EP3164227B1 - Procédé de peinture et installation de peinture pour la peinture d'éléments décoratifs - Google Patents

Procédé de peinture et installation de peinture pour la peinture d'éléments décoratifs Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3164227B1
EP3164227B1 EP15735854.0A EP15735854A EP3164227B1 EP 3164227 B1 EP3164227 B1 EP 3164227B1 EP 15735854 A EP15735854 A EP 15735854A EP 3164227 B1 EP3164227 B1 EP 3164227B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
drying
component
painting
area
drying unit
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Application number
EP15735854.0A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3164227A2 (fr
Inventor
Hans-Georg Fritz
Benjamin WÖHR
Marcus Kleiner
Timo Beyl
Moritz BUBEK
Jens Eichhorn
Udo Wolf
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Duerr Systems AG
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Duerr Systems AG
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Publication of EP3164227A2 publication Critical patent/EP3164227A2/fr
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B13/00—Machines or plants for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces of objects or other work by spraying, not covered by groups B05B1/00 - B05B11/00
    • B05B13/02—Means for supporting work; Arrangement or mounting of spray heads; Adaptation or arrangement of means for feeding work
    • B05B13/04—Means for supporting work; Arrangement or mounting of spray heads; Adaptation or arrangement of means for feeding work the spray heads being moved during spraying operation
    • B05B13/0431—Means for supporting work; Arrangement or mounting of spray heads; Adaptation or arrangement of means for feeding work the spray heads being moved during spraying operation with spray heads moved by robots or articulated arms, e.g. for applying liquid or other fluent material to 3D-surfaces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D3/02—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by baking
    • B05D3/0254—After-treatment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D3/02—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by baking
    • B05D3/0254—After-treatment
    • B05D3/0263—After-treatment with IR heaters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D3/04—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by exposure to gases
    • B05D3/0406—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by exposure to gases the gas being air
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D3/06—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by exposure to radiation
    • B05D3/061—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by exposure to radiation using U.V.
    • B05D3/065—After-treatment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D3/06—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by exposure to radiation
    • B05D3/061—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by exposure to radiation using U.V.
    • B05D3/065—After-treatment
    • B05D3/067—Curing or cross-linking the coating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D5/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures
    • B05D5/06—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures to obtain multicolour or other optical effects
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D5/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures
    • B05D5/06—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures to obtain multicolour or other optical effects
    • B05D5/061—Special surface effect
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D7/00—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D7/50—Multilayers
    • B05D7/52—Two layers
    • B05D7/53—Base coat plus clear coat type
    • B05D7/534—Base coat plus clear coat type the first layer being let to dry at least partially before applying the second layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D7/00—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D7/50—Multilayers
    • B05D7/52—Two layers
    • B05D7/54—No clear coat specified
    • B05D7/544—No clear coat specified the first layer is let to dry at least partially before applying the second layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D7/00—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D7/50—Multilayers
    • B05D7/52—Two layers
    • B05D7/54—No clear coat specified
    • B05D7/546—No clear coat specified each layer being cured, at least partially, separately
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D7/00—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D7/50—Multilayers
    • B05D7/56—Three layers or more
    • B05D7/57—Three layers or more the last layer being a clear coat
    • B05D7/574—Three layers or more the last layer being a clear coat at least some layers being let to dry at least partially before applying the next layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B13/00—Machines or plants for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces of objects or other work by spraying, not covered by groups B05B1/00 - B05B11/00
    • B05B13/02—Means for supporting work; Arrangement or mounting of spray heads; Adaptation or arrangement of means for feeding work
    • B05B13/04—Means for supporting work; Arrangement or mounting of spray heads; Adaptation or arrangement of means for feeding work the spray heads being moved during spraying operation
    • B05B13/0447—Installation or apparatus for applying liquid or other fluent material to conveyed separate articles
    • B05B13/0452—Installation or apparatus for applying liquid or other fluent material to conveyed separate articles the conveyed articles being vehicle bodies

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a painting method and a painting system for painting a component with a decor, in particular for painting a motor vehicle body component.
  • Another possibility for realizing such a decorative coating is that after the application and baking of the clear lacquer, the desired decor is designed by masking, the free area then being painted automatically or by hand. After this application of the decor, a further clear lacquer layer can then be applied to the decor.
