EP2421090B1 - Fahrzeugglasantenne, fahrzeugfensterglas und zufuhrstruktur für die fahrzeugglasantenne - Google Patents

Fahrzeugglasantenne, fahrzeugfensterglas und zufuhrstruktur für die fahrzeugglasantenne Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2421090B1
EP2421090B1 EP10764440.3A EP10764440A EP2421090B1 EP 2421090 B1 EP2421090 B1 EP 2421090B1 EP 10764440 A EP10764440 A EP 10764440A EP 2421090 B1 EP2421090 B1 EP 2421090B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
antenna
vehicle
glass
conductor
parasitic
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EP10764440.3A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2421090A1 (de
EP2421090A4 (de
Inventor
Kenichiro Shimo
Mitsuro Watanabe
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AGC Inc
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Asahi Glass Co Ltd
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Application filed by Asahi Glass Co Ltd filed Critical Asahi Glass Co Ltd
Publication of EP2421090A1 publication Critical patent/EP2421090A1/de
Publication of EP2421090A4 publication Critical patent/EP2421090A4/de
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/1271—Supports; Mounting means for mounting on windscreens

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a vehicle glass antenna in which an antenna conductor and a parasitic conductor are provided to a widow glass and a vehicle window glass, and a feeding structure for a vehicle glass antenna.
  • JP-A-2007-110390 which is provided on a surface of a window glass of an automobile for reception and transmission of radio waves of a high-frequency wave band.
  • the glass antenna described JP-A-2007-110390 includes a parasitic wire which is disposed in the vicinity of an antenna wire.
  • Document JP 2000 013120 A discloses a side window glass antenna with a feeding point and a ground point installed on a peripheral edge part at the left upper part of a side window glass board of the vehicle.
  • An outer antenna conductor is extended in an almost vertical direction from the feeding point and extended in an almost horizontal direction along a car body opening edge.
  • An inner antenna conductor is installed on the outer antenna conductor near the feeding point and it is extended almost parallel to the outer antenna conductor.
  • Document JP 2001 144518 A discloses a side window glass antenna wherein a feeding point and an earth point are placed in the vicinity of a left edge of a side window glass pane, an inner element and an outer element are extended counter clockwise along a circumferential edge of the side window glass pane, and a tip of an earth conductor is placed between the inner element and the outer element.
  • Document US 4260989 A discloses an antenna system for a rear window glass of an automobile comprises a defogging electric heating element and patterned conductive strips for antenna wherein the configuration of the antenna and the configuration of the bus bars for the electric heating element are modified to improve non-directivity for FM radio broadcast wave for a radio receiver in the automobile.
  • Document US 2005/231432 A1 discloses a high frequency and broad band glass antenna for automobiles comprising an antenna line provided near to the metal portion of a body, one end of the antenna line neighboring the metal portion being fed; and a parasitic line positioned near to the antenna line for adjusting a directivity and a frequency characteristic of reception sensitivity of the glass antenna.
  • the conventional glass antennas With the conventional glass antennas, they exhibit a superior reception sensitivity in a front-to-rear direction of a vehicle by being placed on at least one of a windscreen glass and a rear window glass of the vehicle. However, no sufficient antenna gain is obtained in a lateral direction of the vehicle. On the other hand, there has been a demand for smaller glass antennas due to vehicle design and the visibility of an occupant of the vehicle.
  • an object of the invention is to provide a vehicle glass antenna and a vehicle window glass, and a feeding structure for a vehicle glass antenna which can increase the reception sensitivity in a lateral direction of a vehicle while making smaller a glass antenna which is suitable for reception of radio waves of a high-frequency wave band for the terrestrial digital broadcasting.
  • the present invention provides a vehicle glass antenna in which an antenna conductor, a feeding portion which is connected to the antenna conductor, a parasitic conductor and a ground portion which is connected to the parasitic conductor are provided on a window glass, characterized in that the feeding portion constitutes a part which electrically connects the antenna conductor to a signal processing circuit installed in a vehicle, and the ground portion constitutes a part which electrically connects the parasitic conductor to a vehicle body, whereby the window glass is installed in the vehicle, in that the feeding portion and the ground portion are disposed so as to be aligned along a reference direction, in that the antenna conductor comprises:
  • the antenna conductor comprises a fourth element which extends from the second element as a starting point in the first direction.
  • the parasitic conductor comprises an accessory parasitic element which is parallel to the reference direction and is connected to the parasitic element.
  • the present invention provides a vehicle window glass on which the glass antenna according to the present invention is provided.
  • the present invention provides a vehicle glass antenna feeding structure comprising the vehicle window glass according to the present invention
  • the present invention it is possible to increase the reception sensitivity in a lateral direction of a vehicle while making smaller a glass antenna which is suitable for reception of radio waves of a high-frequency wave band for the terrestrial digital broadcasting.
  • the reference direction can be set freely depending on a region where to place a glass antenna.
  • the reference direction is preferably set in a direction parallel to an edge portion of the window glass, a horizontal direction or a vertical direction.
  • a horizontal plane when a vehicle window glass is installed in a vehicle constitutes a reference direction.
  • the invention is not limited to the application to a windscreen but may be applied to a rear window glass which is mounted at a rear portion of the vehicle or a side window glass which is mounted in a side portion of the vehicle.
  • Fig. 1 is a plan view of a vehicle glass antenna 100 according to the invention.
  • the vehicle glass antenna 100 is an antenna in which an antenna conductor, a parasitic conductor, a feeding portion 16 and a ground portion 16B are provided on a vehicle window glass 12 in a planar fashion, the parasitic conductor being disposed in the vicinity of the antenna conductor, the feeding portion 16A and the ground portion 16B being spaced away from each other in a predetermined reference direction (for example, a horizontal or substantially horizontal direction).
  • a predetermined reference direction for example, a horizontal or substantially horizontal direction.
