EP2447088A1 - Procédé de fabrication de moyeu et roue dotée du moyeu - Google Patents

Procédé de fabrication de moyeu et roue dotée du moyeu Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2447088A1
EP2447088A1 EP11186849A EP11186849A EP2447088A1 EP 2447088 A1 EP2447088 A1 EP 2447088A1 EP 11186849 A EP11186849 A EP 11186849A EP 11186849 A EP11186849 A EP 11186849A EP 2447088 A1 EP2447088 A1 EP 2447088A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
hub
brake disk
disk mounting
flanges
tubular portion
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP11186849A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2447088B1 (fr
Inventor
Yoichi Nishida
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Honda Motor Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Honda Motor Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=44862708&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=EP2447088(A1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by Honda Motor Co Ltd filed Critical Honda Motor Co Ltd
Publication of EP2447088A1 publication Critical patent/EP2447088A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2447088B1 publication Critical patent/EP2447088B1/fr
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
    • B22D17/20—Accessories: Details
    • B22D17/22—Dies; Die plates; Die supports; Cooling equipment for dies; Accessories for loosening and ejecting castings from dies

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a hub used for a tire of a motorcycle or the like and a wheel provided with the hub.
  • a conventional wheel using spokes has a structure in which a brake disk is mounted to the outer circumference of a hub through which an axle passes.
  • a hub structure as shown in e.g. Fig. 12 in which brake disk mounting portions 105 project in a hub-radial-external direction from a hub 100.
  • a fixed mold 97 and a movable mold 99 of a forming mold are structured to extend to respective positions corresponding to the rear surfaces of the brake disk mounting portions 105.
  • the whole, on the inner circumferential side, of the hub 100 is formed by slide molds 98.
  • the slide molds 98 are configured to be movable leftward and rightward with parting lines PL put therebetween.
  • the manufacturing method described above can make the brake disk mounting portions 105 compact.
  • the rear surface of the brake disk mounting portion 105 needs draft for the slide mold 98. Therefore, the rear surface of the brake disk mounting portion 105 has been cut for adjustment by machining. Such cutting work poses problems with its large load and with a high processing cost.
  • a portion where the extending direction of the brake disk mounting portion 105 and the drawing direction of the slide mold 98 have a large crossing angle is as below. For example, as shown in Fig.
  • a thickness difference (t1 > t2) is large at a position along the slide direction, so that the thickness of the brake disk mounting portion 105 is tilted. Therefore, it becomes difficult to ensure strength.
  • it may be intended to ensure the sufficient thickness of the brake disk mounting portion 105. In such a case, it is necessary to increase the thickness of the brake disk mounting portion 105. This leads to a problem with the increased weight and size of the hub 100.
  • the present invention has been made in view of the situations described above and aims to provide a hub manufacturing method that can reduce the inclination of the rear surface of a brake disk mounting portion in the hub manufacturing method in which the hub is formed by a fixed mold, a movable mold and slide molds and the inside of flanges of the hub is formed by the slide molds, and to provide a wheel provided with the hub.
  • the invention according to claim 1 is characterized in that in a method of manufacturing a hub, in which when the hub is manufactured, the hub having a tubular portion through which an axle passes, flanges extending from both ends of the tubular portion toward the outside in a radial direction of the tubular portion, and a plurality of brake disk mounting portions projecting from respective outer circumferential edges of the flanges toward the outside in a flange-radial direction, a fixed mold and a movable mold are used to form from respective axle-directional lateral surfaces of the outer circumferential edges of the flanges to corresponding lateral surfaces on the respective brake disk mounting portion sides, and slide molds which slidably move along the radial direction of the tubular portion are used to form from a tubular portion outer circumferential surface of the hub through respective radial inner circumferential surfaces of the flanges to corresponding rear surfaces of the brake disk mounting portions, respective parting lines of the slide molds are each located at a rear surface of the