  • the motor vehicle body can be made one after the other run twice through the same paint line or run through two separate lines in succession, applying basecoat and clearcoat. In this case, the partial areas of the motor vehicle body that are not to be painted are masked off.
  • the basecoat and clearcoat layer serving as the background for the decor could be dried and baked in, with the intermediate drying and baking extending over the entire component surface, which would be associated with a correspondingly large expenditure of energy and time.
  • the volatile constituents in the decorative, pattern or contrast layer must be reduced again to such an extent that there are no faults in the clear lacquer layer. According to the state of the art, this means that the entire component has to be run through a dryer again, followed by cooling. This process requires a lot of energy. According to the state of the art, this would be overspray-free Painting processes only allow savings due to the omission of the masking materials.
  • a painting system for painting motor vehicle bodies in which an infrared radiator is arranged to the side of the painting line and dries the sill area of the motor vehicle bodies in order to subsequently be able to apply a decor to the sill.
  • this known painting system is only suitable for decorative painting in the sill area.
  • DE 103 12 381 A1 discloses a drying unit that moves the drying area over the component.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of a correspondingly improved painting process and an improved one To create painting system for painting a component with a decor.
  • This object is achieved by a painting method according to the invention or by a painting system according to the invention.
  • the painting method according to the invention initially provides that at least one layer of paint is applied to the component, which can then serve as the basis for the decor.
  • this lacquer layer is a base lacquer layer, which is known per se from the prior art and therefore need not be described in more detail.
  • the lacquer layer mentioned in the context of the invention is generally not the lowest lacquer layer that is applied to the component.
  • there are preferably further layers of lacquer under this lacquer layer such as, for example, a cathodic dip coating (KTL) or a filler layer.
  • KTL cathodic dip coating
  • the invention with regard to the lacquer layer is not limited to a wet lacquer. Rather, the lacquer layer can also consist of powder lacquer in the context of the invention.
  • the painting method according to the invention provides that a decor with limited surface area (for example decorative strips, graphics, contrast surface or pattern) is applied to the component.
  • the decor is applied to the lacquer layer.
  • the decor is applied directly to the lacquer layer, ie without one in between another layer.
  • Another possibility, on the other hand, provides for the decor to be applied indirectly to the lacquer layer, ie with an additional layer in between.
  • the decoration is applied using a suitable method which is capable of applying a coating agent with a sharp edge and without overspray, as described, for example, in US Pat. B. in the above-mentioned patent application DE 10 2013 002 412.9 is described.
  • the applicator used according to the invention for the application of lacquer could be devices known per se, including atomizers, print heads, nozzle arrangements or the like. In particular, however, it can be a device that is suitable for the above-mentioned painting process, which applies paint or other coating agents with sharp edges and without overspray without any additional aids.
  • decor used in the context of the invention is not limited to the aforementioned decorative, design or decorative strips. Rather, the term decor in the context of the invention also includes graphics, images and the like. Another example of a decor is the painting of a partial surface (for example a roof spar or a roof surface of a motor vehicle body) which is to be painted in a different color than the other motor vehicle body. In general, the term decor includes in the frame According to the invention, any partial surfaces of a component surface which are to be coated with a different coating agent (for example in a different color or in a different degree of gloss) than the rest of the component surface.
  • a different coating agent for example in a different color or in a different degree of gloss
  • cor used in the context of the invention means that the decor only covers a partial area of the component surface, ie not the entire component surface. Furthermore, the term “decor” preferably implies that the decor is not flat throughout, but only covers the component surface in the respective decor details (eg lines).
  • the painting method according to the invention provides that the component is dried in order to reduce the content of volatile constituents in the paint layer or in the decor and to bring it under the residual moisture required for the further painting process.
  • the residual moisture in aqueous coating systems in customary painting processes after intermediate drying is between 5 - 20%, essentially between 8 - 15%.
  • the residual moisture in coating systems based on organic solvents can differ significantly from this, but it plays a rather minor role, since the evaporation is so fast due to the organic solvents that there are no process problems (e.g. stoves or pinholes or matting) due to solvent remaining in the film occur.
  • the painting method according to the invention further provides that the component is only dried in terms of area within a certain drying area that does not cover the entire component surface, the drying area at least partially encompassing the decorative area.
  • the drying step provided according to the invention therefore has one Significantly less time and energy consumption, since not the entire component surface is dried, but only the drying area with limited area.
  • the invention provides that the limited drying area is moved over the component surface.