  • the vehicle glass antenna 100 includes, as an antenna conductor pattern, an antenna element 1 as a first element, an antenna element 2 as a second element, an antenna element 3 as a third element, and an element 4 as a fourth element
  • the antenna element 1 extends from the feeding portion 16A as a starting point in a first direction (a rightward direction in the drawings) which is parallel to the reference direction and is directed towards an opposite side of the ground portion 16B.
  • the antenna element 2 is connected to a first terminating end portion 1g (that is, a terminating end opposite to the feeding portion 16A) being the end of the antenna element 1 in the first direction and extends in a second direction (a downward direction in the drawings) which is at right angles to the antenna element 1 and is directed inwards relative to an outer circumference of the window glass 12.
  • the antenna element 2 may extend from the terminating end portion 1g as a starting point in a straight line towards the second direction or may extend towards the second direction in a curved fashion.
  • the antenna element 3 extends from a second terminating end portion 2g being the end of the antenna element 2 as a starting point in a third direction (a leftward direction in the drawings) which is an opposite direction to the first direction.
  • a third terminating end portion 3g being the end of the antenna element 3 in the third direction is positioned on the first direction side relative to a parasitic element 5, which will be described later (that is, the third terminating end portion 3g is positioned in a right-hand region relative to the parasitic element 5).
  • the antenna element 4 extends from a point on the antenna element 2 as a starting point in the first direction.
  • the starting point of the antenna element 4 in Fig. 1 is the terminating end portion 2g from which the antenna element 4 extends in the first direction.
  • the antenna element 4 may be omitted, as will be described later, an average sensitivity of a glass antenna in which the antenna element 4 is provided is increased, compared with a glass antenna in which the antenna element 4 is not provided.
  • the vehicle glass antenna 100 includes the parasitic element 5 which is a parasitic element and a parasitic element 6 which is an accessory parasitic element
  • the parasitic element 5 is an element at least part of which extends from the ground portion 16B as a starting point in the second direction.
  • the parasitic element 6 extends parallel to the reference direction while being connected to the parasitic element 5 and passes through a fifth terminating end portion 5g being the end of the parasitic element 5 in the second direction.
  • the parasitic element 6 may be omitted, an average sensitivity of a glass antenna in which the parasitic element 6 is provided is increased, compared with a glass antenna in which the parasitic element 6 is not provided.
  • the "terminating end portion” may be a terminal point of the extension of the parasitic elements or the antenna elements or a conductor portion in front of and in the vicinity of the terminal point
  • the feeding portion 16A and the antenna conductor connected to the feeding portion 16A, and the ground portion 16B and the parasitic conductor connected to the ground portion 16B are formed by printing and baking a paste containing a conductive metal such as a silver paste on an inner surface of a pane of window glass.
  • a paste containing a conductive metal such as a silver paste
  • the invention is not limited to this forming method.
  • a linear element or a foil element made of a conductive material such as copper may be formed on an inner or outer surface of a window glass or may be affixed to a window glass with an adhesive or may be provided in an inside of a window glass itself.
  • a dipole antenna is used as the glass antenna.
  • an inner conductor of a coaxial cable is connected to the feeding portion, while an outer conductor of the coaxial cable is connected to the ground portion, and the coaxial cable connects from the glass antenna to an amplifier.
  • the vehicle glass antenna of the invention differs from the conventional glass antenna in that the ground portion 16B is connected directly to a vehicle body panel, and a monopole antenna is used as the glass antenna.
  • a reception signal of a radio wave received by the antenna conductors is transmitted to a signal processing circuit installed in the vehicle via a first conductive member which is electrically connected to the feeding portion 16A corresponding to a feeding point.
  • the parasitic conductor is grounded to a vehicle body via a second conductive member which electrically connects the ground portion 16B with the vehicle body.
  • the electrical connection includes a case where the conductors are brought into direct connection with each other so as to establish an electric communication therebetween in a direct current fashion and a case where the conductors are spaced a predetermined distance apart from each other so as to form a capacitor for electric communication with each other in a high-frequency wave fashion.
  • Fig. 10A is a sectional view showing a connecting structure example which electrically connects the feeding portion 16A with a signal processing circuit 20.
  • Fig. 10B is a sectional view showing an example of a connecting structure which ground connects the ground portion 16B with the vehicle body.
  • reference numeral 12 denotes a vehicle window glass
  • reference numeral 11 denotes a vehicle body panel (an overall view of which is omitted) which is made up of an inner panel 11a and an outer panel 11b, and an L-shaped flange is formed at an end portion of each panel so that the window glass 12 is placed in the vehicle body.
  • Reference numeral 13 denotes an adhesive (or a packing) with which the flange of the body panel 11 and the window glass 12 are bonded together.
  • Reference numeral 14 denotes an antenna unit disposed inside a passenger compartment (shown in a lower part of each drawing), reference numeral 18 denotes an amplifier case fixed to an inner side of the inner panel 11a, and reference numeral 20 denotes a signal processing circuit (for example, a printed circuit board on which a reception circuit such as an amplifier is mounted) provided in an interior portion 19 of the amplifier case 18.
  • Reference numeral 22 denotes an insulation sheet, and reference numerals 28A, 28B denote holders formed of an insulating resin material such as ABS.
  • Reference numeral 29A denotes a joining member as a first conductive member which is held so as to extend and contract within a cylindrical portion of the holder 28A and which is disposed below the feeding portion 16A so as to face it
  • Reference numeral 29B denotes a joining member as a second conductive member which is held so as to extend and contract within a cylindrical portion of the holder 28B and which is disposed below the ground portion 16B so as to face it.
  • Reference numeral 30A denotes a conductive connecting member which electrically connects a lower end face of the joining member 29A with the signal processing circuit 20, and reference numeral 30B denotes a conductive connecting member which electrically connects a lower end face of the joining member 29B with a cover 24 of the amplifier case 18.
