EP3110594A1 - Meuleuse et procédé de meulage de pièces comportant des alésages axiaux et des surfaces extérieures planes à usiner des deux côtés - Google Patents

Meuleuse et procédé de meulage de pièces comportant des alésages axiaux et des surfaces extérieures planes à usiner des deux côtés

Info

Publication number
EP3110594A1
EP3110594A1 EP15704788.7A EP15704788A EP3110594A1 EP 3110594 A1 EP3110594 A1 EP 3110594A1 EP 15704788 A EP15704788 A EP 15704788A EP 3110594 A1 EP3110594 A1 EP 3110594A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
grinding
workpiece
clamping
bore
headstock
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP15704788.7A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3110594B1 (fr
Inventor
Erwin Junker
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Erwin Junker Maschinenfabrik GmbH
Original Assignee
Erwin Junker Maschinenfabrik GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Erwin Junker Maschinenfabrik GmbH filed Critical Erwin Junker Maschinenfabrik GmbH
Publication of EP3110594A1 publication Critical patent/EP3110594A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3110594B1 publication Critical patent/EP3110594B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B5/00—Machines or devices designed for grinding surfaces of revolution on work, including those which also grind adjacent plane surfaces; Accessories therefor
    • B24B5/01—Machines or devices designed for grinding surfaces of revolution on work, including those which also grind adjacent plane surfaces; Accessories therefor for combined grinding of surfaces of revolution and of adjacent plane surfaces on work
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B27/00—Other grinding machines or devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B27/00—Other grinding machines or devices
    • B24B27/0061—Other grinding machines or devices having several tools on a revolving tools box
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B41/00—Component parts such as frames, beds, carriages, headstocks
    • B24B41/06—Work supports, e.g. adjustable steadies
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B41/00—Component parts such as frames, beds, carriages, headstocks
    • B24B41/06—Work supports, e.g. adjustable steadies
    • B24B41/067—Work supports, e.g. adjustable steadies radially supporting workpieces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B5/00—Machines or devices designed for grinding surfaces of revolution on work, including those which also grind adjacent plane surfaces; Accessories therefor
    • B24B5/02—Machines or devices designed for grinding surfaces of revolution on work, including those which also grind adjacent plane surfaces; Accessories therefor involving centres or chucks for holding work
    • B24B5/04—Machines or devices designed for grinding surfaces of revolution on work, including those which also grind adjacent plane surfaces; Accessories therefor involving centres or chucks for holding work for grinding cylindrical surfaces externally
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B5/00—Machines or devices designed for grinding surfaces of revolution on work, including those which also grind adjacent plane surfaces; Accessories therefor
    • B24B5/02—Machines or devices designed for grinding surfaces of revolution on work, including those which also grind adjacent plane surfaces; Accessories therefor involving centres or chucks for holding work
    • B24B5/06—Machines or devices designed for grinding surfaces of revolution on work, including those which also grind adjacent plane surfaces; Accessories therefor involving centres or chucks for holding work for grinding cylindrical surfaces internally

Definitions

  • Grinding machines and methods for such grinding, in particular of gear parts for gears or flange parts are known, wherein in these known grinding machines and methods, although a plurality of operations or partial operations are performed on a grinding machine; a complete machining of such workpieces on one and the same grinding machine, however, is not known.
  • the clamping in the counter spindle does not permit machining in the region of the end side, the workpiece to be machined can be held centrically by means of a riding tip, which is attached to one of the tool holders or tool spindle rods. In this case, however, the clamping is retained by the first tool headstock.
  • a separate tailstock is arranged opposite the workpiece piece stock.
  • a wheel headstock with a grinding wheel can grind the outer round machining and with its end faces, if necessary, also flat sides on flanges of the workpiece, but not at the immediate end, which is held by the tailstock.
  • a second tool stick is arranged opposite with respect to the worm spindle and is designed as a Multifu nktio nsei beauty.
  • this multifunction unit carries a bezel and measuring sensors to perform in-process measurements.
  • the multifunction unit carries a dressing unit, so that the grinding wheel, which is located on the opposite wheelhead, can be dressed.
  • the tailstock and the wheelhead are here designed as separate units.
  • the riding tip attached to the tailstock merely serves to center in the event that a so-called center has been previously introduced into the workpiece.
  • An internal grinding device is not described for either the lathe or the grinding machine.
  • DE 10 2005 018 959 B3 describes a method and a grinding tool for internal cylindrical and face grinding of a workpiece in the form of a toothed wheel.
  • an internal rounding of the bore and a subsequent surface grinding of at least one plane surface on one side of the toothed wheel take place with one and the same grinding wheel, which is profiled such that two different conical regions are provided for the respective grinding tasks.