  • a multi-axis drying robot can be used for this purpose, which moves a drying unit over the component surface in order to dry the component surface in the correct place.
  • the painting process according to the invention is not limited to a specific type of paint (for example aqueous, solvent-based, UV-drying).
  • the lacquer layer is dried on its entire component surface before the decoration is applied. Then the limited-area decor is then applied to the dried lacquer layer. Finally, the decor is then dried, with this drying of the decor taking place within the drying area with a limited area and not encompassing the entire component surface. In this variant of the invention, the saving of time and energy occurs when drying the decor with limited area.
  • different types of drying are to be distinguished, namely on the one hand the drying of the component in terms of area over its entire component surface, which is known from the prior art, and on the one hand the drying of the component within the drying area which is limited in area and is provided according to the invention.
  • the residual moisture level achieved in the area-limited drying is essentially equal to the level of residual moisture achieved in the area-unlimited, conventional drying.
  • drying can be carried out by irradiating the component to be dried with radiation.
  • the radiation can be, for example, electromagnetic radiation, for example microwave radiation, infrared radiation or ultraviolet radiation, or else bombardment with electrons.
  • the electromagnetic radiation can be generated, for example, by light-emitting diodes (LEDs: light-emitting diodes), organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs: organic light-emitting diodes), halogen incandescent lamps or carbon infrared emitters.
  • the electromagnetic radiation can be short-wave with a wavelength in the range of 0.8 ⁇ m-1.2 ⁇ m.
  • the radiation can also be medium-wave with a wavelength in the range of 1.2 ⁇ m -4 ⁇ m.
  • the radiation is long-wave with a wavelength in the range of 4 ⁇ m -10 ⁇ m.
  • the radiation is microwave radiation, which may have a wavelength of the order of a few cm (1-100 cm), for example. It is also possible to dry with UV radiation if the varnishes are suitable.
  • the radiation source itself can also be sharply delimited and / or directed (for example of the type of a laser) in order to irradiate and dry at least a part of the area to be dried.
  • the component can be dried by air drying, for example with cold air (air temperature from 0 ° C to + 40 ° C), warm air (air temperature from + 40 ° C to + 300 ° C) and / or with dry air a relative humidity of less than 20%, 10%, 5% or 1%.
  • cold air air temperature from 0 ° C to + 40 ° C
  • warm air air temperature from + 40 ° C to + 300 ° C
  • dry air a relative humidity of less than 20%, 10%, 5% or 1%.
  • the vacuum drying mentioned above can be carried out, for example, by means of a suction cup which is guided over the component part surface to be dried and which generates a locally limited vacuum.
  • the drying area which is limited in terms of area can be masked by a screen, so that the radiation or an air stream essentially only impinges on the drying area.
  • an air flow can be directed through a diffuser onto the component surface to be dried, so that the air flow impinges diffusely on the component surface to be dried.
  • the diffuser can have a wire mesh, porous sintered metal or porous sintered ceramic, or consist of porous sintered plastic.
  • Radiation drying can advantageously be combined with air drying (cold, warm, dry) and / or vacuum drying.
  • the air flow for drying the component can be directed through at least one nozzle onto the component surface to be dried.
  • a plurality of nozzles are aligned parallel to one another and preferably at right angles to the component surface to be dried.
  • the nozzles are aligned parallel to one another and obliquely to the component surface to be dried.
  • the nozzles on the peripheral edge of the drying area are oriented obliquely inwards and in the middle of the drying area essentially at right angles to the component surface to be dried.
  • the combination of inclined and right-angled nozzles is not limited to the described embodiment. Rather, a large number of variants are possible in which both types of nozzles are arranged on the drying unit in the most varied of ways.
  • the nozzle outlet can be round, oval or slit-shaped.
  • the nozzles can also be diffuse, i. H. be arranged at many different angles and are not subject to symmetry.
  • the component is dried by means of a drying unit which, for example, can emit air or radiation in order to dry the component.
  • a drying unit which, for example, can emit air or radiation in order to dry the component. It is advantageous here if the drying unit has a shape that is adapted to the shape of the component to be dried. For example, the drying unit can therefore have a flat, convex or concave shape.
  • the drying unit is moved together with the applicator along a painting path over the component, in particular by a multi-axis painting robot.
  • a multi-axis painting robot There is the possibility that both the drying unit dries the component and the applicator applies the decor on a common painting line.
