EP3110594B1 - Meuleuse et procédé de meulage de pièces comportant des alésages axiaux et des surfaces extérieures planes à usiner des deux côtés - Google Patents

Meuleuse et procédé de meulage de pièces comportant des alésages axiaux et des surfaces extérieures planes à usiner des deux côtés Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3110594B1
EP3110594B1 EP15704788.7A EP15704788A EP3110594B1 EP 3110594 B1 EP3110594 B1 EP 3110594B1 EP 15704788 A EP15704788 A EP 15704788A EP 3110594 B1 EP3110594 B1 EP 3110594B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
grinding
workpiece
headstock
bore
clamping
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Application number
EP15704788.7A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3110594A1 (fr
Inventor
Erwin Junker
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Erwin Junker Maschinenfabrik GmbH
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Erwin Junker Maschinenfabrik GmbH
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B5/00—Machines or devices designed for grinding surfaces of revolution on work, including those which also grind adjacent plane surfaces; Accessories therefor
    • B24B5/01—Machines or devices designed for grinding surfaces of revolution on work, including those which also grind adjacent plane surfaces; Accessories therefor for combined grinding of surfaces of revolution and of adjacent plane surfaces on work
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B27/00—Other grinding machines or devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B27/00—Other grinding machines or devices
    • B24B27/0061—Other grinding machines or devices having several tools on a revolving tools box
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B41/00—Component parts such as frames, beds, carriages, headstocks
    • B24B41/06—Work supports, e.g. adjustable steadies
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B41/00—Component parts such as frames, beds, carriages, headstocks
    • B24B41/06—Work supports, e.g. adjustable steadies
    • B24B41/067—Work supports, e.g. adjustable steadies radially supporting workpieces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B5/00—Machines or devices designed for grinding surfaces of revolution on work, including those which also grind adjacent plane surfaces; Accessories therefor
    • B24B5/02—Machines or devices designed for grinding surfaces of revolution on work, including those which also grind adjacent plane surfaces; Accessories therefor involving centres or chucks for holding work
    • B24B5/04—Machines or devices designed for grinding surfaces of revolution on work, including those which also grind adjacent plane surfaces; Accessories therefor involving centres or chucks for holding work for grinding cylindrical surfaces externally
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B5/00—Machines or devices designed for grinding surfaces of revolution on work, including those which also grind adjacent plane surfaces; Accessories therefor
    • B24B5/02—Machines or devices designed for grinding surfaces of revolution on work, including those which also grind adjacent plane surfaces; Accessories therefor involving centres or chucks for holding work
    • B24B5/06—Machines or devices designed for grinding surfaces of revolution on work, including those which also grind adjacent plane surfaces; Accessories therefor involving centres or chucks for holding work for grinding cylindrical surfaces internally

Definitions

  • Grinding machines and methods for such grinding, in particular of gear parts for gears or flange parts are known, wherein in these known grinding machines and methods, although a plurality of operations or partial operations are performed on a grinding machine; a complete machining of such workpieces on one and the same grinding machine, however, is not known.
  • first workpiece spindle in which position the external machining and the clamping point of the opposite end of the workpiece can be processed.
  • a workpiece can be transferred to an opposing second workpiece spindle, a so-called counter spindle, so that the second, initially clamped end side of the workpiece can be processed. If the clamping in the counter spindle does not permit machining in the region of the end side, the workpiece to be machined can be held centrically by means of a riding tip, which is attached to one of the tool holders or tool spindle rods. In this case, however, the clamping is retained by the first tool headstock.
  • a separate tailstock is arranged opposite the workpiece headstock.
  • a grinding headstock with a grinding wheel can grind the external surface finish and with its end faces, if necessary, also flat sides on flanges of the workpiece, but not at the immediate end, which is held by the tailstock.
  • a second tool stick is arranged opposite to the wheelhead and is designed as a multifunction unit.
  • this multifunction unit carries a bezel and measuring sensors to perform in-process measurements.
  • the multifunction unit carries a dressing unit, so that the grinding wheel, which is located on the opposite wheelhead, can be dressed.
  • the tailstock and the wheelhead are here designed as separate units.
  • the Reitspitze mounted on the tailstock is only a centering in the event that previously a so-called center has been introduced into the workpiece. An internal grinding device is not described for either the lathe or the grinding machine.
  • such an angle of attack is selected for the profiled grinding wheel that the plane surface can be ground perpendicular to the central axis of the gear wheel.
  • the inner surface of the bore and the flat surface on the one outer side of the gear can be ground only one after the other. Clamping conditions and facilities for grinding even the ground plan side opposite plan side of the gear are not described.
  • a device for grinding workpieces with a workpiece holder and with at least one grinding tool is described.
  • the workpiece may also be a gear in which the machining of its end surfaces is also realized.
  • the workpiece is clamped in a clamping device of the tool holder, and there are successively the machining operations for the inner diameter as well as the outer contours, ie the planets.
  • the workpiece is unloaded from the machine by means of a transfer device. A grinding of the counter plan side is not described in this known machine.