  • a front conical area grinds the inner bore of the gear, whereas a collar-like grinding area, which is offset behind the conical area, is used for the one outer face of the gear.
  • the grinding spindle is set so inclined in accordance with the cone angle that the surfaces of the inner bore are ground coaxially to the central axis of the gear.
  • such an angle of attack is selected for the profiled grinding wheel that the plane surface can be ground perpendicular to the central axis of the gear wheel. Due to the thus profiled grinding wheel, the inner surface of the bore and the plane face on one outer side of the gearwheel can be ground only one after the other. Clamping conditions and facilities for grinding even the ground plan side opposite plan side of the gear are not described.
  • DE 197 53 797 C2 describes a device for grinding workpieces with a workpiece holder and with at least one grinding tool. The workpiece may also be a gear in which the machining of its end surfaces is also realized.
  • Looping can be brought. A grinding of plan pages and counterplan pages on one and the same workpiece is not described.
  • the arrangement of two independent scraper blocks n has the positive consequence that both the outer contours and an inner grinding of the bore is possible at the same time.
  • the known grinding machines and methods for producing corresponding workpieces on these grinding machines have in common that the workpieces to be ground in a machine can not be completely processed.
  • a numerically controlled lathe is described in DE 195 13 963 A1, by means of which workpieces can be processed simultaneously on a workpiece spindle and on a counter spindle inside and outside.
  • the workpiece to be machined is clamped on the so-called workpiece spindle and also on the counterspindle and can be provided with an internal bore with a respective drilling tool, whereby at the same time grinding can also be performed externally by means of tools which are arranged on a tool carrier.
  • the workpiece remains in one and the same clamping in the respective chuck and therefore can not be machined in the clamping area.
  • DE 603 03 672 T2 describes a machine tool by means of which cylindrical and planar outer surfaces as well as bores can be machined on a tool.
  • a number of tool headstocks and a workpiece headstock are provided, so that the various work on the workpiece can be performed.
  • a complete bear Processing is also not possible because the workpiece remains clamped in the chuck during the numerous processing operations to be carried out in the workpiece headstock.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a grinding machine according to the preamble of claim 1 and a method realized thereby, with which workpieces with a central bore and both sides plan and / or non-planar outer surfaces, in particular gears for transmission, high precision and cost complete can be ground in a single grinding machine.
  • This object is achieved by a grinding machine having the features according to claim 1 and by a method having the features according to claim 11.
  • Advantageous developments are defined in the respective dependent claims.
  • the grinding machine according to the invention a complete machining of workpieces is realized, which have at least one central bore and flat and non-planar outer surfaces on both end sides of the workpiece such as flange shafts or gears for transmission.
  • the grinding machine according to the invention has a first grinding spindle stock, on which an outer grinding wheel is arranged for processing the corresponding outer surfaces of the workpiece, a second wheelhead, which carries an inner grinding disc for machining the inner surface of the bore, and a workpiece headstock for clamping the workpiece.
  • the workpiece to be ground is clamped in a chuck of the workpiece headstock, so that the workpiece can be ground on the outer surfaces not covered by the chuck and in the inner surfaces of the bore.
  • both the plan and the non-planar outer surfaces, which have in the direction of the second worm spindle, and the bore can be ground.
  • the workpiece is now clamped so that it is fixed with respect to its spatial arrangement on a central axis of the chuck in a first clamping position.
  • a tensioning device is arranged on or on the second worm spindle, ie the second worm spindle bears such a tensioning device.
  • the clamping device is fixedly connected to the second worm spindle, although it can be moved separately in a controlled manner with respect to the worm spindle with respect to at least one CNC axis.
  • the inner space borne by the worm spindle is
  • machining tool and clamping means are connected to a fixed unit in the sense of a combination unit.
  • it may initially appear disadvantageous to attach an additional clamping device to a worm spindle because the worm spindle as such represents a highly complex and expensive component or a costly expensive assembly, namely, always, when the clamping device is effective, not for its actual task, the grinding, can be used.
  • the second grinding headstock carrying the tensioning device is now movable with respect to the center axis of this tensioning device such that the tensioning device can be introduced into the already ground bore of the workpiece and the workpiece can thus be clamped in a second tensioning position.
  • this second clamping position the center axis of the clamping device and the center axis of the chuck are aligned with each other, wherein both clamping positions exist at least temporarily at the same time.
  • a second plane and / or non-planar outer surface is ground by means of the outer grinding wheel, which points in the direction of the workpiece headstock by the first and the second clamping position so are realized that their central axes are aligned and after the release of the first clamping position, the spatial positioning of the workpiece to be ground with high precision is maintained, a high grinding accuracy can be achieved, namely for the first plan side and the counter plan side, which as the second flat outer surface to understand, which points to the workpiece headstock.
