EP2534288A1

EP2534288A1 - Drawing frame for a spinning machine

Info

Publication number: EP2534288A1
Application number: EP11706461A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Ludek Malina
Original assignee: Maschinenfabrik Rieter AG
Current assignee: Maschinenfabrik Rieter AG
Priority date: 2010-02-12
Filing date: 2011-02-11
Publication date: 2012-12-19
Anticipated expiration: 2031-02-11
Also published as: CN102741463A; WO2011097746A4; JP2013519798A; EP2534288B1; US20120297748A1; CH702653A2; US8671657B2; WO2011097746A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a spinning machine comprising a drawing frame having a drawing frame unit (35, 65, 95) provided with a first pair of rollers consisting of a first lower roller (22, 42, 72) and a first upper roller (21, 41, 71). The drawing frame unit (35, 65, 95) is embodied as a structural component that is detachably fixed to the spinning machine by means of a fixing device (11, 59). The drawing frame unit (35, 65, 95) is preferably designed for one spinning station or as a twin drawing unit for two adjacent spinning stations. The unit can comprise other rollers that, together with the first pair of rollers, form a drawing zone of the drawing frame.

Description

Drafting system for a spinning machine

The invention relates to a drafting unit for a spinning machine with a first lower roller. Furthermore, the invention relates to a spinning machine with a drafting unit, combinations of such a spinning machine with other spinning machines and a spinning machine kit.

A drafting system has the task of stretching or distorting an supplied fiber structure in order to reduce the number of fibers in cross section in this way. In the event of distortion, the fibers must be displaced as uniformly as possible, overcoming the static friction, in order to obtain the most uniform possible fiber structure and subsequently a uniform yarn.

In the case of spinning machines, a distinction is made between roving and final spinning machines, also known as fine spinning machines. Roving machines, including in particular the flyer, produce from a sliver, in particular from a conveyor belt, a roving, which is processed in the next process stage by means of a final spinning machine to a yarn. Roving machines therefore contain a drafting system, which stretch a sliver, in particular a conveyor belt, to the fineness of a roving. End spinning machines in turn each contain drafting systems, which stretch the roving to the fineness of a yarn. There are also known end spinning machines, the drafting systems are designed with the omission of the roving on a conveyor belt to forgive in a process stage to the fineness of a yarn. The associated drafting systems are called in the literature high distortion drafting. In the context of this invention, all drafting device types mentioned above, alone or in combination with one of the spinning machines mentioned, are intended to fall within the scope of the present invention.

As a rule, a drafting system comprises a plurality of roller pairs arranged one behind the other and each forming a clamping line or a clamping region. The roller pairs each consist of a usually driven lower roller and an upper pressure roller through which the fiber structure is clamped. The fiber structure is thereby transposed through the pair of rolls to form a rotation distribution device.

CONFIRMATION COPY ported. The delay is generated by the circumferential speed increases from pair of rollers to pair of rollers in the direction of fiber travel. The delay between the two last pair of rollers in the direction of fiber travel is called the main delay, the sections before the previous delay. For example, there are spinning machines with one or two pre-distortions, while those which have only two pairs of rolls, ie only effect the actual main distortion, are not known in practice.

The fibers are pulled apart by entrainment of the fibers on the roll surfaces or over the aprons guided over them, for which purpose the fibers must approach approximately the peripheral speed of the rolls. The transfer of the roll movement to the fibers to be transported is done by friction.

To a good fiber guide contributes to the pair of rollers, from the terminal point of the main delay begins. Often, each of the two rolls is supplemented by at least one further deflecting element and a belt running around it and the rolls. This construction is known as Doppelriemchenstreckwerk.

An alternative to this is the Kepa drafting system, named after the inventors Kern and Pauen, which has changed this proven design: the lower roller and cage of the pair of rollers that initiate the main delay are replaced by a large lower roller while the upper apron and its cage are designed to be particularly long, so that the top and the large bottom roller for fiber guidance as long as possible in contact. The Kepa drafting system is executable like a standard drafting system as a two, three or four-roll drafting system. The Kepa drafting system is also used as a high-draft drafting system, which further increases the requirements for exact fiber guidance. Such a drafting system is z. As described in European Patent EP 0 350 797 B1.

As can be deduced from the above explanations, the drafting system is the heart of a spinning machine, because here the quality of the yarn produced is decided. Changes in the drafting system and its geometry can have a significant influence on the quality. This is probably a reason that in the area of the drafting system of spinning machines for a long time no fundamental changes have played. Thus, the drafting of ring spinning machines are still driven by common, extending over several spinning units or an entire machine longitudinal side rollers. Consequently, drafting systems must be operated synchronously on one side of the machine. An individual spinning station operation is not possible. The ever-increasing spinning machines cause torsional problems in the drafting rollers, so that must be worked with multiple drives. Thus, the drafting systems can only be shut down to a limited extent or maintained individually. Object of the present invention is to provide a spinning machine with a plurality of spinning stations and their associated drafting, which allows more flexibility in operating the spinning stations, and simplifies the maintenance of the drafting, without the operation must be limited to the spinning machine. This object is achieved in that the drafting unit is formed as an assembly, wherein the first lower roller is rotatably supported via its roll axis to a base support of the drafting unit, and wherein the drafting unit includes a first top roller, and the first lower roller with the first top roller a first pair of rollers forming, which forms a clamping area in the operating position, and the first top roller is fastened to the base carrier via a loading device, in particular via a pivotable guide arm, and the drafting unit can be detachably mounted on the spinning machine by means of a fastening device, wherein the drafting unit for a spinning station or some adjacent Spinning, so only for a part of the spinning units of the spin machine is designed. In particular, the unit is designed as a twin drafting unit for two adjacent spinning stations. The first lower roller may follow a second lower roller in the unit.

The state of the art for this concept is the publication of the German patent application DE 39 04 348 to call. With the device described therein, however, the disadvantages of conventional drafting systems described above are not avoided. The first top roller and possibly further rollers are preferably fastened to the base carrier via a loading device, in particular via a pivotable guide arm. The drafting unit includes according to a preferred development of the invention, following the first top roller in the process direction, a second top roller, which forms a second pair of rollers with a clamping area together with a second, driven bottom roller. Between the first and second roller pair, a main draft zone is preferably formed. The second lower roller may be mounted in the drafting unit or separately. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, however, the second, driven lower roller is arranged on the spinning machine. In this case, the second lower roller extends over several spinning positions in the machine longitudinal direction. The lower rollers of the drafting units are segmented accordingly and preferably extend only over the drafting area of a spinning station or a pair of spinning stations. Likewise, the top rollers of the drafting unit, as already the case with today's spinning machines, are segmented, ie they preferably also extend only over the drafting area of a spinning station or a pair of spinning stations.

The lower roller (s) is / are preferably connected via bearing receptacles with the base support. The drafting unit is expedient over the base support on the spinning machine, in particular on a drafting system, mounted and secured. The drafting unit preferably lies above the base carrier on the drafting system carrier. For this purpose, the basic carrier can have first guide means, which interact with second guide means on the spinning machine or on the drafting device carrier. The guide device with first and second guide means allows the positioning and alignment of the drafting unit on the spinning machine. The guide device can be designed both for positioning the drafting unit in the fiber flow direction and transversely thereto. Furthermore, the guide device can also be designed for adjusting the outlet angle of the fiber sliver, ie for adjusting the drafting system inclination. On the base support adjusting means may be provided which allow the displacement of the first lower roller and optionally the inlet lower roller and possibly the second lower roller relative to the base carrier transversely to the roller axis in the fiber flow direction. In this way, the size of the default fields, ie roll distances, set on the drafting unit. It is also possible that the delay distances are variable only by an adjustability of the top rollers. The guide device or the adjusting means may include a rail guide.