  • the invention according to claim 2 is characterized in that, in addition to the configuration recited in claim 1, when the hub provided with five of the brake disk mounting portions are manufactured, the parting lines PL of the slide molds are each allowed to be located at the rear surface of an arbitrary brake disk mounting portion and at an rear surface of one of two brake mounting portions most remote from the arbitrary brake disk mounting portion.
  • the invention according to claim 3 is characterized in that, in addition to the configuration recited in claim 1 or 2, when the hub having the brake disk mounting portions on both the flanges is manufactured, the parting lines of the slide molds are shaped to have the same line-arrangement on the front as that on the back as viewed from an axial direction.
  • the invention according to claim 4 is characterized in that a wheel provided with a hub having a tubular portion through which an axle passes, flanges extending from both ends of the tubular portion toward the outside in a radial direction of the tubular portion, and a plurality of brake disk mounting portions projecting from respective outer circumferential edges of the flanges toward the outside in a flange-radial direction, a fixed mold and a movable mold are used to form from respective axle-directional lateral surfaces of the outer circumferential edges of the flanges to corresponding lateral surfaces on the respective brake disk mounting portion sides, slide molds which slidably move along the radial direction of the tubular portion form from a tubular portion outer circumferential surface of the hub through respective radial inner circumferential surfaces of the flanges to corresponding rear surfaces of the brake disk mounting portions is formed by the slide molds, and respective parting lines of the slide molds are each located at a rear surface of the brake disk mounting portion.
  • the invention according to claim 5 is characterized in that, in addition to the configuration of claim 4, the hub is provided with five of the brake disk mounting portions, and is formed by a forming mold in which the parting lines of the slide molds are each allowed to be located at the rear surface of an arbitrary brake disk mounting portion and at an rear surface of one of two brake mounting portions most remote from the arbitrary brake disk mounting portion.
  • the invention according to claim 6 is characterized in that, in addition to the configuration of claim 4 or 5, the brake disk mounting portions are provided on both the flanges, and the hub is formed by using a forming mold in which the parting lines of the slide molds are shaped to have the same line-arrangement on the front as that on the back as viewed from an axial direction.
  • the brake disk mounting portion can be formed to have a small outer diameter.
  • the parting lines of the slide molds are each provided on the rear surface of the arbitrary brake disk mounting portion; therefore, the length of the inclined portion, due to the draft, of the brake disk mounting portion can be reduced. As a result, effective thinning can be intended and weight saving can be achieved while ensuring sufficient strength.
  • the line-arrangement of the parting line can be made effective to reduce the length of the inclined portion of the board thickness of the brake disk mounting portion as much as possible.
  • the brake disk mounting portion is provided on both the left and right flanges, the inclination of the board thickness of each of both the left and right disk mounting portions can be suppressed.
  • the parting lines are shaped to have the same line-arrangement on the front as that on the back; therefore, the left and right slide molds having the same shape can be used.
  • the brake disk mounting portion is formed to have a small diameter.
  • the parting lines of the slide molds are each provided at the rear surface of the arbitrary brake disk mounting portion. Therefore, the wheel can be provided that is provided with the hub in which the inclined portion, due to the draft, of the brake disk mounting portion is small in length.
  • the wheel can be provided that is provided with the hub in which the inclined portion of the board-thickness of the brake disk mounting portion is small in length.
  • the wheel can be provided that is provided with the hub in which the inclined portion of the board-thickness of the brake disk mounting portion is small in length.
  • the hub can be provided that is manufactured by the forming mold in which the parting lines of the slide molds are shaped to have the same line-arrangement as viewed from both end faces of the hub and the left and right slide molds having the same shape are used.