  • the tensioning device is a tensioning dome, which is driven in a CNC-controlled manner in the axial direction and in particular rotatably driven.
  • the mandrel along its longitudinal axis does not have to be moved and only has a rotary drive.
  • the axial movability which then takes place either on the mandrel or through the second grinding spindle stand by means of the Z2 axis, serves to bring the mandrel so far into the central bore of the workpiece for optimum clamping conditions that it is clamped reliably and without the formation of oblique clamping, so that the center axis produced in the workpiece spindle by means of the clamping device there is retained after transfer to the mandrel for the workpiece.
  • the mandrel is formed as a Hydrodehn element.
  • a hydraulic expansion element has a region which can be acted upon by a hydraulic fluid and which is deformable under the effect of a higher pressure of the hydraulic fluid such that the outer surfaces of the tensioning dome abut against the inner surfaces of the bore with such a force that the Workpiece is firmly clamped in the bore.
  • the advantage of a hydrostatic-acting clamping dome is, among other things, that the clamping can be generated in a short time and can be released again in just as short a time.
  • hydraulic tensioning elements have very good values with regard to the precision of the stress.
  • the size of the clamping force can be controlled by the level of the hydraulic fluid pressure.
  • the first wheelhead has two grinding spindle units with respective grinding wheels, by means of which at least the first and the second plane outer surface are grindable on the workpiece.
  • the grinding spindle units can be moved in a CNC-controlled manner in the X1 and 21 axial direction, so that in the X1-Z1 plane any position can be approached with high accuracy in accordance with the grinding conditions.
  • the wheelhead has a B-axis, which is also CNC-controlled and with which the respective grinding wheels on the associated grinding spindles in Schleifeni ngriffsposition on the workpiece are swiveled.
  • the first wheelhead is provided with a dressing spindle, which preferably has a diamond dressing wheel for dressing the inside grinding wheel.
  • a dressing spindle which preferably has a diamond dressing wheel for dressing the inside grinding wheel.
  • the second wheelhead with the grinding spindle unit arranged thereon for the grinding of the inner surfaces of the bore in X2 and Z2-axis direction is CNC-controlled movable.
  • the second Schisifspindeizie together with the clamping device or the mandrel in the X2-Z2 plane is moved so that any required point on the workpiece can be approached.
  • the Werkstü cks headstock on two workpiece spindles each with a chuck, which are arranged 180 degrees opposite to each other.
  • the respective workpiece spindle can be pivoted by means of a rotary unit on the workpiece headstock from a first position, in which at least the first plane outer surface and possibly also the non-planar outer surfaces and the inner surface of the bore of the workpiece to be ground, into a second position, in which the next Workpiece is loaded.
  • a new workpiece still to be ground can be loaded into the workpiece headstock, which is then swiveled 180 degrees into the grinding position.
  • the two grinding headstocks are each arranged on a cross slide, so that a reliable CNC-controlled movement in an X1-Z1 plane and X2-Z2 plane
  • the first grinding spindle unit carries the outer grinding wheel and the second grinding spindle unit the inner grinding wheel, more preferably these two grinding wheels are controlled in such a looped engagement that at least the first plane outer surface and the bore at least temporarily can be sanded at the same time.
  • the cycle time for the production of the workpiece can be reduced, which can be compensated by the time-parallel grinding of the inner surfaces of the bore and the plan and non-planar outer surfaces by means of in particular a profiled grinding wheel by the respective grinding wheels introduced grinding forces at least in some ways increase the accuracy of the grinding result.
  • the method for complete grinding of workpieces, in particular gear wheels for transmissions, having a central bore and planar and non-planar outer surfaces is realized on a previously described grinding machine.
  • a workpiece is first clamped in a workpiece spindle stock. In this clamping position, first outer surfaces on the clamped workpiece and at least temporarily time-parallel inner surfaces in the central bore of the workpiece are finished with an outer grinding wheel by means of an inner grinding wheel.
  • a clamping device which forms a solid unit with a grinding wheel bearing the inner grinding wheel, inserted into the bore of the workpiece and at least temporarily time-parallel to the clamping in the tool headstock clamped the workpiece.
  • the fixed tension by the clamping device is carried out such that the center axes of the chuck of the workpiece headstock and clamping device on the second wheel head are aligned.
  • the position of the workpiece in space from the first clamping position on the istsp i nd elstock is maintained, even if the clamping of the tool spindle is loosened later.
  • a tensioning device with a Schletfspindelstock here provides a highly accurate clamping, ie passing a first clamped with the workpiece headstock workpiece to a made in the central bore of the workpiece second clamping means of the clamping device. This is a complete grinding machining of such workpieces on one and the same grinding machine can be realized with the method according to the invention.
  • the clamping device is hydraulically controlled from its release to its clamping position and vice versa.