  • the grinding of holes, outer circumferential and flat outer surfaces is realized by appropriate grinding wheels, which can be brought on separate grinding spindle sticks in CNC-controlled looping.
  • a grinding of plan pages and counterplan pages on one and the same workpiece is not described.
  • the arrangement of two independent grinding headstocks has the positive consequence that both the outer contours and an internal grinding of the bore is possible at the same time.
  • the known grinding machines and methods for producing corresponding workpieces on these grinding machines have in common that the workpieces to be ground in a machine can not be completely processed.
  • DE 603 03 672 T2 is a machine tool described by means of which on a tool cylindrical and flat outer surfaces as well as holes can be edited.
  • a number of tool headstocks and a workpiece headstock are provided, so that the various work on the workpiece can be performed.
  • a complete machining is also not possible because the workpiece remains clamped during the many processing operations to be performed in the workpiece headstock in the chuck.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a grinding machine according to the preamble of claim 1 and a method realized thereby, with which workpieces with a central bore and both sides plan and / or non-planar outer surfaces, in particular gears for transmission, high precision and cost complete can be ground in a single grinding machine.
  • the grinding machine according to the invention a complete machining of workpieces is realized which have at least one central bore and flat and non-planar outer surfaces on both end sides of the workpiece, such as flange shafts or gears for transmission.
  • the grinding machine according to the invention has a first wheelhead, on which an outer grinding wheel is arranged for machining the respective outer surfaces of the workpiece, a second wheel head, which carries an inner grinding wheel for machining the inner surface of the bore, and a workpiece headstock for clamping the workpiece.
  • the workpiece to be ground is clamped in a chuck of the workpiece headstock, so that the workpiece can be ground on the outer surfaces not covered by the chuck and in the inner surfaces of the bore.
  • a tensioning device is arranged on or on the second wheelhead, ie the second wheelhead carries such a tensioning device.
  • the tensioning device is fixedly connected to the second wheelhead, although it can also be moved in a controlled manner with respect to at least one CNC axis to the wheelhead.
  • the inside grinding wheel carried by the grinding headstock is the working tool, and according to the invention, the working tool and the clamping means are connected together to form a fixed unit in the sense of a combination unit.
  • the second grinding headstock carrying the tensioning device is now movable with respect to the center axis of this tensioning device such that the tensioning device can be introduced into the already ground bore of the workpiece and the workpiece can thus be clamped in a second tensioning position.
  • this second clamping position the center axis of the clamping device and the center axis of the chuck are aligned with each other, wherein both clamping positions exist at least temporarily at the same time.
  • a second plane and / or non-planar outer surface is ground by means of the outer grinding wheel, which points in the direction of the workpiece headstock.
  • first and the second clamping position are realized so that their central axes are aligned and the spatial positioning of the workpiece to be ground with high precision is maintained after release of the first clamping position, a high grinding accuracy can be achieved, namely for the first plane side and Counterplan side, which is to be understood as the second plane outer surface, which points to the workpiece headstock.
  • the tensioning device is a tensioning dome, which is driven in a CNC-controlled manner in the axial direction and in particular rotatably driven.
  • the mandrel along its longitudinal axis does not have to be moved and only has a rotary drive.
  • the axial movability which then takes place either on the mandrel or by the second wheelhead by means of the Z2 axis, is used to retract the mandrel so far for optimal clamping conditions in the central bore of the workpiece that this is clamped reliably and without the formation of Schräginpositionen so that the center axis produced in the workpiece spindle by means of the clamping device there is retained after transfer to the mandrel for the workpiece.
  • the mandrel is formed as a Hydrodehn element.
  • a hydraulic expansion element has an area to be acted upon by a hydraulic fluid, which under the action of a higher pressure of the hydraulic fluid is deformable so that the outer surfaces of the mandrel bear against the inner surfaces of the bore with such a force that the workpiece is in the bore is firmly clamped.
  • the advantage of a hydrostatically acting mandrel is, inter alia, that the clamping generated in a short time and can be solved in a very short time again.
  • hydraulic tensioning elements have very good values with regard to the precision of the stress.
  • the size of the clamping force can be controlled by the level of the pressure of the hydraulic fluid.
  • the first wheelhead has two grinding spindle units with respective grinding wheels, by means of which at least the first and the second plane outer surface are grindable on the workpiece.
  • the grinding spindle units can be moved in a CNC-controlled manner in X1 and Z1 axis directions, so that in the X1-Z1 plane each position can be approached with high accuracy in accordance with the grinding conditions.
  • the wheelhead has a B-axis, which is also CNC-controlled and with which the respective grinding wheels are pivoted on the associated grinding spindles in the grinding engagement position on the workpiece.
  • the first wheelhead is provided with a dressing spindle, which preferably has a diamond dressing wheel for dressing the inside grinding wheel.
  • a dressing spindle which preferably has a diamond dressing wheel for dressing the inside grinding wheel.
  • the second wheelhead with the grinding spindle unit arranged thereon for the grinding of the inner surfaces of the bore in X2 and Z2-axis direction is CNC-controlled movable.