Furthermore, adjusting means may be provided which control the displacement of the drafting tool carrier and / or the drive shaft z. B. allow in fiber flow direction relative to the spinning machine. The drafting system carrier and drive shaft can be fastened to the cylinder supports by connecting components.

The base support may be formed one or more parts. The basic carrier or the individual basic carrier elements can consist of rolled products, cast parts or pressed parts. The base support may further include a housing for receiving rolling bearings and / or a gear assembly.

By means of the loading device, the first upper roller in the operating position against the first lower roller can be pressed. If the drafting unit contains a second top roller, it can likewise be pressed against the second bottom roller via the loading device in the operating position. The loading device preferably contains a pivotable guide arm, also called a loading arm, on which the top roller (s) is / are mounted. The guide arm is pivotably mounted directly or indirectly on the spinning frame and preferably on the drafting unit unit via an articulated connection such that the top roll (s) can be pivoted away from or towards the bottom roll (s) perpendicular to the roll axis direction. can. The guide arm may be pivotally attached to the base of the drafting unit via another component.

The loading of the guide arm is preferably carried out via a clamping device. The clamping device comprises first clamping means on the loading device and second clamping means on the drafting unit, and / or on the spinning machine, in particular on the drafting system. The tensioning device is preferably a quick-release device, as described in more detail below in the context of the fastening device. The clamping device is part of the fastening device. The fastening device expediently contains first fastening means arranged on the drafting unit unit, by means of which the drafting unit unit can be detachably fastened to the spinning machine in cooperation with second fastening means arranged on the spinning frame and / or also on the drafting unit. The releasable fastening device is preferably a quick release, in particular a quick release device. The quick release device is characterized by a self-locking in the closed position. To generate the self-locking, the quick-release device with an eccentric, which is operated by a lever, the so-called clamping lever, work together. During the clamping process, the eccentric is slightly swung over a pressure point and mechanically struck.

The quick-release device can also be instead of an eccentric an interaction of groove and cam, in which a first pivotable fastening means falls when a clamping force is exceeded by engaging a cam in a groove in a self-locking position. The first fastening means takes the groove or the cam and the second fastening means receives the cam or the groove.

The quick-release device may also include a toggle mechanism in which a locking lever rotatably mounted on a hinge is feasible to a stop and thereby falls into a self-locking position. All quick release devices have in common that a lever movement about a pivot axis is necessary to set the self-locking. The locking force of the quick-release device in the self-locking, in particular when it is a clamping device for the guide arm, is preferably adjustable, in particular via a set screw. To generate an additional operating load on the guide arm, a pressure generating device may be provided. be seen, which can exert an additional pressure on the guide arm on the second clamping means.

In order to carry out the aforementioned further development, the second clamping means may comprise a pressure arm which is pivotally mounted on the base carrier of the drafting unit or the spinning machine and which in operative position is in operative connection with the pressure device on the spinning machine. The printing device can, for. B. pneumatically or hydraulically. The printing device can be individually per spinning station or spinning station pair, or over several spinning stations, z. B. over a section, be provided. This allows a common pressurization or pressure relief for several spinning stations.

The drafting device carrier is preferably designed as an open or closed longitudinal profile, preferably a tubular profile, in particular a quadrangular or hexagonal tube profile. The drafting system carrier extends in the machine longitudinal direction over one or more spinning stations on one side of the machine. The drafting system can be one or more parts. The drafting device carrier is preferably fastened to cylinder supports.

The drafting unit is connected to the drive preferably via a coupling device with the spinning machine, by means of which the first lower roller can be coupled to a drive shaft of the spinning machine. A coupling device is here a machine element for transmitting torques in waves. The coupling device is for producing a connection for transmitting torque from the drive shaft of the spinning machine at least to the first lower roller of the drafting unit. Accordingly, the coupling device includes first coupling means on the drafting unit and second coupling means on the spinning machine. The drive shaft on the spinning machine preferably extends over several, in particular more than two spinning stations, in particular via one or more sections or over all spinning stations in the machine longitudinal direction.

The first lower roller thus decreases torque via the coupling device from the drive shaft. The coupling device is preferably part of a gear arrangement with first gear means on the drafting unit and second gear means the spinning machine. The gear arrangement can, for. As a gear transmission, a worm gear be a friction gear. Furthermore, the use of belt drives is conceivable. Between lower roller and drive shaft, a transmission gear is preferably provided.

The individual coupling devices and gearboxes can be used independently of the drafting system concept used and are therefore not limited to the particular drafting device design with which they are described together. If the drafting unit also includes the second lower roller, it is preferably connected in the same way and by the same means as described above to a drive shaft on the spinning machine. The first and second lower rollers can draw their torque from the same drive shaft on the spinning machine. In this case, at least one of the lower rollers is associated with a transmission gear. The first and second lower rollers can also obtain their torque from different drive shafts on the spinning machine. Both drive shafts preferably extend over several, in particular more than two spinning stations, in particular via one or more sections or over all spinning stations in the machine longitudinal direction. However, the drafting unit may also be equipped with one or more electric motor single drive (s) for driving the first and / or the second lower roller. The single drive drives the lower roller directly or indirectly via a gearbox. A possible transmission is also part of the drafting unit. Correspondingly, interfaces are provided on the drafting units via which the individual drives can be connected to the power supply of the spinning machine. Furthermore, data interfaces are provided, via which the drives can be connected to the machine control or to another control outside the drafting unit. The invention further relates to a spinning machine with at least one and preferably a plurality of drafting unit units according to the invention. The spinning machine is characterized in that the drafting unit is mounted as an assembly releasably via a fastening device on the spinning machine. The drafting unit is mounted on the base carrier on the spinning machine, in particular on the drafting device. The base carrier may comprise first guide means, which cooperate with second guide means on a component, in particular on a drafting device carrier of the spinning machine. The guide device with first and second guide means allows the positioning and alignment of the drafting unit on the spinning machine. The guide device can comprise a rail guide, in particular a slide rail guide, by means of which the drafting unit is pushed onto the drafting system carrier or another component on the spinning machine, pushed to the correct position and fixed or locked by means of a fastening device.

The spinning machine preferably contains a driven shaft extending over several spinning stations, in particular over more than two spinning stations, advantageously over one or more sections. Second coupling means are on the one hand directly or indirectly connected to the driven shaft and on the other hand to the first coupling means on the drafting unit, so that the drive power of the first lower roller of the drafting unit can be supplied. Per spinning station or per spinning station pair such a coupling device is provided in each case.

In the case of two-sided spinning machines, a separate drive shaft can be provided for each machine side for driving the first lower roller of the drafting unit. However, it is also possible that a common drive shaft is provided for both sides of the machine. Accordingly, coupling devices lead to the spinning stations on both sides of the machine. In this case, the drive shaft is arranged in cross-sectional view more or less centrally in the center of the machine.

The spinning machine preferably includes a drafting system carrier extending along several spinning stations, preferably over more than two spinning stations, in particular over one or more sections and particularly preferably over all spinning stations of a machine side. On the drafting system carrier, preferably two attachment means are provided per spinning station or pair of spinning stations for receiving a drafting system. unit attached. Furthermore, as already mentioned, second guide means can also be arranged on the drafting device carrier.

Preferably, both the locking of the drafting unit on the spinning machine and the loading of the guide arm, i. the pressure of the upper rollers on the lower rollers. The operating load of the guide arm can be done pneumatically or hydraulically as already described above in a known manner. Accordingly, a pneumatic or hydraulic pressure device may be provided on the spinning machine.

