EP2338863A2 - Bis-tétrazolytriazenate, procédé de fabrication et explosif ou carburant contenant du bis-tetrazolytriazenate - Google Patents
Bis-tétrazolytriazenate, procédé de fabrication et explosif ou carburant contenant du bis-tetrazolytriazenate Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2338863A2 EP2338863A2 EP10015601A EP10015601A EP2338863A2 EP 2338863 A2 EP2338863 A2 EP 2338863A2 EP 10015601 A EP10015601 A EP 10015601A EP 10015601 A EP10015601 A EP 10015601A EP 2338863 A2 EP2338863 A2 EP 2338863A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- bis
- tetrazolyl
- triazenate
- explosive
- salt
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B43/00—Compositions characterised by explosive or thermic constituents not provided for in groups C06B25/00 - C06B41/00
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06C—DETONATING OR PRIMING DEVICES; FUSES; CHEMICAL LIGHTERS; PYROPHORIC COMPOSITIONS
- C06C7/00—Non-electric detonators; Blasting caps; Primers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D257/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing rings having four nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D257/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing rings having four nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms not condensed with other rings
- C07D257/04—Five-membered rings
- C07D257/06—Five-membered rings with nitrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atom
Definitions
- This invention relates to bis-tetrazolyl triazenate, an explosive or fuel containing bis-tetrazolyl triazenate, a use of the explosive and the fuel, and a process for producing a bis-tetrazolyl triazenate.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a substance with outstanding properties, an explosive or fuel and a use of the explosive and the fuel and a method for producing a component of the explosive and the fuel.
- a bis-tetrazolyl triazenate wherein the bis-tetrazolyl triazenate is a guanidine salt, a guanyl urea salt, a melamine salt or a salt of an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal.
- These salts are high energy explosives or fuels which are the unusual ones Characteristic of a high thermal stability and insensitivity to external influences, especially against impact have.
- a high thermal stability in the context of the invention is when decomposition takes place only at temperatures above 280 ° C.
- the thermal stability of individual salts even exceeds 400 ° C.
- the salts are thus suitable as a secondary explosive or as a filler in an initial explosive to increase the heat resistance or reduce the sensitivity. This makes it possible to provide safe handling of explosives even in hot environments.
- the salts are suitable for increasing the explosive content of an explosive mixture without the mixture becoming so sensitive that it can no longer be handled safely.
- the bis-tetrazolyl triazenate according to the invention has the advantage that it is neutral, ie. H. neither basic nor sour, and extremely sparingly soluble. This makes it well-tolerated with both acidic and basic other explosives. It does not cause any decomposition and degradation reactions of other explosives when mixed with other explosives even after prolonged storage of the resulting mixture.
- the bis-tetrazolyl triazene according to the invention itself has an extremely high stability and storability compared to conventional explosives, such as tetracene.
- the alkali metal is sodium or potassium and the alkaline earth metal is magnesium, calcium, strontium or barium.
- the salts of these metals according to the invention have a particularly high thermal stability.
- the invention relates to an explosive or fuel containing a mixture of at least two different bis-tetrazolyl triazenes or at least one bis-tetrazolyl triazenate according to the invention.
- a high energy explosive or fuel By providing a mixture of at least two different bis-tetrazolyl triazenes, a high energy explosive or fuel can be provided wherein the mixture ratio of the bis-tetrazolyl triazenates provides stepless adjustment of heat resistance and sensitivity as well as ignition performance required for ignition of the explosive or fuel. Ignition power is possible. As a result, it is also possible to provide an initial explosive without the lead azide customary therein. Since the properties of the previously customary initial explosive can be simulated by the explosive according to the invention, structural or other changes in a hitherto conventional construction containing the explosive or fuel are not required. The explosive according to the invention makes a contribution to environmental protection by avoiding the use of lead.
- the properties of the explosive in particular its sensitivity, can be adjusted by the choice of cations of the bis-tetrazolyl triazenes contained in the mixture.
- To provide a sensitivity required for an initial explosive no addition of highly corrosive chlorate is required.
- the mixture of two or more bis-tetrazolyl triazenates does not give rise to any safety problems because only ion exchange reactions between different bis-tetrazolyl triazenes take place in the resulting mixture. In all ion exchange reactions between the bis-tetrazolyl triazenates of the mixture, the overall composition of the mixture remains constant even over long storage.
- the use of lead can be avoided, the storability of explosive charges with simultaneously high ignition power can be increased and the corrosion of components usually caused by conventional explosives or fuel can be prevented.