  • the hydraulic control of the clamping device for the purpose of clamping as well as for the purpose of release from a clamping position has the advantage that this is realized only by the pressure of the hydraulic fluid and thereby clamping in a short time as well as a release can be realized.
  • the clamping device can also be mechanically, electrically or electromagnetically controlled from its release to its clamping position and vice versa.
  • the manner of the physical principle of the control of the clamping device depends on the particular application, wherein the advantages of the respective physical control principles are known to those skilled in the relevant art.
  • the workpiece headstock is pivoted from a position in which a clamping device holds the workpiece in a grinding position in a loading position after the workpiece has been finished ground, with respect to the first and the second outer surfaces as well as the bore, from which - because the workpiece headstock preferably has two clamping devices - a new workpiece to be ground is pivoted back into a grinding position.
  • cycle time is saved, because with pivoting of a workpiece to be ground in the grinding position, ie in the first clamping position no additional auxiliary times for the clamping of the next workpiece arise.
  • the second flat outer surfaces are ground in straight piercing.
  • the counter-plan has no shoulders or shoulders, which have non-planar surfaces and would preferably be ground with a profiled grinding wheel.
  • the grinding by means of a straight plunge process is preferably realized by using different grinding wheels be used for the outer surfaces on one side of the workpiece and for the outer surfaces on the other side of the workpiece.
  • the first planar and non-planar outer surfaces are ground by means of a profiled grinding wheel.
  • the profiled grinding wheel allows a time-parallel grinding of all first outer surfaces to be ground, which also cycle time can be saved in the manufacture of the workpiece.
  • cooling lubricant is supplied to the inner grinding wheel via the interior of the workpiece headstock. This makes it possible to optimally carry out the grinding process on the inner surfaces of the bore without the coolant lubricant feed lines in the area of the grinding spindles! or internal grinding wheel would be disturbing.
  • the method is preferably designed such that the inner grinding wheel first pre-grinding the bore and then finished grinding.
  • the inner grinding wheel on two grinding areas, which are successively brought into the inner surface of the bore engaged. This eliminates the need for a strapping or a previously used pre-grinding wheel and subsequent use of a finish grinding wheel.
  • Figure 1 a plan view of the grinding machine according to the invention in a schematic representation
  • FIG. 2 shows a partial sectional view of the sectional plane A-A for the workpiece headstock from FIG. 1;
  • Figure 3 in a schematic representation of the simultaneous engagement of a profiled grinding wheel of the first grinding headstock and the inner grinding wheel of the second grinding headstock;
  • FIG. 4 shows a position of the second wheelhead in which the clamping device is aligned with the center axis of the clamping device of the workpiece headstock and is about to be inserted into the bore of the workpiece;
  • FIG. 5 a position of the second following the position according to FIG. 4
  • FIG. 6 shows the workpiece clamped in the bore by means of the clamping device, which undergoes a grinding of the counterplan side in the straight piercing method
  • FIG. 7 shows an enlarged illustration of the grinding of the counterplan side by means of a straight-cut grinding wheel
  • FIG. 8 shows a grinding of the counterplan side by means of an oblique incision grinding method or an oblique incision grinding wheel
  • Figure 9 an internal grinding of the bore of the workpiece by means of an inner Schieiffraction with roughing and finish grinding area with simultaneous supply of cooling lubricant through the workpiece headstock to the grinding point;
  • FIG. 10 shows an inner grinding of the bore with an internal grinding wheel with a roughing and a finished seh leif area during rough grinding in the peel grinding process and finish grinding in the plunge grinding process.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a top view of the grinding machine according to the invention, which also carries out the method according to the invention.
  • a first wheelhead 2, a second wheelhead 17 and a workpiece headstock 9 are arranged, which are present in a defined relationship to each other.
  • the first wheelhead 2 carries a first grinding spindle 3, to which a grinding wheel 3.1 is arranged.
  • a further grinding spindle 4 is mounted, which receives a further grinding wheel 4.1.
  • the grinding wheel 4.1 is profiled and serves the grinding of the first flat outer surfaces 14.1 and the non-planar outer surfaces 14.4 of a workpiece 14, which is clamped in a clamping device 12 of a first workpiece spindle 10, which via a CNC-controlled axis C1, the workpiece 14 in rotation added.
  • the profiled grinding wheel 4.1 is brought into grinding engagement with the workpiece 14 by means of the CNC-controlled axes X1 and Z1 of the first grinding spindle unit 2.
  • the first wheelhead 2 also has a B-axis running vertically in the plane of the drawing, so that the profiled grinding wheel 4.1 or the grinding wheel 3.1 can be brought into engagement with the workpiece by means of a pivotal movement about the B-axis of the wheelhead 2.
  • the grinding wheel 3.1 is provided for grinding the second flat outer surface 14.2 on the workpiece.
