EP2686388B1 - Modified silica particles - Google Patents
Modified silica particles Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2686388B1 EP2686388B1 EP12707790.7A EP12707790A EP2686388B1 EP 2686388 B1 EP2686388 B1 EP 2686388B1 EP 12707790 A EP12707790 A EP 12707790A EP 2686388 B1 EP2686388 B1 EP 2686388B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- modified
- polyalkyleneoxy
- silica particle
- colloidal silica
- moiety
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Not-in-force
Links
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical class O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 286
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 147
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 66
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 47
- -1 alkoxy silane Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 43
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- 239000008119 colloidal silica Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- 125000005529 alkyleneoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 26
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 71
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 65
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 34
- XNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-METHOXYETHANOL Chemical compound COCCO XNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 33
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 24
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 22
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 22
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 22
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 22
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 21
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 16
- DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trifluoroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(F)(F)F DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dodecane Chemical group CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 13
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 10
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 150000001768 cations Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- 150000004756 silanes Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- BPSIOYPQMFLKFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy-[3-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)propyl]silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCOCC1CO1 BPSIOYPQMFLKFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 8
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 8
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical group C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000004945 emulsification Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 7
- XYJRNCYWTVGEEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy(2-methylpropyl)silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CC(C)C XYJRNCYWTVGEEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 6
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 6
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 150000001412 amines Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OTARVPUIYXHRRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethoxy-methyl-[3-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)propyl]silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](C)(OCC)CCCOCC1CO1 OTARVPUIYXHRRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000108 ultra-filtration Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000005662 Paraffin oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000012615 aggregate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000002704 decyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 125000003438 dodecyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 230000001804 emulsifying effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000002118 epoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- SBRXLTRZCJVAPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl(trimethoxy)silane Chemical compound CC[Si](OC)(OC)OC SBRXLTRZCJVAPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000001421 myristyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 239000007764 o/w emulsion Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000000913 palmityl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 125000002958 pentadecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000002889 tridecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 125000002948 undecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- KVNYFPKFSJIPBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-diethylbenzene Chemical compound CCC1=CC=CC=C1CC KVNYFPKFSJIPBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Octanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCO KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JRLGLLUTWCMTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCCCCC[Si](OC)(OC)OCCCCOCC1CO1 Chemical compound CCCCCC[Si](OC)(OC)OCCCCOCC1CO1 JRLGLLUTWCMTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 2
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical group CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910020175 SiOH Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NOKSMMGULAYSTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N [SiH4].N=C=O Chemical compound [SiH4].N=C=O NOKSMMGULAYSTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000001343 alkyl silanes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000010 aprotic solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PUQLFUHLKNBKQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium;trifluoromethanesulfonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F.[O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F PUQLFUHLKNBKQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004581 coalescence Methods 0.000 description 2
- RWGFKTVRMDUZSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N cumene Chemical compound CC(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 RWGFKTVRMDUZSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003670 easy-to-clean Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000003700 epoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000001301 ethoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 2
- QUPDWYMUPZLYJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl Chemical compound C[CH2] QUPDWYMUPZLYJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910021485 fumed silica Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 125000001280 n-hexyl group Chemical group C(CCCCC)* 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 239000003305 oil spill Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 2
- 239000005648 plant growth regulator Substances 0.000 description 2
- UOHMMEJUHBCKEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N prehnitene Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(C)C(C)=C1C UOHMMEJUHBCKEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000002572 propoxy group Chemical group [*]OC([H])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- ODLMAHJVESYWTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylbenzene Chemical compound CCCC1=CC=CC=C1 ODLMAHJVESYWTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SCPYDCQAZCOKTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silanol Chemical compound [SiH3]O SCPYDCQAZCOKTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000005372 silanol group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910021487 silica fume Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 229940014800 succinic anhydride Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- UDUKMRHNZZLJRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy-[2-(7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-4-yl)ethyl]silane Chemical compound C1C(CC[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC)CCC2OC21 UDUKMRHNZZLJRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003799 water insoluble solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GWHJZXXIDMPWGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(C)C(C)=C1 GWHJZXXIDMPWGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WWRCMNKATXZARA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Isopropyl-2-methylbenzene Chemical compound CC(C)C1=CC=CC=C1C WWRCMNKATXZARA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YQZBFMJOASEONC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Methyl-2-propylbenzene Chemical compound CCCC1=CC=CC=C1C YQZBFMJOASEONC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HYFLWBNQFMXCPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethyl-2-methylbenzene Chemical compound CCC1=CC=CC=C1C HYFLWBNQFMXCPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LBLYYCQCTBFVLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Methylbenzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1S(O)(=O)=O LBLYYCQCTBFVLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RBTBFTRPCNLSDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,7-bis(dimethylamino)phenothiazin-5-ium Chemical compound C1=CC(N(C)C)=CC2=[S+]C3=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C3N=C21 RBTBFTRPCNLSDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YAXXOCZAXKLLCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-dodecyloxolane-2,5-dione Chemical class CCCCCCCCCCCCC1CC(=O)OC1=O YAXXOCZAXKLLCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- QIIPQYDSKRYMFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenyl hydrogen carbonate Chemical class OC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 QIIPQYDSKRYMFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SIOXPEMLGUPBBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N picolinic acid Chemical class OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=N1 SIOXPEMLGUPBBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- WROMPOXWARCANT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tfa trifluoroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(F)(F)F.OC(=O)C(F)(F)F WROMPOXWARCANT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003918 triazines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003852 triazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- HQYALQRYBUJWDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy(propyl)silane Chemical compound CCC[Si](OC)(OC)OC HQYALQRYBUJWDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YUYCVXFAYWRXLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxysilane Chemical compound CO[SiH](OC)OC YUYCVXFAYWRXLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYZFRYWTMMVDLR-UHFFFAOYSA-M trimethyl(3-trimethoxysilylpropyl)azanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCC[N+](C)(C)C FYZFRYWTMMVDLR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000005199 ultracentrifugation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
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- C09K23/00—Use of substances as emulsifying, wetting, dispersing, or foam-producing agents
- C09K23/54—Silicon compounds
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- A23L29/00—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L29/20—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof containing gelling or thickening agents
- A23L29/294—Inorganic additives, e.g. silica
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
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- C01B33/157—After-treatment of gels
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- C01B33/12—Silica; Hydrates thereof, e.g. lepidoic silicic acid
- C01B33/18—Preparation of finely divided silica neither in sol nor in gel form; After-treatment thereof
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
- C08J3/02—Making solutions, dispersions, lattices or gels by other methods than by solution, emulsion or suspension polymerisation techniques
- C08J3/03—Making solutions, dispersions, lattices or gels by other methods than by solution, emulsion or suspension polymerisation techniques in aqueous media
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- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L95/00—Compositions of bituminous materials, e.g. asphalt, tar, pitch
- C08L95/005—Aqueous compositions, e.g. emulsions
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- C09C1/00—Treatment of specific inorganic materials other than fibrous fillers; Preparation of carbon black
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- C09C1/00—Treatment of specific inorganic materials other than fibrous fillers; Preparation of carbon black
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- C09C1/00—Treatment of specific inorganic materials other than fibrous fillers; Preparation of carbon black
- C09C1/28—Compounds of silicon
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- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/32—Liquid carbonaceous fuels consisting of coal-oil suspensions or aqueous emulsions or oil emulsions
- C10L1/328—Oil emulsions containing water or any other hydrophilic phase
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
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- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/03—Non-macromolecular organic compounds
- D21H17/05—Non-macromolecular organic compounds containing elements other than carbon and hydrogen only
- D21H17/13—Silicon-containing compounds
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
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- D21H21/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its function, form or properties; Paper-impregnating or coating material, characterised by its function, form or properties
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- D21H21/16—Sizing or water-repelling agents
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- C01P2004/64—Nanometer sized, i.e. from 1-100 nanometer
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- C01P2006/12—Surface area
Definitions
- the present invention relates to modified colloidal silica particles, an aqueous dispersion and composition thereof, a method of producing such silica particles, and uses thereof.
