EP3188860B1 - Procédé de fabrication de pièces coulées en métal ferreux - Google Patents

Procédé de fabrication de pièces coulées en métal ferreux Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3188860B1
EP3188860B1 EP15753958.6A EP15753958A EP3188860B1 EP 3188860 B1 EP3188860 B1 EP 3188860B1 EP 15753958 A EP15753958 A EP 15753958A EP 3188860 B1 EP3188860 B1 EP 3188860B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
mould
mold
broken
casting
cooling
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP15753958.6A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3188860A1 (fr
Inventor
Hans-Peter Puy
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Huppert Engineering & Co KG GmbH
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Huppert Engineering & Co KG GmbH
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Publication of EP3188860A1 publication Critical patent/EP3188860A1/fr
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
    • B22D27/04—Influencing the temperature of the metal, e.g. by heating or cooling the mould
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C21/00—Flasks; Accessories therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C21/00—Flasks; Accessories therefor
    • B22C21/12—Accessories
    • B22C21/14—Accessories for reinforcing or securing moulding materials or cores, e.g. gaggers, chaplets, pins, bars
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
    • B22C9/02—Sand moulds or like moulds for shaped castings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
    • B22C9/06—Permanent moulds for shaped castings
    • B22C9/065—Cooling or heating equipment for moulds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
    • B22C9/08—Features with respect to supply of molten metal, e.g. ingates, circular gates, skim gates
    • B22C9/088—Feeder heads
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D15/00—Casting using a mould or core of which a part significant to the process is of high thermal conductivity, e.g. chill casting; Moulds or accessories specially adapted therefor
    • B22D15/04—Machines or apparatus for chill casting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D18/00—Pressure casting; Vacuum casting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D18/00—Pressure casting; Vacuum casting
    • B22D18/04—Low pressure casting, i.e. making use of pressures up to a few bars to fill the mould
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D19/00—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product
    • B22D19/04—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product for joining parts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D29/00—Removing castings from moulds, not restricted to casting processes covered by a single main group; Removing cores; Handling ingots
    • B22D29/001—Removing cores
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D29/00—Removing castings from moulds, not restricted to casting processes covered by a single main group; Removing cores; Handling ingots
    • B22D29/04—Handling or stripping castings or ingots
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D30/00—Cooling castings, not restricted to casting processes covered by a single main group
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C5/00—Machines or devices specially designed for dressing or handling the mould material so far as specially adapted for that purpose
    • B22C5/08—Machines or devices specially designed for dressing or handling the mould material so far as specially adapted for that purpose by sprinkling, cooling, or drying
    • B22C5/085—Cooling or drying the sand together with the castings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D33/00—Equipment for handling moulds
    • B22D33/005—Transporting flaskless moulds

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for the production of ferrous metal casts.
  • Casting processes are typically differentiated according to their method of production, with particular distinction being made between casting in a lost mold and casting in a permanent mold, for example chill casting and die casting.
  • the inventive method combines the two casting techniques by a lost mold is used with a cavity for receiving the casting in an open multi-part mold. Even such a combination of a lost form with a mold is known in principle. Exemplary is the writings JP S59-97740 A . EP 0 760 723 B1 . EP 1 131 175 B1 and DE 10 2010 035 440 A1 directed.
  • the casting apparatus has a wet-cast sand mold.
  • the closure takes place in one embodiment by means of a movable, hollow member through which the melt flows and which is pressed in the axial direction in the form of a sufficiently large axially directed force and in this way closes the inlet.
  • a plug of molding sand is provided, which is pressed after the completion of the melt inlet into an inlet channel, so that the inlet channel is closed.
  • the EP 1 131 175 B1 is concerned with a method and apparatus for casting cast iron in a mold, the inner walls of which are in contact with a mold of hardening mold material or green sand. After the mold has been introduced into the mold, the side parts of the mold are closed and subjected to a variable contact pressure by means of a pressure device. The mold is cooled by means of a cooling device after introduction of the melt. It is proposed for this purpose to control the cooling rate throughout the cooling process until the pearlite transformation is complete in order to ensure the desired mechanical properties of the casting. Further, it is proposed to increase the cooling rate in the phase of pearlite transformation by opening the mold, the resulting air cooling increasing the cooling rate and resulting in increased strength of the casting.
  • the casting should be embedded in an insulating medium immediately after opening or covered with this and held in this state until the temperature of the casting has fallen below the pearlite transformation temperature.