- the production of bis-tetrazolyl triazenates is very simple. They can be precipitated from aqueous solutions. The preparation of required starting materials is also possible from aqueous solution and cheap commercial chemicals in one stage. Bis-Tetrazolyltriazenate are much easier to produce than z. As the above-mentioned Kaliumdinitrobenzofuroxan.
- Another advantage of the explosive according to the invention is that its ignition performance is very high. In particular, it is higher than that of lead azide.
- the explosive or fuel according to the invention is much more energetic than conventional initiating explosives or fuels.
- the mixture of the explosive or fuel of the invention contains at least one bis-tetrazolyl triazenate according to the invention and or at least one bis-tetrazolyl triazenate of a transition metal, in particular an internal transition metal, a mono-, di- or triaminoguanidine salt, an ammonia salt or a hydrazine salt and or at least one bis-tetrazolyl triazenate of a metal, in particular In or Al.
- a transition metal in particular an internal transition metal, a mono-, di- or triaminoguanidine salt, an ammonia salt or a hydrazine salt and or at least one bis-tetrazolyl triazenate of a metal, in particular In or Al.
- the transition metal may be lanthanum, copper, nickel, zinc, cobalt, manganese, cadmium or chromium.
- no lead salt of bis-tetrazolyl triazene is included in the explosive or fuel to avoid lead contamination of the environment.
- no iron salt of bis-Tetrazolyltriazen is included, because this has a relatively low stability compared to other bis-Tetrazolyltriazenaten.
- At least one of the tetrazolyl radicals of the bis-tetrazolyl triazenate is substituted by a hydrogen radical by a methyl group or an amino group.
- the use of the explosive according to the invention is provided as an initial explosive, as a secondary explosive or as an additive in an initial explosive or secondary explosive for increasing the heat resistance of the initial explosive or the secondary explosive.
- the initial explosive contains no chlorate and / or perchlorate. Since the properties of the initial explosive can be adjusted by the explosive according to the invention so that it corresponds to an explosive containing chlorate and / or perchlorate, the provision of chlorate and / or perchlorate is not required. This can avoid the problems associated with chlorate and perchlorate, especially the corrosion caused by chlorate and perchlorate.
- the fuel according to the invention as a fuel of a decoy target, wherein the bis-Tetrazolyltriazenat is a guanidine salt or a salt of an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal. Due to the fact that the bis-tetrazolyl triazenate is highly energetic and has a high nitrogen content and no oxygen is generated during the combustion of a desired in the case of decoys large flame.
- a trivalent bis-tetrazolyl triazenate is first formed in step b), which is converted to a monovalent salt in step c).
- the precipitation of the precipitate formed may include washing, for example with an alcohol, especially ethanol, and optionally drying.
- these impurities prevent a defined composition of the explosive or fuel according to the invention and on the other hand are disadvantageous for the properties of the explosive or fuel, in particular for its durability.
- the precipitate separated off in step e) is preferably dissolved in an alkaline aqueous solution and the trivalent bis-tetrazolyl triazenate formed thereby is precipitated and separated off, in particular by addition of an alcohol, preferably ethanol.
- the separation may include washing and optionally drying the precipitated bis-tetrazolyl triazenate.
- an aqueous solution of the separate trivalent bis-tetrazolyl triazenate can be prepared, and a salt solution with counter ions to the bis-tetrazolyl triazene anion, in particular in excess, are added to the solution. This precipitates bis-tetrazolyl triazenate.
- the precipitated bis-tetrazolyl triazenate is secreted.
- the separation may also include washing and optional drying of the precipitated bis-tetrazolyl triazene.
- Fig. 1 shows the structural formula of bis-tetrazolyl triazene.
- the substance is a trivalent acid that can form sparingly soluble salts with counterions.
- aminoguanidine hydrochloride or aminoguanidine sulfate in the same molar ratio to the sodium nitrite. This can be achieved by about 10% higher yield.
- the dry crude product is slurried in 150 ml of water. To this is added an amount of sodium hydroxide theoretically required to form a trisodium salt.
- the hydroxide may be added either as a solid or as a concentrated solution. This dissolves the crude product. If it does not dissolve completely, add more sodium hydroxide until a complete solution has occurred. After the addition, the solution is diluted to 500 ml with distilled water. The solution contains the trisodium salt of bis-tetrazolyl-triazene. To the solution is added so much 50% acetic acid over one hour to reach a pH of 5 to 5.5. It should be noted that the pH should not fall below 5, otherwise an impure product is formed.
- the solution is then cooled in an ice-bath and slowly stirred or allowed to stand for 4 hours.
- the monosodium bis-tetrazolyl triazenate crystallizes out.