- Emulsifiers and dispersants are well known in the art.
- Conventional emulsifiers such as surfactants, have an amphiphilic molecular structure and stabilise an emulsion by positioning themselves at the phase interface, thereby acting to prevent droplet coalescence. It is also possible to stabilize an emulsion by particle-stabilized emulsions, known as Pickering or Ramsden emulsions. They are very stable due to the adsorption of particles (which are usually not amphiphilic) at the interface between the continuous and dispersed phases, providing a barrier to prevent droplet coalescence and phase separation.
- WO 04/035474 discloses a method of producing an aqueous dispersion comprising mixing at least one silane compound and colloidal silica particles to form silanized colloidal silica particles, and mixing the silanized colloidal silica particles with an organic binder to form a stable aqueous dispersion.
- US 2009/092923 discloses modified silica particles, the surface of which is modified by an organic compound having at least one ethylenically unsaturated group, at least one hydrophilic moiety and at least one silyloxy group, which are incorporated in into a photosensitive layer of a photosensitive lithographic printing plate.
- An object of the present invention is to provide such surface modified silica particles and a dispersion thereof which minimise the environmental impact without reducing the surface activity or emulsifying effect of the particles and the dispersion.
- the invention relates to a modified colloidal silica particle covalently linked to at least one polyalkyleneoxy moiety having at least about 3 alkyleneoxy units, wherein said polyalkyleneoxy moiety is terminated by an alkyl group.
- the invention relates to a method of producing a modified colloidal silica particle comprising reacting at least one first polyalkyleneoxy compound having at least about 3 alkyleneoxy units with a colloidal silica particle to form a covalent link between the at least one first polyalkyleneoxy compound and the silica particle, wherein said polyalkyleneoxy moiety is terminated by an alkyl group.
- the invention relates to an aqueous dispersion and a composition comprising the modified colloidal silica particles of the invention.
- the invention relates to the use of modified colloidal silica particles and aqueous dispersion comprising modified colloidal silica particles according to the invention as an emulsifier.
- the modified colloidal silica particle of the invention contains a silica particle which is in the colloidal range of particle size; it may have an average particle diameter ranging from about 2 to about 150 nm, preferably from about 3 to about 50 nm, and most preferably from about 5 to about 40 nm.
- the particle size refers to the average size of the primary particles.
- the silica particle may contain other elements such as, for example, aluminium, boron, nitrogen, zirconium, gallium, titanium, etc.
- the modified colloidal silica particle of the invention has at least one polyalkyleneoxy moiety.
- polyalkyleneoxy moiety refers to any polyalkyleneoxy group.
- the polyalkyleneoxy moiety has at least 3 alkyleneoxy units, or at least 4, or at least 5 or 10 alkyleneoxy units, suitable ranges include from 3 to 20, or from 3 to 10; and it may have up to 150 and suitably up to 100 alkyleneoxy units, or from 10 to 100, or from about 12 to about 90, or from about 15 to about 60 alkyleneoxy units, and examples of suitable alkyleneoxy units include ethyleneoxy and propyleneoxy units, preferably ethyleneoxy units.
- the polyalkyleneoxy moiety may include any propoxy and/or ethoxy polyalkalene or copolymer thereof, for example polyethylene glycol (PEG), polypropylene glycol (PPG) or copolymer comprising ethylene glycol and propylene glycol units.
- the polyalkyleneoxy moiety is terminated by an alkyl groups, e.g. methyl, ethyl, propyl and butyl groups, preferably methyl groups, or decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, tridecyl, tetradecyl, pentadecyl, or a hexadecyl group.
- the modified silica particle according to the invention is not modified by an ethylenically unsaturated group, or attached to a photosensitive lithographic printing plate.
- the modified colloidal silica particle of the invention has at least one polyalkyleneoxy moiety which may be illustrated by the following general formula: -(-O-CH(R 1 )-CH 2 -) n -O-R 2
- n represents an integer of at least 3 or at least 4, or at least 5 or 10
- suitable ranges include from 3 to 20, or from 3 to 10; and it may be up to 150, suitably up to 100, from 10 to 100, or from 12 to 90, or from 15 to 60
- R 1 represents H or CH 3
- R 2 represents an alkyl group having from 1-20 carbon atoms, suitably from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or from 2 to 3 carbon atoms, e.g. CH 3 , C 2 H 5 , C 3 H 7 and C 4 H 9 , preferably CH 3 , or from 10 to 16 carbon atoms.
- R 2 when n is between 10 and 150 or 100, then R 2 has between 1 and 4 carbon atoms.
- R 2 when n is between 3 and 20, then R 2 has between 10 and 16 carbon atoms.
- the modified colloidal silica particle may have a surface density of polyalkyleneoxy moiety to silica surface from about 0.05 to about 4, or from about 0.1 to about 1 ⁇ moles/m 2 silica surface.
- the polyalkyleneoxy moiety is covalently linked to the silica particle, either directly by a covalent bond to the silica particle, or covalently linked to the silica particle by a linking agent, preferably covalently linked to the silica particle by a linking agent.