  • the DE 10 2010 035 440 A1 proposes to provide a better controllability of the cooling of the casting between the inner wall of the mold and the outer wall of the lost mold (sand mold) at least one coolant flowed space or a spiral arranged around the sand mold coolant channel.
  • This or a similar device consisting of a lost mold and a mold enclosing this lost mold makes use of the following invention. On this basis, it is an object of the present invention to make the process for producing metal castings even more efficient and flexible.
  • the lost molds are made of sand, in particular of chemically bonded molding sand, in a customary manner, for example in a Croning, Coldbox, Hotbox, Furan, or water glass CO 2 process and hereinafter also referred to as sand mold or Kernpacket.
  • Ferrous metal casts combine casts of all iron-carbon compounds, regardless of carbon content, ie cast iron and steels. Casting material in the sense of this document is understood to mean the melt of the iron metal casting. Is this (at least partially) solidified, it is spoken by casting or casting.
  • the mold is preferably a metallic mold, for example of steel, cast iron or brass, but may also consist of another mold material, such as graphite.
  • the basic difference of the method according to the invention for producing iron metal castings in comparison to the known methods is a two-stage cooling and demolding process.
  • a first cooling (first cooling stage) of the casting at least until it falls below the liquidus temperature, preferably until it falls below the solidus temperature and preferably before the casting has reached the eutectoid transformation temperature, takes place in the mold still within the mold.
  • the preferred lower temperature limit up to which the core is cooled at most in the first chill stage can be stated to be 723 ° C.
  • the method according to the invention preferably provides that the lost form is cooled by a coolant flowing through a cavity arranged between the inner wall of the mold and the outer wall of the lost mold.
  • the cooling medium is preferably air or an inert gas.
  • the cavity may be formed in the form of one or more cooling channels extending spirally around the mold.
  • the cooling process is preferably controlled or regulated and preferably begins after filling the mold. In exceptional cases, it can also start during mold filling.
  • the casting temperature of the lost mold is measured in the latter case during cooling prior to removal of the mold preferably on the suspension. This can be done without contact, for example optically by means of an infrared camera, or by means of temperature sensors.
  • this can also be time-controlled, mass-controlled, and / or module-controlled (ie, depending on the surface-to-volume ratio, also called the solidification ratio) by previously (computationally) determining a coolant requirement for a predetermined cooling rate and correspondingly the coolant flow is programmed.
  • the desired material properties are known to be determined by the choice of the carbon content, the alloy composition and, depending on the individual microstructure transformation temperatures, adjusted by respectively adapted cooling programs.
  • the removal of the mold-casting unit from the mold plays a decisive role, which ends the first cooling stage during Austenit Bear or solidification or after their completion and initiates a second cooling stage.
  • the time of removal is accordingly at the earliest after reaching the liquidus temperature. Taking into account a temperature gradient towards the walls of the casting, superficial solidification has already been used, which gives the casting sufficient stability, while the core of the casting can then still contain fractions of melt.
  • the casting in the core has reached the eutectoid transformation temperature.
  • the exact temperature depends in each case on the desired structural state (austenite, coarse / fine-grained pearlite, coarse-fine-grained ferrite, etc.) and the chemical composition, the alloying elements, in particular the carbon content in the material.
  • the second cooling stage is thus at the earliest initiated, depending on the desired structure and the casting properties, if the casting is at least partially solidified, so the Austenit Guess sets or advantageously completed, and preferably until reaching the eutectoid transformation temperature (723 ° C).
  • the mold is opened and removed the form with the solidified casting from this non-destructive.
  • the mold remains surrounding the casting and acts thereafter as a heat-insulating or -regulierendes material. Without further measures, a uniform cooling over the surface of the casting, which is still enclosed in the mold, is ensured while the mold is exposed to the ambient conditions. Only at the end of the second cooling step, the casting is removed from the mold.
  • the mold For an effective and, above all, even cooling of the casting in the second cooling stage, the mold must be designed according to the required cooling capacity, i. In particular, the wall thickness of the mold is to be designed taking into account the surface-to-volume ratio of the casting, the environmental conditions and the desired material structure of the casting.
  • environmental conditions in this sense, for example, the thermal conditions in a refrigerator understood that the lost form including casting supplied to the support hanging and in which it is further cooled.
  • constant thermal conditions and a rapid removal of the heat introduced by sufficient circulation / sufficient replacement of the coolant preferably turn air or an inert gas can be adjusted.