  • the amplifier case 18 includes a base member 23 having a substantially crank-shaped section and the cover 24 held in the base member 23.
  • the base member 23 is held on the inner panel 11a, which is a ground member on the vehicle body side, by screwing a bolt 27 into a nut 26 fixed to the inner panel 11a.
  • the base member 23 and the cover 24 may be made of a metal or may be such that a conductor is affixed to an overall surface of a resin body.
  • a reception signal of a radio wave received by the antenna conductors of the glass antenna can be supplied surely to the signal processing circuit 20 by way of the feeding portion 16A, the joining member 29A and the connecting member 30A.
  • the ground portion 16B and the parasitic conductor connected to the ground portion 16B of the glass antenna can be grounded surely to the vehicle body via the joining member 29B, the connecting member 30B and (the cover 24 of) the amplifier case 18.
  • FIG. 10A A greater detailed description on the structure shown in Fig. 10A is common to the details of a similar structure disclosed in JP-A-2003-347817 , and therefore, the greater detailed description of the structure will be omitted here.
  • an elastic connecting member 31 is provided as a second conductive member on the ground portion 16B so that the ground portion 16B is electrically connected to the vehicle body.
  • the elastic connecting member 31 is made up of a metallic plate 35 having connecting portions 34 electrically connected to the ground portion 16B through soldering and elastic plates 33 placed on the metallic plate 35 while being curved into an arch-like shape.
  • the elastic connecting member 31 may be connected to the ground portion 16B in a high-frequency wave fashion by bonding the metallic plate 35 to the ground portion 16B with an adhesive.
  • the elastic connecting member 31 placed on the ground portion 16B when the window glass 12 is bonded to an end portion of the vehicle body panel 11 via an adhesive 13, the elastic plates 33 are elastically deformed so as to be brought into surface contact with the vehicle body panel 11.
  • the ground portion 16B can be ground connected to the vehicle body panel 11.
  • an outer surface of the outer panel 11b of the vehicle body panel 11 is normally painted with a paint so that an insulating paint coating 32 is formed thereon, and no direct current-like electric connection is established only by the elastic connecting member 31 being brought into contact with the vehicle body panel 11.
  • the elastic connecting member 31 is connected to the outer panel 11b in a high-frequency wave fashion, thereby making it possible for the ground portion 16B to be grounded to the vehicle body.
  • the embodiments shown in Figs. 10B and 18 are examples of second conductive members, and the second conductive member only has to be a means for electrically connecting the ground portion 16B with the vehicle body panel 11.
  • a configuration may be adopted in which a projecting conductive member is placed on the ground portion 16B, so that the projecting conductive member is brought into fitting contact with a flange of the vehicle body on which the pane of window glass is attached.
  • a projecting portion 36 shown in Fig. 20 may be provided at an end portion of the outer panel 11b of the vehicle body panel 11.
  • the ground portion 16B comes into direct contact with the vehicle body panel 11 when the ground portion 16B comes into contact with the projecting portion 36, whereby the ground portion 16B can be grounded to the vehicle body.
  • the ground portion 16B and the projecting portion 36 can be grounded to the vehicle body.
  • this will be true even when the ground portion 16B and the projecting portion 36 are not in direct contact with each other.
  • an inner conductor of the coaxial cable may electrically be connected to the feeding portion 16A, while an outer conductor of the coaxial cable may be ground connected to the vehicle body.
  • the outer conductor of the coaxial cable may be connected to the ground portion 16B so as to be ground connected to the vehicle body via the ground portion 16B.
  • a configuration may also be adopted in which a connector for electrically connecting a conductive member such as a conductor wire connected to the signal processing circuit with the feeding portion 16A is mounted on the feeding portion 16A.
  • a configuration may also be adopted in which a connector for electrically connecting a conductive member such as a conductor wire which is grounded to the vehicle body with the ground portion 16B is mounted on the ground portion 16B.
  • a configuration may also be adopted in which a connector for electrically connecting the inner conductor of the coaxial cable with the feeding portion 16A and a connector for electrically connecting the outer conductor of the coaxial cable with the ground portion 16B are mounted on the feeding portion 16A and the ground portion 16B, respectively.
  • the ground portion 16B is electrically connected to the vehicle body without involvement of the connector, and the outer conductor of the coaxial cable is ground connected to the vehicle body via the ground portion 16B.
  • a conductor length of a line required for electric connection of the ground portion 16B to the vehicle body panel 11 is preferably not longer than 50 mm in increasing the reception sensitivity.
  • the second conductive member preferably has a conductor length of not longer than 50 mm which extends from the ground portion 16B to the vehicle body.
  • the second conductive member more preferably has a conductor length of not longer than 30 mm and much more preferably has a conductor length of not longer than 15 mm.
  • the conductor length from the ground portion 16B to the vehicle body is a conductor length D which is a total of a conductor length of the joining member 29B and a conductor length of the connecting member 30B in the case of the embodiment shown in Fig.
  • the conductor length D may be 0 mm, and in the embodiment shown in Fig. 20 , a conductor length D is 0 mm.
  • the shapes of the ground portion 16B and the feeding portion 16A and the space between the ground portion 16B and the feeding portion 16A are determined in accordance with the shapes of the mounting surfaces where the joining members 29A, 29B, the elastic connecting member 31, the projecting portion 36 of the vehicle body panel or the connectors are mounted and the space between the mounting surfaces.
  • quadrangular shapes such as square, substantially square, rectangular and substantially rectangular shapes or polygonal shape are preferable.
  • circular shapes such as circular, substantially circular, oval and substantially oval shapes may be adopted.
  • the surface areas of the ground portion 16B and the feeding portion 16A may be equal to or different from each other.
  • the ground portion 16B is provided in the vicinity of the feeding portion 16A in the third direction (on a left-hand side of the feeding portion 16A), and a right-hand side edge portion of the ground portion 16B faces a left-hand side edge portion of the feeding portion 16A.
