plastic or semi-liquid material; Holders therefor
    • B65D35/44Closures
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65DCONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D51/00Closures not otherwise provided for
    • B65D51/18Arrangements of closures with protective outer cap-like covers or of two or more co-operating closures
    • B65D51/20Caps, lids, or covers co-operating with an inner closure arranged to be opened by piercing, cutting, or tearing
    • B65D51/22Caps, lids, or covers co-operating with an inner closure arranged to be opened by piercing, cutting, or tearing having means for piercing, cutting, or tearing the inner closure
    • B65D51/221Caps, lids, or covers co-operating with an inner closure arranged to be opened by piercing, cutting, or tearing having means for piercing, cutting, or tearing the inner closure a major part of the inner closure being left inside the container after the opening
    • B65D51/222Caps, lids, or covers co-operating with an inner closure arranged to be opened by piercing, cutting, or tearing having means for piercing, cutting, or tearing the inner closure a major part of the inner closure being left inside the container after the opening the piercing or cutting means being integral with, or fixedly attached to, the outer closure
    • B65D51/225Caps, lids, or covers co-operating with an inner closure arranged to be opened by piercing, cutting, or tearing having means for piercing, cutting, or tearing the inner closure a major part of the inner closure being left inside the container after the opening the piercing or cutting means being integral with, or fixedly attached to, the outer closure and further comprising a device first inhibiting displacement of the outer closure
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65DCONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D51/00Closures not otherwise provided for
    • B65D51/24Closures not otherwise provided for combined or co-operating with auxiliary devices for non-closing purposes
    • B65D51/28Closures not otherwise provided for combined or co-operating with auxiliary devices for non-closing purposes with auxiliary containers for additional articles or materials
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65DCONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D85/00Containers, packaging elements or packages, specially adapted for particular articles or materials
    • B65D85/70Containers, packaging elements or packages, specially adapted for particular articles or materials for materials not otherwise provided for
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65DCONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2251/00Details relating to container closures
    • B65D2251/0003Two or more closures
    • B65D2251/0006Upper closure
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65DCONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2251/00Details relating to container closures
    • B65D2251/0003Two or more closures
    • B65D2251/0068Lower closure
    • B65D2251/0093Membrane
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65DCONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D85/00Containers, packaging elements or packages, specially adapted for particular articles or materials