  • the second grinding spindle unit together with the clamping device or the mandrel in the X2-Z2 plane is movable so that any required point on the workpiece can be approached.
  • the workpiece headstock on two workpiece spindles each with a chuck, which are arranged 180 degrees opposite to each other.
  • the respective workpiece spindle can be pivoted by means of a rotary unit on the workpiece headstock from a first position, in which at least the first plane outer surface and possibly also the non-planar outer surfaces and the inner surface of the bore of the workpiece to be ground, into a second position in which the next workpiece is loaded.
  • a new workpiece still to be ground can be loaded into the workpiece headstock, which is then swiveled 180 degrees into the grinding position.
  • the two grinding spindle sticks are each arranged on a cross slide, so that a reliable CNC-controlled movement can take place in an X1-Z1 plane and X2-Z2 plane.
  • the first grinding spindle unit carries the outer grinding wheel and the second grinding spindle unit the inner grinding wheel
  • these two grinding wheels are controlled in such a looped engagement that at least the first plane outer surface and the bore at least temporarily can be sanded at the same time.
  • the cycle time for the production of the workpiece can be reduced, which can be compensated by the time-parallel grinding of the inner surfaces of the bore and the plan and non-planar outer surfaces by means of in particular a profiled grinding wheel by the respective grinding wheels introduced grinding forces at least in some ways increase the accuracy of the grinding result.
  • the method for complete grinding of workpieces, in particular gear wheels for transmissions, having a central bore and planar and non-planar outer surfaces is realized on a previously described grinding machine.
  • a workpiece is first clamped in a workpiece headstock.
  • first outer surfaces on the clamped workpiece and at least temporarily time-parallel inner surfaces in the central bore of the workpiece are finished with an outer grinding wheel by means of an inner grinding wheel.
  • a clamping device which forms a solid unit with a grinding wheel bearing the inner grinding wheel, inserted into the bore of the workpiece and at least temporarily time-parallel to the clamping in the tool headstock clamped the workpiece.
  • the fixed tension by the clamping device is carried out such that the center axes of the chuck of the workpiece headstock and clamping device on the second wheel head are aligned. Thereby, the position of the workpiece in the space from the first clamping position on the tool headstock is maintained, even if the clamping is released from the tool spindle later.
  • the second outer surfaces which are opposite to the first outer surfaces of the workpiece and can not be ground because of the clamping in the Maschinenzeitspindelstock initially finished.
  • a clamping device with a wheelhead offers here a highly accurate clamping, ie passing a first clamped with the workpiece headstock workpiece to a made in the central bore of the workpiece second clamping means of the clamping device. This is a complete grinding process Such workpieces on one and the same grinding machine with the inventive method feasible.
  • the clamping device is hydraulically controlled from its release to its clamping position and vice versa.
  • the hydraulic control of the clamping device for the purpose of clamping as well as for the purpose of release from a clamping position has the advantage that this is realized only by the pressure of the hydraulic fluid and thereby clamping in a short time as well as a release can be realized.
  • the clamping device can also be mechanically, electrically or electro-magnetically controlled from its release to its clamping position and vice versa.
  • the manner of the physical principle of the control of the clamping device depends on the particular application, wherein the advantages of the respective physical control principles are known to those skilled in the relevant art.
  • the workpiece headstock is pivoted from a position in which a clamping device holds the workpiece in a grinding position in a loading position after the workpiece has been finished ground, with respect to the first and the second outer surfaces as well as the bore, from which - Workpiece headstock preferably has two clamping devices - a newly sanded workpiece is pivoted back into a grinding position.
  • cycle time is saved, because with swinging a workpiece to be ground in the grinding position, i. In the first clamping position, no additional non-productive time is created for clamping the next workpiece.
  • the second flat outer surfaces are ground in straight piercing.
  • the counter plan surface has no shoulders or shoulders, which have non-planar surfaces and would preferably have to be ground with a profiled grinding wheel.
  • Grinding by means of a straight plunge method is preferably realized by using different grinding wheels for the outer surfaces on one side of the workpiece and for the outer surfaces on the other side of the workpiece.
  • the first planar and non-planar outer surfaces are ground by means of a profiled grinding wheel.
  • the profiled grinding wheel allows a time-parallel grinding of all first outer surfaces to be ground, which also cycle time can be saved in the manufacture of the workpiece.
  • cooling lubricant is supplied to the inner grinding wheel via the interior of the workpiece headstock.
  • the method is preferably designed such that the inner grinding wheel first pre-grinding the bore and then finished grinding.
  • the inner grinding wheel on two grinding areas, which are successively brought into the inner surface of the bore engaged. This eliminates the need for a strapping or a previously used pre-grinding wheel and subsequent use of a finish grinding wheel.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a plan view of the grinding machine according to the invention shown, which also performs the inventive method.
  • a first wheelhead 2 On a machine bed 1, a first wheelhead 2, a second wheelhead 17 and a workpiece headstock 9 are arranged, which are present in a defined relationship to each other.
  • the first wheelhead 2 carries a first grinding spindle 3, on which a grinding wheel 3.1 is arranged.
  • a further grinding spindle 4 is mounted, which receives a further grinding wheel 4.1.