  • drying unit is arranged in front of the applicator in the direction of the web, so that the lacquer layer first dries from the drying unit , whereupon the subsequent applicator then applies the decor to the intermediate dried lacquer layer.
  • drying unit it is alternatively also possible for the drying unit to be arranged behind the applicator in the web direction, so that when the applicator moves, the decor is applied first and then the subsequent drying unit dries the previously applied decor with limited area.
  • the decoration is dried and applied on separate movement paths one after the other.
  • a movement path of the drying unit can take place first, the drying unit then drying the lacquer layer with limited surface area.
  • a second movement path then follows, in which the applicator applies the decor.
  • the decor is first applied to the first movement path and then the drying unit dries the decor in the following second movement path.
  • a basecoat is first applied to the component.
  • the basecoat is then dried on the entire component surface, for example by air drying at an air temperature of + 60 ° C to + 80 ° C.
  • the decor is then applied to the intermediately dried basecoat layer.
  • the decoration is then dried in terms of area within the drying area, the drying area at least partially enclosing the decor area.
  • a clear coat is then applied to the basecoat and the decor.
  • the invention also claims protection for a painting installation according to the invention for applying a decorative paint.
  • the painting installation according to the invention has an application device for applying a layer of paint.
  • This application device can be, for example, a conventional painting robot with a rotary atomizer.
  • the painting installation according to the invention has an application device in order to apply the decor, which is limited in area, to the component.
  • This application device can be, for example, a conventional rotary atomizer, but in particular an applicator such as that shown in, for example, FIG DE 10 2013 002 413.7 , DE 10 2013 002 412.9 and DE 10 2013 002 411.0 is described, so that the content of these patent applications is fully attributable to the present description.
  • the invention also comprises a drying unit for drying the component in order to reduce the content of volatile constituents.
  • the painting system according to the invention is now characterized in that the drying device is designed and operated in such a way that the component has only a limited area within a certain drying area is dried, the drying area at least partially encompassing the decorative area.
  • the invention provides that the limited drying area is moved over the component surface.
  • a multi-axis drying robot can be used for this purpose, which moves a drying unit over the component surface in order to dry the component surface in the correct place.
  • drying unit and the application device for applying the decoration are guided together by a multi-axis robot.
  • drying unit on the one hand and the application device for applying the lacquer layer or the application device for applying the decoration on the other hand are guided by separate robots.
  • the Figure 1 shows a painting process for decorative painting in the form of a flow chart.
  • a basecoat layer is applied to the component surface of the component to be painted (e.g. motor vehicle body component).
  • the basecoat layer can be single-layer or consist of two basecoat layers (BC1 + BC2). It should also be mentioned that the basecoat layer can optionally consist of wet paint or powder paint.
  • the basecoat film is preferably applied in a conventional manner using a rotary atomizer or an air atomizer which is guided by a multi-axis painting robot.
  • step ZTR intermediate drying
  • the entire component surface is then intermediate dried.
  • this intermediate drying can be carried out by air drying, for example with an air temperature of + 60 ° C to + 80 ° C.
  • the entire component surface is dried as part of the intermediate drying, for which purpose the component to be dried can be introduced, for example, into a drying chamber, which is known per se from the prior art.
  • a decoration (such as trim, graphics, contrast surface or pattern) is then applied to the component, wherein the decoration is geographically limited to a certain decorative sector and does not extend over the entire component surface: in a step DC (D EcoR C oat DC).
  • PTR P artielles Tr ocknen
  • This area-limited drying can be carried out, for example, by air drying or by irradiation of the component surface, which is known per se from the prior art and is also described in detail later.
  • a clear coat layer is then applied: in a step CC (C lear C oat CC).
  • the clear lacquer layer can have one or more layers.
  • the clearcoat can be a one-component clearcoat or a two-component clearcoat.
  • the component in the field of automotive serial painting, is dried or baked, at least after the last painting step, by a suitable device. If the application of a clear coat is described as the last step, this also includes the drying of this last clear coat, unless air-drying paints (e.g. two-component paints) are used.
  • air-drying paints e.g. two-component paints
  • FIGS. 2A-2E show various embodiments of a drying unit 1 for drying a coating on a component 2, wherein the drying unit 1 can, for example, emit an air flow onto the component surface of the component 2.
  • the individual figures differ here in the shape of the component and the appropriately adapted shape of the drying unit.