The drafting unit of the spinning machine may include a loading device with guide arm, and the loading of the guide arm via a clamping device with first clamping means on the guide arm and second clamping means on the spinning machine and / or on the drafting unit, wherein the clamping device is preferably part of the fastening device.

Furthermore, it is proposed that both the locking of the drafting unit on the spinning machine and the loading of the guide arm via the fastening device takes place.

The spinning machine can, considered in the process direction, include an upstream of the first pair of rollers additional inlet roller pair. Between the inlet roller pair and the first pair of rollers, a pre-draft zone is formed. The lower or upper roller of the inlet roller pair are driven. Preferably, however, the inlet lower roller is driven. In this case, the driven inlet lower roller preferably extends over several, in particular more than two spinning stations, in particular via one or more sections or over all spinning stations in the machine longitudinal direction. The drive shaft of the inlet roller preferably extends over several, in particular more than two spinning stations, in particular via one or more sections or over all spinning stations in the machine longitudinal direction. Alternatively, the drafting unit can be a single electric motor for driving the inlet Bottom roller included. Between the inlet sub-roller and the drive, a gear arrangement may be provided. Any coupling devices may be part of gear arrangements per spinning station or spinning station pair. For further information on the drive concept of the inlet bottom roll reference is made to the comments on the drive of the first bottom roll above, which should also be valid for the inlet bottom roll.

On the discharge side of the drafting zone of the drafting system, it is also possible to arrange a pneumatic compacting device which compresses the drawn sliver. According to this particular further development, the outlet lower roller preferably corresponds to a driven suction roller. The outlet top roller is in the operating position of the suction roller and forms with this the outlet clamping line. In connection with the outlet upper roller, a rotational locking upper roller is arranged in the process direction, which forms a rotational locking gap together with the suction roller. Between the discharge upper roller and the rotational locking upper roller, the compression zone lies on the suction roller. The rotational locking upper roller is preferably also arranged on the loading device, in particular via a bearing receptacle on the guide arm of the drafting unit. The suction roll and the associated suction device, however, are expediently attached to the spinning machine and extend over one or more spinning stations in the machine longitudinal direction. Such a compacting device is z. As described in EP-A-1 304 403 or DE-196 25 526.

Instead of a suction roll having a driven outer circumference, a vacuum channel for fiber bundling means may be provided from a tubular base support adjacent to the compression zone, ie adjacent to the outlet roll pair, the outer contour of which contains a first sliding surface per spinning station for an air-permeable conveyor belt Having in the circumferential direction of the base carrier extending suction slot. The anti-rotation gap is formed here by the base carrier and a rotary locking upper roller, which abuts the base carrier adjacent to the compression zone. The rotary locking roller can, for. B. be driven and in turn drive the conveyor belt in this way. The turn-lock upper roller is here also preferably connected to the loading device, in particular via a bearing receptacle with the guide arm of the drafting unit. The In contrast, the pressure duct and the associated suction device are expediently attached to the spinning machine and extend over one or more spinning stations in the machine longitudinal direction. Such a device is z. As described in DE-A-10 2004 062 796.

The spinning machine or the drafting units may also contain aggregates for the production of effect yarn and / or core yarn. For core yarn, this can, for. B. deflecting guides, which feed the core yarn the fiber structure at the desired location. Subsequent to the drafting unit or the compacting device follows at each spinning station a Drehungsausungs- and winding device for the yarn. The spinning machine with drafting system according to the invention is preferably an air-jet spinning, ring spinning, funnel spinning, loop spinning, pot spinning machine or a roving spinning machine, in particular a flyer. In the following will be discussed in more detail on the drafting system. The drafting unit or the drafting system on the spinning machine is not limited to a specific drafting unit type. Rather, various drafting concepts can be implemented in the context of this invention. It is even a particular advantage of the present invention that different drafting system types can be used on a spinning machine in the sense of the likewise claimed kit concept. A detailed description of the following, possible drafting system types can be found z. In WO publication 2008/052370

The drafting unit is part of a conventional double apron drafting system according to a first drafting system design. The first lower roller is wrapped by a over a deflection, preferably deflection, guided Unterriemchen. The first upper roll in turn is wrapped by a guided in a cage upper apron. Under- and Oberriemchen form in this way a Riemchenführung over which the fiber strand is guided in the main draft zone. The drafting unit may further comprise a tensioning device, for. B. with tension spring include, which tensions the Unterriemchen and thus ensures a uniform Riemchenlauf. The drafting unit is part of a previously discussed in the introduction Kepa drafting system according to a second drafting system. The Kepa drafting system includes a pair of rollers with a top and bottom roller, which form a main drafting field. A top apron is looped around the top roller and stretched over a corresponding guide or apron cage in such a way that it wraps around the so-called kepa bottom roller over part of its circumference. That is, the upper apron runs along a partial circumference of the Kepa lower roller. In the area of the common partial looping, the sliver is guided between the upper apron and the Kepa lower roller. The Kepa lower roller is characterized on the one hand by the fact that it is not looped by a Unterriemchen and on the other hand, that this formed much larger than the associated upper roller or as the main draft lower roller conventional Doppelriemchen-drafting. The kepa roller pair corresponds in the present invention to the first roller pair. The drafting unit is, according to a third drafting system, part of a double apron drafting system with a large bottom roller. The lower roller is here also entwined by a Unterriemchen. However, the diameter of the lower roller is substantially larger than that of the upper roller or that of conventional double Riemchenstreckwerken, and z. B. correspond to the diameter of a Kepa lower roller. Accordingly, the wrap angle between the lower roll and Unterriemchen is much larger than in conventional double Riemchenstreckwer- ken. The lower roll is preferably made with a high friction material, e.g. B. coated with a rubber material. In this way, the slip between straps and bottom rollers can be reduced.

The Unterriemchen is guided over a deflection device, in particular a deflection bridge. The upper apron can, in analogy to the Kepa drafting system, wrap around the main draft lower roll in a partial circumference which is also wrapped around the lower apron. Upper and Unterriemchen can thus embrace a partial circumference of the lower roller together according to this further development of the invention. In the area of the joint Teilumschlingung the sliver is guided between upper and Unterriemchen. The extent of said partial extent may correspond to the sizes mentioned above in connection with the Kepa drafting system.

In addition or as an alternative to this, a deflection guide for the lower apron towards the pair of outfeed rollers can be provided on the outlet side of the main draft zone, which causes the lower apron to be bent at an angle, e.g. B. tangentially, runs away in the fiber flow direction of the lower roller. The upper apron preferably follows the course of the lower apron so that a guided region is formed between the lower and Oberriemchen.

In a further development of the invention it can be provided that the upper apron receives no or only insignificant partial looping with the main draft lower roller. In this embodiment, the lower apron is guided away in a side facing the upper apron approximately tangentially from the main draft lower roller and guided over a fiber in the direction of flow adjacent to and spaced from the main draft lower roller guide, in particular deflection bridge. The guided in a cage Oberriemchen forms with the Unterriemchen between the clamping region of the first upper and lower rollers and the deflection bridge a guide zone for the sliver.

The special feature of the described lower roller with Riemchenführung is that the Unterriemchen is performed in contrast to conventional Unterriemchenführung over a much larger subset of the main draft-lower roller. Thus, the slip between the lower roller and Unterriemchen is significantly reduced.