  • the grinding wheel 4.1 is profiled and serves the grinding of the first flat outer surfaces 14.1 and the non-planar outer surfaces 14.4 of a workpiece 14, which is clamped in a clamping device 12 of a first workpiece spindle 10, which via a CNC-controlled axis C1, the workpiece 14 in rotation added.
  • the profiled grinding wheel 4.1 is brought into grinding engagement with the workpiece 14 by means of the CNC-controlled axes X1 and Z1 of the first grinding spindle unit 2.
  • the first wheelhead 2 also has a B-axis extending perpendicularly in the plane of the drawing so that either the profiled grinding wheel 4.1 or the grinding wheel 3.1 can be brought into engagement with the workpiece by means of a pivotal movement about the B-axis of the wheelhead 2.
  • the grinding wheel 3.1 is provided for grinding the second flat outer surface 14.2 on the workpiece. In the in FIG. 1 As shown, the second plane outer surface 14.2 is clamped within the clamping device 12 of the workpiece spindle 10 and therefore can not be ground during this clamping.
  • the profiled grinding wheel 4.1 is now formed and can be brought to the outer contour to be ground in looping engagement, that at least partially time-parallel, the inner grinding wheel 19.1, which is arranged on the second grinding headstock 17 with the grinding spindle 19, can be introduced into the bore 14.3 of the workpiece 14, so that the bore 14.3 of the workpiece can be finish-ground without loss of cycle time.
  • the grinding operations on the outer surfaces and on the inner surface are carried out successively.
  • the second wheelhead 17 is formed as a combination unit by an additional clamping device 20 is mounted on the wheelhead, which is movable on the one hand by means of the CNC axes X2 and Z2 with the wheelhead 17 in the X2-Z2 plane, wherein additionally the clamping device 20th can experience an axial displacement 21 along a central axis 20.1.
  • the grinding spindle 17 is moved with respect to its central axis in the X2 direction so far that the central axis 20.1 of the clamping device 20 with the central axis 10.1 of the workpiece spindle 10 of the workpiece headstock. 9 flees.
  • the clamping device 20 is retracted into the bore 14.3 and receives the workpiece in the form of a clamping. In this case, over a defined, relatively short time, the workpiece is tensioned both in the clamping device 12 of the workpiece headstock 9 as well as with the clamping by the clamping device 20.
  • the clamping device 12 of the workpiece headstock 9 is released and the second wheelhead 17 is moved.
  • the second plane outer surface 14.4 is released, so that by means of the first wheelhead 2, the grinding wheel 3.1 can reach the grinding position.
  • the grinding wheel 3.1 is designed as a flat grinding wheel, so that the second planar outer surface 14.2 is produced in the way of the straight-cut grinding. This makes it possible to finish a workpiece, in particular in the form of a gear for gears, in one and the same grinding machine with respect to the front as well as the rear outer sides and the inner surfaces of the bore. In this way it can be ensured that the individual ground parts are manufactured on the workpiece in small dimensional, positional and form tolerances to each other.
  • the workpiece headstock 9 is now formed so that two spindles are present, which are arranged opposite to the workpiece headstock 9 in a 180 ° arrangement.
  • the workpiece headstock 10 is provided with its central axis 10.1 and the clamping device 12 attached thereto.
  • the second workpiece spindle 11 On the in the FIG. 1 left Side is the second workpiece spindle 11 with its central axis 11.1 and the clamping device 13 is provided.
  • the workpiece spindle has clamped a straight ground or finished workpiece 14 with its clamping device 12
  • a not yet ground workpiece 15 is already clamped to the second workpiece spindle 11, ie with its clamping device 13.
  • the workpiece 15 can be driven by the second workpiece spindle 11 by means of a CNC controlled axis C2.
  • the workpiece headstock 9 is now arranged so pivotable that the first newly recorded in the loading position workpiece 15 can be moved to a grinding position. This is done because of the double workpiece spindle assembly on the workpiece headstock 9 in a very short time. This ensures that the non-productive times in the grinding machine are minimized.
  • a dressing spindle 16 with a dressing wheel 16.1 is additionally attached by means of which the grinding wheels 3.1 and 4.1 of the first grinding headstock can be dressed.
  • the first wheelhead 2 has a further dressing spindle 5 with a diamond dressing wheel 6, by means of which the internal grinding wheel 19.1, which is also referred to as a grinding dome, can be dressed.
  • the pivoting of the raw workpieces from the loading position lasts with the present workpiece headstock 9, for example, less than 2 seconds.
  • the loading into the chuck 13 is uncritical in terms of the time required for it, as it can be realized in any case in a shorter time than the grinding time for the complete grinding of the workpiece 14 requires it. In any case, loading into a chuck with spans and the corresponding handling movements can usually take place in a time of approximately 8 seconds. Since this takes place in the off time, that is, in a time in which the workpiece 14 is processed, the entire cycle time for a workpiece can be further reduced, which has a favorable effect on the manufacturing cost of the workpieces.