  • an imaginary straight line which connects the center of gravity of the ground portion 16B with the center of gravity of the feeding portion 16A is parallel to the direction in which the parasitic element 6 extends, is parallel to the direction in which the antenna element 1 extends and is parallel to the direction in which the antenna element 3 extends.
  • Figs. 2 to 6 are plane views of vehicle glass antennas in which the shape of the antenna element 4 of the vehicle glass antenna 100 shown in Fig. 1 is changed into various shapes.
  • the antenna element 4 extends from a point on the antenna element 2 (which includes the terminating end portion 1g and the terminating end portion 2g) as a starting point
  • an antenna element 4 extends rightwards from a terminating end portion 1 g as a starting point.
  • an antenna element 4 includes an element base portion 4a which extends rightwards from a terminating end portion 1g as a starting point and bent portions (4b, 4c) of which one extends downwards from a base portion terminating end portion 4ag where the rightward extension of the element base portion 4a terminates and the other is bent leftwards from where the downward extension of the one bent portion terminates so as to extend parallel to the element base portion 4a.
  • element base portion 4a which extends rightwards from a terminating end portion 1g as a starting point and bent portions (4b, 4c) of which one extends downwards from a base portion terminating end portion 4ag where the rightward extension of the element base portion 4a terminates and the other is bent leftwards from where the downward extension of the one bent portion terminates so as to extend parallel to the element base portion 4a.
  • an antenna element 4 includes an element base portion 4a which extends rightwards from a terminating end portion 2g as a starting point and bent portions (4b, 4c) of which one extends upwards from a base portion terminating end portion 4ag where the rightward extension of the element base portion 4a terminates and the other is bent leftwards from where the upward extension of the one bent portion terminates so as to extend parallel to the element base portion 4a.
  • a terminating end portion 4cg where the extension of the constituent element 4c of the bent portions (4b, 4c) terminates is positioned to the right of an antenna element 2.
  • Figs. 3 a terminating end portion 4cg where the extension of the constituent element 4c of the bent portions (4b, 4c) terminates is positioned to the right of an antenna element 2.
  • an antenna element 4 includes, as constituent elements of an element base portion 4a, an element base portion 4aa which extends rightwards from a terminating end portion 1g as a starting point and an element base portion 4ab which extends rightwards from a terminating end portion 2g as a starting point
  • the antenna element 4 may include one antenna base portion which extends rightwards from one point on the antenna element 2 as a starting point (refer to Figs. 1 to 4 ) or may include a plurality of antenna base portions which extend rightwards from a plurality of points on the antenna element 2 as starting points (refer to Figs. 5 and 6 ). Further, in the case of Fig.
  • an antenna element 3 includes, as part of the antenna element 3, additional element portions (3b, 3c) of which one extends upwards from a terminating end portion 3ag and the other is bent rightwards from where the upward extension of the one additional element portion terminates so as to extend parallel to an antenna element 3a.
  • a terminating end portion where the rightward extension of the constituent element 3c of the additional element portions (3b, 3c) terminates is positioned to the left of the antenna element 2.
  • the parasitic element 5 only has to extend downwards from a point on a lower side of the ground portion 16B as a starting point to terminate at a terminating end portion 5g.
  • a starting point of the antenna element 1 in Fig. 1 is a point on the lower side of the ground portion 16B which lies further leftwards than a central point thereof. The starting point may be an intersection point between a left side and the lower side of the ground portion 16B.
  • the parasitic element 6 only has to extend rightwards from the terminating end portion 5g as a starting point to terminate at a terminating end portion 6g.
  • Figs. 7 , 8 are plan views of vehicle glass antennas in which the shape of the parasitic element 6 of the vehicle glass antenna 100 shown in Fig. 1 is changed variously.
  • a parasitic element 6 extends horizontally through a terminating end portion 5g.
  • a parasitic element 6 extends leftwards from a terminating end portion 5g as a starting point to terminate at a terminating end portion 6g.
  • a parasitic element 6 extends both leftwards and rightwards from a terminating end portion 5g as a starting point to terminate at terminating end portions 6rg, 61g.
  • a preferred result can be obtained in increasing an antenna gain in the broadcasting frequency band in the event that a sum of a conductor length x5 of the parasitic element 5 and a conductor length x6 of the parasitic element 6 is in the range of (4/64) ⁇ g to (13/64) ⁇ g (in particular, in the range of (6/64) ⁇ g to (11/64) ⁇ g ).
  • x5 is preferably in the range of (1/64) ⁇ g to (5/64) ⁇ g (in particular, in the range of (2/64) ⁇ g to (4/64) ⁇ g ), while x6 is preferably in the range of (3/64) ⁇ g to (8/64) ⁇ g (in particular, in the range of (4/64) ⁇ g to (7/64) ⁇ g ).
  • the central frequency of the Japanese terrestrial digital TV broadcasting frequency band (470 to 770 MHz), for example, is 620 MHz, and ⁇ g in 620 MHz is 309.7 mm.
  • a frequency band of 470 to 600 MHz in the terrestrial digital TV broadcasting frequency band at which the current broadcasting is performed is a frequency band to be received
  • 535 MHz can be set as a central frequency
  • a frequency band of 470 to 710 MHz in the terrestrial digital TV broadcasting frequency band is a frequency band to be received
  • 590 MHz can be set as a central frequency.
  • the central frequency of the terrestrial digital TV broadcasting frequency band (473 to 713 MHz) is about 600 MHz (strictly speaking, 593 MHz), and therefore, (x5+x6) is to be adjusted to a range of 20 to 65 mm (in particular, a range of 30 to 55 mm).
  • x5 is to be adjusted to a range of 5 to 25 mm (in particular, a rage of 10 to 20 mm)
  • x6 is to be adjusted to a range of 15 to 40 mm (in particular, a range of 20 to 35 mm).