The wrap angle of the lower apron on the large lower roll is expediently 140 ° or more, preferably 180 ° or more. The wrap angle is further preferably 270 ° or less, and more preferably 225 ° or less. The wrap angle defines that peripheral area of the lower roller against which the strap rests.

The large bottom roller according to the second and third drafting device design can have a diameter D of 30 mm or larger, preferably 35 mm or larger, in particular 40 mm or larger and particularly advantageous 50 mm or larger. The diameter D is suitably 100 mm or smaller, preferably 80 mm or smaller and in particular 70 mm or smaller. A particularly preferred diameter range is 45 to 60 mm. The main lower draft roller drafting roller pair containing the large lower roller with or without lower apron guide has a preferred diameter ratio lower to upper roller of 1.2 or greater, in particular 1.5 or greater, advantageously 1.8 or greater. The diameter ratio is preferably 3 or smaller, in particular 2.5 or smaller, and advantageously 2.2 or smaller.

The Oberriemchenkäfig as well as Riemchenführungen, z. B. deflecting bridges, clamping devices or side guide elements for the Unterriemchen are preferably attached to the base support. To avoid slippage between the roller and Führungsriemchen positive guides, such. As gears, be provided between the moving components.

In summary, the drafting device according to the invention can contain the following form-locking drive guides, such as toothings, individually or in any combination with one another: a. the Unterriemchen the first lower roller has an internal toothing, which meshes with the outer toothing of the first lower roller, or is engaged; b. the Unterriemchen the first lower roller has an external toothing, which meshes with an outer toothing of the Oberriemchens the first upper roller, or is engaged; c. the Oberriemchen the first upper roller has an external toothing, which meshes with an external toothing on the first lower roller, or is in engagement; d. the first upper roller has an outer toothing which meshes with the outer toothing of the first lower roller or is engaged. The external teeth of the both first rollers of the external teeth according to point a. or d. correspond. e. the Unterriemchen the first lower roller has an external toothing, which meshes with an outer toothing of the first upper roller, or is engaged;

The term gearing means in the context of this patent application any arrangement of elevations and / or depressions or openings in the surface of the corresponding machine part, wherein on the opposite machine part counter-trained depressions and / or elevations are to be found, so that the two mentioned parts in the form-fitting Engage with each other. A detailed description of such form-fitting connections can also be found in the mentioned WO publication.

The drafting unit units of the same drafting system type or different drafting system types are further preferably characterized by the fact that their connection interfaces to the spinning machine are compatible with respect to the fastening device and optionally guide device and / or the tensioning device.

Furthermore, with regard to the desired interchangeability of drafting units at the spinning frame, the drive interfaces (coupling means) developed between the first and optionally further lower rolls and the drive shaft or shafts of the spinning machine should be compatible with one another independently of the drafting system type realized on the drafting unit unit be.

In this way, drafting units can be replaced easily and with little effort and regardless of the drafting system against other drafting units. Thus, different yarns can be produced at the individual spinning stations or pairs of spinning stations by targeted use of specific drafting system types and specific drafting device settings. Due to the segmentation of the lower roller (s) on the individual drafting systems or twin drafting systems, the roller distances and thus the default fields or other geometries in the drafting system can be set individually. len. The drafting systems or twin drafting systems can also be operated independently of the other drafting systems or put out of service.

Furthermore, a yarn breakage monitoring system with yarn breakage sensors can be installed on the spinning machine. By means of an appropriate control and actuator system, when a yarn breakage is reported at a spinning station, the relevant spinning station or the spinning station pair or the associated drafting system can now be shut down, with the remaining spinning stations remaining in operation. This can be done by z. B. the single drive of the lower roller (s) is switched off or a coupling connection between the lower roller (s) and drive shaft (s) of the spinning machine is released.

The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to the drawings, wherein the description is not to be understood as exhaustive, but is merely illustrative. Show it:

1 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a receiving device of a

Spinning machine for the drafting units;

Fig. 2a: a first embodiment of a drafting unit;

Fig. 2b: a first embodiment of a fixed to the spinning machine

Drawing unit;

Fig. 2c: a first embodiment of a fixed to the spinning machine

Drafting unit with a first version for the roller drive;

Fig. 2d: a first embodiment of a fixed to the spinning machine

Drafting unit with a second version for the roller drive;

Fig. 2e: a first embodiment of a fixed to the spinning machine

Drafting unit with a third version for the roller drive;

3a shows a second embodiment of a drafting unit;

Fig. 3b: a second embodiment of a fixed to the spinning machine

Drawing unit; FIG. 3c shows a second embodiment of a drafting unit unit attached to the spinning machine with a first embodiment for the roller drive; FIG.

Fig. 3d: a second embodiment of a fixed to the spinning machine

Drafting unit with a second version for the roller drive; Fig. 3e: a second embodiment of a fixed to the spinning machine

Drafting unit with a third version for the roller drive;

4a shows a third embodiment of a drafting unit;

Fig. 4b: a third embodiment of a fixed to the spinning machine

Drawing unit;

Fig. 4c: a third embodiment of a fixed to the spinning machine

Drafting unit with a first version for the roller drive;

Fig. 4d: a third embodiment of a fixed to the spinning machine

Drafting unit with a second version for the roller drive;

Fig. 4e: a third embodiment of a fixed to the spinning machine

Drafting unit with a third version for the roller drive;

5a shows a fourth embodiment of a drafting unit;

Fig. 5b: a detail of the embodiment according to Fig. 5a.

5c shows a side view of the embodiment according to FIG. 5a.

Fig. 6: a device for the production of roving, which can be combined with a spinning machine with drafting units

FIG. 1 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a receiving device 1 of a spinning machine for drafting unit units 35, 65, 95. The receiving device comprises a drafting system carrier 4, which extends in the machine longitudinal direction and is more likely to be e.g. B. may be a profile, in particular an extrusion profile or sheet metal profile. At the drafting system support 4 second fastening means or second clamping means 3 for locking the drafting unit or for loading the guide arm are arranged. The spinning machine also has a driven outflow lower roller 2 running along several spinning stations, preferably more than two spinning stations. In a compression drafting system (not shown in the figures), this outfeed sub-roller may also be be a driven suction roll. The receiving device forms the basis for receiving drafting units 35, 65, 95 of different drafting device types according to FIGS. 2a, 3a and 4a. All drafting units 35, 75, 95 shown have in common that they contain a first lower roller 22, 42, 72, which are supported on a base support 17, 47, 77 via corresponding bearing receptacles. Furthermore, the drafting unit 35, 75, 95 includes a first upper roll 21, 41, 71 and, subsequent to the first upper roll 21, 41, 71 in the process direction, a second upper roll 19, 49, 79, which corresponds to the outfeed roll. The drafting unit 35, 75, 95 further comprises a loading device 12, 42, 72, which is connected via a base member 14, 44, 74 with the base support 17, 47, 77. The loading device 12, 42, 72 further includes a guide arm 13, 43, 73, which is connected via a rotary joint 15, 45, 75 with the base member 14, 44, 74. The first and second upper rollers 21, 41, 71; 19, 49, 79 are about bearing receivers 20, 40, 70; 18, 48, 78 arranged on the guide arm 13, 43, 73.

Furthermore, the drafting unit 35, 75, 95 first fastening or clamping means comprising a clamping lever 16, 46, 76, by means of which in cooperation with the second fastening or clamping means 3, comprising a guide rod and eccentric means (not shown ), the drafting unit 35, 75, 95 attached to the drafting system support 4 of the spinning machine and the guide arm is loaded.

