EP3089841B1 - Verfahren zum giessen eines gussteils - Google Patents

Verfahren zum giessen eines gussteils Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3089841B1
EP3089841B1 EP15705479.2A EP15705479A EP3089841B1 EP 3089841 B1 EP3089841 B1 EP 3089841B1 EP 15705479 A EP15705479 A EP 15705479A EP 3089841 B1 EP3089841 B1 EP 3089841B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
mold
pouring
casting
flask
metal melt
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP15705479.2A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3089841A1 (de
Inventor
Wolfgang RATHNER
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nemak SAB de CV
Original Assignee
Fill GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Application filed by Fill GmbH filed Critical Fill GmbH
Priority to PL15705479T priority Critical patent/PL3089841T3/pl
Publication of EP3089841A1 publication Critical patent/EP3089841A1/de
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D1/00—Treatment of fused masses in the ladle or the supply runners before casting
    • B22D1/002—Treatment with gases
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D21/00—Casting non-ferrous metals or metallic compounds so far as their metallurgical properties are of importance for the casting procedure; Selection of compositions therefor
    • B22D21/002—Castings of light metals
    • B22D21/007—Castings of light metals with low melting point, e.g. Al 659 degrees C, Mg 650 degrees C
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D21/00—Casting non-ferrous metals or metallic compounds so far as their metallurgical properties are of importance for the casting procedure; Selection of compositions therefor
    • B22D21/02—Casting exceedingly oxidisable non-ferrous metals, e.g. in inert atmosphere
    • B22D21/027—Casting heavy metals with low melting point, i.e. less than 1000 degrees C, e.g. Zn 419 degrees C, Pb 327 degrees C, Sn 232 degrees C
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D21/00—Casting non-ferrous metals or metallic compounds so far as their metallurgical properties are of importance for the casting procedure; Selection of compositions therefor
    • B22D21/02—Casting exceedingly oxidisable non-ferrous metals, e.g. in inert atmosphere
    • B22D21/04—Casting aluminium or magnesium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D23/00—Casting processes not provided for in groups B22D1/00 - B22D21/00
    • B22D23/006—Casting by filling the mould through rotation of the mould together with a molten metal holding recipient, about a common axis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
    • B22D27/003—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting by using inert gases
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
    • B22D27/08—Shaking, vibrating, or turning of moulds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D33/00—Equipment for handling moulds
    • B22D33/02—Turning or transposing moulds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D39/00—Equipment for supplying molten metal in rations
    • B22D39/02—Equipment for supplying molten metal in rations having means for controlling the amount of molten metal by volume
    • B22D39/026—Equipment for supplying molten metal in rations having means for controlling the amount of molten metal by volume using a ladler
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D41/00—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like
    • B22D41/04—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like tiltable
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D41/00—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like
    • B22D41/12—Travelling ladles or similar containers; Cars for ladles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D47/00—Casting plants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/02—Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for casting a casting according to the Kippg discernkar, according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a method of the type mentioned is from the DE102009023881A1 known.
  • a method for Kippgie call is from the WO2010 / 058003A1 known.
  • the process of Umgie Hs by tilting the casting container is set in motion.
  • the casting container or the level of the melt in the casting container is higher than the casting mold, so that the melt enters the casting container with relatively high kinetic energy.
  • the melt is scooped from a scoop with a ladle and then recast from the ladle into the casting container, with which then the mold is filled.
  • Other casting methods are from the US2012 / 325424A1 , of the DE102006058142A1 , of the WO2010 / 068113A1 , of the US5704413A as well as the GB1164173 known.
  • a disadvantage of the known method that it already before the start of the Umgie went the molten metal from the casting into the mold as a result of filling the casting container with the ladle to turbulence in the melt and to a mixing of metal oxide and molten metal and thus severe deterioration of the microstructure of the resulting casting may occur.
  • a particularly low-turbulence encapsulation can be achieved by floating at least 80% of the metal oxide skin on the surface of the molten metal.
  • the metal oxide skin remains in the casting container until reaching the end position. In this case, it is particularly favorable if a region of the metal oxide skin facing away from the casting mold leaves the casting container last on reaching the end position and comes to rest on the surface of the molten metal in the casting mold.
  • more than 80%, preferably more than 95%, of the metal oxide skin come to rest in the region of a feeder of the casting mold in a setting position subsequent to time in the final position.
  • a variant of the invention with which a particularly high quality of the casting can be achieved, provides that the encapsulation takes place at such a speed that the metal oxide skin remains elastic and undamaged until reaching the end position.
  • a particularly low-turbulence Umge is achieved by the fact that the surface of the metal oxide skin located in the casting container during the pouring of the molten metal increased from the casting container into the mold. This embodiment ensures that the casting of the molten metal takes place at an optimum speed.
  • the casting container is connected to the casting mold prior to casting and a relative position of the casting container with respect to the casting mold during the Umuzie hits between the starting position and the end position is maintained ,
