EP2256864B1 - Antenne destinée à la polarisation circulaire et dotée d'une surface de base conductrice - Google Patents

Antenne destinée à la polarisation circulaire et dotée d'une surface de base conductrice Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2256864B1
EP2256864B1 EP10005480.8A EP10005480A EP2256864B1 EP 2256864 B1 EP2256864 B1 EP 2256864B1 EP 10005480 A EP10005480 A EP 10005480A EP 2256864 B1 EP2256864 B1 EP 2256864B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
slot
radiator
antenna
electrically conductive
line
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EP10005480.8A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2256864A1 (fr
Inventor
Stefan Lindenmeier
Heinz Lindenmeier
Jochen Hopf
Leopold Reiter
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Delphi Deutschland GmbH
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Delphi Delco Electronics Europe GmbH
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Publication of EP2256864A1 publication Critical patent/EP2256864A1/fr
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/16—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole
    • H01Q9/28—Conical, cylindrical, cage, strip, gauze, or like elements having an extended radiating surface; Elements comprising two conical surfaces having collinear axes and adjacent apices and fed by two-conductor transmission lines
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/10—Resonant slot antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an antenna on the outer skin of a vehicle for the reception of circularly polarized satellite signals, in which a at a distance in front of the front of an electrically conductive ground plane 2 in the flat outer skin of a vehicle and oriented perpendicular to the electrically conductive ground plane symmetry plane SE running with essentially parallel to the electrically conductive ground plane 2 oriented electric dipole radiator 1 with dipole connection point 8 and connected to the latter and in the plane of symmetry SE to the electrically conductive ground plane extending feed line 6 and an antenna connection point 12 are present antennas for generating and receiving other types of polarization other than horizontal or vertical polarization are known from various publications.
  • US-A-4129871 is concerned with the task of modifying horizontally polarized radiating transmitting antennas so that they radiate circularly polarized signals in order to achieve a better television reception, especially in urban areas.
  • US-A-5021797 discloses an elliptically polarized radiating antenna for television signals having a plurality of slot antennas and parasitic dipoles
  • US-A-5272487 discloses an antenna with a conductive mast that can emit elliptically polarized signals, with an emphasis on optimizing the radiation pattern.
  • JP-A-2006-186880 is an antenna for a vehicle for receiving polarized signals, consisting of a slot radiator and a dipole.
  • an electric dipole radiator designed in the same way and extending in a further plane of symmetry oriented perpendicular to both the plane of symmetry SE and the electrically conductive base 2 is used. Both dipole radiators are connected together via a 90 ° phase shifter and the combined signal is conducted via the feed line 6 to the base.
  • Antennas of this type are known, for example from the DE 4008505 A1 , They are often used to receive satellite radio services such as Inmarsat, SDARS, Worldspace, etc.
  • satellite radio services such as Inmarsat, SDARS, Worldspace, etc.
  • An antenna is known in which a provided at a distance from the front of an electrically conductive ground plane in the flat outer skin of a vehicle and in a plane oriented perpendicular to the electrically conductive ground plane symmetry plane, provided with parallel to the electrically conductive ground plane oriented electric dipole radiator with dipole connection point is. At this a in the plane of symmetry to the electrically conductive ground plane extending dipole feed line and an antenna connection point is present.
  • a slot radiator In the electrically conductive ground plane, a slot radiator is designed with its longitudinal extent along the section line between the plane of symmetry and the electrically conductive ground plane with the slot radiator connection point, which is formed by mutually opposite slot connection points located on the longitudinal edges.
  • the slot radiator with the slot radiator connection point is as approximately rectangular slot with straight longitudinal edges and compared to the longitudinal extent of small slot width in the electrically conductive ground plane given by the line of intersection between the plane of symmetry and the electrically conductive ground plane, extending parallel to the longitudinal extent and through the center formed of the slot leading longitudinal symmetry line.
  • the electric dipole radiator and the course of the dipole feed line are designed symmetrically to the line of symmetry perpendicular to the electrically conductive ground plane and running through the center of the slot.
  • the electric dipole radiator with its dipole connection point is electrically symmetrically fed.
  • the electric dipole radiator and the slot radiator have a same resonant frequency.
  • the object of the invention is to provide an improved antenna for the reception of satellite signals with circular polarization.
  • Antennas according to the invention can be advantageously used in particular because of their aerodynamically favorable designability in connection with the low volume of construction outside the body of a vehicle or aircraft.