Figures 2a, 3a and 4a show three drafting units 35, 75, 95, each with a different type of stretching machine, which, however, with respect to their attachment (by means of fastening device) and possibly guide (by means of guide means) on the spinning machine are compatible. In other words, the connection interfaces between the basic carrier and the drafting system carrier are always compatible with each other, despite the different drafting device versions. According to FIGS. 2 a, 3 a and 4 a, the drafting unit units 35, 75, 95 are each placed on the drafting member carrier 4 via the basic carrier 17, 47, 77. The guide rod 3 of the fastening or clamping device engages in the assembled state of the drafting unit 35, 75, 95 through a hole in the first clamping or fastening means. By moving the clamping lever 16, 46, 76, the fastening or clamping device is in a self-locking Guided position, in which the drafting unit 35, 75, 95 fixed to the drafting system support 4 and the guide arm 13, 43, 73 with the top rollers 21, 41, 71; 19, 49, 79 is loaded. The first upper roller 21, 41, 71 is in the loaded state of the guide arm 13, 43, 73 to form a clamping region of the first lower roller. The second upper roller 19, 49, 79 is in the loaded state of the guide arm 13, 43, 73 to form a nip line of the second lower roller 2 on the spinning machine. Between the first and second roller pair, a main drafting zone is formed in each case.

Fig. 2a shows a first embodiment of a drafting unit 35, which is designed as a double apron drafting. In the first lower roller 22 is a large lower roller 22. The lower roller 22 is wrapped by a Unterriemchen 25, which is guided over a deflection bridge 27. Around the first top roller 21, a top apron 26 is looped, which is guided in a cage 28. The top apron 26 and bottom apron 25 form a fiber guide in the drafting field in the operating position. Unlike conventional double-belt drafting systems (see FIG. 4a), the present device does not include a belt tensioning device. Further, the Unterriemchen on the first lower roller on a much larger wrap angle. The described drafting unit is part of the third drafting arrangement according to the general description part. For further details, please refer to the corresponding explanations.

3a shows a further embodiment of a drafting unit 65, which is designed as a Kepa drafting system. The first lower roller is a large Kepa lower roller 22 without Riemchenführung. Around the first top roller 41, a top apron 56 is looped, which is guided in a cage 58. The upper apron 56 is guided in the cage 58 in such a way that it runs in the operating position along a partial circumference of the Kepa lower roller and forms a fiber guide in the drafting field together with the looped part circumference of the lower roller. The described drafting unit belongs to the second drafting arrangement according to the general description part. For further details reference is made to corresponding statements. FIG. 4a shows a further embodiment of a drafting unit 35, which is designed as a conventional double apron drafting system. The first lower roller 22 is wrapped by a guided over a deflection bridge 87 Unterriemchen 85. The first top roller 71 in turn is wrapped by a top plate 86 guided in a cage. Under- and Oberriemchen form in this way a guide over which the fiber strand is guided in the main drafting zone. The drafting unit 35 further comprises a tensioning device 89 attached to the base support 77, which tensioning the lower apron 85 and thus ensures a uniform Riemchenführung. The described drafting unit belongs to the first

Drawframe design according to the general description part. For further details reference is made to corresponding statements.

FIGS. 2c, 3c, 4c, furthermore 2d, 3d, 4d and 2e, 3e, 4e show different drive concepts for the first lower roller of the different drafting device types.

The drive concept according to FIGS. 2c, 3c, 4c provides a central drive shaft 24 which extends over several spinning positions, in particular over more than two spinning positions. Via a gear transmission gear with gears 23, 53, 83, the torque is removed from the drive shaft 24 and the first lower roller 22 fed. The first lower roller 22 is correspondingly coupled to a toothing, which is in operative connection with the transmission gear or is part of it. The coupling device here comprises intermeshing gears. The axes of rotation of the drive shaft and the first lower roller are parallel to each other. The drive concept according to FIGS. 2e, 3e, 4e provides a central drive shaft 32 which extends over several spinning positions, in particular over more than two spinning positions. Via a worm gear, the torque is removed from the drive shaft 32 and fed to the first lower roller 22. The worm gear comprises a first worm wheel device 33, via which the torque is transmitted from the drive shaft 32 to an intermediate shaft arranged transversely to the drive shaft. By means of a second worm wheel device 35, the torque is transmitted from the intermediate shaft to the first lower roller 22, whose axis of rotation is again transverse to the intermediate shaft and in particular parallel to the drive shaft. The first terwalze 22 is coupled in accordance with a toothing, which is in operative connection with the second Schneckenradeinrichtung. The intermediate shaft is interrupted by a positive coupling in two parts. That part of the intermediate shaft connected to the first worm gear 33, 63, 93 is fixed to the spinning machine. That part of the intermediate shaft Z, which is connected to the second worm gear, is part of the drafting unit 39, 69, 99. When assembling the drafting unit 39, 69, 99 on the spinning machine, the two intermediate shaft parts Z1, Z2 of the intermediate shaft Z via the coupling 34, 64, 94 interconnected. The coupling 34 (FIG. 2e) consists of separable coupling means 34a and 34b, the coupling means 34a being fixedly connected to the intermediate shaft part Z1 and the coupling means 34b to the intermediate shaft part Z2. The same applies in the other exemplary embodiments of FIGS. 3e and 4e with the selected other reference numerals of the couplings 64, 94. The drive concept according to FIGS. 2d, 3d, 4d provides for a plurality of spinning stations, in particular over more than two spinning stations , Central drive shaft 30 before. Via a toothed belt transmission 31, 61, 91, the torque is removed from the drive shaft 30 and fed to the first lower roller 22. The first lower roller 22 is correspondingly coupled to a toothing which is in operative connection with the toothed belt transmission 31, 61, 91 or is part of it. The coupling device here comprises toothed belt and toothed wheel. The axes of rotation of the drive shaft and the first lower roller are parallel to each other.

The drafting unit 100 according to FIG. 5a contains at least one or a multi-part base carrier 101, which has two surface elements 101a, 101b, eg, which are arranged at a distance side by side and connected to one another via a connecting element 101c. Punching; see also Fig. 5b and Fig. 5c. Within the element 101c, a part of an intermediate gear 131 can be seen. According to Fig. 5c, side elevation looking in the direction of arrow 5c on the embodiment in Fig. 5a, the closing lever 120 is forked between 2 base supports 101a, 101b by means of 2 axes 124 connected to the guide arm 126, wherein the pressure arm 118 between the mentioned parts lies. A drafting unit 100 may be designed as a twin drafting unit for two adjacent workstations. Two lower rollers 02, 103, which are connected to one another via a connecting axle, are held on the basic carrier 101 via corresponding bearing receptacles. The surface elements 101a, 101b have openings for this purpose. The lower rollers 102, 103, which are designed as large lower rollers according to one of the drafting device embodiments described above, are each looped around by a lower belt 104 guided over a deflection bridge 105. The lower apron 104 is held on the lower roller 103 via a lateral guide 111 also fastened to the base carrier 101 and prevented from sliding sideways. The first upper rollers 110 of a top roller pair are each surrounded by a guided in a cage 109 Oberriemchen (not shown). The sliver (not shown) is passed between the upper and lower aprons in a main drafting field.

In principle, the drafting unit 101 shown may also comprise a different type of drafting device, for. B. a Kepa drafting system or a conventional Riemchen- drafting with Riemchenspanneinrichtung. The drafting unit 100 is mounted on a support surface 106 on the base support 101 on a designed as a hexagonal tube profile, extending in the longitudinal direction of the spinning frame, drafting device carrier 113. The spinning machine further comprises an output sub-roller 112 extending over a plurality of spinning stations, which may also be a suction drum of a compacting device. The output sub-roller 112 forms with the outlet top rollers 107, 108 the outlet roller pair.