  • An optimal solidification behavior of the molten metal in the mold can be achieved in that the axis of rotation extends in the starting position through the mold and either lies under the mold cavity or viewed from the casting container behind the mold cavity or through the mold cavity or over the mold cavity.
  • the metal oxide skin falls after reaching the end position on a feeder of the casting mold or slides into it over the entire width.
  • the casting container is brought after the ladling of molten metal from the scoop to the feeder of the mold, wherein the casting container has a pouring region, via which the molten metal is poured into the casting mold via the feeder, the contour of the pouring region corresponding to the contour of a section of the feeder lying below in the starting position in the vertical direction, the pouring region being directly and congruent with the feeder is connected.
  • the contour of the feeder and the contour of the pouring are in a horizontal position or are pivoted by an angle of 30 ° maximum from the horizontal position.
  • Very good results with regard to the quality of the casting can be achieved in that in the end position, the contour of the feeder and the contour of the pouring area are rotated by an angle of at most 120 ° and at least 60 ° relative to the starting position.
  • the casting container is connected to the casting mold immediately after completion of the filling with the molten metal within a period of not more than 5 seconds, in particular within a period of at most 3.5 seconds, and brought into the starting position. Due to the short docking time of the casting container to the casting mold, an optimal casting temperature of the molten metal and an optimal flow behavior of the same can be ensured. Also, optimal elastic properties of the metal oxide skin can be achieved with the indicated periods.
  • An optimum condition of the metal oxide skin and the molten metal for casting can be achieved by filling the casting container with the molten metal in the scooping furnace within a period of time, the maximum duration of which is 3.5 seconds.
  • Very good results with regard to the microstructure of the casting can be achieved by moving the casting container and the casting mold from the starting position to the final position within a maximum period of 8 seconds, in particular within a maximum period of 6.5 seconds.
  • an average temperature of the molten metal in the scooping furnace has a value derived from a range of values whose lower limit is 680 ° Celsius and its upper limit is 780 ° Celsius.
  • a particularly low-turbulence and gentle and low-oxide scooping of the molten metal from the scoop can be achieved in addition to the above-mentioned period for the scooping of the molten metal that the casting container at a remote in the starting position of the mold has a slot-shaped opening, wherein the casting container for scooping the molten metal is dipped from the scoop with the opening in advance in the molten metal in the scoop.
  • provision may be made for the casting container and the casting mold to be brought from the starting position into the end position in an overpressure atmosphere.
  • At least three molds are used, which are arranged on a carousel, wherein the carousel the three molds in turn from a casting position, in which a pouring the molten metal from the casting container into the casting mold, into a solidification position in which the molten metal solidifies in the casting mold, and then rotates to an operating position in which the casting mold is opened and a casting is removed from the casting mold and the casting mold is cleaned. It can be operated in parallel according to an advantageous development, two carousels.
  • a very high productivity with an optimum quality of the castings produced can be achieved by further turning the carousel at a constant rate having a value coming from a value range whose lower limit is 70 seconds and whose upper limit is 80 seconds.
  • a molten metal 1 is recast from a tiltable casting container 2 into a casting mold 3 with a mold cavity 4 depicting the casting.
  • an aluminum alloy is particularly preferably used, for example AC-Al Si 10 Mg (Cu), AC-Al Si8 Cu3, Al Si7 Cu3, Al Si6 Cu4.
  • the casting mold 3 is particularly preferably a casting mold for highly stressed aluminum components, such as cylinder heads or other components of vehicle engines.
  • the casting container 2 and the casting mold 3 are shown in different temporally successive positions.
  • the Umgie D can also be done by means of two or more parallel to each other, also referred to as a ladle, casting container 2.
  • the casting container 2 is preferably brought by a robot arm to the mold 3 and connected to this, for example hooked.
  • the robot arm can release the casting container 2 after connecting the casting container 2 with the casting mold 3 and is available for another working process.
  • the filling of the casting container 2 is preferably carried out by means of the robot arm, which dips the casting container 2 into the molten metal 1 of the scoop 5.
  • the molten metal 1 is scooped with the casting 2 directly from a scoop 5.
  • a metal oxide skin 6 forms in the casting container 2 on the surface of the molten metal 1.
  • An average temperature of the molten metal in the scoop 5 6 has a value derived from a range of values whose lower limit is 680 ° Celsius and whose upper limit is 780 ° Celsius.
  • the casting container 2 containing the molten metal 1 and the metal oxide skin 6 floating thereon is brought to the casting mold 3.
  • the molten metal 1 is poured from the casting container 2 into the casting mold 3 by a common rotation of the casting container 2 and the casting mold 3 from an initial position to an end position about a rotation axis a.
  • the metal oxide skin 6 floats predominantly, at least 80%, or even completely, on the molten metal 1 and remains essentially on the surface of the molten metal until it reaches the end position.
  • the metal oxide skin 6 can also remain in the casting container 2 until reaching the end position.
  • a region of the metal oxide skin 6 facing away from the casting mold 3 leaves the casting container 2 last when it reaches the end position and comes to lie on the surface of the molten metal 1 in the casting mold 3.
  • more than 80%, preferably more than 95%, of the metal oxide skin 6 come to rest in the region of a feeder 7 of the casting mold 3 in a solidification position subsequent to time in the final position.
  • the metal oxide skin 6 remains elastic and undamaged until reaching the end position.