  • the circular polarization is generated in antennas according to the prior art in such a way that two linearly polarized and in their spatial longitudinal extent mutually perpendicular antennas are present, which in the far field of the antenna, the two spatially oriented perpendicular to each other and 90 ° to each other in the Phase shifted electromagnetic fields.
  • the present invention demonstrates a solution which allows two linearly polarized antennas to be combined but with a longitudinal extent substantially along a common line.
  • This solution consists in the advantageous combination of a slot radiator 3, which is designed in an electrically conductive base 2 along its longitudinal symmetry line SL and arranged in the dipole 14 above this electrically conductive base 2 and parallel to both the electrically conductive base 2 and the longitudinal symmetry line SL electrical Dipole radiator 1.
  • FIG. 1 shows the basic form of a circular polarization antenna according to the invention.
  • a slot radiator 3 in the conductive base 2 is a slot with its longitudinal extent 4 along the line of intersection between the plane of symmetry SE and the conductive base 2 with the slot radiator connection point 7, which by located on opposite longitudinal edges 18 and mutually adjacent slot connection points 19 is formed, formed.
  • the electric dipole radiator 1 with dipole connection point 8 is mounted at a distance from the front side of the electrically conductive base 2. This is oriented substantially parallel to the electrically conductive base 2 and extends in a direction perpendicular to the electrically conductive base 2 oriented plane, here called the plane of symmetry SE.
  • the electric dipole radiator 1 is connected with its dipole connection point 8 to the dipole feed line 6, which is guided in the plane of symmetry SE to the electrically conductive base 2 and extends substantially perpendicular to the electrically conductive base 2 out.
  • the circular polarization is formed by the electromagnetic radiation field of the introduced into the electrically conductive base 2 slot heater 3, the electric field is oriented in the far field perpendicular to its longitudinal extent 4.
  • the slot radiator 3 is therefore arranged with its longitudinal extent 4 along the line of intersection between the plane of symmetry SE and the electrically conductive base area 2, producing a perpendicularly oriented electric radiation field necessary for the circular polarization in a distant reference point to the radiation field of the electric dipole radiator 1.
  • the slot radiator connection point 7 is formed by slot connection points 19 located opposite one another and located on the longitudinal edges 18 of the slot radiator 3.
  • both the electric dipole radiator 1 and the slot radiator 3 are tuned at the frequency for which the antenna is designed, in each case to its resonant frequency, at which the antenna impedance is substantially real.
  • each half-wavelength resonance ( ⁇ / 2) of the two emitters is of particular importance.
  • the slot radiator 3 is introduced with the slot radiator connection point 7 as an elongated approximately rectangular slot with substantially straight longitudinal edges 18 in the electrically conductive base 2. Over the small slot width 5 compared to the longitudinal extent 4, the frequency bandwidth results at the resonance frequency of the slot determined by the longitudinal extent 4.
  • Round radiation properties of the antenna can be achieved according to the invention by observing symmetry conditions in a simple manner.
  • the slot radiator 3 is symmetrical to the longitudinal line SL of symmetry section line between the Symmetrieebene SE and the electrically conductive base 2 to make.
  • the further easy-to-follow symmetry condition is the symmetrical configuration of the electric dipole radiator 1 and its symmetrical feed to the symmetry line ZL perpendicular to the electrically conductive base 2 and passing through the center Z of the slot.
  • the symmetrical feeding at the dipole connection point 8 takes place via the dipole feed line 6 extending substantially symmetrically to the symmetry line ZL.
  • FIG. 2 is to support the radiation on the electric dipole radiator 1 facing the front of the electrically conductive base 2 by shielding against the radiation on the back of the slot radiator 3 on the back of the base 2 by a cavity resonator 15 covered.
  • the cavity resonator 15 is advantageously designed as a conductively bound cavity body, which completely covers the slot radiator 3 and which is electrically connected to the electrically conductive base 2, so that a perfect shield against the radiation of the electromagnetic fields of the slot radiator 3 in the on the back of the electrically conductive base 2 is given half space.
  • the reactive energy stored in the cavity influences - depending on the dimensions of the cavity - the resonance characteristics of the slot radiator 3.
  • the longitudinal extent 4 of the slot radiator 3 is selected about half a wavelength ( ⁇ / 2).
  • the expansion of the cavity body in the longitudinal direction of the slot is at least greater than half a wavelength ( ⁇ / 2) and its dimension in symmetrical mounting transversely to the longitudinal direction of the slot suitably greater than ( ⁇ / 4) selected.