- the pastel yellow precipitate is filtered through a suction filter, washed three times with 30 ml of ice-cold water, then sucked dry as possible and finally washed with ethanol until no more vinegar of the precipitate is observed.
- the yield is 51 g (86% of theory).
- the trisodium salt solution is dropped into the ethanol over 10 minutes at room temperature.
- the resulting light brown precipitate (pure trisodium salt) is filtered off by means of a Buchner funnel and washed with 100 ml of ethanol in several portions, to remove sodium hydroxide residues.
- the precipitate is applied to a watch glass and dried at 40 ° C under vacuum. The yield is 10.8 g (99% of theory).
- the trisodium salt is weakly hygroscopic. It should therefore be kept in well sealed containers or as a solution.
- 10.0 g (0.04 mol) of the trisodium bis-tetrazolyl triazenate are weighed into a 100 ml measuring bottle and made up to 100 ml with distilled water. 10 ml of this solution are diluted in a 250 ml beaker with distilled water to about 100 ml. 10 ml of 1 molar solution of nickel sulfate are added dropwise to this solution over 5 minutes. This forms a gray-green precipitate, which is separated by filtration. The filter cake is washed with distilled water and ethanol and dried at 40 ° C under vacuum on a watch glass. The yield achieved is quantitative with respect to the triazene. The metal ions are used in excess in the process to precipitate the triazeneate completely.
- the procedure is as in the production of nickel (II) bis-tetrazolyl triazenate. However, instead of 1 molar nickel sulphate solution, 10 ml of 1 molar copper sulfate solution are used. The product precipitates as an olive precipitate.
- the procedure is as in the production of nickel (II) bis-tetrazolyl triazenate. However, instead of 1 molar nickel sulphate solution, 10 ml of 1 molar cobalt (II) chloride solution are used. The product precipitates as a reddish brown precipitate.
- the procedure is as in the production of nickel (II) bis-tetrazolyl triazenate. However, instead of 1 molar nickel sulphate solution, 10 ml of 1 molar chromium (III) chloride solution are used. The product precipitates as a gray-green precipitate.
- the procedure is as in the production of nickel (II) bis-tetrazolyl triazenate. However, instead of 1 molar nickel sulphate solution, 10 ml of 1 molar silver nitrate solution are used. The product precipitates as a yellow precipitate.
- the procedure is as in the production of nickel (II) bis-tetrazolyl triazenate. However, instead of 1 molar nickel sulphate solution, 10 ml of 1 molar lead nitrate solution are used. The product precipitates as a yellow precipitate.
- the procedure is as in the production of nickel (II) bis-tetrazolyl triazenate. However, instead of 1 molar nickel sulphate solution, 10 ml of 1 molar zinc chloride solution are used. The product precipitates as a yellow precipitate.
- the procedure is as in the production of nickel (II) bis-tetrazolyl triazenate. However, instead of 1 molar nickel sulphate solution, 10 ml of 1 molar iron (III) chloride solution are used. The product precipitates as a black precipitate.
- the procedure is as in the production of nickel (II) bis-tetrazolyl triazenate. However, instead of 1 molar nickel sulphate solution, 20 ml of 0.5 molar barium nitrate solution are used. The product precipitates as a yellow precipitate.
- the procedure is as in the production of nickel (II) bis-tetrazolyl triazenate. However, instead of 1 molar nickel sulphate solution, 10 ml of 1 molar manganese (II) chloride solution are used. The product precipitates as a pink precipitate.
- the procedure is as in the production of nickel (II) bis-tetrazolyl triazenate. However, instead of 1 molar nickel sulphate solution, 10 ml of 1 molar magnesium sulphate solution are used. The product precipitates as a yellow precipitate.
- the procedure is as in the production of nickel (II) bis-tetrazolyl triazenate. However, instead of 1 molar nickel sulphate solution, 10 ml of 1 molar calcium chloride solution are used. The product precipitates as a pale yellow precipitate.
- the procedure is as in the production of nickel (II) bis-tetrazolyl triazenate. However, instead of 1 molar nickel sulphate solution, 10 ml of 1 molar strontium nitrate solution are used. The product precipitates as a pale yellow precipitate.
- the procedure is as in the production of nickel (II) bis-tetrazolyl triazenate. However, instead of 1 molar nickel sulphate solution, 10 ml of 1 molar cadmium chloride solution are used. The product precipitates as a yellow precipitate.
- the procedure is as in the production of nickel (II) bis-tetrazolyl triazenate. However, instead of 1 molar nickel sulphate solution, 10 ml of 1 molar indium chloride solution are used. The product precipitates as a yellow precipitate.