  • the drying unit 1 on the one hand and the component 2 on the other hand therefore have complementarily adapted shapes.
  • the component 2 is concave, on the other hand, so that the drying unit 1 is suitably adapted convex.
  • the component 2 has a component edge protruding upwards in the drawing, so that the drying unit 1 is adapted accordingly.
  • drying unit 1 in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG Figure 2E a protruding edge that is perpendicular to the plane of the drawing.
  • Figure 3 shows a cross-sectional view of a component 2 with a basecoat layer 3 and a decor 4 applied to the basecoat layer 3 within a decor area. Furthermore, the drawing schematically shows a drying area 5, the basecoat layer 3 being dried within the drying area 5 with limited surface area.
  • drying area 5 is larger than the decor area of the decor 4 and completely includes the decor area.
  • Figure 4 shows a schematic representation of a drying unit 1 according to the invention, which dries the decor 4 by irradiation, for example by means of infrared radiation.
  • an aperture 6 is also shown, which masks the component surface and only allows the radiation used for drying purposes to pass in the area of the decor 4, so that the drying unit 1 dries the component surface with limited area within the decorative area.
  • Figure 5 shows a further modification with an indication of a distance a between the drying unit 1 and the component surface. This is intended to clarify that the distance a is of essential importance for correct drying.
  • the Figures 6A to 6E show different types of drying units 1.
  • the drying unit 1 emits only electromagnetic radiation (eg infrared radiation) for drying the component surface.
  • electromagnetic radiation eg infrared radiation
  • the drying unit 1 emits only an air stream for air drying the component surface.
  • the embodiment according to Figure 6C combines drying by an air flow and by electromagnetic radiation (eg infrared radiation).
  • electromagnetic radiation eg infrared radiation
  • the drying unit 1 additionally has a vacuum bell 7 which is guided over the component surface in order to dry the component surface by means of vacuum.
  • the drying unit 1 also emits electromagnetic radiation (for example infrared radiation) onto the component surface. This embodiment thus combines vacuum drying with radiation drying.
  • FIG 7 shows a schematic plan view of a drying unit 1 according to the invention for the area-limited drying of a component 2, the drying unit 1 being transported in the direction of the arrow (in other cases, the component 2 could also be transported).
  • the drying unit 1 is located above the component 2 to be dried, so that a dried area 8 of limited width is dried behind the drying unit 1.
  • the Figures 8A-8E show different profiles of a residual moisture level F in the basecoat layer 3 along the width b in FIG. 13.
  • the value F1 denotes the degree of residual moisture which is achieved in the drying according to the invention, which has a limited area.
  • Figure 8A shows a variant of the invention, in which the residual moisture level F1 is significantly greater in the area-limited drying than the residual moisture level F2, which is achieved in the conventional, area-free drying.
  • the residual moisture level F1 is usually too large for a perfect application of a clear coat, but the residual moisture level F1 is sufficiently lower for the application of the decor.
  • Figure 8B shows a variant of the invention, in which the residual moisture level F1 in the area-limited drying is equal to the residual moisture level F2, which is achieved in the conventional, area-free drying.
  • the Figures 9A-9D show different variants of drying units 1 for air drying.
  • the drying unit 1 emits an air flow 9 via a diffuser 10.
  • the diffuser 10 thus ensures that the air flow 9 is diffuse.
  • the air flow 9 is emitted via numerous air nozzles 11, the Air nozzles 11 are aligned parallel to one another and at right angles to the surface of component 2.
  • the air nozzles 11 are oriented slightly obliquely to the surface of the component 2.
  • the air nozzles 11 are in accordance with the embodiment Figure 9D differently aligned. At the edge of the drying area, the air nozzles 11 are oriented obliquely inwards. In the middle of the drying area, on the other hand, the air nozzles are aligned at right angles to the component surface.
  • Figure 10 shows a schematic representation of a painting robot 12 according to the invention with a plurality of robot arms and a highly movable robot hand axis, the painting robot 12 carrying both an applicator 13, preferably of the type described at the outset, and a drying unit 1.
  • the applicator 13 is used to apply the decor and can also be used to apply the basecoat if no other applicator such.
  • B. a rotary atomizer is to be used.
  • the drying unit 1 on the other hand, is used for drying the base lacquer layer or the decoration in terms of area.