  • the cooling is controlled or regulated by monitoring the temperature of the mold and / or the casting.
  • the casting temperature of the lost mold is again measured during cooling after removal of the mold again preferably on the suspension. Again, this can be done without contact, for example optically by means of an infrared camera, or by means of temperature sensors.
  • the second cooling stage is completed when the desired target temperature for removal of the casting from the core package, the unpacking temperature of preferably ⁇ 300 ° C is reached, at which the temperature profile of the further cooling has no influence on the microstructure.
  • the carrying device is used together with a feeder cap in the lost mold before it is inserted into the opened mold.
  • a feeder cap with suspension is for example from the Scriptures DE 10 2010 051 348 A known.
  • the mold can be prepared immediately after removal of the mold for the next casting operation, i. Among other things, be equipped with the next lost form.
  • the method is therefore very efficient and cost-effective, because at the same throughput a smaller number of molds is needed. Also, the process is very flexible and again inexpensive, because different castings can be made with the same mold by using different lost shapes.
  • the foundry does not need to hold a large number of different molds. The most versatile is a cylindrical mold for this purpose.
  • the cavity of the lost mold is filled with melt from below in ascending order.
  • Particularly preferred in this case is the application of the low-pressure casting process.
  • this can advantageously be closed by means of a gate valve.
  • the cooling of the lost mold starts immediately after the closure thereof by means of a gate valve.
  • An advantageous development of the invention provides that, during the filling of the cavity of the lost mold with casting material, casting gases are sucked off through a cavity arranged between the inner wall of the mold and the outer wall of the lost mold.
  • the cavity for the primary cooling and the cavity for sucking off the casting gases is preferably the same.
  • the cavity thus preferably has a dual function, as an exhaust pipe during casting and as coolant supply and discharge to the casting or to the lost form during the first cooling stage of the casting. It is advantageous that the cavity can be easily connected to a closed exhaust system that disposed of the exhaust gases targeted before they can get into the environment. Large-dimensioned exhaust hoods and corresponding piping systems, which circulate a lot of secondary air, can thus be avoided.
  • the mold i. the mold walls
  • secondary cooling is done in specially provided for in the mold wall cooling lines, which are also flowed through with coolant.
  • Another advantageous development of the invention provides that the lost mold is held by means of negative pressure in the mold during insertion into the open multi-part mold.
  • the lost form and the mold on matching elements that are inserted into each other when inserting the lost form in the open multi-part mold and so a defined position of the mold in the mold to ensure.
  • the cooperating mating elements are therefore also called core bearings.
  • the fitting elements and the vacuum holder can be combined, as will be explained below with reference to embodiments.
  • a lost mold 10 having a cavity 12 for receiving casting material is shown.
  • the cavity 12 has an inner surface which images the outer contour of the casting to be produced.
  • the lost mold 10 consists of a preferably chemically bonded molding sand, which forms an intrinsically stable structure.
  • a carrying device 14 is fixed by means of two first anchor elements 16.
  • the carrying device is already sufficiently connected to the mold 10 in order to carry its own weight.
  • the carrying device furthermore has a second anchor element 18, which projects through the wall of the mold 10 into the cavity 12, in order later to be partially encapsulated therewith with the casting material.
  • the subsequent filling of the cavity 12 in the lost mold 10 is carried out in a conventional manner by one or more gates 20, which preferably opens from below into the cavity 12, so that the cavity 12 of the lost form rising from below with cast material, particularly preferred can be filled in the low pressure casting process.
  • the lost form 10 is filled with casting material in the before FIG. 1 shown first in a first part, here in a first half 22, an open multi-part mold used before the mold is closed by the second half 24 is assembled with the first half 22.
  • the lost form 10 is first recorded in the first half 22 of the mold and after closing the mold and in the second half 24 of the mold, both the lost form 10 and the halves of the mold 22, 24 fitting elements 26 and 28, which are complementary to each other.
  • the mating elements of the lost form 10 are in Shape of a plurality of circumferentially projecting from an outer wall 30 of the mold 10 lugs 26 formed.
  • the mold halves 22, 24 each have complementary recesses 28 in their inner walls 32.
  • the cooperating fitting elements 26 and 28 form the so-called core bearings 34.
  • the mold halves 22, 24 also have connecting channels 36 between the recesses 28 on the one hand and an outer side 38 of the mold halves 22 and 24.