- the procedure is as in the production of nickel (II) bis-tetrazolyl triazenate. However, instead of 1 molar nickel sulphate solution, 10 ml of 1 molar lanthanum nitrate solution are used. The product precipitates as a yellow precipitate.
- the procedure is as in the production of nickel (II) bis-tetrazolyl triazenate. However, instead of 1 molar nickel sulfate solution, 10 ml of 1 molar Vismutnitratats be used. The product precipitates as a yellow precipitate.
- the procedure is as in the production of nickel (II) bis-tetrazolyl triazenate.
- nickel (II) bis-tetrazolyl triazenate instead of 1 molar nickel sulphate solution, 10 ml of 1 molar aluminum chloride solution are used.
- the product decomposes in the solution without precipitation.
- the solution becomes too acidic due to the aluminum chloride.
- the procedure is as in the production of nickel (II) bis-tetrazolyl triazenate. However, instead of 1 molar nickel sulphate solution, 10 ml of 1 molar guanidine nitrate solution are used. The product precipitates as a yellow precipitate.
- the procedure is as in the production of nickel (II) bis-tetrazolyl triazenate. However, instead of 1 molar nickel sulphate solution, 10 ml of 1 molar aminoguanidine nitrate solution are used. The product precipitates as a yellow precipitate.
- the procedure is as in the production of nickel (II) bis-tetrazolyl triazenate. However, instead of 1 molar nickel sulphate solution, 10 ml of 1 molar diaminoguanidine nitrate solution are used. The product precipitates as a yellow precipitate.
- the procedure is as in the production of nickel (II) bis-tetrazolyl triazenate.
- nickel (II) bis-tetrazolyl triazenate instead of 1 molar nickel sulphate solution, 10 ml of 1 molar triaminoguanidine hydrochloride solution are used.
- the product precipitates as a yellow precipitate.
- the procedure is as in the production of nickel (II) bis-tetrazolyl triazenate. However, instead of 1 molar nickel sulphate solution, 100 ml of 0.1 molar melamine hydrochloride solution are used. The product precipitates as a pale yellow precipitate.
- the procedure is as in the production of nickel (II) bis-tetrazolyl triazenate. However, instead of 1 molar nickel sulphate solution, 10 ml of 1 molar hydrazine sulphate solution are used. The product precipitates as a pale yellow precipitate.
- the procedure is as in the production of nickel (II) bis-tetrazolyl triazenate. However, instead of 1 molar nickel sulfate solution, 100 ml of 0.1 molar guanyl urea hydrochloride solution is used. The product precipitates as a yellow precipitate.
- the procedure is as in the production of nickel (II) bis-tetrazolyl triazenate. However, instead of 1 molar nickel sulphate solution, 100 ml of 0.1 molar ammonium sulphate solution are used. The product precipitates as a yellow precipitate.
- a mixture was prepared from 37% by weight (wt .-%) strontium nitrate, 13 wt .-% aluminum powder, 10 wt .-% amorphous boron with a particle size of less than 5 microns, 30 wt .-% barium (III) bis-tetrazolyltriazenat and 10% by weight of copper (II) bis-tetrazolyl triazenate.
- the mixture has proven to be relatively insensitive. It has a friction sensitivity of about 20 N.
- a mixture was prepared from 37% by weight strontium nitrate, 13% by weight aluminum powder, 10% by weight amorphous boron with a particle size of less than 5 ⁇ m, 15% by weight barium (III) bistetrazolyl triazenate and 25% by weight. % Copper (II) bis-tetrazolyl triazenate.
- the mixture has a sensitivity suitable for many applications. It has a friction sensitivity of about 2.5N.
- a mixture was prepared from 37 wt .-% strontium nitrate, 13 wt .-% aluminum powder, 10 wt .-% of amorphous boron with a particle size of less than 5 microns, 5 wt .-% barium (III) bis-tetrazolyltriazenat and 35 wt. % Copper (II) bis-tetrazolyl triazenate.
- the mixture has proven to be relatively sensitive. It has a friction sensitivity of about 0.4N.
- a mixture was prepared from 37 wt .-% strontium nitrate, 13 wt .-% aluminum powder, 10 wt .-% of amorphous boron with a particle size of less than 5 microns, 10 wt .-% barium (III) bis-tetrazolyltriazenat and 30 wt % Copper (II) bis-tetrazolyl triazenate.