The drafting unit 100 further comprises a loading device 1 9 with a at the upper end portion of the surface elements 101 a, 101 b via a pivoting connection 125 rotatably mounted guide arm 126. The guide arm 126 is a

Locking lever 120 pivotally mounted. The loading device 119 is in operative connection with a likewise at the upper end portion of the surface elements 101a, 101b rotatably mounted pressure arm 118. However, the pressure arm 118 may just as well be rotatably mounted on a component of the spinning machine.

The spinning machine includes a pneumatic pressure device 1 4, which comprises a guided in the cavity of the drafting device carrier 113 pneumatic hose. The pressure arm 118 is connected via an intermediate device 115 via a Pressionsdaumen 118c at its end in operative connection with the pressure device 114. The operative connection between the pneumatic pressure device 114, the pressure arm 118 and the guide arm 119 will now be explained in more detail below.

To close the drafting of the guide arm 126 is lowered by a pivoting movement of the closing lever 120 about the pivot point 124 downward. In this case, the two upper roller pairs lie on their corresponding lower rollers 102, 103; 2. When lowering the closing lever 120 snaps after exceeding a pressure point when pressure is applied to the closing lever 120, a cam 123 on the closing lever in a recess on the pressure arm 118, so that there is a self-locking in the closed position of the guide arm 119. The top rollers 110; 107, 08 are now the lower rollers 102, 103; 12 on. By means of the pressure device 114, the load of the top rollers 110; 107, 108 on the lower rollers 102, 103; 112 set. For this purpose, the pressure tube belonging to the pneumatic pressure device 114 is expanded. By the cross-sectional dimension of the tube, a pressure on a pressing arm 18 acting on or associated with this Pressionsdaumen 118c exerted, whereby the pressure arm 118 undergoes a deflection and transmits the Auslenkdruck on the cam 23 via its recess 118b. Thereby, the guide arm and thus the top rollers 110; 107, 108 more strongly on the lower rollers 102, 103; 112 pressed. During the spinning operation, the guide arm 1 9 is thus additionally loaded by the pressure device 114. When the machine is stopped, the guide arm 119 is relieved of pressure in the pressure hose, so that it is only burdened by the self-locking. Thereby, a deformation of the top rollers 110; 107, 108 avoided during long downtimes. Since the centrally controlled printing device 114 extends over a plurality of spinning stations, the spinning stations connected to the printing device can be loaded and unloaded together from a single, central location. be. The production of self-locking, however, takes place individually per spinning station or pair of spinning stations.

The first lower roller 103 is driven by a shaft 116 extending over several spinning positions on the spinning machine. The shaft 1 6 is housed protected in a shaft housing 17. The torque is transmitted via a gear arrangement from the shaft 116 to the lower rollers 102, 103. The shaft housing 17 contains openings (not shown) into which gear elements engage in order to transmit torque to the first lower roller 102, 103. The coupling device is part of the gear arrangement here. The connecting element 101 c of FIG. 5b is formed as a housing part, which receives gear elements, such as gears, the gear assembly and this holds. In the embodiment of Fig. 5a, the shaft 116 is connected via an intermediate gear with a driven gear 132 which is coaxial and non-rotatably connected to the or the lower roller (s) 02, 03, said gear elements may be formed as gears. Instead of a shaft 16, which in turn has a el. Drive, also a driven gear 116 of an electric motor can be provided, which is responsible for only a small number of spinning stations. In a long spinning machine then a large number of such motors must be arranged. The gear ratio between the shaft or the output gear 116 and a lower roller 102, 103 should be selected such that the former rotates the element 116 at least four times faster than the lower roller 102, so that the shaft 116 or the electric motor on the driven gear 116 will be weak can be dimensioned. According to FIG. 5 a, a drafting unit according to the invention is arranged in a lower part with supporting surfaces 106 for a drafting system carrier 113 in the spinning machine, furthermore a middle part with a gearbox 130 on a lower roller 102, 103 and an upper part with a pivoting connection 125 for a loading device 119 divided. The loading device 119 is pivotally connected in the pivot connection 125 by means of an axis 125a with the base support 101 of the drafting unit 100. However, the load device also includes a pressure arm 118 which, as a multi-angled or curved lever, has at its upper end a recess 118b which cooperates with a cam 123 of a closing lever 120, which rather closing lever in a pivot point 124 is pivotally mounted on a guide arm 126 of the loading device 119. The pressure arm 118 has at its first upper bend or bend not far from the recess 118b on a further recess 118a, by means of which the pressure arm when closing the loading device 119 can be supported on the base support 101, 101a, 101b, in particular on the axis 125a of the base support. In its central portion of the pressure arm 118 is cranked or curved to leave free space for the drive element 116, in particular a shaft or a motor, for the drafting device and for a shaft housing 117. In the lower part of the pressure arm 118 is another angled or curved, with a so-called Pressionsdaumen 118c sitting at the end of the bend, which is acted upon by the pressure device 1 4 within the drafting device carrier 113. According to FIG. 5a, the lower part of the pressure arm 118 is guided in a pocket 115 which surrounds the pressure arm 118 in this section in such a way that the pressure arm 118 can move to a slight extent within a cavity 128 of the pocket and thus the pressing thumb 118c on the drafting device carrier 113 can move within a limit range, so that the pressure arm 118 can fulfill its function of maintaining a clamping action in the loading device 119 and additional loading of the lower roller 102, 103 and the output lower roller 112. The pocket 115 is fastened to the drawbar support 113 in addition to a base support 101a, 101b. The pressure arm is mounted independently of the loading device 119 with the guide arm 126 and the closing lever 120 and the outlet top rollers 107, 108 on the spinning machine, preferably on the drafting device carrier, with the aid of the pocket 115. The support surfaces 106 of the base support 101 according to FIG. 5b are designed in such a way that the drafting unit 100 can be pulled off the drafting support 113 upwards or placed down on this support. In the operating position of the drafting unit, the upper angled or curved portion of the pressure arm is inserted at its end between the pivot point 124 and the cam 123 of the closing lever 120, and the closing lever 120 is located with a projection 126 b at the lower end of the guide arm 126 on this this lower end is close to the outlet top roller 07, 108 of the loading device. The outflow top roller 107 and a further top roller 110, which rests against the bottom roller 102 in the operating position, is pivotally and adjustably mounted on the guide arm 126 via a carrier 1 9a by means of the axis 126a. In the closed Condition of the loading device 119, so when the projection 126b of the closing lever on the guide arm 126, the recess 118a of the pressure arm 118 on the outside of the first upper bend or curvature according to 5a on the base support 101, in particular on the axis 125a of the or the base support 101a, 101b. Furthermore, the cam 123 is located on the closing lever 120 in the recess 118b of the pressure arm 118th

In a preferred embodiment, the drafting system of the spinning machine includes a detachable drafting unit 100 having a lower roller 102 with a gearbox 130 on a base support 101, which seats a drafting system support 113, furthermore a loading device 119 with top rollers 107, 110, which is pivotally attached to the base support 101, Further, a pressure arm 118 for loading the loading device 119 and at the same time for frictional fixation of the drafting unit 101 on the drafting substrate 113, and a drive element 116 for the lower roller 102, and an output sub-roller 112 with a drive, wherein the drive element 116 and output sub-roller 112 either at the drafting unit 100th or stationary in the spinning machine are arranged. The pressure arm 118 is acted upon by a pressure device 14, stationary housed in the spinning machine, and acts on a closing lever 120 of the loading device 119 such that a torque is generated on the closing lever 120 and thus on the loading device 119, which the top rollers 107, 110 to the lower rollers 102, 112 presses.