  • FIG. 2 shows in a partial section along the plane AA according to FIG. 1 how the arrangement of the two workpiece spindles 10, 11 on the workpiece headstock 9 is executed.
  • the two workpiece spindles 10, 11 are by means of a rotary unit 23 from a grinding position, which in Fig. 2 the arrangement of the workpiece 14 corresponds, pivotable in a loading position, which in Fig. 2 the workpiece 15 corresponds.
  • the two workpiece spindles 10, 11 can thus be alternately brought into the processing position.
  • the machine bed 1 is shown in this partial sectional view AA of the workpiece headstock. Due to the fact that the workpiece spindle 10, ie in FIG.
  • the lower workpiece spindle for grinding the outer and inner contours of the workpiece 14 is arranged closer to the machine bed during the grinding engagement, the heat cycle of the grinding machine is largely eliminated, and the rigidity of the entire assembly is also greater due to the improved leverage. As a result, a greater precision can be achieved in the grinding operation with respect to the achievable maximum dimensional and form accuracies on the finished-ground workpiece.
  • a loading of the workpiece spindle 11 or of the clamping device 13 with a new raw workpiece 15 is performed on the workpiece 14 during the grinding process. This means that loading takes place during grinding.
  • the loading movements are programmed such that the loading cycle, for example, does not coincide with the time at which the finished dimension on the workpiece 14 is reached.
  • This special programming makes it possible to further optimize the achievable quality on the workpiece 14 in the grinding machine.
  • the loading and unloading of the workpiece is thus carried out in the so-called non-productive time.
  • Workpiece 15 becomes, as it were, workpiece 14 when the grinding operation is taken up on the workpiece or when it has been completely finished.
  • the actual time for loading and unloading does not affect the cycle time, but only the slew time from the loading position to the grinding position.
  • FIG. 3 is an enlarged partial view of the area of the grinding machine according to FIG. 1 which shows the workpiece headstock 10 with clamped workpiece 14 in which the grinding wheel 4.1 is engaged therewith and the inner grinding wheel 19.1 for grinding the inner surface of the bore 14.3 on the second wheelhead 19 is also engaged.
  • the workpiece 14 in the chuck 12 is firmly clamped.
  • the workpiece 14 abuts against a stop ring 24 in the chuck.
  • a clamping device 20 preferably in the form of a mandrel is mounted, which is shown in the portion of the headstock 17 shown in partial section.
  • the mandrel is automatically axially displaceable (21) and rotationally driven. Due to the possibility that the second wheelhead 17 is designed to be movable along its X2 and Z2 axes, the mandrel 20 can be aligned with its central axis 20.1 in alignment with the central axis 10.1 of the workpiece spindle 10 and in this position with respect to the positional position of the workpiece realize in the space identical clamping to the clamping by the workpiece spindle 10 with the chuck 12. In this way, a high precision of the machining of the workpiece is possible because for each of the two clamping the same position of the workpiece is reduced with respect to the central axis in the tensioned state.
  • the grinding with both the inner grinding wheel 19.1 and the outer grinding wheel 4.1 is usually done with CBN coating, preferably using ceramically bonded CBN coating becomes.
  • CBN coating preferably using ceramically bonded CBN coating becomes.
  • other abrasives such as corundum or other bonds of the CBN pads are possible, the respective optimal abrasive coatings are selected depending on the processing task.
  • mandrel 20 on its left side, is at its end, which is provided for the actual clamping of the workpiece 14 in the bore 14.3, a clamping element 25 indicated that automatically opened by the grinding program or closed, that is stretched.
  • a hydrodynamic tensioning element is shown.
  • Such a hydraulic tensioning element is stretched by applying a hydraulic fluid to activate the clamping. For unloading the pressure of the hydraulic fluid is reduced accordingly.
  • other clamping elements are possible such as collets or even an inner chuck, ie a mechanical lining.
  • FIG. 4 is finished after completion of finishing the plan and non-planar outer surfaces 14.1, 14.4 and the inner surfaces of the bore 14.3 of the workpiece 14, and the wheelhead 17 was moved over its CNC-controlled axes so that the inner grinding wheel 19.1 parallel to the central axis 10.1 of Workpiece spindle is arranged such that the mandrel 20 is located immediately in front of the bore 14.3 of the workpiece 14 to ultimately according to its axial displacement 21 can be introduced for the purpose of clamping in this bore 14.3.
  • the geometry of the workpiece spindle 10 as well as the grinding spindle 19 for the inner grinding wheel 19.1 is chosen so that there are no interference contours between the workpiece headstock and the grinding spindle 19 and inner grinding wheel 19.1.
  • FIG. 5 is now opposite the FIG. 4 shown the moment in which the mandrel 20 is introduced after its axial displacement 21 in the bore 14.3 and holds the workpiece 14 clamped there.
  • the clamping is realized so that the central axis of the mandrel 20.1 is exactly aligned with the central axis 10.1 of the workpiece spindle 10.
  • the workpiece with both the chuck 12 of the workpiece spindle 10 and with the mandrel 20 of the wheelhead 17 is so to speak twice clamped. Only when the complete clamping of the workpiece 14 by means of the mandrel 20 in the bore 14.3 is done, the chuck 12 can be detached from the workpiece 14 and the grinding headstock 17 are moved along its CNC-controlled axis, in FIG. 5 to the right.