  • a preferred result can be obtained in increasing an antenna gain in the broadcasting frequency band in the event that a sum of a conductor length x1 of the antenna element 1 and a conductor length x2 of the antenna element 2 and a conductor length x3 of the antenna element 3 is in the range of (37/64) ⁇ g to (57/64) ⁇ g (in particular, in the range of (42/64) ⁇ g to (52/64) ⁇ g ).
  • x1 is preferably in the range of (16/64) ⁇ g to (24/64) ⁇ g (in particular, in the range of (18/64) ⁇ g to (22/64) ⁇ g )
  • x2 is preferably in the range of (1/64) ⁇ g to (5/64) ⁇ g (in particular, in the range of (2/64) ⁇ g to (4/64) ⁇ g )
  • x3 is preferably in the range of (20/64) ⁇ g to (28/64) ⁇ g (in particular, in the range of (22/64) ⁇ g to (26/64) ⁇ g ).
  • the central frequency of the terrestrial digital TV broadcasting frequency band (473 to 713 MHz) is about 600 MHz (strictly speaking, 593 MHz), and therefore, (x1+x2+x3) is to be adjusted to a range of 185 to 285 mm (in particular, a range of 210 to 260 mm).
  • x1 is to be adjusted to a range of 80 to 120 mm (in particular, a range of 90 to 110 mm)
  • x2 is to be adjusted to a range of 5 to 25 mm (in particular, a range of 10 to 20 mm)
  • x3 is to be adjusted to a range of 100 to 140 mm (in particular, a range of 110 to 130 mm).
  • a preferred result can be obtained in increasing the antenna gain in the broadcasting frequency band in the event that a conductor length L1 of the antenna element from one starting point on the antenna element 2 from which it extends rightwards to the terminal point where the rightward extension of the antenna element terminates (in the case of Figs. 1 and 2 , the conductor length L1 corresponds to x4, in the case of Figs.
  • the conductor length L1 corresponds to (x4a+x4b+x4c), and in the case of Figs. 5 and 6 , the conductor length L1 corresponds to x4aa (x4ab)) is in the range of (3/64) ⁇ g to (14/64) ⁇ g (in particular, in the range of (6/64) ⁇ g to (13/64) ⁇ g ).
  • the central frequency of the terrestrial digital TV broadcasting frequency band (473 to 713 MHz) is about 600 MHz (strictly speaking, 593 MHz), and therefore, L1 is to be adjusted to a range of 15 to 70 mm (in particular, a range of 30 to 65 mm).
  • a preferred result can be obtained in increasing the antenna gain in the broadcasting frequency band in the event that a distance xs1 of a horizontal component between an end portion of a most leftward antenna conductor of the antenna element 3 and an end portion of a most rightward parasitic conductor element of the parasitic conductor elements which make up the parasitic conductors is in the range of -(5/64) ⁇ g to (1/64) ⁇ g (in particular, in the range of -(4/64) ⁇ g to (1/64) ⁇ g ).
  • the end portion of the most leftward antenna conductor of the antenna element 3 corresponds to the third terminating end portion 3g in the case of Fig. 1 and corresponds to the constituent element 3b of the additional element portions in the case of Fig. 6 .
  • the end portion of the most rightward parasitic conductor element of the parasitic conductor elements which make up the parasitic conductors corresponds to the terminating end portion 6g in the case of Fig. 1
  • xs1 becomes positive when the position of the end portion of the parasitic conductor passes through the end portion of the most rightward antenna conductor and is positioned to the right of an imaginary straight line 21 which is parallel to the second direction, whereas when the position of the end portion of the parasitic conductor is positioned to the left of the imaginary straight line 21, xs1 becomes negative.
  • the central frequency of the terrestrial digital TV broadcasting frequency band (473 to 713 MHz) is about 600 MHz (strictly speaking, 593 MHz), and therefore, xs1 is to be adjusted to a range of -25 to 5 mm (in particular, a range of -20 to 5 mm).
  • the vehicle glass antenna has been described as being applied to reception of radio waves in the Japanese terrestrial digital TV broadcasting frequency band, the invention can also preferably be applied to reception of terrestrial digital TV broadcasting frequency bands of other foreign countries, and when a broadcasting frequency band to be received falls within a range of 470 to 862 MHz, the invention functions preferably as a glass antenna.
  • Figs. 1 to 8 show the cases where the glass antenna is disposed on the window glass 12.
  • Reference numeral 15a denotes an upper edge of an opening in the vehicle body and is disposed in an upper area of the window glass 12.
  • the glass antenna can easily be disposed in the narrowed area.
  • the glass antenna may be disposed in a central upper area, a central left-hand side area, a central right-hand side area or a lower area of the window glass 12.
  • a glass antenna which is laterally symmetrical with any of the embodiments shown in Figs. 1 to 8 may be disposed in an upper right-hand side area of the window glass 12. This will be true with lower areas of the window glass 12.
  • a glass antenna may be formed by forming a conductor layer given synthetic resin film in which a conductor layer of an antenna conductor is provided in the inside or on a surface, of a synthetic resin film on an inner surface of an outer surface of a pane of window glass. Further, a glass antenna may be formed by forming a flexible circuit board on which an antenna conductor is formed on an inner surface or an outer surface of a pane of window glass.
  • a mounting angle of the window glass relative to the vehicle is preferably in the range of 15 to 90° and is more preferably in the range of 30 to 90°.
  • a concealing coating may be formed on the surface of the window glass, so that part or the whole of the antenna conductor is provided on the concealing coating. Ceramics such as a black ceramic coating can be raised as a concealing coating. As this occurs, when the window glass is seen from an outer side thereof, the antenna conductor portion provided on the concealing coating becomes invisible from the outside of the vehicle due to the concealing coating, resulting in the well designed window glass.
  • the antenna conductor portion provided on the concealing coating becomes invisible from the outside of the vehicle due to the concealing coating, resulting in the well designed window glass.