- the modified colloidal silica particle of the invention may contain a linking agent or moiety thereof.
- suitable linking agents include silanes.
- suitable silanes include alkoxy silanes and alkyl silanes.
- alkoxy silanes include isocyanate silane, silanes containing an epoxy group (epoxy silane), glycidoxy and/or a glycidoxypropyl group such as gamma-glycidoxypropyl trimethoxysilane, gamma-glycidoxypropyl methyldiethoxysilane, (3-glycidoxypropyl)trimethoxy silane, (3-glycidoxypropyl) hexyltrimethoxy silane, beta-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)-ethyltriethoxysilane.
- silanes containing an epoxy group epoxy silane
- glycidoxy and/or a glycidoxypropyl group such as gamma-glycidoxypropyl trimethoxysilane, gamma-glycidoxypropyl methyldiethoxysilane, (3-glycidoxypropyl)trimethoxy si
- alkoxy silanes include epoxide silanes, suitably containing a glycidoxy or glycidoxypropyl group, particularly gamma-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane and/or gamma glycidoxypropylmethyl-diethoxysilane.
- the molar ratio of linking agent, e.g. alkoxy silane as defined above, to polyalkyleneoxy moiety may be from about 0.5 to about 1.5, more preferably from about 0.75 to about 1.3, and most preferably from about 0.9 to about 1.2.
- the modified colloidal silica particle is covalently linked by a siloxane bond formed by condensation of a silane to the at least one polyalkyleneoxy moiety.
- the modified colloidal silica particle of the invention may be illustrated by the following general formula: SiO 2 -(X-) m -(-O-CH(R 1 )-CH 2 -) n -O-R 2 in which SiO 2 represents a colloidal silica particle, X represents a linking agent or moiety thereof, m represents an integer of 0 or 1, preferably 1, n represents an integer of at least 3, or at least 4, or at least 5 or 10, suitable ranges include from 3 to 20, or from 3 to 10; and it may be up to 150, suitably up to 100, suitably from 10 to 100, or from 12 to 90, or from 15 to 60; R 1 represents H or CH 3 ; and R 2 represents an alkyl group having from 1-20 carbon atoms, suitably from 1 to 4 carbon atoms e.g. CH 3 , C 2 H 5 , C 3 H 7 and C 4 H 9 , or having from 10 to 16 carbon atoms.
- the modified colloidal silica particle of the invention may further comprise at least one hydrophobic moiety linked thereto.
- hydrophobic moiety means a hydrocarbon moiety or group having at least three carbon atoms, e.g. alkyl groups, preferably alkyl groups containing from 3 to 8 carbon atoms, e.g. propyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl, t-butyl, n-hexyl, octyl and phenyl.
- the hydrophobic moiety may be covalently linked to the silica particle, either directly by a covalent bond to the silica particle, or covalently linked to the silica particle by a linking agent, preferably covalently linked to the silica particle by a linking agent.
- suitable linking agents include those defined above.
- the modified colloidal silica particle may have a surface density of hydrophobic moiety to silica surface of from about 0.05 to about 4, or from about 0.1 to about 1 ⁇ moles/m 2 silica surface, and it may have a molar ratio of hydrophobic moiety to polyalkyleneoxy moiety from about 0.1 to about 10, suitably from about 0.5 to about 5. For example, it may be about 10% CH 3 -PEG-groups and 12.5% isobutylgroups of the total available silanol groups on the silica surface.
- the alkoxy silanes may form stable covalent siloxane bonds (Si-O-Si) with the silanol groups on the surface of the colloidal silica particles.
- the colloidal silica particle covalently linked by an alkoxy silane to the at least one polyalkyleneoxy moiety having at least 3 alkyleneoxy units according to the invention, the colloidal silica particles become surface modified and amphiphilic.
- amphiphilic surface modified silica particles may be obtained.
- Such surface modified silica particles not only stabilize droplets by particle stabilization, but also by their inherent surface activity. The combination of activity is powerful to obtain stable emulsions.
- a method of producing a modified colloidal silica particle comprising reacting at least one first polyalkyleneoxy compound having at least about 3 alkyleneoxy units with a colloidal silica particle to form a covalent link between said at least one first polyalkyleneoxy compound and said silica particle.
- the colloidal silica particle may be derived from e.g. precipitated silica, micro silica (silica fume), pyrogenic silica (fumed silica), silica sols or silica gels with sufficient purity, and mixtures thereof.
- the silica particle is in the colloidal range of particle size; it may have an average particle diameter ranging from about 2 to about 150 nm, preferably from about 3 to about 50 nm, and most preferably from about 5 to about 40 nm.
- the particle diameter may be calculated from the formula relating to specific surface area and particle diameter on page 465 in Iler ( The Chemistry of Silica, Wiley, 1979 ). As conventional in silica chemistry, the particle size refers to the average size of the primary particles.
- the silica particle may contain other elements such as, for example, aluminium, boron, nitrogen, zirconium, gallium, titanium, etc.
- the colloidal silica particles have a specific surface area from about 20 to about 1500, preferably from about 50 to about 900, and most preferably from about 70 to about 800 m 2 /g.
- the specific surface area can be measured by means of titration with NaOH as described by Sears in Analytical Chemistry 28(1956), 12, 1981-1983 and in U.S. Patent No. 5,176,891 .
- the given area thus represents the average specific surface area of the particles.
- the colloidal silica sol may have an S-value from about 15 to about 100, or from about 60 to about 90.
- the S-value depends on the silica content, viscosity, and density of the colloidal silica particles.
- the S-value can be measured and calculated as described by Iler & Dalton in J. Phys. Chem. 60 (1956), 955-957 .
- a high S-value indicates a low microgel content.
- the S-value represents the amount of SiO 2 in percent by weight present in the dispersed phase of the silica sol.
- the colloidal silica particles are suitably dispersed in an aqueous solvent, suitably in the presence of counter ions such as K + , Na + , Li + , NH 4 + , organic cations, primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary amines, or mixtures thereof so as to form an aqueous silica sol.
- counter ions such as K + , Na + , Li + , NH 4 + , organic cations, primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary amines, or mixtures thereof so as to form an aqueous silica sol.
- dispersions comprising organic solvents, e.g. lower alcohols, acetone or mixtures thereof may be used, suitably in an amount of from about 1 to about 20, preferably from about 1 to about 10, and most preferably from about 1 to about 5 volume percent of the total solvent volume.
- aqueous silica sols without any further solvents are preferably used.
- Cation exchanged colloidal silica sols may also be used.