  • the slot is disposed approximately at the level of the electrically conductive base 2 and the cavity body is below, for example, no stylistic disadvantages associated with the application to vehicles, because the housing covering the antennas are wider down to achieve sufficient strength .
  • Its dimension perpendicular to the electrically conductive base 2 is advantageously greater than ( ⁇ / 10) selected depending on the required bandwidth of the slot radiator 3.
  • the center of the cuboid cavity body is suitably chosen lying on the vertical symmetry line ZL.
  • the dipole spacing is 14 to form the circular polarization of the antenna from the electrically conductive base 2 about a quarter of the free space wavelength selected.
  • the phase difference in the interest of the shortest possible dipole feed line 6 for this elevation angle is advantageously 180 ° to choose.
  • the electrical length of the dipole feed line 6 is then approximately ⁇ / 2 and can be implemented to bridge the geometric distance of ⁇ / 4 between the slot connection points 19 and the dipole radiator connection point 8.
  • the required superimposition of the radiation fields of the two radiators at an electrical phase angle of + -90 ° is thus established via the path difference of the electromagnetic wave, which results from the distance of ⁇ / 4 of the electric dipole radiator 1 from the electrically conductive base 2.
  • the signal powers prevailing at the slot radiator connection point 7 and at the dipole connection point 8 must be set approximately the same.
  • the dipole connection point 8 due to the bundling of the radiation, which results together with the mirrored to the electrically conductive base 2 electric dipole radiator 1, set correspondingly lower than at the slot radiator junction 7. Accordingly, to achieve the circular polarization to select both the signal powers and the electrical phase angles at the two radiator connection points 7, 8 in accordance with the different magnitudes of the directional diagrams of the two radiators or their different phases relative to a distant reference point, at a certain predetermined elevation angle. Also, the distance 14 can be varied advantageously for adjusting the vertical directional diagram of the electric dipole radiator 1 and does not have to be selected exactly to ⁇ / 4.
  • This distribution network 13 is in Fig. 1 in a particularly simple embodiment via an asymmetrically designed with respect to the electrically conductive base 2 as a ground plane antenna line 11 to the antenna connection point 12 and in the vicinity of the Center Z formed.
  • one of the slot connection points 19 of the slot radiator connection point 7 is formed by the ground connection of the antenna line 11 on one of the two longitudinal edges 18.
  • the other of the slot connection points 19 is connected by connecting the voltage-carrying conductor of the antenna line 11 adjacent to the opposite longitudinal edge 18.
  • the dipole feed line 6 is designed as a symmetrical two-wire line. Their two conductors are connected with their feed line connection points 25 each with one of the slot connection points 19 of the slot radiator connection point 7. In this way, a conversion of the signals conducted asymmetrically polarized by the antenna line 11 into the signals conducted on the symmetrical two-wire line and symmetrically polarized relative to the electrically conductive base area 2 is achieved in a low-effort manner.
  • the slot connection points 19 of the slot radiator connection point 7 thus also form the feed line connection points 25.
  • the impedance at a slot radiator junction 7 mounted in the center Z of a slot radiator 3 is generally much higher than that of an elongated dipole radiator with values below 100 ohms, up to several kilo-ohms.
  • the chain circuit of several lines with different characteristic impedances and an electrical length of ⁇ / 4 can be used by way of example.
  • the large impedance of the slot radiator 3 compared to the characteristic impedance of the technically feasible lines is bridged into the impedance level of the electric dipole radiator 1 in two steps. For such an impedance transformation carried out in several steps, sufficiently low-impedance line characteristic impedances result, which can be realized on conventional electrical printed circuit boards.
  • antennas according to the invention it is therefore advantageous, for example, to design the dipole feed line 6 by two ⁇ / 4 transformers in chain connection.
  • a first transformation step first the extremely high impedance of the slot radiator 3 at the slot radiator connection point 7 by an electrically ⁇ / 4-long line with a technically feasible characteristic impedance transformed into an impedance which is less than the impedance of the electric dipole radiator 1.
  • the necessary characteristic impedance can be realized as a ribbon cable.
  • the further transformation - starting from this impedance level - in the higher resistance of the electric dipole radiator 1 can then take place in a second transformation step with an electrically ⁇ / 4-long line with a likewise readily realizable line impedance.
  • An exemplary embodiment of such an advantageous antenna according to the invention thus has an electrical length of ⁇ / 2 in the region of the dipole feed line 6.
  • another line piece can be supplemented to cause additional phase rotations.