  • FIG. 4 A schematic configuration of a hub and of a wheel is first described with reference to Figs. 1 to 3 .
  • a hub 10 according to the present embodiment is rotatably held by a front fork 71 of e.g. a motorcycle via an axle 90 to constitute the central portion of a front tire FW.
  • the configuration of the hub 10 in the embodiment is divided broadly into a tubular portion 1 through which the axle 90 is passed; flanges 2, 3 extending toward the outside in the radial direction of the tubular portion from both the ends of the tubular portion 1; and a plurality of brake disk mounting portions 5 projecting from the outer circumferential edges of the flanges 2, 3 toward the outside in the radial direction of the flange.
  • a number of spoke-receiving holes 9 are formed in the flanges 2, 3.
  • rim side spoke-receiving holes 62 are formed in a rim 61 to which a tire rubber portion 81 is mounted. Both ends of spokes are passed through and supported by the spoke-receiving holes 9 and the rim side spoke-receiving holes 62. In this way, a wheel 60 is configured.
  • the hub 10 has the flanges 2, 3 provided on both the corresponding sides of the tubular portion 1 and provides external appearance like e.g. a Japanese hand drum.
  • Four ribs 1b extending in the axle direction are provided on the outer circumferential surface 1a of the tubular portion 1, thereby intending to increase the strength of both the flanges 2, 3.
  • the spoke-receiving holes 9 are formed in each of both the flanges 2, 3 over its whole circumference at positions close to the outer circumferential edge thereof and at predetermined intervals.
  • Five brake disk mounting portions 5 are provided which project from the corresponding outer circumferential edges of both the flanges 2, 3 toward the outside in the radial direction of the hub.
  • the brake disk mounting portions 5 are formed with respective screw holes 8.
  • the brake disk 50 can be secured to its front surface 5b side.
  • a front side lateral surface 7 of each of both the flanges 2, 3 has such a structure that the whole shape of the flange dents toward the inside of the hub.
  • the front side lateral surface 7 is provided with external surface ribs 7a extending in the radial direction from the tubular portion 1 side toward the corresponding brake disk mounting portions 5.
  • the hub 10 is such that each of both the flanges 2, 3 has a curved structure such as a bowl-like structure and a structure having the outer surface ribs 7a and the ribs 1b.
  • the hub 10 is intended to reduce weight and to increase strength.
  • a mold used to manufacture the hub 10 includes a fixed mold 30 and a movable mold 40 used to form external side lateral surfaces 7 of the hub 10 and slide molds 20, 21 used to form the internal portion of the hub 10. From the axial-directional lateral surfaces 4 constituting the corresponding respective outer circumferential edges of both the flanges 2, 3 to corresponding lateral surfaces on the respective sides where the brake disk mounting portions 5 are mounted are formed by the fixed mold 30 and the movable mold 40.
  • the hub 10 When the hub 10 is to be formed, for example, an aluminum alloy is first poured into a cavity defined by the fixed mold 30, the movable mold 40 and the slide molds 20, 21 mentioned above and by other predetermined members to form the hub 10 having a desired shape (the state shown in Fig. 4 ). Thereafter, the slide molds 20, 21 are slidably moved along the radial direction of the hub and then the movable mold 40 is moved to be opened. In this way, the hub 10 illustrated in Fig. 2 can be taken out.
  • an aluminum alloy is first poured into a cavity defined by the fixed mold 30, the movable mold 40 and the slide molds 20, 21 mentioned above and by other predetermined members to form the hub 10 having a desired shape (the state shown in Fig. 4 ). Thereafter, the slide molds 20, 21 are slidably moved along the radial direction of the hub and then the movable mold 40 is moved to be opened. In this way, the hub 10 illustrated in Fig. 2 can be taken out.
  • the slide molds 20, 21 in the present embodiment have respective parting lines PL schematically illustrated in Fig. 5 and are set in between the flanges 2, 3 of the hub 10. Specifically, if being looked at from the axial direction of the hub 10, the parting lines PL are seen to have a parting line PL1 (indicated with a two-dot chain line) on the right side and a parting line PL2 (indicated with a chain line) on the left side.
  • parting lines PL (PL1, PL2) of the slide molds 20, 21 are located at the rear surfaces 5a of the brake disk mounting portions 5.