  • the surface of the metal oxide skin 6 located in the casting container 2 can also increase, in particular in the direction of a pouring region of the pouring container 2. By enlarging the surface of the metal oxide skin during the casting, a particularly smooth flow of the molten metal is achieved.
  • the casting container 2 is connected to the casting mold 3 before casting.
  • a relative position of the pouring container 2 with respect to the mold 3 is maintained during the overmolding between the starting position and the end position. That is, the casting container 2 follows a movement of the casting mold 3 about the axis of rotation a.
  • the axis of rotation a runs in the starting position through the casting mold 3. In this case, the axis of rotation a can either be below the mold cavity 4 or from the casting container 2 Seen from behind the mold cavity 4 or through the mold cavity 4 or over the mold cavity 4.
  • the casting mold 3 can have a feeder 7.
  • the casting container 2 can be brought in this case after scooping the molten metal 1 from the scoop 5 to the feeder 7 of the mold 3 and connected to this feeder 7.
  • the casting container 2 has a pouring region 8, via which the molten metal 1 flows into the feeder 7 and from there into the mold cavity 4.
  • the contour of the pouring region 8 corresponds to the contour of a section of the feeder 7 which is located below in the starting position in the vertical direction.
  • the pouring region 8 is preferably connected directly and congruently to the feeder 7.
  • the term "contour" is understood primarily to mean the shaping of a bottom region and the adjacent outer edges and outer surfaces of the feeder 7 and the pouring region 8 of the casting container 2.
  • the metal oxide skin 6 falls onto the feeder 7 of the casting mold 3 or slides into the feeder 7.
  • the metal oxide skin preferably slides into the feeder 7 substantially over its entire width.
  • the casting container 2 may have a slot-shaped opening 9 at a region facing away from the starting position of the casting mold 3.
  • the casting container 2 with the opening 9 is immersed in advance in the molten metal 6 located in the scooping furnace 5.
  • Through the slot-shaped during the scooping vertically in the molten metal 1 of the scoop 5 standing opening 9 ensures that only clean oxide-free metal flows into the casting container 2 during the scooping process.
  • the filling of the casting container 2 in the scooping furnace 5 with the molten metal 6 takes place within a period of time whose maximum duration is 3.5 seconds.
  • the casting container 2 is connected to the casting mold 3 within a maximum period of 5 seconds, in particular within a maximum period of 3.5 seconds, and brought into the starting position.
  • FIG. 5 how out FIG. 5 it can be seen, are in the initial position, the contour of the feeder 7 and the contour of the pouring 8 in a horizontal position. It should be noted at this point that the contours of the feeder 7 and of the pouring region in the starting position can also be pivoted about an axis of rotation a up to an angle of at most 30 ° from the horizontal position. In the end position, the contour of the feeder 7 and the contour of the pouring region 8 are rotated by an angle of at most 120 ° and at least 60 ° relative to the starting position. The casting container 2 and the casting mold 3 are moved from the starting position to the end position within a maximum period of 8 seconds, in particular within a maximum period of 6.5 seconds.
  • the entire process according to the invention or even only the step of pouring the molten metal 1 out of the casting container 2 into the casting mold 3 can be carried out in an overpressure atmosphere.
  • the casting container 2 and the casting mold 3 can be arranged in a closed space which can be filled with a gas or gas mixture, for example an inert protective gas, so that an overpressure relative to the ambient atmosphere arises outside the space.
  • the scoop oven 5 could also be arranged in the room.
  • Fig. 6 illustrated embodiment has at least three molds 10,11, 12, which are arranged on a carousel.
  • This embodiment constitutes an independent embodiment in its own right, which can also be used with other casting methods than those described above.
  • the carousel rotates the three casting molds 10, 11, 12 in turn from a casting position I, in which the molten metal 6 is poured from the casting container 2 into the casting mold 10, 11, 12, into a solidification position II, in which the molten metal 1 in the casting Mold 10, 11, 12 solidifies, and then in an operating position III, in which the mold 10, 11, 12 is opened and removed a casting from the mold 10, 11, 12 and the mold 10, 11, 12 is cleaned.
  • the carousel is further rotated at a constant rate having a value coming from a range of values whose lower limit is 70 seconds and whose upper limit is 80 seconds.
  • this cycle is 75 seconds and is as follows: In the pouring position I, the docking of the pouring vessel 2 to the casting mold 11 takes 3.5 seconds, while the tilting of the pouring vessel 2 and the casting mold 11 from the starting position to the end position Takes 6.5 seconds. After reaching the end position of the casting is undocked from the mold and is available for a new scooping again. Another 56 seconds, the molten metal solidifies in the casting position I. For further rotation of the mold 11 in the position II 9 seconds are required.
  • the molten metal 1 or the casting in the casting mold 10 solidifies for a further 66 seconds, again requiring 9 seconds for further rotation into the operating position III.
  • the casting solidifies for another 10 seconds, for the opening of the casting mold it takes 9 seconds and for the removal of the casting by means of a robot 8 seconds are needed.
  • the cleaning of the mold 3 takes 20 seconds and the insertion of new sand cores takes 10 seconds.
  • For the closing of the mold 3 and the further rotation in the casting position I 9 seconds are required in each case. This results in a cycle time of 75 seconds for the further rotation of one of the positions I, II, III in the next position.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Casting Support Devices, Ladles, And Melt Control Thereby (AREA)
  • Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
  • Mold Materials And Core Materials (AREA)
EP15705479.2A 2014-01-03 2015-01-02 Verfahren zum giessen eines gussteils Active EP3089841B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL15705479T PL3089841T3 (pl) 2014-01-03 2015-01-02 Sposób odlewania odlewu