  • the re-clamping and the transfer of the workpiece 14 from the chuck 12 to the mandrel 20 can be done with stationary or rotating workpiece spindle 10.
  • the mandrel 20 must rotate at the same speed and the same direction of rotation. As a result, the transformer time can be optimized.
  • the second plane outer surface 14.2 with the outer grinding wheel 3.1 which is held on the associated grinding spindle 3 and driven by this, be ground, since the workpiece 14 now complete and reliable and precise with the mandrel 20 in the inner bore of the workpiece is clamped by means of the hydraulic expansion clamping element 25.
  • the second plane outer surface 14.2 is ground at equally driven outer grinding wheel 3.1.
  • the inner grinding wheel 19.1 has moved with its grinding spindle 19 in this position so to speak to the side and has been disengaged.
  • the mandrel is designed so that its concentricity errors generally have only a few microns.
  • non-planar outer surfaces can be ground on the counterplan side 14.2.
  • a profiled grinding wheel is used, in the manner of in FIG. 3 illustrated outer grinding wheel 4.1.
  • FIG. 7 is an enlarged view of the processing situation according to FIG. 6 represented, wherein the second planar outer surface 14.2 is additionally discontinued.
  • both parts of the flat outer surface 14.2 can be reliably ground with the flat grinding wheel 3.1.
  • FIG. 8 is the position for grinding the second planar outer surface 14.2 in analogy to FIG. 6 shown, however, by means of an external grinding wheel 3.1, which in Schrägeinstechschleifvon is used.
  • This outer grinding wheel 3.1 is then arranged under the corresponding arrangement with its grinding spindle 3 on the first wheelhead 2 (not shown here).
  • additional non-planar outer surfaces on the counter plan side ie possibly cylindrical or conical sections on the workpiece on the second side, ground, for which either the illustrated outer grinding wheel 3.1 or a profiled grinding wheel according to their in FIG. 3
  • FIG. 9 is a further preferred embodiment of the grinding machine when grinding the bore 14.3 of the workpiece 14 by means of the inner grinding wheel 19.1 shown.
  • the outer grinding wheel 4.1 (see FIG. 3 ) omitted here.
  • the inner grinding wheel 19.1 is designed as an abrasive mandrel and has two grinding areas 19.1.1 and 19.1.2 with different abrasive layers.
  • the first, leading abrasive coating 19.1.1 is used for pre-grinding the inner surfaces of the bore 14.3, and the second, trailing abrasive coating 19.1.2 is used for finish grinding of the bore.
  • the diameter of the second abrasive coating 19.1.2 is greater than that of the first abrasive coating 19.1.1, after completion of the pre-grinding by means of the first abrasive coating 19.1.1 of the wheelhead 17 is adjusted with the grinding spindle 19 transverse to the central axis corresponding to the X2 axis and this second grinding area 19.1.2 retracted into the bore for finish grinding.
  • the first grinding area 19.1.1 then projects into the free space within the workpiece spindle 10.
  • the roughing wheel should be the one which is farthest from the bearing of the spindle.
  • Such two-stage internal grinding wheels 19.1 are used above all when the bore 14.3 of the workpiece 14 has, for example, increased grinding allowances or the grinding allowances from the preliminary machining fluctuate greatly. This pre-grinding can also be advantageous, depending on which material is to be machined.
  • an abrasive coating 19.1.2 is used with ceramic bonded CBN for finish grinding, so that correspondingly good surface finishes and high accuracy can be achieved.
  • an abrasive coating 19.1.1 with galvanically coated CBN coating can also be used become.
  • Abrasive wheels with electroplated CBN generally have higher machining performance, making them particularly suitable for roughing operations. In such a two-stage internal grinding wheel 19.1, the optimization of the grinding process and the achievable accuracy with the same technical machine design is possible.
  • cooling lubricant 26 be supplied during grinding of the engaged grinding wheel 19.1.
  • the cooling lubricant 26 is supplied via the interior of the workpiece spindle 10 and fed to the actual grinding engagement.
  • the front part, i. the roughing area 19.1.1 of the inner grinding wheel 19.1 have a conical attachment for improved distribution of the cooling lubricant 26.
  • such a tapered attachment does not have to be present.
  • the advantage of such a tapered attachment 27 at the front end of the inner grinding wheel 19.1 is a lower turbulence of the cooling lubricant 26 in the supply to the grinding point, whereby the supply of the grinding zone with cooling lubricant and thus the grinding conditions are improved. As a result, this has a positive effect on the accuracy of the grinding result and the surface finish on the finished ground workpiece.
  • FIG. 10 is another preferred embodiment analogous to that in FIG. 9 shown, in which the inner grinding wheel 19.1 is also provided in two stages with a first, leading grinding area 19.1.1 and a second, trailing grinding area 19.1.2.
  • the first, leading grinding area 19.1.1 has a larger diameter than the second, trailing grinding area 19.1.2.