  • the parting line PL is described in further detail. A description is first given of line-arrangement of the parting line PL1 (indicated with the two-dot chain line) extending from top right to bottom right in Fig. 5 .
  • the parting line PL1 is composed of a mounting portion line PL1-1, an outer circumferential edge line PL1-2, a hub-radial line PL1-3, a tubular portion line PL1-4, a hub-radial line PL1-5, an outer circumferential edge line PL1-6, and a mounting portion line PL1-7.
  • the mounting portion line PL1 extends in the hub-radial direction on the center of the rear surface 5a (e.g.
  • the outer circumferential edge line PL1-2 is continued from the mounting portion line PL1-1 and extends in a tangential line of the outer circumferential edge.
  • the hub-radial line PL1-3 is continued from the outer circumferential edge line PL1-2 and extends in the radial direction of the flange.
  • the tubular portion line PL1-4 is continued from the hub-radial line PL1-3 and extends along the external front surface of the tubular portion 1.
  • the hub-radial line PL1-5 is continued from the tubular portion line PL1-4 and extends along the radial direction of the flange.
  • the outer circumferential edge line PL1-6 is continued from the hub-radial line PL1-5 and extends along a tangential direction of the outer circumferential edge.
  • the mounting portion line PL1-7 extend in the hub-diameter direction on the center of the rear surface 5a of the brake disk mounting portion 5 on the lower side in the figure and continuously extends from the external circumferential edge line PL1-6.
  • the parting line PL2 (indicated with the chain line) is composed of a mounting portion line PL2-1, an outer circumferential edge line PL2-2, a hub-radial line PL2-3, a tubular portion line PL2-4, a hub-radial line PL2-5, an outer circumferential edge line PL2-6, and a mounting portion line PL2-7.
  • the mounting portion line PL2-1 extends in the hub-radial direction on the center of the rear surface 5a (the rear side of the front side 5b shown in the figure because of the rear surface of the flange 2 for example) of the brake disk mounting portion 5 on the top right side in the figure.
  • the outer circumferential edge line PL2-2 is continued from the mounting portion line PL2-1 and extends in a tangential line of the outer circumferential edge.
  • the hub-radial line PL2-3 (which is actually the same as the hub-radial line PL1-3) is continued from the outer circumferential edge line PL2-2 and extends in the radial direction of the flange.
  • the tubular portion line PL2-4 is continued from the hub-radial line PL2-3 and extends along the external front surface of the tubular portion 1.
  • the hub-radial line PL2-5 (which is actually the same as the hub-radial line PL1-5) is continued from the tubular portion line PL2-4 and extends along the radial direction of the flange.
  • the outer circumferential edge line PL2-6 is continued from the hub-radial line PL2-5 and extends along a tangential direction of the outer circumferential edge.
  • the mounting portion line PL2-7 extends in the hub-diameter direction on the center of the rear surface 5a of the disk mounting portion 5 on the lower side in the figure and continuously extends from the outer circumferential line PL2-6.
  • the parting lines PL in the present embodiment are configured to be seen as if they were divided right and left in an area on the outside of the flange outer circumferential edge. This is because of the configuration as illustrated in Fig. 6 ; however, the parting lines PL1, PL2 are not separate from each other in reality.
  • Fig. 6 illustrates the cross-section of a portion where the parting lines PL are seen as if they were divided.
  • This structure has such a stepped structure that, for example, one slide mold 20 and the other slide mold 21 overlap with each other in their depth direction.
  • the parting line PL1 corresponds to the rear surface 5a of the brake disk mounting portion 5 on the lower side; the parting line PL2 corresponds to the rear surface 5a of the brake disk mounting portion 5 on the upper side.
  • the rear surfaces 5a of the brake disk mounting portions 5 on the right and left sides in the width direction can be made to have almost the same draft (the inclination angle ⁇ ).
  • the length L of the inclination, due to the draft, of the brake disk mounting portion 5 can be reduced to almost half of the conventional one.
  • the parting lines PL (PL1-1, PL1-7, PL2-1 and PL2-2) of the slide molds 20, 21 are each located on the rear side of the brake disk mounting portion 5.
  • the length of the inclined portion of the draft can be reduced; therefore, the strength balance of the brake disk mounting portion 5 can be made satisfactory.