  • Figure 11 shows a modification, wherein the painting robot 12 carries only the applicator 13, while the drying unit 1 is guided by an additional multi-axis robot 14.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Robotics (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
  • Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
  • Spray Control Apparatus (AREA)

Claims (14)

  1. Procédé de peinture pour la peinture d'un composant (2) avec une décoration (4), plus particulièrement pour la peinture d'un composant de carrosserie de véhicule automobile, avec les étapes suivantes :
    a) application d'une couche de peinture de base (3) sur le composant (2),
    b) séchage intermédiaire de la couche de peinture de base (3) sur tout le composant (2), plus particulièrement par séchage à l'air, par exemple avec une température d'air de +60 °C à +80 °C,
    c) application d'une décoration (4) limitée en surface sur la couche de peinture de base (3) séchée de manière intermédiaire, plus particulièrement d'une bande décorative, d'un graphisme, d'une surface de contraste ou d'un motif,
    c1) dans lequel la décoration (4) comprend une zone de décoration limitée en surface sur le composant (2) et
    c2) dans lequel la décoration (4) est appliquée par un applicateur qui applique un produit de revêtement avec des bords nets et sans excès de pulvérisation,
    d) séchage limité en surface de la décoration (4) à l'intérieur d'une zone de séchage (5 ; 8) pour la réduction de la teneur en composants volatils, dans lequel
    d1) la zone de séchage (5 ; 8) inclut la zone de décoration,
    d2) le composant (2) n'est séché que de manière limitée en surface à l'intérieur de la zone de séchage (5 ; 8),
    d3) la zone de séchage (5 ; 8) comprend la zone de décoration au moins partiellement et
    d4) la zone de séchage (5 ; 8) est déplacée au-dessus du composant (2), plus particulièrement au moyen d'un robot de séchage multi-axial qui déplace une unité de séchage (1) au-dessus du composant (2),
    e) application d'une couche de vernis sur la couche de peinture de base (3) et sur la décoration (4).
  2. Procédé de peinture selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que a)
    lors du séchage limité en surface du composant (2), un premier taux d'humidité résiduelle (F1) est atteint,
    b) lors d'un séchage non limité en surface du composant (2), un deuxième taux d'humidité résiduelle (F2) est atteint et
    c) le premier taux d'humidité résiduelle (F1) atteint lors du séchage limité en surface est globalement égal au deuxième taux d'humidité résiduelle (F2) atteint lors du séchage non limité en surface ou
    d) le premier taux d'humidité résiduelle (F1) atteint lors du séchage limité en surface est supérieur au deuxième taux d'humidité résiduelle (F2) atteint lors du séchage non limité en surface ou
    e) le premier taux d'humidité résiduelle (F1) atteint lors du séchage limité en surface est inférieur au deuxième taux d'humidité résiduelle (F2) atteint lors du séchage non limité en surface.
  3. Procédé de peinture selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que
    lors du séchage non limité en surface et/ou lors du séchage limité en surface, une humidité résiduelle est atteinte, telle que l'application de peinture suivante permette d'obtenir une surface sans défaut.
  4. Procédé de peinture selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le séchage non limité en surface et/ou le séchage limité en surface a lieu à l'aide d'au moins un des procédés de séchage suivants :
    a) irradiation du composant (2) à sécher avec un rayonnement, plus particulièrement avec un rayonnement électromagnétique, plus particulièrement avec un rayonnement à micro-ondes, un rayonnement infrarouge ou un rayonnement ultraviolet, plus particulièrement au moyen de LED, d'OLED, de lampes halogènes ou d'émetteurs infrarouges carbone, plus particulièrement avec une longueur d'onde de
    a1) 0,8 µm - 1,2 µm,
    a2) 1,2 µm - 4 µm,
    a3) 4 µm - 10 µm ou
    a4) 1 - 100 cm,
    b) irradiation du composant (2) à sécher par un bombardement d'électrons,
    c) séchage à l'air, plus particulièrement
    c1) avec de l'air froid dans un intervalle de températures de 0 °C à +40 °C, plus particulièrement dans un intervalle de températures de +10 °C à +25 °C et/ou
    c2) avec de l'air chaud dans un intervalle de températures de +40 °C à +300 °C, plus particulièrement dans un intervalle de températures de +60 °C à +220 °C, plus particulièrement dans un intervalle de températures de +80 °C à +160 °C et/ou
    c3) avec de l'air sec avec une humidité relative inférieure à 20 %, 10 %, 5 % ou 1 % et/ou
    d) séchage par dépression, dans lequel le composant (2) à sécher est soumis à une dépression.