  • the configurations shown in the drawings by forming at least part of the feeding portion, the ground portion, the antenna conductor and the parasitic conductor on the concealing coating, only the thin straight portions of the conductors are seen from the outside of the vehicle, which is preferable from the viewpoint of design.
  • Fig. 11A is an exemplary diagram of a feeding structure of the glass antenna 100 according to the invention
  • Fig. 11B is an explanatory diagram of a feeding structure of a conventional glass antenna X ( JP-A-2007-110390 ).
  • the glass antenna 100 is suitable for reception of radio waves of a high-frequency band and is particularly suitable for reception of the terrestrial digital TV broadcasting frequency band (470 to 770 MHz). It is understood that respective dimensions of portions of the glass antennas take values (in mm) shown in Figs. 11A and 11B .
  • a conductor width of each element is 0.8 mm.
  • the feeding portion 16A and the ground portion 16B have the same size. This will be true with the other diagrams that will be described later.
  • the inner conductor of the coaxial cable which is connected to the signal processing circuit is connected to the feeding portion 16A, and the outer conductor thereof is ground connected to the vehicle body. Further, the ground portion 16B is also ground connected to the vehicle body.
  • an inner conductor of a coaxial cable which is connected to a signal processing circuit is connected to a feeding portion, and an outer conductor thereof is ground connected to a vehicle body.
  • the parasitic conductor of the glass antenna 100 is ground connected to the vehicle body
  • a parasitic conductor of the glass antenna X is not ground connected to the vehicle body.
  • Antenna gains were measured every 3° while turning a automobile in which a window glass is mounted while inclined at 15° relative to a horizontal direction through 360° by radiating radio waves to the vehicle.
  • Radio waves were horizontal polarized waves, and frequencies were changed every 6 MHz within the frequency range of 473 to 713 MHz.
  • Antenna gains were standardized based on a ⁇ /2 dipole antenna so that the antenna gain of the ⁇ /2 dipole antenna became 0 dB.
  • Fig. 12 is an antenna gain frequency characteristic chart showing frequency characteristics of the antenna gains of the glass antenna 100 and the glass antenna X.
  • the antenna gain denoted by an axis of ordinates shows mean values of antenna gains measured every 3° while turning the automobile through 360° (mean values of antenna gains measured in steps of 6 MHz within the overall frequency band of 473 to 713 MHz). This will be true with the other charts.
  • Fig. 13 is a directivity characteristic chart showing the directivity of every frequency received of the glass antenna 100 and the glass antenna X.
  • the directivity characteristic chart shows directivity characteristics of the glass antennas mounted on the windscreen around the whole circumference of the vehicle and shows mean values of the antenna gains of the glass antennas measured every 3° and in steps of 6 MHz within the overall frequency band of 473 to 713 MHz.
  • An upper half of the chart corresponds to a front area of the vehicle and a lower half of the chart corresponds to a rear area of the vehicle.
  • Table 1 is a summary of the data shown in Figs. 12, 13 .
  • an average gain of the glass antenna 100 is -3.5 dB, and an average gain of the glass antenna X is -3.5 dB.
  • the glass antenna 100 ensures the same average gain as that of the conventional glass antenna X.
  • the F/B ratio of the glass antenna 100 is 6.0, and the F/B ratio of the glass antenna X is 9.1.
  • the glass antenna 100 has smaller difference between sensitivities at the front and rear of the vehicle than those of the conventional glass antenna X.
  • the antenna gain of the glass antenna 100 in the vehicle's width direction is superior to that of the conventional glass antenna X.
  • the F/B ratio means a difference between an antenna gain mean value (every 1°) in a horizontal direction of -90° to +90° and an antenna gain mean value (every 1 °) in a horizontal direction of +90° to +270° when a forward direction of the vehicle is referred to as 0 "zero" degree, a leftward direction of the vehicle as +90° and a rearward direction of the vehicle as +180°.
  • the area mean calculation method is used in calculating a mean antenna gain.
  • Fig. 14 is a chart showing actually measured data of the antenna gain of the glass antenna 100 having the conductor pattern shown in Fig. 1 when the conductor length x4 was changed. No ground portion and parasitic conductor are provided in order to verify the effect of the conductor length x4. When the conductor length x4 is zero, this means that the antenna element 4 is not provided, and x4 increases as the antenna element 4 extends rightwards.
  • the conductor length x4 is not less than 15 mm and not more than 70 mm (in particular, not less than 30 mm and not more than 65 mm) in increasing the antenna gain.
  • Fig. 15 is a chart showing actually measured data of the antenna gain of the glass antenna 100, shown in Fig. 1 , having a conductor pattern in which no antenna element 4 is provided when the horizontal overlapping distance xs1 of the terminating end portion 3g and the terminating end portion 6g was changed.
  • the overlapping distance xs1 denoted by an axis of ordinates takes a positive value, this means that the two elements 3 and 6 are in such a positional relationship that a vertical projection of one element in the chart overlaps the other element
  • the overlapping distance xs1 takes a negative value, this means that the two elements 3 and 6 are in such a positional relationship that the two elements do not overlap each other.
  • xs1 when the overlapping distance xs1 takes a positive value, this means that the antenna element 3 and the parasitic element 6 overlap each other, whereas when the overlapping distance xs1 takes a negative value, this means that a horizontal space exists between the terminating end portion 3g and the terminating end portion 6g.
  • x6 35 mm, xs1 is zero.
  • the antenna gain is increased when the vertical projections of the elements 3 and 6 do not overlap each other, compared with when the vertical projections thereof overlap each other.
  • the horizontal space between the terminating end portion 3g and the terminating end portion 6g is preferably in the range of -25 to 5 mm (in particular, in the range of -20 to 5 mm).
  • Fig. 16 is an antenna gain frequency characteristic chart showing frequency characteristics of antenna gains of glass antennas 100 to 600. The chart compares changes in antenna gain which are caused by glass antennas according to the invention which have different patterns of antenna conductors.