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of plugs for receptacles.
  • the caps are fixed on the opening of a receptacle, such as a neck, by screwing.
  • the cap and the neck are then provided with complementary screw threads cooperating together.
  • the user wishes to close or open the receptacle, it performs a screwing or unscrewing movement in one direction or the other and, after several turns, either the receptacle is closed, or it is open.
  • the plug according to the invention is free of screw thread.
  • the invention provides less a protruding element which cooperates with a groove on the neck of the receptacle.
  • the element or elements projecting from the cap according to the invention will be able to be obtained by molding over and under.
  • a portion of the mold bearing the imprint of a first portion of the stopper comes from above and another part bearing the impression of the rest of the stopper comes from below.
  • the plug has at least one opening on its upper wall to the right of the projecting elements. Sealing with the receptacle and then ensured despite the openings, by the sealing element positioned judiciously.
  • Plug means an object for sealing a receptacle, in particular an outlet opening of a product, in a reversible manner.
  • a plug according to the invention can thus move from an open position to a closed position and vice versa, mainly by a screwing movement or the like.
  • the present invention does not include closure assemblies, such as a hinged service capsule, permanently fixed on opening and comprising a passage opening for the outlet of the product and a folding cap for closing said orifice.
  • the invention also relates to an assembly for closing a receptacle, said assembly comprising a neck and a plug as described above.
  • the invention relates to a stopper 1 configured for closing a receptacle comprising a neck 3.
  • Said cap 1 is thus designed to be fixed on said neck 3 to close said receptacle and form an assembly comprising the neck 3 and said plug 1.
  • the receptacle is a tube 5 comprising a tube head 7 provided with said neck 3, defining a longitudinal axis Z-Z, and a shoulder 9.
  • said stopper 1 comprises a peripheral wall 11 and an upper wall 13.
  • a longitudinal direction of the stopper 1, corresponding to the longitudinal axis Z-Z of the neck 3, is defined when the stopper 1 is fixed on the neck 3.
  • the outer surface of said peripheral wall 11 may be provided with longitudinal ridges 11a to facilitate the manipulation of the stopper 1.
  • the plug in particular the inner surface of its peripheral wall 11 is free of screw thread.
  • at least one projecting element 15 is located on this inner surface.
  • the one or more projecting elements 15 are configured to cooperate with a guide groove 17 extending on an external surface of said neck 3 so that the stopper 1 moves from an open position to a closed position and vice versa. .
  • said elements projecting from the plug 1 are three pins 15 regularly distributed around the periphery of the lower part of said plug 1.
  • the diameter of said pins 15 is substantially similar to the width of the guide groove 17 to allow at least one of the pieces 15, or all of said pins 15, to cooperate with it.
  • Said stopper 1 represented in Figures 1 to 3 is designed to be fixed on the neck 3 shown in the figure 6 .
  • said neck 3 comprises three grooves 17 regularly distributed around the periphery of the outer surface of said neck 3.
  • Said grooves 17 extend on the outer surface of said neck 3 from an upper end located towards an orifice 19 of outlet of the neck 3 at a lower end opposite said upper end of said neck 3.
  • Said grooves 17 include an inlet 171 located near said outlet orifice 19 of said neck 3.
  • Each of the grooves 17 extends between two edges 17a, s extending radially from a bottom 17b of said groove 17.
  • the number of grooves 17 is identical to the number of projecting elements 15 of said plug 1.
  • said groove 17 has successive guide portions. It may be in particular a first portion 172 ensuring the engagement of the corresponding projecting element 15 in said groove 17 and / or the holding of said cap 1 in a waiting position ( figure 7 ) and other successive portions 173, 174, 175 allowing the passage from the open position to the closed position ( figure 8 ) and vice versa.
  • the three grooves 17 each have a first portion 172 vertical with respect to the ZZ axis.
  • This first portion 172 allows in particular the engagement of said plug 1 in the groove 17 but also its holding in the waiting position, in particular when the plug 1 comprises a punch.
  • This first portion 172 is followed by a second portion 173 which is helical x slope, then by a third portion 174 which is helical slope y.
  • the slope y of the third helical portion 174 is greater than the slope x the second helical portion 173.
  • These two portions 173, 174 allow the passage of said plug 1 from the open position and / or waiting to the closed position or the closed position to the open position.
  • Said groove 17 finally ends with a last portion 175 which is horizontal with respect to the ZZ axis.
  • This configuration of the grooves 17 allows the user to move the plug 1 from an open position to a closed position and vice versa by a substantially helical movement similar to that of a conventional plug provided with a screw thread .
  • Said cap 1 also comprises three openings 21 located on the upper wall 13 of said plug 1.
  • the openings 21 are in particular located on the periphery of the upper wall 13 to the right of the projecting elements 15 of said plug 1 and are regularly distributed on the upper wall 13 of said plug 1.
  • Said openings 21 correspond to the passage of a pin-shaped zone of a portion of the mold used to obtain an upper part of said projecting elements.
  • the molding is, for example, above and below, that is, ie one part of the mold comes inside the object from above and another part comes inside from the bottom of the object.
  • the opening 21 on the upper wall of the plug 1 thus allows the introduction of the upper part of the mold for the formation of the projecting elements 15.
  • the number of openings 21 is identical to the number of projecting elements 15 of said plug 1.