  • a suction line (not shown) can be connected on the outside 34, so that between the inner wall 32 and the outer wall 30, a negative pressure can be generated.
  • the mold 10 is thereby sucked with its projections 26 into the recess 28 of the Kokillenhnature 22 and held by the sustained negative pressure in this until the mold is closed. Thereafter, the negative pressure is no longer needed and the suction line can be removed or the negative pressure can be deactivated.
  • connection 32 can also engage at another location of the interface between the lost mold 10 and the multi-part mold, so that the fitting elements and the connection channels for vacuum fixing are spatially separated from each other. In the manner shown, however, the fitting elements and the means for vacuum fixation are combined in an advantageous manner.
  • a cavity 40 is arranged, which serves as a conduit for a cooling medium for cooling the lost mold, so the primary cooling.
  • the cavity 40 as circumferentially closed coolant line is formed only when joining the lost mold 10 and the mold, because it is formed in half in the outer wall 30 in the form of an open spiral or helical channel 42 and 44, respectively.
  • a circumferential cavity can also be provided several cavities. Also, this does not have to be arranged in a spiral or helical shape around the lost mold 10 but can for example also be configured in a meandering or intersecting manner in a lattice-like manner.
  • the cavity 40 has at least two connection channels 46 and 48 to the outside of the mold, so that it can be connected to a circulation system or a supply system for a cooling medium.
  • a further conduit system 50 is provided in the mold walls, which in turn is guided by connections not shown to the outside and can be connected to a circulation or supply system for a further cooling medium.
  • FIG. 2 the process step of filling the cavity 12 of the lost mold 10 with cast material 54 is shown.
  • the casting material 54 is introduced from below through the gate 20 into the cavity 12 of the lost mold 10 after the mold has been closed by joining the Kokillenhworthn 22 and 24.
  • casting gases in the cavity 12 are led out through the porous structure of the sand mold 10 into the cavity 40 between the inner wall of the mold and the outer wall of the sand mold 10 and from there through the connecting channel 48 from the mold.
  • the connecting channel 48 is marked as an exhaust air duct.
  • the connecting channel 46 is kept closed in this case, for example by means of a plug or a valve (both not shown). However, the casting gas can also be sucked in the opposite direction via the connecting channel 46 or simultaneously via both connecting channels 46 and 48.
  • the lost mold 10 over the cavity 12 for the casting on another cavity in the previously a feeder cap 52 has been used, as in the document DE 10 2010 051 348 A is described.
  • the feeder cap 52 serves to receive casting material 54 and has heat-insulating and / or exothermic properties in order to keep the enclosed casting material liquid for a longer time while it is already beginning to solidify in the cavity 12. The onset of solidification shrinkage of the casting material 54 is thus compensated with the warmer and lower-viscosity melt in the feeder cap 52.
  • the carrying device 14 is designed differently in this example. This has an engaging into the cavity of the feeder cap 52 anchoring element 18, which is sufficiently firmly connected to the feeder cap and / or the mold 10 in order to carry their own weight can. After the introduced casting material 54 is solidified around the anchor member 18 around, the load is also or even predominantly supported by the resulting compound and the casting can be held together with mold 10 on the support device.
  • the gate 20 is closed by means of a locking slide 55, so that the mold with the lost form can be removed from the filling station.
  • FIG. 3 is the process step of cooling the lost mold 10 in the mold after filling, so the primary cooling illustrated.
  • This step preferably begins after the closure of the lost mold 10 by means of the gate valve 55, so that the solidification of the casting material does not start during filling.
  • a cooling medium is introduced through the previously described connection channel 46 into the cavity 40 and out through the connection channel 48 therefrom, whereby heat is removed from the lost mold 10.
  • the cavity 40 in a simple way, the dual function as an exhaust pipe during the in FIG. 2 illustrated casting and as supply and discharge of a cooling medium during the in FIG. 3
  • a valve is preferably provided in each case.
  • the supply lines can thus either be closed, connected to coolant lines or to exhaust pipes.
  • the primary cooling is carried out until the casting is at least partially solidified and the casting 56 has a stable structure.
  • the primary cooling and thus the first cooling stage can take longer. Basically, it makes sense for Efficiency reasons to turn off the primary cooling with the removal of the mold-casting unit from the mold and thus immediacy with the completion of the first cooling stage.
  • FIG. 4 is the subsequent to the primary cooling step of opening the mold illustrated.