  5. Procédé de peinture selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que
    a) la zone de séchage limitée en surface (5 ; 8) est masquée par un masque (6), de façon à ce que le rayonnement ou un flux d'air soit appliqué globalement uniquement sur la zone de séchage (5 ; 8) et/ou
    b) le séchage par dépression est effectué au moyen d'une cloche à dépression (7) qui est guidée au-dessus de la surface du composant à sécher et qui génère une dépression limitée localement et/ou
    c) lors du séchage à l'air, un flux d'air (9) est dirigé par un diffuseur (10) vers la surface du composant à sécher, de façon à ce que le flux d'air (9) arrive de manière diffuse sur la surface du composant à sécher et/ou
    d) le diffuseur (10) est un treillis métallique, un métal fritté poreux ou une céramique frittée poreuse ou une matière plastique frittée poreuse et/ou
    e) lors du séchage à l'air, un flux d'air (9) est dirigé par au moins une buse (11) vers la surface du composant à sécher et/ou
    f) l'au moins une buse (11) est orientée perpendiculairement par rapport à la surface du composant à sécher ou
    g) l'au moins une buse (11) est inclinée par rapport à la surface du composant à sécher ou
    h) l'au moins une buse (11) est inclinée vers l'intérieur sur le bord périphérique de la zone de séchage (5 ; 8) et au moins une buse au centre de la zone de séchage (5 ; 8) est orientée globalement perpendiculairement par rapport à la surface du composant à sécher et/ou
    i) les buses sont disposées de manière diffuse sans symétrie avec une pluralité d'angles différents les uns des autres.
  6. Procédé de peinture selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que
    a) le composant (2) est séché au moyen d'une unité de séchage (1),
    b) l'unité de séchage (1) émet de l'air ou un rayonnement,
    c) l'unité de séchage (1) présente une forme qui est adaptée à la forme du composant (2), plus particulièrement avec
    c1) une forme plane de l'unité de séchage (1) et/ou
    c2) une forme convexe de l'unité de séchage (1) et/ou
    c3) une forme concave de l'unité de séchage (1) et/ou
    c4) une forme correspondant à la forme inverse du composant.
  7. Procédé de peinture selon la revendication 6,
    caractérisé en ce que
    a) l'unité de séchage (1) est déplacée conjointement avec l'applicateur (13) le long d'une trajectoire de peinture au-dessus du composant (2), plus particulièrement à l'aide d'un robot de peinture multi-axial (12),
    b) sur une trajectoire de peinture commune, l'unité de séchage (1) sèche le composant (2) tandis que l'applicateur (13) applique la décoration (4) ou
    c) l'unité de séchage (1) sèche d'abord le composant (2) sur une première trajectoire de déplacement puis l'applicateur (13) applique la décoration (4) sur une deuxième trajectoire de déplacement ou
    d) l'applicateur (13) applique d'abord la décoration (4) sur une première trajectoire de déplacement puis l'unité de séchage (1) sèche le composant (2).
  8. Installation de peinture pour la peinture d'un composant (2) avec une décoration (4), plus particulièrement pour la peinture d'un composant de carrosserie de véhicule automobile, avec
    a) un dispositif d'application pour l'application d'une couche de peinture (3) sur le composant (2), plus particulièrement d'une couche de peinture de base (3) et
    b) un dispositif d'application pour l'application de la décoration (4) limitée en surface sur le composant (2), plus particulièrement d'une bande décorative, d'un graphisme, d'une surface de contraste ou d'un motif,
    b1) dans lequel la décoration (4) comprend une zone de décoration limitée en surface sur le composant (2),
    b2) dans lequel le dispositif d'application applique, pour l'application de la décoration, un produit de revêtement avec des bords nets et sans excès de pulvérisation,
    c) une unité de séchage (1) pour le séchage du composant (2) pour la réduction de la teneur en composants volatils, dans laquelle
    c1) l'unité de séchage (1) sèche le composant (2) de manière limitée en surface à l'intérieur d'une zone de séchage (5 ; 8) et
    c2) la zone dé séchage (5 ; 8) comprend la zone de décoration au moins partiellement et
    c3) l'unité de séchage (1) déplace la zone de séchage (5 ; 8) au-dessus du composant, plus particulièrement au moyen d'un robot de séhcgae multi-axial, qui déplace l'unité de séchage (1) au-dessus du composant (1)
    caractérisée en ce que
    d) l'installation de peinture est conçue et adaptée pour exécuter les étapes du procédé de peinture selon l'une des revendications précédentes.