  • the first grinding area 19.1.1 is designed to be significantly narrower than the second grinding area 19.1.2, since a relatively large oversize is ground off by the roughing area 19.1.1 by means of peel grinding, it being expedient to use CBN as the grinding surface.
  • the inner grinding wheel 19.1 is moved so far into the hole with its second grinding area 19.1, that by means of internal cylindrical grinding, in particular also the plunge grinding, the bore can be finished ground.
  • the first grinding region 19.1.1 is moved so far into the free space within the workpiece spindle 10 that the second grinding region 19.1.2 can be delivered via the X2 axis of the grinding spindle 19 to the inner surface of the bore 14.3 to be ground.
  • the front grinding area 19.1.1 of the inner grinding wheel 19.1 likewise has a conical attachment 27, which serves for the more uniform distribution of the cooling lubricant 26 to the respective grinding engagement point.
  • the indicated in the chuck 12 on the jaws arrows are intended to express that the chuck holds the workpiece 14 in the clamped state, as long as the surfaces to be ground are processed.
  • pre-grinding can be optimized by the rough grinding with the first grinding area 19.1.1 with feed direction of the inner grinding wheel 19.1 in the direction of the chuck 12 on the clamped workpiece 14, the grinding time on the workpiece in such a way that the "retraction" of the grinding pin 19.1 already used for pre-grinding.
  • This embodiment makes it possible for the inner grinding wheel 19.1 to be finish ground with very little grinding allowance with the second grinding area 19.1.2. As a result, the total grinding time for the bore 14.3 overall can be optimized.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Grinding Of Cylindrical And Plane Surfaces (AREA)
  • Grinding-Machine Dressing And Accessory Apparatuses (AREA)
  • Finish Polishing, Edge Sharpening, And Grinding By Specific Grinding Devices (AREA)
  • Constituent Portions Of Griding Lathes, Driving, Sensing And Control (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Meuleuse pour l'usinage complet de pièces (14) comportant un alésage central (14.3), des faces extérieures planes (14.1, 14.2) et/ou non planes (14.4), qui présente une première tête porte-meule (2) avec une meule extérieure (3.1, 4.1) pour l'usinage des faces extérieures (14.1, 14.2, 14.4), une tête porte-pièce (9) pour le serrage de la pièce (14, 15) et une deuxième tête porte-meule (17) avec une meule intérieure (19.1) pour l'usinage de la face intérieure de l'alésage (14.3), dans laquelle la pièce (14) peut être serrée sur un axe central (10.1) dans une première position de serrage dans un mandrin de serrage (12) de la tête porte-pièce (9) en vue de l'usinage d'au moins une première (14.1) de ses faces extérieures planes orientée en direction de la deuxième tête porte-meule (17) et de l'alésage (14.3), caractérisée en ce que la deuxième tête porte-meule (17) porte un dispositif de serrage (20), qui est déplaçable par rapport à son axe central (20.1) de telle manière que celui-ci puisse être introduit dans l'alésage déjà meulé (14.3) de la pièce (14) et que la pièce (14) puisse y être serrée avec le dispositif de serrage (20) dans une deuxième position de serrage, dans laquelle l'axe central (20.1) du dispositif de serrage (20) dans la deuxième position de serrage s'aligne avec l'axe central (10.1) du mandrin de serrage (12) dans la première position de serrage et que les deux positions de serrage existent en même temps au moins de façon temporaire, dans laquelle au moins une deuxième des faces extérieures planes (14.2) orientée en direction de la tête porte-pièce (9) peut être meulée au moyen de la meule extérieure (3.1) dans la deuxième position de serrage après le desserrage de la première position de serrage.
  2. Meuleuse selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que le dispositif de serrage (20) est déplaçable axialement, en particulier par une commande CNC.
  3. Meuleuse selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisée en ce que le dispositif de serrage (20) est une broche de serrage, qui est entraînée en rotation, et présente en particulier un élément Hydro-dehn.
  4. Meuleuse selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisée en ce que la première tête porte-meule (2) présente deux unités de broche porte-meule (3, 4) avec des meules respectives (3.1, 4.1) pour l'usinage des premières (14.1) et des deuxièmes (14.2) faces extérieures planes, dans laquelle les unités de broche porte-meule (3, 4) sont déplaçables par une commande CNC dans la direction de l'axe X1 et Z1 (7) et la tête porte-meule (2) est déplaçable par une commande CNC autour d'un axe B (8) et en particulier l'unité de broche porte-meule (19) disposée sur la deuxième tête porte-meule (17) est déplaçable par une commande CNC dans la direction de l'axe X2 et Z2 (18).
  5. Meuleuse selon la revendication 4, caractérisée en ce que la première tête porte-meule (2) présente une broche de dressage (5) avec une meule de dressage en diamant (6) pour le dressage de la meule intérieure (19.1).
  6. Meuleuse selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisée en ce que la tête porte-pièce (9) présente deux broches porte-pièce (10, 11) munies chacune d'un mandrin de serrage (12, 13), qui sont disposées l'une en face de l'autre et peuvent pivoter, au moyen d'une unité de rotation (23), d'une première position, dans laquelle au moins la première face extérieure plane (14.1) et l'alésage (14.3) de la pièce à meuler (14) peuvent être meulés, à une deuxième position, dans laquelle la pièce meulée terminée se trouve dans une position de chargement.