Generally speaking, the pressure arm 118 forms a clamp which exerts a force transversely to the course of the fiber band 9 at the force application point on the recess 118b, ie transversely to the line connecting the clamping points of the lower roller 02 with the upper roller 110 and the outlet lower roller with the Outlet top roller 107, which force at the lower end with the Pressionsdaumen 118c counteracts a second force which is transmitted from the pressure device 114 on the Pressionsdaumen, these two forces with a further reaction force between the pressure arm 118 and the base support 101 in the pivot connection 125 a closed Forming power triangle. It goes without saying that the embodiments according to FIGS. 1 to 5 are also applicable to individual drives. In particular, the described constructions of base carrier, load device, drafting system, drafting rollers with their Riemchenanordnungen and Riemchenführungen etc. are also applicable to individual drives.

In view of the desired interchangeability of drafting unit units on the spinning machine, the drive interfaces designed as part of a drive concept are compatible with one another, irrespective of the type of drafting equipment realized on the drafting unit unit. The drive interface comprises inter alia the coupling device.

Furthermore, the invention relates to a combination of a machine for producing roving, hereinafter called air nozzle flyer, and a spinning machine with drafting units, and a method for producing yarns by using said combination

As roving the so-called flyer is usually used in the prior art, which produces the corresponding flyer fly. This roving machine is equipped with a drafting system and a spindle for winding the flyer roving onto a cylindrical bobbin by means of a vane for supporting the roving against the centrifugal force caused by the spindle speeds. The flyer is an expensive machine in the entire spinning process, especially because of the complicated winding mechanism. In addition, the usual performance of a flyer at 20 to 25 meters roving per minute is. However, this low production can not be increased in view of the flyer system with flyer wings, since a higher speed is limited by the centrifugal force that the wings and the roving bobbin have to endure.

A further object of the present invention is to provide a roving machine and a method for producing a roving in which the said disadvantages of conventional roving machines are avoided, and in which a uniform roving is produced, which are processed in a drafting device without pre-delay can. This object is achieved by a device having the features of claims 27 to 29. 6 shows schematically a spinning station 1 of a roving machine for the production of roving, which can be processed with the drafting units according to the invention without pre-delay with advantage. The drafting system 2 of the roving machine is supplied with a fiber structure 3, for example a relined conveyor belt. The stretched fiber structure 3 then passes from the drafting system into a twisting means 4. In the twisting means 4, the fiber structure 3 becomes a

Roving 9 twisted, d. H. the fiber structure is at least partially given a true twist. In addition, FIG. 6 shows a take-off roller pair 8 with a nip line 34 and a winding device 7 for the roving 9. In addition to the drafting system 2 or instead of the drafting system 2, an actual conventional route can be provided within the same machine. Such a route-roving machine combination has the advantage of a process shortening.

The twisting distribution means 4 operates according to a special air spinning method. This is known per se as a yarn spinning process. Surprisingly and in unexpected ways, experiments with suitably modified air-spinning devices have shown that certain air-spinning processes are also suitable for the production of rovings. However, the dimensions and flow conditions of conventional yarn air spinning devices must be adjusted. The twist distribution means according to the invention only have to impart a protective rotation to the fiber structure, so that the sliver or roving formed thereby remains easily delayable. Conventional conventional air spinning devices rotate the fiber strand to form a yarn that is twisted so much that the twist is irreversible and thus the fiber strand is no longer malleable. By a correspondingly larger dimensions of the air spinning devices, as well as an adaptation of the flow conditions, and above all by suitably high delivery speeds can be produced with air spinning devices and retractable rovings or Lunten. According to tests, air-spinning devices for rovings preferably have one or more of the following properties:

The diameter of the swirl or vortex chamber is at least 5 mm (see vortex chamber 5 in FIG. 6)

• The delivery speed of the fiber structure (starting from the outfeed rollers) is at least 200 m / min

• The pressure of the air flow before it flows through the nozzle bores or nozzles into the vortex chamber is at most 5 bar

· These air spinning devices give the roving or the fuse a slight twist; The twisting rotation or the rotation coefficient a _m is preferably less than 100.

Such an air-spinning device for rovings is described in the publication WO 2005/026421 A1. The uniform roving produced thereby can be advantageously processed with spinning machines with the drafting units described without pre-distortion.

Claims

claims

1. drafting unit (35, 65, 95) for a spinning machine with a first lower roller (22), characterized in that the drafting unit (35, 65, 95) is designed as an assembly, wherein the first lower roller (22) via its roll axis a base support (17, 47, 77) of the drafting unit (35, 65, 95) is rotatably mounted, and wherein the drafting unit includes a first top roller (19, 49, 79), and the first bottom roller (22) with the first top roller ( 19, 49, 79) forms a first roller pair, which forms a clamping region in the operating position, and the first upper roller (19, 49, 79) via a loading device (12, 42, 72), in particular via a pivotable guide arm on the base support (17 , 47, 77), and the drafting unit (35, 65, 95) is detachably mountable to the spinning machine by means of a fastener (11, 59), the drafting unit (35, 65, 95) for a spinning station or some adjacent spinning stations So only for egg NEN part of the spinning units of the spin machine, is designed.

2. drafting unit according to claim 1, wherein the drafting unit (35, 65, 95) is designed as a twin drafting unit for two adjacent spinning stations.

3. drafting unit according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the drafting unit (35, 65, 95) after the first top roller (19, 49, 79) in the process direction, a second top roller (19, 49, 79) which in operating position on the spinning machine together with a second lower roller (2) forms an outlet roller pair with a clamping area.

4. drafting unit according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the drafting unit includes a second lower roller, which follows the first lower roller in the process direction.

5. drafting unit according to one of claims 2 to 4, wherein the drafting unit (35, 65, 95) on the base support (17, 47, 77) supported loading means (12, 42, 72) with a guide arm (13, 43, 73) includes at which the first and / or second top rollers (21, 41, 71, 19, 49, 79) are held by means of corresponding bearing receivers (20, 18, 40, 48, 70, 78) and by means of which the top roller (s) (21, 41, 71, 19, 49, 79) in the operating position can be pressed against their corresponding lower rollers (22, 42, 72, 2).

6. drafting unit according to one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the drafting unit (39, 69, 99) first coupling means (34, 64, 94), by means of which the first lower roller (22, 42, 72) for the purpose of torque extraction in cooperation with second, attached to the spinning machine coupling means (34, 64, 94) directly or indirectly to a drive shaft (32) on the spinning machine can be coupled.

7. drafting unit according to one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the drafting unit includes a single electric motor drive for driving the first and / or second lower roller.

8. drafting unit according to one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the fastening means (11, 59) first on the drafting unit (35, 65, 95) arranged fastening means (16, 46, 76), by means of which the drafting unit (35, 65, 95) is releasably secured in cooperation with second on the spinning frame and / or drafting unit (35, 65, 95) arranged fastening means (3).

9. drafting unit according to one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the load of the guide arm (13, 43, 73) via a clamping device (11, 59) with first clamping means (16, 46, 76) on the guide arm (13, 43, 73) takes place, by means of which the guide arm (13, 43, 73) in cooperation with the second arranged on the spinning machine and / or on the drafting unit clamping means (3) is resilient, wherein the clamping device (1, 59) is preferably part of the fastening device.