  • Table 2 is a summary of the data shown in Fig. 16 .
  • the average gain of the glass antenna 100 is the highest
  • the glass antennas 100 to 600 realize a reduction in size while ensuring the same antenna gain.
  • Fig. 17 is an antenna gain frequency characteristic chart showing frequency characteristics of antenna gains of glass antennas 100A, 100B, 700 to 900.
  • the chart compares changes in antenna gain which are caused by glass antennas according to the invention which have different patterns of parasitic conductors.
  • the glass antenna 100A and the glass antenna 100B differ in the conductor length x5 of the parasitic element 5 in the embodiment of the glass antenna 100 shown in Fig. 1 .
  • the dimensions of the parasitic conductors of the glass antennas shown in Figs. 1 , 7 , 8 and 9 are:
  • Table 3 is a summary of the data shown in Fig. 17 .
  • the average gains of the glass antenna 100A, 100B, 700 and 800 show higher values than the average gain of the glass antenna 900 which has no parasitic conductor.
  • the antenna pattern can be made smaller in size while ensuring a superior antenna characteristic which covers a wide bandwidth.
  • the reception sensitivity of radio waves from the vehicle's width direction can be increased.
  • a substantially circular directivity about the vehicle can be obtained, thereby making it possible to increase the reception sensitivity from the vehicle's width direction.
  • the invention is used for automobile glass antennas for receiving the terrestrial digital TV broadcasting and analog TV broadcasting in Japan, as well as the digital TV broadcasting (698 to 806 MHz) in the United States, the digital TV broadcasting (470 to 862 MHz) in the regions within the European Union or the digital TV broadcasting in People's Republic of China.
  • the invention can also be used for the FM broadcasting band (76 to 90 MHz) in Japan, the FM broadcasting band (88 to 108 MHz) in the United States, the TV VHF bands (90 to 108 MHz, 170 to 222 MHz), the 800 MHz band (810 to 960 MHz) for automobile mobile phones, the 1.5 GHz band (1.429 to 1.501 GHz) for automobile mobile phones, the UHF band (300 MHz to 3 GHz), GPS (Global Positioning System), the GPS signal (1575.42 MHz) from artificial satellites, and VICS (trade name) (Vehicle Information and Communication System: 2.5 GHz).
  • the invention can also be used for communication for ETC (Electronic Toll Collection System: Non-stop automatic toll correction system, transmission frequency for roadside radio communication system: 5.795 GHz or 5.805 GHz, reception frequency for roadside radio communication system: 5.835 GHz or 5.845 GHz), DSRC (Dedicated Short Range Communication, 915 MHz band, 5.8 GHz band, 60 GHz band), microwaves (1 GHz to 3 THz), millimeter waves (30 to 300 GHz), keyless entry system for vehicle (300 to 450 MHz), and SDARS (Satellite Digital Audio Radio Service (2.34 GHz, 2.6 GHz).
  • ETC Electronic Toll Collection System: Non-stop automatic toll correction system, transmission frequency for roadside radio communication system: 5.795 GHz or 5.805 GHz, reception frequency for roadside radio communication system: 5.835 GHz or 5.845 GHz
  • DSRC Dedicated Short Range Communication, 915 MHz band, 5.8 GHz band, 60 GHz band
  • microwaves (1 GHz to 3 THz

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  • Details Of Aerials (AREA)
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Claims (15)

  1. Fahrzeug-Scheibenantenne (100-800), wobei ein Antennenleiter, ein mit dem Antennenleiter verbundener Zuführungsabschnitt (16A), ein parasitärer Leiter und ein mit dem parasitären Leiter verbundener Erdungsabschnitt (16B) auf einem Fensterglas (12) bereitgestellt sind,
    wobei der Zuführungsabschnitt (16A) einen Teil darstellt, der den Antennenleiter elektrisch mit einem in einem Fahrzeug eingebauten Signalverarbeitungsschaltkreis (20) verbindet, und der Erdungsabschnitt (16B) einen Teil darstellt, der den parasitären Leiter elektrisch mit einer Fahrzeugkarosserie verbindet, wobei das Fensterglas (12) in das Fahrzeug eingebaut ist,
    der Zuführungsabschnitt (16A) und der Erdungsabschnitt (16B) so angeordnet sind, dass sie entlang einer Referenzrichtung ausgerichtet werden,
    der Antennenleiter umfasst:
    ein vom Zuführungsabschnitt (16A) als Startpunkt in einer ersten Richtung erstrecktes erstes Element (1), wobei die erste Richtung parallel zur Referenzrichtung ist und zu einer entgegengesetzten Seite des Erdungsabschnitts (16B) gerichtet ist;
    ein zweites Element (2) verbunden mit einem ersten Endabschnitt (1g), der ein Ende des ersten Elements (1) darstellt, angeordnet gegenüber des Zuführungsabschnitts (16A) und sich in eine zweite Richtung erstreckt, wobei die zweite Richtung rechtwinkelig zum ersten Element (1) ist und nach innen von einem äußeren Umfang des Fensterglases (12) gerichtet ist; und
    ein vom zweiten Element (2) als Startpunkt in einer dritten Richtung erstrecktes drittes Element (3), wobei die dritte Richtung eine Richtung entgegengesetzt zur ersten Richtung ist, und
    der parasitäre Leiter ein parasitäres Element (5) umfasst, von dem zumindest ein Teil sich von dem Erdungsabschnitt (16B) als Startpunkt in der zweiten Richtung erstreckt,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Erdungsabschnitt (16B) direkt mit einem Fahrzeugkarosseriepanel (11) verbunden ist, und eine Monopolantenne als die Glasantenne genutzt wird.
  2. Fahrzeug-Scheibenantenne (100-800) nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Antennenleiter ein viertes Element (4) umfasst, das sich vom zweiten Element (2) als Startpunkt in die erste Richtung erstreckt.