  • the plug 1 is molded and is made of plastics material, in particular thermoplastic material, such as a polyolefin such as polypropylene, polyethylene, a copolymer thereof or a mixture thereof .
  • thermoplastic material such as a polyolefin such as polypropylene, polyethylene, a copolymer thereof or a mixture thereof .
  • the plug 1 is made in one piece.
  • the cap 1 also comprises a sealing member 23, in particular a deformable element.
  • said sealing member 23 is located on an inner surface of the upper wall 13, radially recessed from said apertures 21 of said cap 1. This is, here, an extra thickness of material on the inner surface of the wall upper of said plug 1 which corresponds to a sealing ring 23 located radially recessed from said openings 21.
  • Said sealing ring 23 is configured to cooperate with a ring seat 25 provided on an inner surface at the upper end of said neck 3 when said plug 1 is in the closed position as is visible on the figure 8 . In other words, in the closed position, said nail 23 is compressed on the seat 25.
  • Said ring may comprise a deformable lip.
  • the number of projecting elements 15 of said plug 1, the number of openings 21 of said plug 1 and the number of grooves 17 of said neck 3 are identical.
  • the plug 1 comprises three projecting elements 15 and three openings 21 and the neck 3 comprises three guide grooves 17.
  • the plug 1 comprises the same elements as the plug 1 of the previous embodiment ( Figures1 to 3 ).
  • said cap 1 is also designed to be fixed on the neck 3 shown in FIG. figure 6 .
  • Said stopper 1 further comprises a punch 27 protruding from said stopper 1.
  • Said punch 27 is notably derived from the material of said stopper 1.
  • the punch 27 is in particular constituted by a projection of material coming from the internal face of the upper wall of the stopper 1. An upper part of the punch 27 is thus surrounded by the peripheral wall 11 of the stopper 1. The free end of the punch 27 is on the same side of the upper wall of the plug 1 as the projecting elements 15.
  • Said punch 27 is configured to be inserted inside the neck 3 of the tube head 7 when the plug 1 is fixed on said neck 3.
  • the tube head 7 shown on the Figures 7 and 8 further comprises a solid insert 29 forming a lid 31 closing an inner end of the neck 3 opening into an interior volume of the receptacle, in the lower part of said neck 3.
  • the insert 29 comprises a peripheral section, typically of frustoconical or disc shape, and a central section forming said lid 31, whose diameter typically corresponds to the internal diameter of the neck 3.
  • Said punch 27 allows the cutting and / or perforation of the lid 31.
  • the cutting is advantageously partial, so that the portion or portions of the lid 31 having been cut remain connected to the rest of the insert 29, thus preventing any mixing of the material forming the insert 29 with a product contained in the associated receptacle, and possible distribution of this material to the user.
  • Said punch 27 has, here, a cylindrical section of revolution, a free end is advantageously provided with cutting means so that when the cap 1 is fixed on the neck 3 of the receptacle, the free end of the punch 27 is inserted in the neck 3.
  • Said cutting means may be a beveled shape of the free end, teeth and / or cutting notches, for example, evenly distributed around the free end of the punch 27.
  • L example of punch 27 shown in Figures 4, 5, 7 and 8 is a punch 27 of cylindrical section of revolution, the free end is provided with three teeth 27a of low height and evenly distributed around the periphery of its free end.
  • the stopper 1 and more particularly the punch 27 are configured so that a single and essentially helical movement of the stopper 1 is necessary to move said stopper 1 from an open position to a closed position, to insert said punch 27 inside the neck 3 and to pierce the lid 31, during the first use.
  • said grooves 17 of the neck 3 advantageously comprise two projecting elements 33a, 33b configured to cooperate with one of the projecting elements 15 of said plug 1 to maintain said plug 1 in the waiting position ( figure 7 ), in which said optional punch 27 can be kept at a distance from the cover 31.
  • the second lug 33b is located between the first 172 and second 173 portions of the groove 17.
  • this second lug 33b keeps the punch 27 away from the lid 31 and avoid perforation and / or cutting thereof without the intervention of the user before the first use.
  • said neck 3 advantageously comprises a guide ramp 35 as can be seen in FIG. figure 6 .
  • Said guide ramp 35 is configured to cooperate with at least one protruding element 15 of said plug 1 to position one of said projecting elements 15 at the inlet 171 of said groove 17.
  • the guide ramp 35 serves to guide one of the elements in question. protrusion 15 of the plug 1 in the first portion 172 of the groove 17 for guiding.
  • Said guide ramp 35 is visible in the figure 6 .
  • said guide ramp 35 has a reverse guide direction to the guide direction of said groove 17 for the passage of said plug 1 from the waiting position to the closed position.
  • said guide ramp 35 has a reverse guide direction to the guide direction of said groove 17 for the passage of said plug 1 from the waiting position to the closed position.
  • This double direction of rotation permits avoid that the machine, during the establishment of a plug 1 provided with a punch 27 in the waiting position, rotates too much and initiates a position of use in which the lid 31 is cut and or perforated and that the punch 27 damages the lid 31 before using the tube 5.
  • said ramp 35 may also comprise an abutment to force the stopping of one of said projecting elements 15 of the stopper 1 at the inlet of the groove 17.
  • the abutment is an extension 37 of the first portion of the groove 17 in the direction of the orifice of the neck 3.
  • Said sealing element 23 is here produced by an extra thickness of material, annular, of the base of the punch 27.
  • the upper wall may be surmounted by other parts of the plug, while maintaining its transverse orientation to the Z-Z axis.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Closures For Containers (AREA)
EP17177011.8A 2016-06-23 2017-06-20 Stopfen, insbesondere für schlauch Pending EP3260388A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1655898A FR3053030B1 (fr) 2016-06-23 2016-06-23 Bouchon, notamment pour tube souple