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ATA50003/2014A AT515345A1 (de) 2014-01-03 2014-01-03 Verfahren zum Gießen eines Gussteils
PCT/AT2015/050001 WO2015100465A1 (de) 2014-01-03 2015-01-02 VERFAHREN ZUM GIEßEN EINES GUSSTEILS

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3089841A1 EP3089841A1 (de) 2016-11-09
EP3089841B1 true EP3089841B1 (de) 2017-11-01

Family

ID=52544228

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP15705479.2A Active EP3089841B1 (de) 2014-01-03 2015-01-02 Verfahren zum giessen eines gussteils

Country Status (11)

Country Link
US (1) US9925586B2 (ko)
EP (1) EP3089841B1 (ko)
KR (1) KR101987961B1 (ko)
CN (1) CN105934296B (ko)
AT (1) AT515345A1 (ko)
ES (1) ES2656679T3 (ko)
HU (1) HUE035572T2 (ko)
MX (1) MX2016007706A (ko)
PL (1) PL3089841T3 (ko)
RU (1) RU2686402C2 (ko)
WO (1) WO2015100465A1 (ko)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE202019100206U1 (de) 2018-01-16 2019-01-23 Nemak, S.A.B. De C.V. Anlage zum Gießen von Gussteilen

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ES2852950T3 (es) 2015-10-14 2021-09-14 Aleris Rolled Prod Germany Gmbh Método para colar lingotes de aleación de metal
CN113403514B (zh) * 2021-06-11 2022-07-01 南昌大学 一种高强铸造铝合金及制备方法

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH06304695A (ja) 1993-04-20 1994-11-01 Kosei Aruminiyuumu Kogyo Kk 回転式重力金型鋳造機
DE20320923U1 (de) 2003-12-19 2005-06-09 Hydro Aluminium Alucast Gmbh Fertigungslinie zum im kontinuierlichen Durchlauf erfolgenden Herstellen von Gussteilen aus einer metallischen Schmelze, insbesondere einer Leichtmetallschmelze
DE102005001243A1 (de) 2005-01-11 2006-11-16 Hermann Fuchs Verfahren zur Herstellung von Aluminium-Kokillenguss mit dem Zweck eine Gefügeverbesserung bei den gegossenen Teilen zu erreichen
JP2008100276A (ja) 2006-10-20 2008-05-01 Honda Motor Co Ltd 傾動式重力鋳造装置及びその方法
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US9925586B2 (en) 2018-03-27
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CN105934296B (zh) 2019-01-08
KR20160106106A (ko) 2016-09-09
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