  • the two halves 22 and 24 of the mold are moved away from each other, while the lost mold 10 is held suspended from the support device 14.
  • the carrying device 14 corresponds in the embodiment shown here in FIG. 1 shown. Because the cast is already solidified at least partially, particularly at the surface, it has inherent stability so that the load of the mold and cast is supported both through the connection of the support 14 to the mold 10 and to the casting 56 ,
  • the mold is removed without destruction from the mold and fed to the second cooling stage.
  • the mold 10 is transported into a cold room by desirably cooling down further under controlled or at least controlled thermal conditions until the molding temperature, preferably measured at the support 14, has reached the preset value, preferably then the case is when the desired unpacking temperature of For example, it has reached or fallen below 300 ° C. and the further cooling no longer has any influence on the microstructure and the casting properties.
  • FIG. 5 shows the combined lost mold 10 with mold with an alternative embodiment of the carrying device 14. This is simplified in comparison with the two carrying devices described above in that it has only a single anchor element 18, which through the lost mold 10 through into the casting 56th protrudes.
  • the anchor member 18 may be formed so that it is not suitable to carry the mold 10 without a casting, so that it will be handled in other ways when inserted into the mold.
  • structures (hooks or the like), not shown, may be provided along the surface of the anchoring element 18, which provide sufficient connection with the sand mold 10 to withstand the tensile stress of lifting and transporting the empty sand mold 10 to the support 14.
  • the lower end of the anchor member 18 otherwise protrudes into the cavity of the sand mold 10 in the manner already described above, so that it is connected after the solidification of the casting in the manner shown here with the casting 56 and is suitable by means of this connection, the sand mold 10 including casting 56 to wear.
  • FIG. 6 shows a modified embodiment of a combined lost mold 10 with mold again with respect to the carrying device 14.
  • This embodiment combines the two first anchor elements 16, which according to the first embodiment in FIG. 1 extend into the sand mold 10, with a second, passing through the sand mold 10 anchor member 18, that according to the second embodiment in FIG. 2 extends into the casting 56 and then a feeder cap 52 is provided, which is integrated into the sand mold 10 and provides a cavity for the casting material.
  • FIG. 7 shows a fifth embodiment of a combined lost mold 10 with mold, which, for example, from the in FIG. 5 shown embodiment distinguished by additional blind holes 58 in the sand mold 10.
  • the blind hole 58 in the mold 10 opens into a portion of the cavity 40 and thus expands its volume for receiving a cooling medium.
  • the arrangement of the blind holes 58 corresponds to portions of the sand mold 10 having a greater wall thickness to bring the coolant at these locations closer to the surface of the casting 56 or before solidification at the interface of the casting material to the mold 10.
  • a more uniform cooling of the surface of the casting or, if necessary, but also a targeted accelerated cooling of the casting at selected portions of the surface can be achieved with different wall thicknesses of the mold 10.
  • the blind holes and through holes and / or channels may be provided which accelerate the heat exchange and the cooling process at the appropriate points again or allow more precise control. In particular, targeted cooling of larger local masses (thermal centers) and / or local microstructure optimization are thus possible.
  • the method comprises further method steps, which are preceded or followed by the actual casting process. It begins with a core manufacturing step 100 in which the lost mold is in a cold box process, a hot box process, a croning process, a furan resin process or a water glass CO 2 process as a preferably chemically bound sand mold, for example will be produced.
  • This step 100 is preferably carried out under optical monitoring and computer-controlled.
  • Kernemontage 102 takes place.
  • This step may be supplemented, as necessary, by additional core finishing, e.g., depending on mold release mold release requirements and surface finish requirements. by means of a spray robot.
  • the core package assembly 102 is optionally followed by storage 104 of the core package. It is available in the warehouse on call. Depending on the number of pieces, process speed, core manufacturing conditions, and production process requirements, usually a certain number of core packages will be provided, or just-in-time production may be provided at optimum core production conditions without inventory if their production is just as fast or faster than those described below Work steps succeed.
  • the core package is removed from the core storage and fed to the next process step 106.
  • the removal and feeding is again preferably carried out fully automatically by a robot R2.
  • the central module for carrying out the method according to the invention is a so-called production island I1, also referred to as a "carousel", on which at least 5, here 6, of the process steps essential to the invention are executed.
  • a first step 106 the core package is inserted into an open, multi-part mold at a first work station of the production island I1 and this is closed. This is preferably done in the above with reference to FIG. 1 described way.