  • the second planar outer surface 14.2 is clamped within the clamping device 12 of the workpiece spindle 10 and therefore can not be ground during this clamping.
  • the profiled grinding wheel 4.1 is now configured and can be brought into looping engagement with the outer contour to be ground, that at least partially parallel to the time Grinding wheel 19.1, which is arranged on the second wheelhead 17 with the grinding spindle 19, can be introduced into the bore 14.3 of the workpiece 14, so that the bore 14.3 of the workpiece can be finished, without losing tact time.
  • the Schlerfoperationen be performed on the outer surfaces and on the inner surface sequentially.
  • the second wheelhead 17 is formed as a combination unit by an additional clamping device 20 is mounted on the grinding spindle, which on the one hand by means of the CNC axes X2 and Z2 with the wheelhead 17 in the X2-Z2-plane is movable, in addition, the clamping device 20 can experience an axial displacement 21 along a central axis 20.1.
  • the wheelhead 17 is moved in the X2 direction with respect to its central axis so that the central axis 20.1 of the clamping device 20 coincides with the central axis 10.1 of the workpiece spindle 10 of FIG Workpiece headstock 9 is aligned.
  • the clamping device 20 is retracted into the bore 14.3 and receives the workpiece in the form of a clamping.
  • the workpiece is tensioned both in the clamping device 12 of the workpiece headstock 9 as well as with the clamping by the clamping device 20.
  • the clamping device 12 of the workpiece headstock 9 is released and the second wheelhead 17 is moved.
  • the grinding wheel 3.1 is designed as a flat grinding wheel, so that the second plane outer surface 14.2 is produced in the way of the straight line piercing. This makes it possible to finish a workpiece, in particular in the form of a gear for gears, in one and the same grinding machine with respect to the front as well as the rear outer sides and the inner surfaces of the bore. In this way it can be ensured that the individual ground parts are manufactured on the workpiece in small dimensional, positional and form tolerances to each other.
  • the workpiece headstock 9 is now designed so that there are two spindles, which are arranged in a 180 ° arrangement opposite to the workpiece headstock 9.
  • the workpiece headstock 10 In the drawing on the right side of the workpiece headstock 10 is provided with its central axis 10.1 and the clamping device 12 attached thereto.
  • the second workpiece spindle 11 On the left in the figure 1 Side is the second workpiece spindle 11 with its central axis 11.1 and the clamping device 13 is provided.
  • the workpiece spindle has clamped a straight ground or finished workpiece 14 with its clamping device 12
  • a not yet ground workpiece 15 is already clamped to the second workpiece spindle 11, ie with its clamping device 13.
  • the workpiece 15 can be driven by the second workpiece spindle 11 by means of a CNC controlled axis C2.
  • the workpiece headstock 9 is now arranged so pivotable that the newly recorded in the loading position first workpiece 15 can be moved to a grinding position. This is done because of the double workpiece spindle assembly on the workpiece headstock 9 in a very short time. This ensures that the non-productive times in the grinding machine are minimized.
  • a dressing spindle 16 with a dressing wheel 16.1 is additionally attached by means of which the grinding wheels 3.1 and 4.1 of the first grinding headstock can be dressed.
  • the first wheelhead 2 has a further dressing spindle 5 with a diamond dressing wheel 6, by means of which the internal grinding wheel 19.1, which is also referred to as a grinding dome, can be dressed.
  • the pivoting of the raw workpieces from the loading position lasts with the present workpiece headstock 9, for example, less than 2 seconds.
  • the loading into the chuck 13 is uncritical in terms of the time required for it, as it can be realized in any case in a shorter time than the grinding time for the complete grinding of the workpiece 14 requires it. In any case, loading into a chuck with spans and the corresponding handling movements can usually take place in a time of approximately 8 seconds. Since this takes place in the off time, that is, in a time in which the workpiece 14 is processed, the entire cycle time for a workpiece can be further reduced, which has a favorable effect on the manufacturing cost of the workpieces.
  • Figure 2 shows in a partial section along the plane AA according to Figure 1, as the arrangement of the two workpiece spindles 10, 11 is carried out on the workpiece headstock 9.
  • the two workpiece spindles 10, 11 are pivotable by means of a rotary unit 23 from a grinding position, which corresponds to the arrangement of the workpiece 14 in FIG. 2, into a loading position, which corresponds to the workpiece 15 in FIG. 2.
  • the two workpiece spindles 10, 11 can thus be alternately brought into the processing position.
  • the machine bed 1 is shown in this partial sectional view AA of the workpiece headstock.
  • a greater precision can be achieved in the grinding operation with respect to the achievable maximum dimensional and form accuracies on the finished-ground workpiece.
  • a loading of the workpiece spindle 11 or the clamping device 13 with a new raw workpiece 15 is performed on the workpiece 14 during the grinding process. This means that loading takes place during grinding.