  • this overall electrically ⁇ / 2-long dipole feed line 6 can be easily arranged by meandering, designed substantially symmetrically to the vertical line of symmetry ZL and running in the plane of symmetry SE wiring so that overall the geometric length of ⁇ / 4 is bridged.
  • ⁇ r of 4 the straight length of a ⁇ / 2 long line gives exactly a geometric length of ⁇ / 4.
  • the antenna may alternatively be used for left or right polarized signals.
  • the dipole and the dipole feed line 6 are printed on a printed circuit board.
  • This technology allows the design of the characteristic impedance and the transformation properties of the feed line 6 within wide limits.
  • inductive and capacitive blanking elements or concentrated dummy elements printed on the printed circuit board can be applied to the design of matching networks 10 and / or phase rotation elements 17.
  • transformation circuits with resonance character - for example, as a parallel resonant circuit with partial coupling - can be realized, which allow the adaptation of the low impedance of the electric dipole radiator 1 to the impedance level of the high-impedance slot radiator 3 to transform.
  • the dipole feed line 6 consists of a printed symmetrical two-wire line, which is connected at its one end to the electric dipole radiator 1 and at the other End is connected to a consisting of dummy elements transformation circuit with a resonant character, which causes the impedance matching to the high impedance level of the slot radiator 3.
  • the line length required for meeting the phase condition is again advantageously provided by a meander-shaped design of the feed line 6, which is guided substantially symmetrically to the vertical line of symmetry ZL and in the plane of symmetry SE.
  • phase-shift chain circuits of lumped reactive elements can be used which do not transform the impedance.
  • the distribution network 13 is formed from a substantially consisting of concentrated reactive elements circuit.
  • Fig. 2 is in a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the distribution network 13 connected via a relation to the electrically conductive base 2 asymmetrically designed as a ground surface antenna line 11 to the antenna connection point 12 and in the vicinity of the center Z as in FIG. 1 formed by the one of the feeder line connection points 25 by the ground terminal of the antenna line 11 on one of the two longitudinal edges 18 and the other of the feeder line connection points 25 by connecting the voltage-carrying conductor of the antenna line 11 adjacent formed on the opposite longitudinal edge 18 and there also the dipole feed line 6 is connected with its feed line connection points 25.
  • the slot radiator connection point 7 is formed at a distance 16 from the center Z and connected via a parallel branching of the unbalanced antenna line 11 via slot connection points 19 formed in an analogous manner.
  • the antenna resistance of the slot radiator 3 at resonance is maximum in the center Z when the slot radiator connection point 7 is formed and is generally much larger than the characteristic resistance of conventional lines. It changes with increasing distance 16 from the center Z to smaller values. In the interest of better adaptation to such line structures, it is therefore advantageous according to the invention to choose the distance 16 accordingly.
  • the fulfillment of the phase and power conditions is carried out according to the invention in the part of the wiring between the parallel branching of the antenna line 11 and the slot radiator connection point 7 on the one hand and to the dipole connection point 8 on the other.
  • the antenna line 11 is designed to the slot radiator connection point 7 as an asymmetrical with respect to the electrically conductive base 2 as a ground surface stripline 20 whose strip conductor is coupled in known manner by radiation coupling to the slot of the slot radiator 3.
  • the strip conductor is guided in the region of the slot of the slot radiator 3 perpendicular to its longitudinal extent and at least partially over the slot.
  • the one of the slot connection points 19 is given by the ground point at the point where the strip conductor crosses the one of the longitudinal edges 18 in plan view.
  • the other of the slot connection points 19 is given by non-contact radiation coupling of the voltage-carrying stripline on the opposite longitudinal edge 18.
  • the dipole radiator connection point 8 is in the example of Fig. 5 is again arranged in the center Z of the slot radiator 3, wherein the two dipole feed line connection points 25 are again arranged on the two longitudinal edges 18. Due to the electrical dipole radiator 1 connected in the center of the slot radiator 3 is additionally damped, so that the distance 16 must be chosen correspondingly smaller than he would have to be chosen without this damping for the adjustment.
  • the slot radiator 3 is partially included in the distribution network 13 for dividing the signal power present at the antenna connection point 12 on the slot radiator 3 on the one hand and the electric dipole radiator 1 on the other.
  • the slot of the slot radiator 3 at its both ends is formed by substantially transverse to its longitudinal symmetry line SL oriented transverse slots 22.
  • these transverse slots 22 are advantageously designed at both ends to be similar and symmetrical to the longitudinal symmetry line SL, as shown in FIG FIG. 4 is shown.