  3. Fahrzeug-Scheibenantenne (100-800) nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das vierte Element (4) eine Vielzahl an Elementen umfasst, die sich von dem zweiten Element (2) als Startpunkte in die erste Richtung erstrecken.
  4. Fahrzeug-Scheibenantenne (100-800) nach Anspruch 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das vierte Element (4) einen gekrümmten Abschnitt (4b, 4c) umfasst, der sich in der zweiten Richtung oder eine der zweiten Richtung entgegengesetzten Richtung erstreckt, nachdem er sich in die erste Richtung erstreckt hat und dann zurück faltet und sich weiter in die dritte Richtung erstreckt.
  5. Fahrzeug-Scheibenantenne (100-800) nach Anspruch 2 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Wellenlänge in der Luft bei einer zentralen Frequenz eines zu empfangenden Übertragungsfrequenzbands λ0 ist, ein Glaskürzungskoeffizient der Wellenlänge k ist (wobei k = 0,64), λg=λ0 · k, sowie eine Leiterlänge des vierten Elements (4) nicht weniger als 3/64 λg und nicht mehr als 14/64 λg beträgt.
  6. Fahrzeug-Scheibenantenne (100-800) nach Anspruch 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der parasitäre Leiter ein zusätzliches parasitäres Element (6) umfasst, das parallel zur Referenzrichtung ist und mit dem parasitären Element (5) verbunden ist.
  7. Fahrzeug-Scheibenantenne (100-800) nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Wellenlänge in der Luft bei einer zentralen Frequenz eines zu empfangenden Übertragungsfrequenzbands λ0 ist, ein Glaskürzungskoeffizient der Wellenlänge k ist (wobei k = 0,64), λg=λ0 · k, sowie eine Summe der Leiterlängen des parasitären Elements (5) und des zusätzlichen parasitären Elements (6) nicht weniger als 4/64 λg und nicht mehr als 13/64 λg beträgt.
  8. Fahrzeug-Scheibenantenne (100-800) nach Anspruch 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Wellenlänge in der Luft bei einer zentralen Frequenz eines zu empfangenden Übertragungsfrequenzbands λ0 ist, ein Glaskürzungskoeffizient der Wellenlänge k ist (wobei k = 0,64), λg=λ0 · k, sowie eine Summe der Leiterlängen des ersten Elements (1), zweiten Elements (2) und dritten Elements (3) nicht weniger als 37/64 λg und nicht mehr als 57/64 λg beträgt.
  9. Fahrzeug-Scheibenantenne (100-800) nach Anspruch 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das dritte Element (3) einen zusätzlichen Elementabschnitt (3b, 3c) umfasst, der sich in die zweite Richtung oder eine entgegengesetzte Richtung zur zweiten Richtung, nachdem er sich in die dritte Richtung erstreckt hat, erstreckt und dann zurück faltet und sich weiter in die erste Richtung erstreckt.
  10. Fahrzeug-Scheibenantenne (100-800) nach Anspruch 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Entfernung einer Komponente in der ersten Richtung, die definiert ist zwischen einem Antennenleiter-Endabschnitt (3g) des dritten Elements (3) positioniert an einem äußersten Ende in der dritten Richtung und einem Parasitären-Leiter-Endabschnitt (5g), der Elemente, die den parasitären Leiter (5) bilden, positioniert an einem äußersten Ende in der ersten Richtung nicht geringer als -25mm und nicht größer als 5mm ist, wobei eine Position des Parasitären-Leiter-Endabschnitts (5g) als positiv bezeichnet wird, wenn die Position auf der ersten Richtungsseite liegt in Bezug auf eine imaginäre gerade Linie, die durch den Antennenleiter-Endabschnitt läuft und parallel zur zweiten Richtung ist, und eine Position des Parasitären-Leiter-Endabschnitts (5g) als negativ bezeichnet wird, wenn die Position auf der dritten Richtungsseite liegt in Bezug auf die imaginäre gerade Linie.
  11. Fahrzeug-Scheibenantenne (100-800) nach Anspruch 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein zu empfangenden Übertragungsfrequenzbands im Bereich von 470 bis 862 MHz liegt.
  12. Fahrzeugfensterscheibe (12), dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Scheibenantenne (100-800) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11 darauf bereitgestellt ist.
  13. Fahrzeugfensterscheibe (12) nach Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Erdungsabschnitt (16B) ein zweites leitendes Element (31) umfasst, das den Erdungsabschnitt (16B) elektrisch mit der Fahrzeugkarosserie verbindet.
  14. Fahrzeugfensterscheibe (12) nach Anspruch 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das zweite leitende Element (31) so konfiguriert ist, dass eine Leiterlänge von dem Erdungsabschnitt (16B) zur Fahrzeugkarosserie nicht größer als 50mm wird.
  15. Fahrzeug-Scheibenantennen-Zuführungsstruktur, umfassend:
    die Fahrzeugfensterscheibe (12) nach Anspruch 12;
    ein erstes leitendes Element (29A), das elektrisch den Erdungsabschnitt (16A) mit dem Signalverarbeitungsschaltkreis (20) verbindet; und
    ein zweites leitendes Element (31), das elektrisch den Erdungsabschnitt (16B) mit der Fahrzeugkarosserie verbindet.
EP10764440.3A 2009-04-16 2010-04-13 Fahrzeugglasantenne, fahrzeugfensterglas und zufuhrstruktur für die fahrzeugglasantenne Active EP2421090B1 (de)

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EP2421090A1 (de) 2012-02-22
JPWO2010119856A1 (ja) 2012-10-22
CN102396106A (zh) 2012-03-28
BRPI1016103A2 (pt) 2016-05-17
WO2010119856A1 (ja) 2010-10-21
EP2421090A4 (de) 2014-05-21
CN102396106B (zh) 2014-12-31
JP5516576B2 (ja) 2014-06-11

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