  • the loading movements are programmed such that the loading cycle, for example, does not coincide with the time at which the finished dimension on the workpiece 14 is reached.
  • This special programming makes it possible to further optimize the achievable quality on the workpiece 14 in the grinding machine.
  • the loading and unloading of the workpiece is thus carried out in the so-called auxiliary time.
  • FIG. 3 is an enlarged partial view of the portion of the grinding machine shown in Figure 1, showing the workpiece headstock 10 with clamped workpiece 14, in which the grinding wheel 4.1 is engaged with this and the inner grinding wheel 19.1 for grinding the inner surface of the bore 14.3 on second wheelhead 19 is also engaged.
  • a clamping device 20 preferably in the form of a mandrel is mounted, which is shown in the portion of the headstock 17 shown in partial section.
  • the mandrel is automatically axially displaceable (21) and rotationally driven. Due to the possibility that the second wheelhead 17 is designed to be movable along its X2 and Z2 axes, the tensioning mandrel 20 can be aligned with its center axis 20.1 in alignment with the central axis 10.1 of the workpiece spindle 10 and in this position with respect to the positional position of the workpiece realize in the space identical clamping to the clamping by the workpiece spindle 10 with the chuck 12. In this way, a high precision of the machining of the workpiece is possible because for each of the two clamping the same position of the workpiece is reduced with respect to the central axis in the tensioned state.
  • CBN coating wherein preferably ceramic-bonded CBN coating is used. is set.
  • abrasives such as corundum or other bonds of the CBN pads are possible, the respective optimal abrasive coatings are selected depending on the processing task.
  • a clamping element 25 is indicated at its end region, which is provided for the actual clamping of the workpiece 14 in the bore 14.3, which is automatically opened or closed by the grinding program. that is stretched.
  • a hydrodynamic tensioning element is shown.
  • Such a hydraulic expansion clamping element is stretched by the application of a hydraulic fluid for activating the clamping.
  • the pressure of the hydraulic fluid is correspondingly reduced.
  • other clamping elements are possible such as collets or even an inner chuck, ie a mechanical lining.
  • FIG. 4 after finishing has been completed, the flat and non-planar outer surfaces 14.1, 14.4 and the inner surfaces of the bore 14.3 of the workpiece 14 have been completed, and the grinding spindle support 17 has been moved via its CNC-controlled axes such that the inner grinding wheel 19.1 runs parallel to the Central axis 10.1 of the workpiece spindle is arranged such that the clamping dome 20 is located immediately in front of the bore 14.3 of the workpiece 14 to ultimately according to its axial displacement 21 can be introduced for the purpose of clamping in this bore 14.3.
  • the geometry of the workpiece spindle 10 as well as the grinding spindle 19 for the inner grinding wheel 19.1 is chosen so that there are no interference contours between the workpiece headstock and the grinding spindle 19 or inner grinding wheel 19.1.
  • FIG. 5 the torque is now shown with respect to FIG. 4, in which the clamping dome 20 is inserted into the bore 14.3 after its axial displacement 21 and holds the workpiece 14 clamped there.
  • the clamping is realized so that the center axis of the clamping dome 20.1 with the central axis 10.1 of the workpiece spindle 10 is aligned exactly.
  • the workpiece with both the chuck 12 of the workpiece spindle 10 and with the mandrel 20 of the wheelhead 17 is so to speak twice clamped. Only when the complete clamping of the workpiece 14 by means of the clamping dome 20 in the bore 14.3 is done, the chuck 12 can be detached from the workpiece 14 and the grinding headstock 17 are moved along its CNC-controlled axis, in Figure 5 to the right.
  • the re-clamping and the transfer of the workpiece 14 from the chuck 12 to the mandrel 20 can take place with the workpiece spindle 10 stationary or rotating.
  • the mandrel 20 must rotate at the same speed and the same direction of rotation.
  • the transformer time can be optimized.
  • the wheelhead 17 has been moved with the workpiece 14 (see FIG. 6)
  • the second flat outer surface 14.2 can be ground with the outer disk 3.1, which is held on the associated grinding spindle 3 and driven by it. Since the workpiece 14 is now completely and reliably clamped with the clamping dome 20 in the inner bore of the workpiece by means of the hydraulic expansion clamping element 25.
  • the second plane outer surface 14.2 is ground at equally driven outer grinding wheel 3.1.
  • the inner grinding wheel 19.1 has moved with its grinding spindle 19 in this position so to speak to the side and has been disengaged.
  • the mandrel is designed so that its concentricity errors generally have only a few pm.
  • non-planar outer surfaces can be ground on the counter-plan side 14.2.
  • a profiled grinding wheel is used, to be precise in the manner of the outer grinding wheel 4.1 illustrated in FIG.