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3260388A1 true EP3260388A1 (de) 2017-12-27

Family

ID=56855672

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP17177011.8A Pending EP3260388A1 (de) 2016-06-23 2017-06-20 Stopfen, insbesondere für schlauch

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US11235912B2 (de)
EP (1) EP3260388A1 (de)
JP (1) JP2017226480A (de)
CN (1) CN107539613B (de)
BR (1) BR102017013655B1 (de)
CA (1) CA2970905A1 (de)
FR (1) FR3053030B1 (de)
MX (1) MX2017008498A (de)
RU (1) RU2749948C2 (de)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR3096037A1 (fr) * 2019-05-16 2020-11-20 L'oreal Système de fermeture d’un contenant
FR3099139A1 (fr) * 2019-07-26 2021-01-29 Albea Services B ouchon pour la fermeture d’un réceptacle ainsi qu’un ensemble comprenant ledit bouchon

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11043148B2 (en) 2019-01-08 2021-06-22 Melinda Miller KENT Paint tester
FR3096967B1 (fr) * 2019-06-07 2021-06-25 Albea Services Ensemble pour la fermeture d’un tube et tube comprenant cet ensemble
FR3096969B1 (fr) * 2019-06-07 2021-06-25 Albea Services Ensemble pour la fermeture d’un tube et tube comprenant cet ensemble
FR3096968B1 (fr) * 2019-06-07 2021-07-23 Albea Services Ensemble pour la fermeture d’un tube et tube comprenant cet ensemble
FR3099140B1 (fr) * 2019-07-26 2021-11-05 Albea Services B ouchon pour la fermeture d’un réceptacle ainsi qu’un ensemble comprenant ledit bouchon
EP4144662A1 (de) * 2021-09-07 2023-03-08 Capartis AG Verschlusskappe, behälter umfassend die verschlusskappe, sowie verfahren zur herstellung einer verschlusskappe
IT202100025718A1 (it) * 2021-10-07 2023-04-07 Labrenta S R L Imboccatura di bottiglia e relativo tappo

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1507830A (fr) * 1966-04-05 1967-12-29 Reflex Corp Canada Ltd Couvercle de sécurité pour flacons et récipients similaires
FR2107839A1 (de) * 1970-09-21 1972-05-12 Reflex Corp Canada Ltd
FR2170904A1 (de) * 1972-02-08 1973-09-21 Eyelet Specialty Co
US4049148A (en) * 1976-05-19 1977-09-20 International Tools (1973) Ltd. Child resistant closure assembly
WO2001064529A2 (en) * 2000-02-29 2001-09-07 Tri State Distribution, Inc. Container with a reversible child resistant cap
WO2012083310A2 (en) * 2010-12-17 2012-06-21 Dispensing Technologies B.V. Improved pre-forms for flair applications
DE202011003216U1 (de) * 2011-02-25 2011-08-30 Linhardt Gmbh & Co. Kg Tubenverpackung
FR3009287A1 (fr) * 2013-07-30 2015-02-06 Albea Services Bouchon pour receptacle et receptacle, notamment tube, en particulier tube souple pour produit cosmetique, muni dudit bouchon

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR3096037A1 (fr) * 2019-05-16 2020-11-20 L'oreal Système de fermeture d’un contenant
FR3099139A1 (fr) * 2019-07-26 2021-01-29 Albea Services B ouchon pour la fermeture d’un réceptacle ainsi qu’un ensemble comprenant ledit bouchon
WO2021018528A1 (fr) * 2019-07-26 2021-02-04 Albea Services Bouchon pour la fermeture d'un receptacle ainsi qu'un ensemble comprenant ledit bouchon

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RU2749948C2 (ru) 2021-06-21
CN107539613A (zh) 2018-01-05
RU2017121594A3 (de) 2020-06-03
JP2017226480A (ja) 2017-12-28
MX2017008498A (es) 2018-09-10
US20170369210A1 (en) 2017-12-28
CA2970905A1 (en) 2017-12-23
CN107539613B (zh) 2021-09-03
BR102017013655A2 (pt) 2018-01-09
FR3053030A1 (fr) 2017-12-29
FR3053030B1 (fr) 2019-07-19
RU2017121594A (ru) 2018-12-20
BR102017013655B1 (pt) 2023-03-14
US11235912B2 (en) 2022-02-01

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