- the colloidal silica particles may be negatively or positively charged, but uncharged silica sols may also be used.
- the silica content in the sol is from about 5 to about 80, preferably from about 7 to about 70, and most preferably from about 10 to about 40 wt%.
- the pH of the silica sol suitably is from about 1 to about 12, preferably from about 1.5 to about 11, and most preferably from about 2 to about 10.
- Al 2 O 3 content of from about 0.05 to about 3 wt%, preferably from about 0.1 to about 2 wt%.
- polyalkyleneoxy compound refers to an organic compound having a polyalkyleneoxy group having at least about 3 alkyleneoxy units, or at least 4, or at least 5 or 10 alkyleneoxy units, suitable ranges include from 3 to 20, or from 3 to 10; and it may have up to 150 and suitably up to 100 alkyleneoxy units, or from 10 to 100, or from about 12 to about 90, or from about 15 to about 60 alkyleneoxy units, and examples of suitable alkyleneoxy units include ethyleneoxy and propyleneoxy units, preferably ethyleneoxy units.
- the polyalkyleneoxy compound may include any propoxy and/or ethoxy polyalkalene or copolymer thereof, for example polyethylene glycol (PEG), polypropylene glycol (PPG) or copolymer comprising ethylene glycol and propylene glycol units.
- the polyalkyleneoxy compound is terminated by an alkyl groups, e.g. methyl, ethyl, propyl and butyl groups, preferably methyl groups, or decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, tridecyl, tetradecyl, pentadecyl, or a hexadecyl group.
- the polyalkyleneoxy compound when n is between 10 and 150 or 100, then the polyalkyleneoxy compound is terminated by a methyl, ethyl, propyl or butyl group.
- the polyalkyleneoxy compound when n is between 3 and 20, then the polyalkyleneoxy compound is terminated by a decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, tridecyl, tetradecyl, pentadecyl, or a hexadecyl group.
- polyethylene glycol mono methyl ether having a weight average molecular weight of from about 500 g/mole (MPEG 500) to about 5000 g/mole (MPEG 5000), or having a molecular weight of from 550 to about 2000 g/mole; or having a molecular weight of from about 600 g/mole to about 1000 g/mole, may be used.
- the reaction of the first polyalkyleneoxy compound with the colloidal silica particle is performed at a temperature suitable for performing the reaction, preferably from about 20 to about 110, more preferably from about 50 to about 100, and most preferably from about 80 to about 95 °C.
- the first polyalkyleneoxy compound is added to the silica particles under vigorous agitation at a temperature of about 80 °C and at a controlled rate, which suitably is from about 0.01 to about 0.15 ⁇ moles/m 2 colloidal silica surface area per hour.
- the addition can be continued for a suitable time for achieving the reaction, depending on the addition rate and amount of polyalkyleneoxy compound to be added. However, the addition is preferably continued for about 24 hours, more preferably for about 2 hours until a suitable amount of polyalkyleneoxy compound has been added.
- the first polyalkyleneoxy compound may be diluted before reacting it with the colloidal silica particles, preferably with water to form a premix.
- reaction of the first polyalkyleneoxy compound and the silica particle according to the invention may be carried out at a pH from about 2 to about 10.
- the first polyalkyleneoxy compound may be a polyalkyleneoxy compound as defined above, or a polyalkyleneoxy compound as defined above covalently linked to a linking agent. Accordingly, the method of the invention may further comprise a step of preparing the first polyalkyleneoxy compound by reacting at least one silane, e.g. an alkoxy silane or amine silane, preferably an alkoxy silane with at least one second polyalkyleneoxy compound having at least about 3 alkyleneoxy units.
- silane e.g. an alkoxy silane or amine silane
- the second polyalkyleneoxy compound may thus be an organic compound having a polyalkyleneoxy group having at least about 3 alkyleneoxy units, or at least 4, or at least 5 or 10 alkyleneoxy units, suitable ranges include from 3 to 20, or from 3 to 10; and it may have up to 150 and suitably up to 100 alkyleneoxy units, or from 10 to 100, or from about 12 to about 90, or from about 15 to about 60 alkyleneoxy units, and examples of suitable alkyleneoxy units include ethyleneoxy and propyleneoxy units, preferably ethyleneoxy units.
- the second polyalkyleneoxy compound may be a polyalkyleneoxy compound as defined above.
- alkoxy silanes include isocyanate silane, silanes containing an epoxy group (epoxy silane), glycidoxy and/or a glycidoxypropyl group, such as gamma-glycidoxypropyl trimethoxysilane, gamma-glycidoxypropyl methyldiethoxysilane, (3-glycidoxypropyl)trimethoxy silane, (3-glycidoxypropyl) hexyltrimethoxy silane, beta-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)-ethyltriethoxysilane.
- silanes containing an epoxy group epoxy silane
- glycidoxy and/or a glycidoxypropyl group such as gamma-glycidoxypropyl trimethoxysilane, gamma-glycidoxypropyl methyldiethoxysilane, (3-glycidoxypropyl)trimethoxy
- alkoxy silanes include epoxide silanes, suitably containing a glycidoxy or glycidoxypropyl group, particularly gamma-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane and/or gamma glycidoxypropylmethyldiethoxysilane.
- the reaction of the second polyalkyleneoxy compound and the silane is preferably carried out in an organic solvent, preferably under stirring.
- a solvent may be an aprotic solvent.
- examples of such an aprotic solvent may for example be acetonitrile, acetone or toluene.
- the addition of an acid or a base facilitates the reaction, by making the components reactive.
- an alkoxy epoxide silane is used, without being bound to any theory, it is believed that the acid or base makes the alkoxy epoxide silane reactive by opening the epoxide ring. An amount of acid or base is thus added to the mixture of alkoxy silane and the polyalkyleneoxy compound in organic solvent.
- the acid may for example be acetic acid, toluene sulfonic acid, formic acid, trifluoroacetic acid or calcium trifluoromethanesulfonate, preferably trifluoroacetic acid.
- the amount and concentration of acid added to the reaction may for example be 10 mol% per mole gamma-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, or may be added in double stoichiometric proportions.
- the base may for example be sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide.
- the amount and concentration of base added to the reaction may for example be added stoichiometrically to the amount of added gamma-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane.
- the organic solvent may be evaporated after reaction of the second polyalkyleneoxy compound and the alkoxy silane and re-circulated to the reaction. Volatile acids, like trifluoroacetic acid, may also be recovered by evaporation.
- the reaction step above may be carried out at a temperature from about 40 to about 150 °C, more preferably from about 50 to about 130 °C, and most preferably from about 60 to about 110 °C.