  • FIG. 7 shows an enlarged representation of the processing situation according to FIG. 6, with the second planar outer surface 14.2 additionally being discontinued.
  • both parts of the flat outer surface 14.2 can be reliably ground with the flat grinding wheel 3.1.
  • the position for grinding the second planar outer surface 14. 2 is shown analogously to FIG. 6, but by means of an outer grinding disk 3. Grinding method is used.
  • This outer grinding wheel 3.1 is then arranged under the corresponding arrangement with its grinding spindle 3 on the first wheelhead 2 (not shown here).
  • additional non-planar outer surfaces on the counterplan side ie optionally cylindrical or conical sections on the workpiece on its second side, for which either the outer grinding wheel 3.1 or a profiled grinding wheel illustrated in FIG 3 embodiment, but are used under a different angular arrangement or delivery.
  • the counterplan side is machined by means of straight-cut grinding or bevel grinding depends on the required grinding task and of course also on the geometry of the workpiece 14.
  • the grinding machine according to the invention can accordingly be adapted individually to the workpiece and the grinding, without the basic construction shown in FIG. 1 being different.
  • FIG. 9 shows a further preferred embodiment of the grinding machine when grinding the bore 14.3 of the workpiece 14 by means of the inner grinding wheel 19.1.
  • the outer grinding wheel 4.1 (see FIG. 3) has been omitted here.
  • the inner grinding wheel 19.1 is designed as a grinding dome and has two grinding areas 19.1.1 and 19.1.2 with different grinding pads.
  • the first, leading abrasive coating 19.1.1 is used for pre-grinding the inner surfaces of the bore 14.3, and the second, trailing Abrasive 19.1.2 is used for finish grinding of the bore.
  • the grinding headstock 17 is adjusted with the grinding spindle 19 transversely to the central axis corresponding to the X2 axis and this second grinding area 19.1.2 retracted into the bore for finish grinding.
  • the first Schieif Scheme 19.1.1 then projects into the space inside the workpiece spindle 10.
  • the roughing wheel should be the one which is farthest from the bearing of the spindle.
  • Such two-stage internal grinding wheels 19.1 are used above all when the bore 14.3 of the workpiece 14 has, for example, increased grinding allowances or the grinding allowances from the preliminary machining fluctuate greatly. This pre-grinding can also be advantageous, depending on which material is to be machined.
  • an abrasive coating 19.1.2 is used with ceramic bonded CBN for finish grinding, so that correspondingly good surface finishes and high accuracy can be achieved.
  • an abrasive coating 19.1.1 with electroplated CBN coating can also be used. be set.
  • Abrasive wheels with electroplated CBN generally have higher machining performance, making them particularly suitable for roughing operations. In such a two-stage internal grinding wheel 19.1, the optimization of the grinding process and the achievable accuracy with the same technical machine design is possible.
  • cooling lubricant 26 be supplied during grinding of the engaged grinding wheel 19.1.
  • the cooling lubricant 26 is supplied via the interior of the workpiece spindle 10 and fed to the actual grinding engagement.
  • the front part, i. the roughing area 19.1.1 of the inner grinding wheel 19.1 have a conical attachment for improved distribution of the cooling lubricant 26.
  • such a tapered attachment does not have to be present.
  • the advantage of such a tapered attachment 27 at the front end of the inner grinding wheel 19.1 is a lower turbulence of the cooling lubricant 26 in the supply to the grinding point, whereby the supply of the grinding zone with cooling lubricant and thus the grinding conditions are improved. As a result, this has a positive effect on the accuracy of the grinding result and the surface quality on the finished ground workpiece.
  • FIG. 10 shows a further preferred embodiment analogous to that shown in FIG. 9, in which the inner grinding wheel 19.1 is likewise provided in two stages with a first, leading grinding area 19.1.1 and a second, trailing grinding area 19.1.2.
  • the first, leading grinding area 19.1.1 has a larger diameter than the second, trailing grinding area 19.1.2.
  • the first grinding area 19.1.1 is significantly narrower than the second grinding area 19.1.2 executed, since with the roughing 19.1.1 by way of peeling sanding ens a relatively large oversize is sanded, which is expediently used as abrasive coating CBN.
  • the inner grinding wheel 19.1 is moved so far into the hole with its second grinding area 19.1, that by means of internal cylindrical grinding, in particular also the plunge grinding, the bore can be finished ground.
  • the first grinding region 19.1.1 is moved so far into the free space within the workpiece spindle 10 that the second grinding region 19.1.2 can be delivered via the X2 axis of the grinding spindle 19 to the inner surface of the bore 14.3 to be ground.
  • the front grinding area 19.1.1 of the inner grinding wheel 19.1 likewise has a conical attachment 27, which serves for the more uniform distribution of the cooling lubricant 26 to the respective grinding engagement point.