  • the workstation changes and in a step 108, the cavity of the lost mold with casting material, preferably filled in the low-pressure casting process.
  • the lost mold is closed by means of a gate valve and can then be supplied to the next step 110.
  • the mold changes again to the next workstation at which the first cooling step, so the primary cooling of the mold, and optionally simultaneously or sequentially use the secondary cooling of the mold.
  • the mold or more precisely the connection channels 46 and 48 described above, are connected to a coolant system, preferably to a coolant circuit.
  • conduit system 50 in the mold walls can also be connected to a coolant system, preferably a coolant circuit, and the coolant system (s) can be started.
  • the cooling operations of this operation 110 are carried out particularly preferably controlled by monitoring the casting or mold temperature. This in turn can preferably be measured on the carrying device described above.
  • the cooling takes place in this embodiment, a total of three workstations, including in the steps 112 and 114.
  • the manufacturing island I1 moves so two working positions, so that the previous workstations in the meantime again to perform the steps 106 and 108 To be available.
  • the ratio of the time required for inserting the mold 10 into the mold in step 106 and the filling in step 108 for the duration of the primary cooling process determines the number of workstations reserved for cooling.
  • the mold with the cooled lost mold 10 is subjected to the operation 116, in which the multi-part mold is opened, at the earliest after the casting, as described above, is at least partially solidified.
  • the lost shape on the carrying device becomes suspended in the manner described above taken from the opened mold. This is again done preferably fully automated by means of a robot R3 to ensure a non-destructive removal of the lost form.
  • the robot R3 then transfers the lost form to a cooling line, in which it is still cooled on the carrying device, step 118.
  • step 120 is then carried out, in which the casting is finally demoulded by mechanical removal of the lost mold. This step is also referred to as "emptying" or "gross embarrassment".
  • the casting mold preferably fully automated by means of another robot R4, is fed to a separating station, which as the next step comprises the separation 124 of the feeder and / or the carrying device. This is followed in a conventional manner, the final control 126 and the transfer 128 to the shipping or parts warehouse.

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Procédé de fabrication de moulages de métaux ferreux, dans lequel
    - un moule perdu (10) avec une cavité (12) pour recevoir un matériau coulé (54) est inséré dans une coquille en plusieurs parties ouverte (22, 24) (étape 106),
    - la coquille en plusieurs parties (22, 24) est fermée (étape 106),
    - la cavité (12) du moule perdu est remplie d'un matériau coulé (54), dans lequel un dispositif de support (14) pénétrant partiellement dans la cavité (12) du moule perdu (10) est entouré partiellement du matériau coulé (54) (étape 108),
    - le moule perdu (10) après le remplissage dans la coquille (22, 24) est refroidi (étapes 110, 112, 114),
    - la coquille en plusieurs parties (22, 24) pendant le refroidissement au plus tôt après le passage sous la température du liquidus, de préférence après le passage sous la température du solidus et plus particulièrement de préférence encore avant que la coulée ait atteint la température de transformation eutectoïde, est ouverte et le moule perdu (10) avec la coulée est retiré d'une manière non destructive de la coquille ouverte (étape 116),
    - le moule perdu (10) avec la coulée continue à être refroidi en étant suspendu au dispositif de support (14), au moins jusqu'à ce que la formation de microstructure de la coulée soit achevée (étape 118),
    - la coulée est démoulée par enlèvement du moule perdu (10) (étape 120).
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif de support (14) est inséré ensemble avec un capuchon d'alimentation (52) dans le moule perdu (10), avant que celui-ci soit inséré dans la coquille ouverte.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que la cavité (12) du moule perdu (10) est remplie de matériau coulé (54) du bas en remontant.
  4. Procédé selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que la cavité (12) du moule perdu (10) est remplie dans un procédé de coulée à basse pression.
  5. Procédé selon la revendication 3 ou 4, caractérisé en ce que le moule perdu (10) après le remplissage avec le matériau de coulée (54) est obturé à l'aide d'une vanne d'arrêt.
  6. Procédé selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que la coquille avec le moule perdu (10) et la coulée est évacuée après la fermeture de la station de coulée.
  7. Procédé selon la revendication 5 ou 6, caractérisé en ce que le refroidissement du moule perdu (10) commence après la fermeture du moule perdu.
  8. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le moule perdu (10) est refroidi par un milieu de refroidissement passant par une cavité (40) disposée entre la paroi interne de la coquille (32) et la paroi externe du moule perdu (30) .