- the reaction may be heated for a period of about 30 to about 300 minutes, preferably from about 60 to about 140 minutes. After this reaction step, the temperature may be decreased to a temperature from about 20 to about 50 °C.
- colloidal silica particles, the alkoxy silane and the polyalkyleneoxy compounds and their proportions are as defined above.
- hydrophobic compounds e.g. hydrophobic silanes, such as isoalkylsilanes, alkylsilanes and alkylaminesilanes
- hydrophobic silanes include silane having a hydrocarbon moiety or group having at least three carbon atoms, e.g. alkyl group, preferably alkyl groups having from 3 to 8 carbon atoms, e.g. propyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl, t-butyl, n-hexyl, octyl and phenyl.
- Example of suitable hydrophobic silanes include isobutyl(trimethoxy) silane, and trimethoxypropyl silane. Such reaction may take place before, after or simultaneously with reacting the first or second polyalkyleneoxy compound with the colloidal silica particles.
- At least about 0.5 or 1 % by number of the silanol surface groups on the colloidal silica particles are capable of binding or linking to silane groups on the silane compounds, more preferably at least about 5 %, bind or link to a silane group.
- the silica particles may be purified, e.g. by ultra filtration.
- the invention also relates to an aqueous dispersion comprising modified colloidal silica particles of the invention.
- modified colloidal silica particles and dispersion thereof according to the invention are capable of forming stable emulsions when added to immiscible phases.
- the invention also relates to a composition
- a composition comprising a mixture of the modified colloidal silica particle according to the invention and the at least one first polyalkyleneoxy compound having at least about 3 alkyleneoxy units.
- Said first polyalkyleneoxy compound may be a polyalkyleneoxy moiety having at least about 3 alkyleneoxy units, and may further be covalently linked to an alkoxy silane.
- the ratio in the composition of the modified colloidal silica particle according to the invention and the at least one first polyalkyleneoxy compound may be from 0.1 to 10, preferably from 0.5 to 5.
- the modified colloidal silica particles and dispersion thereof of the invention in making emulsions of oil and water have shown that it only takes about 0.5 wt% silica particles of the oil phase weight to obtain a stable oil-in-water emulsion. Compared with commercial dispersants and emulsifiers, e.g. fatty alcohol ethoxylates, this is a significantly smaller amount. Typical amounts required when using such dispersants/emulsifiers are 2-3 wt% of the oil phase weight.
- the combination of the particle stabilizing effect in combination with the surface modification allows the modified colloidal silica particles to adsorb readily at oil/water interfaces.
- the present invention provides very efficient emulsifiers and storage-stable emulsions.
- the total solid content of the dispersion comprising surface modified colloidal silica particles suitably is from about 1 to about 80, preferably from about 2 to about 40 wt%.
- the modified colloidal silica particles are present as discrete particles in the dispersion. They may associate with each other by hydrogen bonding and settle. However, they are readily redispersible upon addition of mechanical energy.
- aqueous dispersion a dispersion whose solvent substantially is comprised of water.
- the dispersion preferably does not contain any organic solvent.
- a suitable organic solvent miscible with water may be comprised in the substantially aqueous dispersion in an amount from about 1 to about 20, preferably from about 1 to about 10, and most preferably from about 1 to about 5 volume percent of the total volume. This is due to the fact that for some applications, a certain amount of organic solvents may be present without any detrimental environmental effects.
- the invention also relates to the use of an effective amount of the modified colloidal silica particle or aqueous dispersion thereof as an emulsifier.
- Such effective amount may be from 0.5 % by weight, or from 1 %, of the modified particles in the emulsion.
- suitable uses include emulsifying agriculturally active ingredients, asphalts or paper sizing agents, e.g. cellulose-reactive sizing agents such as those based on alkenyl succinic anhydride (ASA) and alkyl ketene dimers (AKD).
- the modified colloidal silica particle and aqueous dispersion thereof according to the present invention may be used to prepare oil-in-water emulsions (O/W emulsions) of an agriculturally active ingredient, such as pesticides and plant growth regulators.
- An emulsion concentrate typically comprises an agricultural active ingredient, a water-insoluble solvent, and an emulsifier, and when added to water, it spontaneously, or after active mixing, e.g. stirring, forms an oil-in-water emulsion, the agricultural active primarily being present in the emulsion droplets.
- Preferred agriculturally active ingredients contemplated for use in the present invention include pesticides and plant growth regulators of the classes triazoles, strobilurins, alkylenebis(dithiocarbamate) compounds, benzimidazoles, phenoxy carboxylic acids, benzoic acids, sulfonylureas, triazines, pyridine carboxylic acids, neonicotinides, amidines, organophosphates, and pyrethroids.
- the water insoluble solvent may be any aromatic hydrocarbon suitable for use in agricultural formulations.
- aromatic hydrocarbons include, toluene, xylene and other alkylated benzenes, such as trimethyl benzene, methyl ethyl benzene, n -propyl benzene, isopropyl benzene, methyl isopropyl benzene, methyl n -propyl benzene, diethylbenzene, tetramethylbenzene, and mixtures of two or more thereof, optionally with additional components.
- alkylated benzenes such as trimethyl benzene, methyl ethyl benzene, n -propyl benzene, isopropyl benzene, methyl isopropyl benzene, methyl n -propyl benzene, diethylbenzene, tetramethylbenzene, and mixtures of two or more thereof, optionally with additional components.
- Aromaso 100, Solvesso 150, Solvesso 150 ND, Solvesso 200 and Solvesso 200 ND available from ExxonMobil, Shellsol X7B, Shellsol A100, Shellsol A150 and Shellsol A150ND, available from Shell Chemicals, and Farbasol, available from Orlen Oil, are also contemplated as the aromatic hydrocarbon for use in the present invention.
- present invention also relates to an aqueous, oil-in-water, emulsion comprising the modified silica particles of the present invention, at least one agriculturally active ingredient, and an aromatic hydrocarbon.
- modified colloidal silica particle and dispersion thereof according to the present invention as an emulsifier, small droplets of agriculturally active ingredients may be sprayed onto the crops and still cover large areas of crops, thus avoiding excessive amounts of agriculturally active ingredients in the agricultural industry. Also for this purpose, it is of course important that the emulsifier itself is environmentally friendly.
- emulsion shall be interpreted to include macro emulsions, nano emulsions, micro emulsions and suspo-emulsions, i.e. emulsions in which a particulate solid is suspended.
- the modified colloidal silica particles and aqueous dispersion thereof according to the present invention may be used to prepare emulsions of asphalts.