  • the indicated in the chuck 12 on the jaws arrows are intended to express that the chuck holds the workpiece 14 in the clamped state, so as long as the surfaces to be ground are processed.
  • the pre-grinding can be optimized by the rough grinding with the first grinding area 19.1.1 with feed direction of the inner grinding wheel 19.1 in the direction of the chuck 12 on the clamped workpiece 14, the grinding time on the workpiece in such a way that the .Einfahrieri '' of the grinding pin 19.1 is already used for pre-grinding.
  • This embodiment allows that the second grinding area 19.1.2 of the inner grinding wheel 19.1 can be finish ground with a very small grinding allowance. As a result, the total grinding time for the bore 14.3 overall can be optimized.
  • the high precision fixture uses the advantages of the high stability grinding spindle for both parts of the combined unit.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Grinding Of Cylindrical And Plane Surfaces (AREA)
  • Grinding-Machine Dressing And Accessory Apparatuses (AREA)
  • Finish Polishing, Edge Sharpening, And Grinding By Specific Grinding Devices (AREA)
  • Constituent Portions Of Griding Lathes, Driving, Sensing And Control (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une meuleuse destinée à l'usinage complet de pièces, destinées en particulier à des roues dentées de boîtes de vitesses, des deux côtés plats et dans un alésage central sur la même machine, ainsi qu'un procédé mis en œuvre sur la meuleuse. La meuleuse comporte une poupée porte-pièce et deux poupées porte-meule, la première poupée porte-meule comportant deux broches porte-meule pourvue chacune d'une meule servant à meuler les premier et deuxièmes surfaces extérieures planes et les surfaces extérieures non planes et la seconde poupée porte-meule comportant une broche porte-meule pourvue d'une meule servant à meuler l'alésage central de la pièce. La deuxième poupée porte-meule comporte, dans une unité d'appareil, en outre un moyen de serrage, se présentant en particulier sous la forme d'un mandrin de serrage, qui serre la pièce dans l'alésage une fois que le meulage de l'alésage est terminé. La meuleuse est maintenant conçue de façon à meuler tout d'abord la première surface extérieure plane et éventuellement la surface extérieure non plane présente sur un côté de la pièce ainsi que l'alésage, le meulage de l'alésage et de la première surface extérieure étant effectué au moins temporairement en parallèle, suivi du serrage de la pièce avec le moyen de serrage dans l'alésage. Puis, on libère le serrage au moyen de la poupée porte-meule de façon à pouvoir meuler au moyen de l'une des meules de la première broche porte-meule la seconde surface extérieure plane, désormais libérée, dans la même meuleuse. Le serrage avec le moyen de serrage monté sur la seconde poupée porte-meule est maintenant effectué de façon à aligner exactement l'axe central du moyen de serrage avec l'axe central de la poupée porte-pièce, ce qui permet d'obtenir un serrage précis en position même en cas de serrage variable dans la meuleuse.
EP15704788.7A 2014-02-25 2015-02-13 Meuleuse et procédé de meulage de pièces comportant des alésages axiaux et des surfaces extérieures planes à usiner des deux côtés Active EP3110594B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102014203402.7A DE102014203402B3 (de) 2014-02-25 2014-02-25 Schleifmaschine und verfahren zum schleifen von axialen bohrungen und beidseitig zu bearbeitende plane aussenflächen aufweisenden werkstücken
PCT/EP2015/053121 WO2015128210A1 (fr) 2014-02-25 2015-02-13 Meuleuse et procédé de meulage de pièces comportant des alésages axiaux et des surfaces extérieures planes à usiner des deux côtés

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EP3110594A1 true EP3110594A1 (fr) 2017-01-04
EP3110594B1 EP3110594B1 (fr) 2018-01-31

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EP (1) EP3110594B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP6469715B2 (fr)
CN (1) CN106061676B (fr)
BR (1) BR112016017435B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102014203402B3 (fr)
ES (1) ES2664172T3 (fr)
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WO (1) WO2015128210A1 (fr)

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Publication number Publication date
CN106061676A (zh) 2016-10-26
DE102014203402B3 (de) 2015-07-09
JP2017510468A (ja) 2017-04-13
RU2016137818A (ru) 2018-03-29
WO2015128210A1 (fr) 2015-09-03
ES2664172T3 (es) 2018-04-18
RU2663503C2 (ru) 2018-08-07
JP6469715B2 (ja) 2019-02-13
EP3110594B1 (fr) 2018-01-31
RU2016137818A3 (fr) 2018-06-28
US20170252886A1 (en) 2017-09-07
BR112016017435B1 (pt) 2021-01-26
US10058968B2 (en) 2018-08-28
CN106061676B (zh) 2019-03-15

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