  9. Procédé selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que l'écoulement de milieu de refroidissement est régulé en température et / ou a lieu en étant commandé par la masse, par le temps et / ou par module.
  10. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le moule perdu (10) et la coulée (56) en étant suspendus au dispositif de support (14) sont amenés à une enceinte de refroidissement et y sont encore refroidis, facultativement commandés ou régulés sous contrôle de la température.
  11. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la température de coulée est mesurée pendant le refroidissement du moule perdu (10) avant et / ou après l'enlèvement de la coquille (22, 24) sur le dispositif de support (14).
  12. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que pendant le remplissage (108) de la cavité (12) du moule perdu (10) avec le matériau coulé (54), des gaz de coulée sont aspirés par une cavité (40) disposée entre la paroi interne (32) de la coquille (22, 24) et la paroi externe du moule perdu (30).
  13. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la coquille (22, 24) est refroidie après le remplissage (108).
  14. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le moule perdu (10) lors de l'insertion dans la coquille en plusieurs parties ouverte (22, 24) est maintenu dans la coquille au moyen d'une dépression.
  15. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le moule perdu (10) et la coquille présente des éléments d'ajustement (26, 28), qui sont emboités les uns dans les autres lors de l'insertion du moule perdu (10) dans la coquille en plusieurs parties ouverte (22, 24).
EP15753958.6A 2014-09-04 2015-08-26 Procédé de fabrication de pièces coulées en métal ferreux Not-in-force EP3188860B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE102014217701.4A DE102014217701A1 (de) 2014-09-04 2014-09-04 Verfahren zur Herstellung von Metallgüssen
PCT/EP2015/069509 WO2016034467A1 (fr) 2014-09-04 2015-08-26 Procédé de fabrication de pièces coulées en métal ferreux

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EP3188860A1 EP3188860A1 (fr) 2017-07-12
EP3188860B1 true EP3188860B1 (fr) 2018-07-04

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EP (1) EP3188860B1 (fr)
KR (1) KR102139349B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN106715003B (fr)
BR (1) BR112017004311A2 (fr)
DE (1) DE102014217701A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2687103T3 (fr)
MX (1) MX362145B (fr)
WO (1) WO2016034467A1 (fr)

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DE112019004238T5 (de) * 2018-08-24 2021-05-20 Grouper Casting, Llc Formwerkzeug mit hochleistungskühlsystem
CN109849376B (zh) * 2018-12-21 2023-07-04 四川明日宇航工业有限责任公司 一种对半式复材管件成型工装及其脱模方法
CN114247869B (zh) * 2021-12-14 2023-03-24 昆山恒特工业机械有限公司 模具混合冷却结构及具有该冷却结构的低压轮毂模具
CN113953466B (zh) * 2021-12-23 2022-04-05 晋西装备制造有限责任公司 一种高度以及筋板位置均可调的砂箱
DE102021006413A1 (de) * 2021-12-30 2023-07-06 Wolfgang Leisenberg Verfahren und Gießmaschine zur Herstellung von Formteilen
US11766716B2 (en) * 2022-01-04 2023-09-26 GM Global Technology Operations LLC System and method of increasing cooling rate of metal sand casting during solidification
CN114734006B (zh) * 2022-04-20 2023-04-25 辽宁科技大学 一种改善铸锭凝固质量的控制方法
PL441972A1 (pl) * 2022-08-08 2023-07-10 Krakodlew Spółka Akcyjna Sposób pionowego zalewania form wielkogabarytowych masywnych odlewów płytowych
CN118357444B (zh) * 2024-06-19 2024-08-27 江苏奥星机械铸造有限公司 一种自动化铸件冷却脱模装置

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Publication number Publication date
CN106715003B (zh) 2020-03-03
ES2687103T3 (es) 2018-10-23
MX362145B (es) 2018-12-24
US10086430B2 (en) 2018-10-02
BR112017004311A2 (pt) 2017-12-05
US20170355015A1 (en) 2017-12-14
CN106715003A (zh) 2017-05-24
DE102014217701A1 (de) 2016-03-10
EP3188860A1 (fr) 2017-07-12
MX2017002802A (es) 2018-01-12
KR20170049566A (ko) 2017-05-10
WO2016034467A1 (fr) 2016-03-10
KR102139349B1 (ko) 2020-07-29

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