- Asphalt and other bituminous pavements are composed of a bituminous cement, stone dust, sand and/or broken stone.
- the mixtures for such use are produced, largely, by heating separately sand, stone and bituminous cement, combining these hot materials with unheated stone dust and then, while still hot, laying and compressing them over some suitable form of foundation as the wearing surface of a pavement
- An emulsifier is used to emulsify bitumen, such as an asphalt or tar, in water, to be used as a bonding or coating agent for such uses as road pavements, waterproof embankments, roofings etc. It is necessary to obtain a sufficient bond between the surface of the substrate, such as aggregate, sand, soil, a cement concrete or metal, and the bitumen.
- emulsifiers for bitumen in asphalt applications are toxic and not readily biodegradable. They may consist of fatty amines wherein the hydrophobic moiety is relatively long, approximately C 14 -C 22 , and the hydrophilic amines are primary (and/or secondary), quarternized or reacted with ethylene oxide. These amines dictate the breaking process of the emulsion and allow controlling the properties of different emulsions. They also provide adhesion properties between the bitumen and the aggregate, when the aggregate consists of silicates.
- the bitumen has a temperature of approximately 145 °C and the water/emulsifier solution has a temperature of 50 to 70 °C.
- the emulsion temperature is around 90 °C directly after emulsification. It is thus important that the emulsifier can withstand these temperatures.
- the present modified colloidal silica particles and aqueous dispersion thereof may be used as environmentally friendly emulsifiers for bitumen in asphalt application to improve the bondability of the bitumen.
- the modified colloidal silica particles and aqueous dispersion thereof according to the present invention may be used to prepare emulsions for use in sizing in paper making.
- Cellulose-reactive sizing agents such as those based on alkenyl succinic anhydride (ASA) and alkyl ketene dimers (AKD) are widely used in papermaking at neutral or slightly alkaline stock pH's in order to give paper and paper board some degree of resistance to wetting and penetration by aqueous liquids.
- Paper sizes based on cellulose-reactive sizing agents are generally provided in the form of dispersions containing an aqueous phase and finely divided particles or droplets of the sizing agent dispersed therein.
- the dispersions are usually prepared with the aid of a dispersant system consisting of an anionic compound, in combination with a high molecular weight amphoteric or cationic polymer.
- the invention also relates to the use of an effective amount of the present modified colloidal silica particles and dispersion thereof as a dispersant for oil spills.
- the formed dispersion of small droplets of oil may be degraded by the biotic environment, as compared to the thick layer of oil spill that destroy or harm large areas and the living organisms existing there. It is also of great importance that the components of the invention are environmentally friendly and not harmful to the aquatic and biotic environment upon degradation. Many dispersants for oil spill used today are not environmentally friendly.
- reaction of a colloidal silica particle with product from reaction with a polyalkyleneoxy compound (3-GTO-MPEG) may be illustrated as follows:
- This example illustrates different general methods of purification of sols of modified colloidal silica particles:
- the sol of colloidal silica particles 30/130 was cation exchanged to pH 2 and 50 g of the cation exchanged silica sol was added to a 250 cm 3 round flask.
- 3-GTO-MPEG 2000-1 8.72 g, was heated to 80 °C and then added to the cation exchanged silica sol.
- the amount of added 3-GTO-MPEG 2000-1 corresponded to 2 ⁇ mol/m 2 .
- the mixture was heated at 90 °C for 2 h.
- the sol of colloidal silica particles 30/130 was cation exchanged to pH 2 and 50 g of the cation exchanged silica sol was added to a 250 cm 3 round flask.
- 3-GTO-MPEG 2000-2 8.72 g, was heated to 90 °C and then added to the cation exchanged silica sol.
- the amount of added 3-GTO-MPEG 2000-2 corresponded to 2 ⁇ mol/m 2 .
- the mixture was heated at 90 °C for 2 h.
- the resulting aqueous dispersion, or sol, of modified colloidal silica particles was stable. Also, after purification by ultra filtration the modified silica sol was a stable dispersion.
- the sol of colloidal silica particles 30/130 was cation exchanged to pH 2 and 50 g of the cation exchanged silica sol was added to a 250 cm 3 round flask. The round flask was placed in an oil bath at 60 °C. Isobutyltrimethoxysilane, 0.35 g, was heated to 90 °C and then added to the silica sol. After addition of isobutyltrimethoxysilane, the mixture was heated at 90 °C for 2 h. The amount of added isobutyltrimethoxysilane corresponded to 1 ⁇ mol/m 2 . The mixture was purified by ultra filtration and the resulting intermediate sol of colloidal silica particles was stable.
- 3-GTO-MPEG 550-1 was heated to 90 °C and subsequently added to a portion of the intermediate sol of colloidal silica particles heated to 90 °C. The mixture obtained was then heated at 90 °C for 2 h. The amount of 3-GTO-MPEG 550-1 corresponded to about 1 ⁇ mol/m 2 . The resulting aqueous dispersion, or sol, of modified colloidal silica particles was purified by ultra filtration and found to be stable.
- Bindzil 40/130 colloidal silica was diluted to a concentration of 5 wt% silica with water adjusted to pH 9.5 with sodium hydroxide. This diluted silica sol was then equipped with stirring and reflux cooling and heated to 90 °C in an oil bath. When the temperature reached 90 °C, 57.5 g aqueous 2-MPPT was added drop wise during 15 minutes, the 2-MPPT was dissolved in water at a concentration of 25 wt% and kept under constant stirring 20 h prior to the addition. The reaction mixture was then kept at 90 °C for 24 h before it was cooled to room temperature.
- the added amount of the 2-MPPT corresponds to a surface coverage of 1 ⁇ mol/m 2 .
- the samples were analyzed by a High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) system with degasser, Kromasil C18 column, 100A, 5 um, 250x4.6 mm; Detector RI (Refractive Index); Eluent, MeOH/H2O 30/70 vol/vol; Flow rate, 0,5 ml/min; Injector loop: 20 ul. According to HPLC results, 43% of the added 2-MPPT became covalently grafted to the silica surface.
- HPLC High Performance Liquid Chromatography
- Example 7 was followed, which resulted in that 44% of the added 2-MPPT became covalently grafted to the silica surface.
- the added amount of the isobutyl trimethoxysilane corresponds to a surface coverage of 1 ⁇ mol/m 2 .
- This example illustrates the preparation of a mixture of colloidal silica particles with MPEG 500:
- the added amount of the MPEG corresponds to a surface coverage of 1 ⁇ mol/m 2 SiO 2 .