10. drafting unit according to claim 9, wherein the second clamping means a

pivotally mounted on the base support (101) attached pressure arm (118), wel rather in operative position in operative connection with a pressure device (114), preferably pneumatic or hydraulic pressure device (114), stands on the spinning machine, and the first and second clamping means in operative position are in operative connection with each other such that the clamping means under pressure of the guide arm (126 ) attached upper rollers (107, 110) to their corresponding lower rollers (103, 112) form a self-locking.

11. spinning machine according to claims 1 to 10, wherein the spinning machine comprises a plurality of spinning stations extending driven shaft (24, 30, 32) and second coupling means (34, 64, 94) which for the purpose of torque transfer with first coupling means (34, 64 , 94) on the drafting unit (39, 69, 99) are in operative connection, so that torque from the drive shaft (24, 30, 32) removed and the first lower roller (21, 41, 71) of the drafting unit (35, 65, 95 ) can be fed.

12. spinning machine according to claim 11, wherein the spinning machine comprises a along one or more spinning stations extending drafting device carrier (4), and the drafting device (4) preferably per spinning station or pair of spinning second fastening means (3) for receiving drafting units (35, 65, 95 ) are mounted.

13. Spinning machine according to claim 1 to 10, wherein the drafting unit (35, 65, 95) includes a loading device with guide arm (13, 43, 73), and the load of the guide arm (13, 43, 73) via a clamping device (11, 59) with first clamping means (16, 46, 76) on the guide arm (13, 43, 73) and second clamping means (3) takes place on the spinning machine and / or on the drafting unit, wherein the clamping device (11, 59) preferably part of the fastening device is.

14. Spinning machine according to claim 13, wherein both the locking of the drafting unit (35, 65, 95) on the spinning machine as well as the load of the guide arm (3, 43, 73) via the fastening means (11, 59).

15. Spinning machine according to one of claims 13 or 14, wherein the second

Clamping means comprise a pivotally mounted on the base support (101) of the drafting unit or the spinning machine pressure arm (118) which is in operative position in operative connection with a pressure device (114), preferably pneumatic or hydraulic pressure device (114) on the spinning machine, and the first and second clamping means in operative position in operative connection with each other such that the clamping means under pressure or support of the guide arm (126) mounted top rollers (107, 110) to their corresponding bottom rollers (103, 112) form a self-locking, and the guide arm (126) by means of pressurization on the pressure arm (118) by the pressure device (114) in addition to the load caused by the self-locking addition is loadable.

16. Spinning machine according to one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that a drafting unit in a lower part with bearing surfaces (106) for a drafting system carrier (113) in the spinning machine, further a central part with a gear (130) on a lower roller ( 102, 103) and an upper part with a pivot connection (125) for a loading device (119) is divided. 7. spinning machine according to claim 16, characterized in that the loading device (119) in the pivotal connection (125) by means of an axis

(125a) is pivotally connected to the base support (101) of the drafting unit (100).

18. Spinning machine according to one of claims 16 or 17, characterized in that the loading device, a pressure arm (118) is part of a multiply angled or curved lever at its upper end a recess

(118b), which cooperates with a cam (123) of a closing lever (120), which closing lever is pivotally mounted at a pivot point (124) on a guide arm (126) of the loading device (119).

19. spinning machine according to claim 18, characterized in that the pressure arm (118) at its first upper bend or bend near the recess (118b) has a further recess (118a), by means of which the pressure arm when closing the loading device (119) on Base support (101, 101 a, 101 b), in particular on the axis (125 a) of the base support is supported, and that the pressure arm (118) is cranked in its central portion or curved to free space for the drive element (116), in particular a shaft or a Engine, for the drafting device as well as for a shaft housing (117) to leave, and that the pressure arm (118) in the lower part angled or curved again, at the end of the bend a so-called

Pressing thumb (118c) is seated, which is acted upon by the pressure device (114) within the drafting truss (113).

20. spinning machine according to one of claims 18 or 19, characterized in that the lower part of the pressure arm (118) is guided in a pocket (115) which surrounds the pressure arm (118) in this lot such that the pressure arm (118) within a cavity (128) of the pocket is slightly movable, and thus the pressing thumb (118c) on the drafting member (113) is movable within a limit, so that the pressure arm (118) has its function to maintain a clamping action in the loading device (119 ) and to the additional load of the lower roller (102, 103) and the output lower roller (112) can meet.

21. Spinning machine according to claim 20, characterized in that the pressure arm independently of the loading device (119) with the guide arm (126) and the closing lever (120) and the outlet top rollers (107, 108) on the spinning machine, preferably on the drafting system, with the help the bag 115 is mounted.

22. Spinning machine according to one of claims 18 to 21, characterized in that in the operating position of the drafting unit, the upper angled or curved part of the pressure arm (118) at its end between the pivot point (124) and the cam (123) of the closing lever ( 120), and the closing lever (120) rests on the guide arm (126) at the lower end of the guide arm (126) with a projection (126b), this lower end being located next to the outlet upper roller (107, 108) of the loading device.

23. Spinning machine according to claim 22, characterized in that in the closed state of the loading device (119), ie upon contact of the projection (126b) of the closing lever on the guide arm (126), the recess (118a) of the pressure arm (118) on the outside of the first upper bend or curvature on the base support (101), in particular on the axis (125a) of the or the base support (101a, 101 b), is applied, and thereby the cam (123) on the closing lever (120) in the recess (118b) of the pressure arm (118) engages.

24. Spinning machine according to one of claims 18 to 23, characterized in that the pressure arm (118) is designed as a clamp which exerts a force transverse to the course of the sliver (9) at the upper end at the force application point on the recess (118b), ie transverse to the line connecting the clamping points of the lower roller (102) with the upper roller (110) and the lower roller outlet with the outlet upper roller (107), which force at the lower end with the Pressionsdaumen (118c) counteracts a second force by the pressure device (114) is transmitted to the pressing thumb (118c), wherein these two forces with a further reaction force between the pressure arm (118) and the base support (101) in the pivot connection (125) form a closed triangle of forces.

25. Spinning machine with drafting units according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the spinning machine is an air jet spinning, ring spinning, funnel spinning, loop spinning, pot spinning machine or a roving spinning machine, in particular a flyer.

26. Spinning machine kit with one or more drafting unit (s) (35, 65, 95) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a plurality of drafting unit (35, 65, 95) of the same drafting type or of different drafting types are, and the connection interfaces and drive interfaces, in particular to the drive shaft on the spinning machine for the purpose of driving the first lower roller (102) of the drafting units (35, 65, 95) to the spinning stations or to the drafting device carrier (4) of the spinning machines with respect to the fastening device (11, 59) and / or the tensioning device compatible to each other, so that drafting units (35, 65, 95) with different drafting system type are freely mountable and interchangeable at the spinning stations of the spinning machine.

27. Combination of a spinning machine with drafting units according to the preceding claims and a roving machine for producing a roving (9) from a fiber structure (3), in particular flyer, containing one or more spinning stations (1) each having a twist distribution means (4) and preferably a vor the drafting means (4) arranged drafting system (2), characterized in that the swirling means (4) comprises a swirl chamber (5) with a Vorgarnbildungselement (6) contained therein, wherein the fiber strand (3) in the swirl chamber (5) has a real twist or at least partially a real twist, by means of an air flow (32) is granted.

28. roving according to the preceding claim, characterized in that it is associated with a winding device (7), in particular a cross winder, a precision cross winder, a wild cross winder, a step precision winder or a parallel winder.

A track-roving-spinning-machine combination comprising a track for doubling and stretching a plurality of slivers, characterized in that the track is followed by a roving machine according to one of claims 27 or 28.

30. A process for producing yarn, characterized by using the units or combinations according to one of the preceding claims.