- the mixture has also proved to be relatively sensitive. It has a friction sensitivity of about 1 N.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Plural Heterocyclic Compounds (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102009060242 | 2009-12-23 | ||
DE102010024728A DE102010024728A1 (de) | 2009-12-23 | 2010-06-23 | Bis-Tetrazolytriazenat, Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung und Sprengstoff oder Brennstoff enthaltend bis-Tetrazolytriazenat |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2338863A2 true EP2338863A2 (fr) | 2011-06-29 |
EP2338863A3 EP2338863A3 (fr) | 2011-10-26 |
EP2338863B1 EP2338863B1 (fr) | 2016-06-08 |
Family
ID=43799664
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP10015601.7A Not-in-force EP2338863B1 (fr) | 2009-12-23 | 2010-12-14 | Procédé de fabrication de Bis-tétrazolyltriazenate et explosif ou carburant contenant du bis-tetrazolyltriazenate |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2338863B1 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE102010024728A1 (fr) |
IL (1) | IL210094A (fr) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2015067228A1 (fr) * | 2013-11-07 | 2015-05-14 | Sellier & Bellot A.S. | Matériaux énergétiques à base de bismuth |
CN108424339A (zh) * | 2018-03-23 | 2018-08-21 | 西北工业大学 | 一种高氮二维共轭结构掺杂改性硝铵炸药晶体的制备方法 |
CN115141070A (zh) * | 2022-07-07 | 2022-10-04 | 西南科技大学 | 一种纳米铝热剂及其纳米铝热剂微自毁芯片的制备方法 |
CN116283456A (zh) * | 2023-01-05 | 2023-06-23 | 北京理工大学 | 一种热不敏感型含铝混合炸药及其制备方法 |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2004719A (en) | 1933-03-15 | 1935-06-11 | Remington Arms Co Inc | Priming mixture |
US2090745A (en) | 1934-10-31 | 1937-08-24 | Remington Arms Co Inc | Chemical compound |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB185555A (en) * | 1921-06-27 | 1922-09-14 | Hans Rathsburg | Initial primers and a process for their manufacture |
US1511771A (en) * | 1921-08-22 | 1924-10-14 | Rathsburg Hans | Explosive compound for primers and detonators |
GB190215A (en) * | 1921-09-10 | 1922-12-11 | Hans Rathsburg | Improvements in or relating to homogeneous priming compositions |
US1580572A (en) * | 1922-08-03 | 1926-04-13 | Rathsburg Hans | Manufacture of detonating compositions |
US2064817A (en) * | 1932-12-10 | 1936-12-22 | Remington Arms Co Inc | Manufacture of salts of diazotized tetrazole derivatives |
US5872329A (en) * | 1996-11-08 | 1999-02-16 | Automotive Systems Laboratory, Inc. | Nonazide gas generant compositions |
US6024889A (en) * | 1998-01-29 | 2000-02-15 | Primex Technologies, Inc. | Chemically active fire suppression composition |
-
2010
- 2010-06-23 DE DE102010024728A patent/DE102010024728A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2010-12-14 EP EP10015601.7A patent/EP2338863B1/fr not_active Not-in-force
- 2010-12-19 IL IL210094A patent/IL210094A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2004719A (en) | 1933-03-15 | 1935-06-11 | Remington Arms Co Inc | Priming mixture |
US2090745A (en) | 1934-10-31 | 1937-08-24 | Remington Arms Co Inc | Chemical compound |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
EULGEM, P. J. ET AL., CHEM. EUR. J., vol. 14, 2008, pages 3727 - 3736 |
J. THIELE, JUSTUS LIEBIGS ANN. CHEM., vol. 270, 1892, pages 54 - 63 |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2015067228A1 (fr) * | 2013-11-07 | 2015-05-14 | Sellier & Bellot A.S. | Matériaux énergétiques à base de bismuth |
US11814332B2 (en) | 2013-11-07 | 2023-11-14 | Sellier & Bellot A.S. | Bismuth-based energetic materials |
CN108424339A (zh) * | 2018-03-23 | 2018-08-21 | 西北工业大学 | 一种高氮二维共轭结构掺杂改性硝铵炸药晶体的制备方法 |
CN115141070A (zh) * | 2022-07-07 | 2022-10-04 | 西南科技大学 | 一种纳米铝热剂及其纳米铝热剂微自毁芯片的制备方法 |
CN116283456A (zh) * | 2023-01-05 | 2023-06-23 | 北京理工大学 | 一种热不敏感型含铝混合炸药及其制备方法 |
CN116283456B (zh) * | 2023-01-05 | 2024-03-05 | 北京理工大学 | 一种热不敏感型含铝混合炸药及其制备方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
IL210094A0 (en) | 2011-06-30 |
IL210094A (en) | 2017-02-28 |
EP2338863A3 (fr) | 2011-10-26 |
DE102010024728A1 (de) | 2011-06-30 |
EP2338863B1 (fr) | 2016-06-08 |
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