- the added amount of the 2-MPPT corresponds to a surface coverage of 1 ⁇ mol/m 2 .
- Bindzil 40/130 colloidal silica was diluted to a concentration of 5 wt% silica with water adjusted to pH 9,5 by sodium hydroxide. This diluted silica sol was then equipped with stirring and reflux cooling and heated to 90 °C in an oil bath. When the temperature reached 90 °C, 47.69 g of the product from synthesis step 1 was added drop wise during 10 minutes. The reaction mixture was then kept at 90 °C for 24 h before it was cooled to room temperature. 50 ml of this product was diluted to 200 ml with water adjusted to pH 9.5 by sodium hydroxide and ultrafiltered through a membrane with a cutoff of 100 kDa until the total volume once again was 50 ml, this was repeated six times.
- the added amount of the product from synthesis step 1 corresponds to a surface coverage of 3.5 ⁇ mol/m 2 . According to NMR diffusometry, this procedure yielded a surface coverage of 0.1 ⁇ mol MPEG/m 2 silica.
- This example illustrates emulsification of dodecane (70 wt%) in water (30 wt%) by using modified colloidal silica particles of the invention:
- the emulsifying performance was tested of sols of modified colloidal silica particles of the invention prepared according to the procedures of examples 1 and 2. This test was done using 70 wt% of dodecane, 30 wt% of water and 0.5 wt% /wt dodecane of modified colloidal silica particles. Emulsification was done as described in example 12.
- Samples 3-5 are the three samples of modified colloidal silica particles that give the best results. Indeed these emulsions were all stable after 1 h. It is noticed in Table 4 below that these types of sols of modified colloidal silica particles have a low surface tension.
- This example illustrates emulsification of Solvesso 150ND from Valspar, an aromatic hydrocarbon, by using modified silica particles of the invention.
- the emulsion obtained with the modified silica sol according to example 7 was white and foamy, with fairly low viscosity, while creaming occurred after one hour. No phase separation occurred within five days.
- the emulsion obtained with the silica sol mixed with MPEG 500 according to example 9 was white with fairly low viscosity. Within ten minutes the upper half of the emulsion appeared more yellow than the lower part which appeared less concentrated. Within a couple of hours the emulsion had started to phase separate.
- the emulsion obtained with the modified silica sol according to example 11 was white and foamy, with fairly low viscosity, and creaming occurred after one hour.
- Table 2 displays the droplet size distribution measured 2 hour after the preparation of the above emulsions with Malvern Mastersizer Micropuls. At this time the emulsion prepared with the silica sol mixed with MPEG 500 according to example 9 had already started to phase separate, while no such tendencies could be detected in the emulsion prepared with the modified silica sol according to example 7 and 11, except for minor creaming.
- droplet size (D) as a function of the volume average distribution (v) for Solvesso 150ND emulsions stabilized by the silica particles according to the invention are shown.
- modified silica sols according to examples 7 and 11 are able to stabilize the emulsions, as opposed to the mixture of silica and MPEG according to example 9.
- This example illustrates emulsification of paraffin oil by using modified silica particles of the invention.
- silica sols according to examples 7, 8, 9 and 10 were used to form these emulsions.
- 4.2 g of respective silica sol, 1.8 g H 2 O and 14 g paraffin oil (Sigma-Aldrich) was mixed for 2 minutes using an Ultra Turrax (T25 basic, dispersion element of 17 mm, IKA) at 24000 rpm.
- silica sols according to examples 7, 8 and 10 form stable emulsions.
- the silica sol from example 9 is a reference sol containing MPEG which merely is mixed with unmodified colloidal silica, i.e. not covalently bonded. This mixture separated quickly and no emulsion was formed.
- FIG 2 microscope images of the emulsions diluted in water, two weeks after their preparation, are shown. Top left is the silica sol according to example 7, top right is the silica sol according to example 8, bottom left the silica sol according to example 9 and bottom right is the silica sol according to example 10.
- the modified silica sol according to example 6 was used to make bitumen emulsions.
- the emulsion was prepared by heating a mixture of 180 g water and 20 g of the modified silica sol according to example 6 to 70 °C in a metal can. During stirring with a high speed mixer (Ultra Turrax Silverson L4R, 8000 rpm), 20 g bitumen at 140 °C was added. After 2 minutes of high shear mixing, the emulsion was cooled to room temperature. During the addition of the hot bitumen, the emulsification was clearly shown by the color change from the black bitumen to the brownish emulsion and the fact that the bitumen didn't adhere to the metal can. The metal can and the mixing equipment was easy to clean. The emulsion droplets formed could easily be observed in a light microscope as small drops, see figure 3 below.
- the modified silica sol according to example 6 was used to make fuel oil emulsions.
- the emulsion was prepared by heating a mixture of 225 g water and 25 g of the modified silica sol according to example 6 to 70 °C in a metal can. During stirring with a high speed mixer (Ultra Turrax, same as for example 14), 43 g fuel oil (Bunker 6 oil, 7SM046) at room temperature was added. After 2 minutes of high shear mixing, the emulsion was cooled to room temperature. During the addition of the fuel oil the emulsification was clearly shown by the color change from the black fuel oil to the brownish emulsion and that the fuel oil didn't adhere to the metal can. The metal can and the mixing equipment was easy to clean. The emulsion droplets formed could easily be observed in a light microscope as small drops, see figure 4 below.
- Bindzil® CC30 a silanized silica sol
- the surface tension for Bindzil® CC30 was measured at various pH values.
- the surface tension only dropped from 71 to 66 mN/m, as compared to the sol of modified colloidal silica particles according to the present invention (see Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochem. Eng. Aspects 337 (2009) 127-135 ).