  • the five brake disk mounting portions 5 are provided as illustrated in Fig. 5 .
  • the parting lines PL of the slide molds 20, 21 are each allowed to be located at the rear surface 5a of an arbitrary brake disk mounting portion 5 and at an rear surface 5a of one of the two brake mounting portions 5 most remote from such an arbitrary brake disk mounting portion 5. Therefore, even in such a configuration, the length of the slant portion of the board-thickness of the brake disk mounting portion 5 can be reduced effectively.
  • the respective parting lines PL of the slide molds 20, 21 are shaped to have the same line-arrangement when both the flanges 2, 3 are viewed from the axle direction. Therefore, even if the brake disks 50 are provided on both the left and right flanges, the inclinations of the board-thicknesses of both the left and right disk mounting portions 5 can be suppressed. Additionally, the parting lines PL1, PL2 are shaped to have the same line-arrangement; therefore, the left and right slide molds 20, 21 which have the same shape can be used.
  • the wheel 60 provided with the hub 10 manufactured by the manufacturing method of the present embodiment is described with reference to Figs. 8 to 10 .
  • the hub 10 has lines P indicating traces where the parting lines PL are provided on the corresponding rear surfaces 5a of the brake disk mounting portions 5.
  • the disk mounting portion 5 is formed to have a small diameter.
  • the parting lines of the slide molds 20, 21 are provided on the corresponding rear surfaces 5a of the arbitrary brake disk mounting portions 5. Therefore, the hub 10 has the reduced length of the inclined portion, due to the draft, of the brake disk mounting portion 5.
  • the wheel 60 is such that the hub 10 is connected to the rim 61 via spokes 51 and the brake disk 50 is fastened to the brake disk mounting portions 5 by means of five screws 88.
  • the tire rubber portion 81 is attached to the outer circumference of the rim 61.
  • both ends of spokes 51 are passed through and supported by the hub 10 side spoke-receiving holes 9 and the rim side spoke-receiving holes 62 formed in the rim 61.
  • a nipple 18 is attached to the spoke 51 on the hub 10 side and configured to be properly hooked by the spoke-receiving hole 9.
  • a leading end portion 55, on the rim 61 side, of the rim 61 side is held in an appropriately bent manner by the rim side spoke-receiving hole 62.
  • the leading end portion 55 on the rim 61 side faces the side wall of the tire 81. Therefore, this side wall can restrict the position of the leading end of the spoke.
  • a securing structure of the brake disk 50 in the present embodiment is illustrated in an enlarged manner in Fig. 10 .
  • a disk collar 15 is interposed between the brake disk mounting portion 5 and a screw 88.
  • the disk collar 15 is appropriately bent to bury a screw head therein and to allow its outer circumferential flange portion to press the brake disk 50.
  • the flange portion of the disk collar 15 internally presses the brake disk 50 via a plate spring 14.
  • a pulsar ring 13 is secured to the lower side of the disk collar 15 via a washer 16 to allow for speed measurement.
  • a space S is defined between the disk collar 15 and the end edge of the brake disk 50, so that the brake disk 50 is hard to be bent even if it is thermally expanded.
  • the motorcycle in the present embodiment is configured to use a drive shaft as means for transmitting a drive force from an engine to the rear tire RW. Therefore, as illustrated in Fig. 11 , a shaft case 95 housing the drive shaft is connected to the rear tire RW from the left side of the vehicle. In the case having such a configuration, it is difficult to supply air from an air supply air valve 17 to the rear tire RW from the side where the drive shaft is disposed. Therefore, air is supplied from the opposite side (the right side of the vehicle). Thus, the front and rear spokes 51, 51 most close to the air valve 17 are each connected from the rim 61 toward the hub 10 so as to be away from the air valve 17 without crossing each other.
  • the present invention has been described thus far.
  • the present invention is not limited to this.
  • the shape of the hub, the number of the brake disk mounting portions, and the line-arrangement of the parting line can be modified.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
  • Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Braking Arrangements (AREA)
EP11186849A 2010-11-01 2011-10-27 Procédé de fabrication de moyeu et roue dotée du moyeu Not-in-force EP2447088B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2010245629A JP5435808B2 (ja) 2010-11-01 2010-11-01 ハブの製造方法および該ハブを備えるホイール