  9. Installation de peinture selon la revendication 8,
    caractérisée en ce que
    a) le dispositif d'application (13) est guidé de manière mobile pour l'application de la couche de peinture (3) et/ou le dispositif d'application (13) est guidé de manière mobile pour l'application de la décoration (4) par un robot de peinture multi-axial (12) et
    b) l'unité de séchage (1) est guidée de manière mobile par un robot de séchage multi-axial.
  10. Installation de peinture selon la revendication 8 ou 9,
    caractérisée en ce que
    a) le dispositif d'application est guidé de manière mobile pour l'application de la couche de peinture (3) et/ou le dispositif d'application est guidé de manière mobile pour l'application de la décoration (4) par un robot de peinture multi-axial (12) et
    b) l'unité de séchage (1) est également montée sur le robot de peinture (12) et est guidée de manière mobile par le robot de peinture (12) et
    c) l'unité de séchage (1) est montée sur le robot de peinture (12), dans la direction du déplacement,
    c1) avant le dispositif d'application (13),
    c2) après le dispositif d'application (13) ou
    c3) avant le dispositif d'application (13) et après le dispositif d'application (13) et/ou
    d) l'unité de séchage (1) d'une part et le dispositif d'application pour l'application de la couche de peinture (3) et/ou le dispositif d'application (13) pour l'application de la décoration (4) d'autre part peuvent fonctionner simultanément et
    e) l'unité de séchage (1) et le dispositif d'application (13) pour l'application de la décoration (4) sont montés sur le robot de peinture (12) de façon à ce que, lors d'un déplacement du robot de peinture (12), la décoration (4) puisse être appliquée et le composant (2) puisse être séché.
  11. Installation de peinture selon l'une des revendications 8 à 10, caractérisée en ce que l'unité de séchage (1) utilise, pour le séchage, un rayonnement ou de l'air et une dépression.
  12. Installation de peinture selon l'une des revendications 8 à 11, caractérisée en ce que l'unité de séchage (1) est dimensionnée et conçue de façon à ce qu'un séchage partiel ou limité en surface puisse être obtenu.
  13. Installation de peinture selon l'une des revendications 8 à 12, caractérisée en ce que l'unité de séchage (1) comprend un masque (6) grâce auquel le rayonnement ou un flux d'air n'atteint globalement que la zone de séchage (5 ; 8).
  14. Installation de peinture selon la revendication 13, caractérisée en ce que, dans l'unité de séchage (1), l'au moins une buse (11) est orientée perpendiculairement par rapport à la surface du composant à sécher.
EP15735854.0A 2014-07-04 2015-07-03 Procédé de peinture et installation de peinture pour la peinture d'éléments décoratifs Active EP3164227B1 (fr)

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DE102014009945.8A DE102014009945A1 (de) 2014-07-04 2014-07-04 Lackierverfahren und Lackieranlage zur Dekorlackierung
PCT/EP2015/001366 WO2016000826A2 (fr) 2014-07-04 2015-07-03 Procédé de peinture et installation de peinture pour la peinture d'éléments décoratifs

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EP3164227A2 (fr) 2017-05-10
KR20170029420A (ko) 2017-03-15
MX2016016175A (es) 2017-10-16
WO2016000826A2 (fr) 2016-01-07
RU2017103639A3 (fr) 2018-08-07
RU2669636C2 (ru) 2018-10-12
CA2948930C (fr) 2023-01-10
RU2017103639A (ru) 2018-08-06
BR112016029222A2 (pt) 2017-08-22
CN106470770A (zh) 2017-03-01
DE102014009945A1 (de) 2016-01-07
KR102585740B1 (ko) 2023-10-10
US20170182516A1 (en) 2017-06-29
ES2805537T3 (es) 2021-02-12
US10933443B2 (en) 2021-03-02
WO2016000826A3 (fr) 2016-03-03
JP2017521247A (ja) 2017-08-03
CN106470770B (zh) 2023-10-17
CA2948930A1 (fr) 2016-01-07
BR112016029222B1 (pt) 2021-11-03

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