  7. Meuleuse selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisée en ce que la première et la deuxième têtes porte-meule (2, 17) sont disposées chacune sur un chariot croisé.
  8. Meuleuse selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisée en ce que la meule intérieure (19.1) et la meule extérieure (3.1, 4.1) peuvent être mises en position de meulage en étant commandées de telle manière qu'au moins la première face extérieure plane (14.1) et l'alésage (14.3) soient au moins temporairement meulés en même temps.
  9. Procédé de meulage complet de pièces (14, 15) comportant un alésage central (14.3) et des faces extérieures planes et/ou non planes (14.1, 14.2, 14.4) sur une meuleuse présentant les caractéristiques de l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, dans lequel on meule de façon essentiellement finale une pièce (14) serrée dans une tête porte-outil (9) d'abord sur ses premières faces extérieures (14.1, 14.4) au moyen d'une meule extérieure (3.1, 4.1) et au moins temporairement de façon simultanée dans l'alésage (14.3) au moyen d'une meule intérieure (19.1), on introduit ensuite dans l'alésage (14.3) un dispositif de serrage (20) disposé sur une tête porte-meule (17) portant la meule intérieure (19.1) et on serre également la pièce (14) au moins temporairement de façon simultanée au serrage par la tête porte-pièce (9), de telle manière que les axes centraux (10.1, 20.1) du mandrin de serrage (12) de la tête porte-pièce (9) et du dispositif de serrage (20) sur la deuxième tête porte-meule (17) s'alignent l'un avec l'autre, on relâche ensuite le serrage par la tête porte-pièce (9) puis on meule les deuxièmes faces extérieures (14.2) essentiellement opposées aux premières faces extérieures (14.1).
  10. Procédé selon la revendication 9, dans lequel on commande le dispositif de serrage (20) de façon hydraulique de sa position de relâchement à sa position de serrage et inversement, ou on le commande de façon mécanique, électrique ou électromagnétique de sa position de relâchement à sa position de serrage et inversement.
  11. Procédé selon la revendication 9 ou 10, dans lequel la tête porte-pièce (9) fait pivoter une pièce chargée (15) dans une position de meulage.
  12. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 9 à 11, dans lequel on meule essentiellement simultanément les premières faces extérieures planes et non planes (14.1, 14.4) au moyen d'une meule profilée (4.1).
  13. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 9 à 12, dans lequel on meule essentiellement simultanément les deuxièmes faces extérieures planes (14.2) par le procédé en plongée droite ou les deuxièmes faces extérieures planes (14.2) et des faces extérieures non planes supplémentaires au moyen de la meule (3.1) par un procédé de plongée oblique.
  14. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 9 à 13, dans lequel on apporte un lubrifiant de refroidissement (26) à la meule intérieure (19.1) au moyen de l'intérieur de la tête porte-pièce (9), en particulier le lubrifiant de refroidissement sur la meule intérieure (19.1) est réparti dans l'alésage par la forme conique à l'extrémité de la meule intérieure (19.1).
  15. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 9 à 14, dans lequel la meule intérieure (19.1) effectue un meulage préparatoire de l'alésage (14.3) avec une première zone de meule (19.1.1) et effectue le meulage final avec une deuxième zone de meule (19.1.2), dans lequel la meule intérieure (19.1) effectue un meulage préparatoire de l'alésage (14.3.) avec la première zone de meule (19.1.1) par meulage en plongée ou par meulage d'écroûtage.
EP15704788.7A 2014-02-25 2015-02-13 Meuleuse et procédé de meulage de pièces comportant des alésages axiaux et des surfaces extérieures planes à usiner des deux côtés Active EP3110594B1 (fr)

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DE102014203402.7A DE102014203402B3 (de) 2014-02-25 2014-02-25 Schleifmaschine und verfahren zum schleifen von axialen bohrungen und beidseitig zu bearbeitende plane aussenflächen aufweisenden werkstücken
PCT/EP2015/053121 WO2015128210A1 (fr) 2014-02-25 2015-02-13 Meuleuse et procédé de meulage de pièces comportant des alésages axiaux et des surfaces extérieures planes à usiner des deux côtés

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JP2017510468A (ja) 2017-04-13
CN106061676B (zh) 2019-03-15
RU2016137818A (ru) 2018-03-29
RU2663503C2 (ru) 2018-08-07
DE102014203402B3 (de) 2015-07-09
RU2016137818A3 (fr) 2018-06-28
ES2664172T3 (es) 2018-04-18
EP3110594A1 (fr) 2017-01-04
US10058968B2 (en) 2018-08-28
US20170252886A1 (en) 2017-09-07
CN106061676A (zh) 2016-10-26
WO2015128210A1 (fr) 2015-09-03
JP6469715B2 (ja) 2019-02-13
BR112016017435B1 (pt) 2021-01-26

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