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Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP12707790.7A EP2686388B1 (en) | 2011-03-14 | 2012-03-12 | Modified silica particles |
| PL12707790T PL2686388T3 (pl) | 2011-03-14 | 2012-03-12 | Modyfikowane cząstki krzemionki |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| US201161452354P | 2011-03-14 | 2011-03-14 | |
| EP11158141 | 2011-03-14 | ||
| PCT/EP2012/054189 WO2012123386A1 (en) | 2011-03-14 | 2012-03-12 | Modified silica particles |
| EP12707790.7A EP2686388B1 (en) | 2011-03-14 | 2012-03-12 | Modified silica particles |
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| EP2686388A1 EP2686388A1 (en) | 2014-01-22 |
| EP2686388B1 true EP2686388B1 (en) | 2017-03-01 |
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| US (1) | US20140000152A1 (zh) |
| EP (1) | EP2686388B1 (zh) |
| JP (2) | JP2014513660A (zh) |
| KR (1) | KR101941047B1 (zh) |
| CN (1) | CN103415575B (zh) |
| BR (1) | BR112013022767A2 (zh) |
| CA (1) | CA2827376C (zh) |
| PL (1) | PL2686388T3 (zh) |
| RU (1) | RU2584987C2 (zh) |
| TW (1) | TWI525099B (zh) |
| WO (1) | WO2012123386A1 (zh) |
| ZA (1) | ZA201306583B (zh) |
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| US8852332B2 (en) * | 2012-07-26 | 2014-10-07 | Js3D Technology Company Limited | Synthetic modifier for hot asphaltic mixes for road paving and method of making same |
| CN103205246B (zh) * | 2013-03-22 | 2015-07-08 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | 具有壳-链结构的强亲油复合二氧化硅纳米微球及其制法与应用 |
| JP6688734B2 (ja) * | 2014-01-29 | 2020-04-28 | スリーエム イノベイティブ プロパティズ カンパニー | 水性表面コーティング組成物及び改質粒子 |
| WO2015183031A1 (ko) * | 2014-05-30 | 2015-12-03 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 시아네이트계 수지에 대한 분산성이 우수한 실리카졸 조성물 및 이의 제조 방법 |
| KR101745676B1 (ko) | 2014-05-30 | 2017-06-09 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 시아네이트계 수지에 대한 분산성이 우수한 실리카졸 조성물 및 이의 제조 방법 |
| US9559207B2 (en) * | 2015-03-23 | 2017-01-31 | Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | Semiconductor device having epitaxy structure |
| JP2017061439A (ja) * | 2015-09-25 | 2017-03-30 | 株式会社Kri | 界面活性シランカップリング剤 |
| WO2018011182A1 (en) | 2016-07-14 | 2018-01-18 | Akzo Nobel Chemicals International B.V. | Thermally expandable thermoplastic microspheres and process for their preparation |
| US10663860B2 (en) * | 2017-02-20 | 2020-05-26 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Photosensitive compositions, quantum dot polymer composite produced therefrom, and layered structures and electronic device including the same |
| KR102258625B1 (ko) * | 2017-09-29 | 2021-05-28 | 코오롱인더스트리 주식회사 | 폴리에스테르 중합 조성물, 폴리에스테르 수지 마스터배치 칩 및 이를 이용한 폴리에스테르 필름 |
| JP7284573B2 (ja) * | 2018-12-04 | 2023-05-31 | 扶桑化学工業株式会社 | ４級アンモニウム基で表面修飾された金属酸化物粒子およびその製造方法 |
| EP4126334A1 (en) | 2020-04-03 | 2023-02-08 | Nouryon Chemicals International B.V. | Thermally expandable microspheres prepared from bio-based monomers |
| EP4126333A1 (en) | 2020-04-03 | 2023-02-08 | Nouryon Chemicals International B.V. | Thermally expandable microspheres prepared from bio-based monomers |
| CN116120777A (zh) * | 2023-01-03 | 2023-05-16 | 山东科翰硅源新材料有限公司 | 一种用于水性油墨的改性二氧化硅溶胶的制备方法 |
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| US2630410A (en) | 1949-04-19 | 1953-03-03 | Union Carbide & Carbon Corp | Nongelling aqueous silica sols stabilized with boron compounds |
| US3830738A (en) * | 1970-02-16 | 1974-08-20 | Ici Ltd | Surface treatment of particulate solids |
| FR2371493A1 (fr) * | 1976-09-29 | 1978-06-16 | Union Carbide Corp | Particules d'un oxyde mineral dont les surfaces ont ete traitees par un silane ou ses derives, et application |
| US4151154A (en) * | 1976-09-29 | 1979-04-24 | Union Carbide Corporation | Silicon treated surfaces |
| JPS56125464A (en) * | 1980-03-10 | 1981-10-01 | Ichikoh Ind Ltd | Curable composition for coating metal surface |
| US5176891A (en) | 1988-01-13 | 1993-01-05 | Eka Chemicals, Inc. | Polyaluminosilicate process |
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| EP2130876A1 (en) * | 2004-02-24 | 2009-12-09 | FUJIFILM Corporation | Inorganic fine particle dispersion and manufacturing method thereof as well as image-recording material |
| ES2712912T3 (es) * | 2004-10-25 | 2019-05-16 | Igm Group B V | Nanopartículas funcionalizadas |
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2012
- 2012-03-12 CN CN201280011996.5A patent/CN103415575B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2012-03-12 EP EP12707790.7A patent/EP2686388B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2012-03-12 US US14/005,327 patent/US20140000152A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2012-03-12 RU RU2013144724/04A patent/RU2584987C2/ru active
- 2012-03-12 WO PCT/EP2012/054189 patent/WO2012123386A1/en active Application Filing
- 2012-03-12 KR KR1020137024329A patent/KR101941047B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2012-03-12 PL PL12707790T patent/PL2686388T3/pl unknown
- 2012-03-12 BR BR112013022767A patent/BR112013022767A2/pt active Search and Examination
- 2012-03-12 JP JP2013558384A patent/JP2014513660A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 2012-03-12 CA CA2827376A patent/CA2827376C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2012-03-14 TW TW101108730A patent/TWI525099B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2013
- 2013-09-02 ZA ZA2013/06583A patent/ZA201306583B/en unknown
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2017
- 2017-02-17 JP JP2017028255A patent/JP6353567B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR101941047B1 (ko) | 2019-01-22 |
| CN103415575B (zh) | 2017-03-08 |
| CN103415575A (zh) | 2013-11-27 |
| WO2012123386A1 (en) | 2012-09-20 |
| RU2013144724A (ru) | 2015-04-20 |
| KR20140010955A (ko) | 2014-01-27 |
| PL2686388T3 (pl) | 2017-08-31 |
| CA2827376A1 (en) | 2012-09-20 |
| JP6353567B2 (ja) | 2018-07-04 |
| TWI525099B (zh) | 2016-03-11 |
| TW201245217A (en) | 2012-11-16 |
| US20140000152A1 (en) | 2014-01-02 |
| JP2014513660A (ja) | 2014-06-05 |
| EP2686388A1 (en) | 2014-01-22 |
| ZA201306583B (en) | 2015-04-29 |
| JP2017128504A (ja) | 2017-07-27 |
| CA2827376C (en) | 2019-04-02 |
| RU2584987C2 (ru) | 2016-05-27 |
| BR112013022767A2 (pt) | 2016-12-06 |
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