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2447088A1 true EP2447088A1 (fr) 2012-05-02
EP2447088B1 EP2447088B1 (fr) 2012-12-26

Family

ID=44862708

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP11186849A Not-in-force EP2447088B1 (fr) 2010-11-01 2011-10-27 Procédé de fabrication de moyeu et roue dotée du moyeu

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EP (1) EP2447088B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP5435808B2 (fr)
BR (1) BRPI1105899B1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103100669B (zh) * 2013-02-25 2016-04-06 芜湖市金贸流体科技股份有限公司 一种带有法兰铸造螺栓孔闸阀阀体组合浇注工艺
CN106077587B (zh) * 2016-07-28 2017-12-05 浙江开高阀门科技有限公司 用于加工阀体的模具
CN113664180B (zh) * 2021-08-17 2021-12-17 南通雨奇金属制品有限公司 一种自行车轮毂的模具装置

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3287797A (en) * 1964-03-30 1966-11-29 Motor Wheel Corp Method of making a flanged hub by casting and coining
DE1257610B (de) * 1964-03-04 1967-12-28 Motobecane Ateliers Im Druckgussverfahren hergestellte Nabe fuer Fahrrad- und Motorradraeder
US20060022515A1 (en) * 2004-07-27 2006-02-02 Honda Motor Co., Ltd. Wheel for two-wheeled motor vehicle

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0710826Y2 (ja) * 1988-06-13 1995-03-15 本田技研工業株式会社 鋳造用金型
JP3328054B2 (ja) * 1994-03-22 2002-09-24 ヤマハ発動機株式会社 スポーク車輪用のハブ素材
JPH09314301A (ja) * 1996-05-28 1997-12-09 U Mold:Kk 軽合金製ホイールハブ類の製造方法
JP4163462B2 (ja) * 2002-07-29 2008-10-08 旭テック株式会社 鋳造用金型
JP3732182B2 (ja) * 2003-01-09 2006-01-05 株式会社シマノ 自転車用ハブ
JP4303067B2 (ja) * 2003-09-12 2009-07-29 ヤマハ発動機株式会社 自動二輪車用ホイール及びその鋳造用型
JP2008296737A (ja) * 2007-05-31 2008-12-11 Honda Motor Co Ltd 自動二輪車用ホイール

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1257610B (de) * 1964-03-04 1967-12-28 Motobecane Ateliers Im Druckgussverfahren hergestellte Nabe fuer Fahrrad- und Motorradraeder
US3287797A (en) * 1964-03-30 1966-11-29 Motor Wheel Corp Method of making a flanged hub by casting and coining
US20060022515A1 (en) * 2004-07-27 2006-02-02 Honda Motor Co., Ltd. Wheel for two-wheeled motor vehicle

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP5435808B2 (ja) 2014-03-05
JP2012096648A (ja) 2012-05-24
BRPI1105899A2 (pt) 2013-02-26
EP2447088B1 (fr) 2012-12-26
BRPI1105899B1 (pt) 2020-06-23

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