  • the slot resonance frequency thus occurs at a smaller longitudinal extent 4 than half the free space wavelength ⁇ .
  • the length of the electric dipole radiator 1 can be shortened by the fact that it is loaded at its two ends in each case with a similar end capacity 21.
  • Such end capacities 21 may, for example, as in FIG. 4 be indicated, formed by substantially vertically oriented conductor structures.
  • Such conductor structures according to the invention are particularly advantageous because they do not increase the transverse dimension of the part of the antenna located above the electrically conductive base 2.
  • the electrically conductive base 2 is given by the outer surface of an electrically conductive and formed of sheet metal vehicle body itself, in which the slot radiator 3 is introduced into the sheet.
  • the surface of the electrically conductive body is then designed such that it substantially fills the recess of the electrically conductive vehicle body, and its outer surface is substantially complemented with its surface to a plane and in this way the electrically conductive base 2 is designed.
  • the recess to be introduced into the vehicle body can advantageously be chosen to be only slightly larger in the longitudinal and transverse dimensions than required by the dimensions of the slot.
  • the electrically conductive base 2 is designed as a conductive surface, preferably made of sheet metal and mounted under the vehicle skin.
  • the slot radiator 3 is introduced and it carries in an advantageous embodiment of the invention on its rear side Cavity resonator 15 and on its front side the electric dipole radiator 1 and the dipole feed line 6.
  • the mounting of the antenna can be done on the inside of the vehicle body.
  • the dimensions of the electrically conductive base 2 are two-dimensional sufficiently large to choose so that adjust approximately the radiation properties of the antenna, as they apply to an antenna of this type with extended electrically conductive base 2.

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Claims (15)

  1. Antenne destinée à la réception de signaux satellites à polarisation circulaire, dans laquelle sont prévus un radiateur dipolaire électrique (1) qui s'étend à une distance du côté avant d'un plan de base électriquement conducteur (2) et dans un plan de symétrie (SE) orienté perpendiculairement au plan de base électriquement conducteur (2), et qui est orienté sensiblement parallèlement au plan de base électriquement conducteur (2) et qui comprend un emplacement de connexion de dipôle (8) et une ligne d'alimentation de dipôle (6) connectée à ce dernier et s'étendant dans le plan de symétrie SE vers le plan de base électriquement conducteur (2) ainsi qu'un emplacement de connexion d'antenne (12),
    dans laquelle
    - dans le plan de base électriquement conducteur (2), un radiateur à fente (3) ayant son extension longitudinale (4) le long de la ligne d'intersection entre le plan de symétrie SE et le plan de base électriquement conducteur (2) est réalisé avec l'emplacement de connexion (7) de radiateur à fente qui est formé par des points de connexion de fente (19) opposés l'un à l'autre et situés aux bords longitudinaux (18),
    - le radiateur dipolaire électrique (1) et le radiateur à fente (3) possèdent une même fréquence de résonance,
    - le radiateur à fente (3) pourvu de l'emplacement de connexion (7) de radiateur à fente est réalisé sous la forme d'une fente approximativement rectangulaire ayant des bords longitudinaux droits (18) et une largeur de fente (5) petite par comparaison à l'extension longitudinale (4) dans le plan de base électriquement conducteur (2) avec la ligne de symétrie longitudinale (SL) qui est définie par la ligne d'intersection entre le plan de symétrie (SE) et le plan de base électriquement conducteur (2) et qui s'étend parallèlement à l'extension longitudinale (4) et qui mène à travers le centre (Z) de la fente,
    - le radiateur dipolaire électrique (1) et le tracé de la ligne d'alimentation de dipôle (6) sont prévus symétriquement par rapport à la ligne de symétrie (ZL) qui est perpendiculaire au plan de base électriquement conducteur (2) et qui s'étend à travers le centre (Z) de la fente, et le radiateur dipolaire électrique (1) avec son emplacement de connexion de dipôle (8) est alimenté électriquement symétriquement,
    - le radiateur à fente (3) et le radiateur dipolaire électrique (1) avec la ligne d'alimentation de dipôle (6) sont connectés à l'emplacement de connexion d'antenne (12) via un réseau distributeur (13) en fonction de la valeur absolue et de la phase, de telle sorte que lors de la fréquence de résonance des deux radiateurs (1, 3), il existe une polarisation circulaire dans le champ lointain,
    caractérisé en ce que
    - le réseau distributeur (13) est connecté à l'emplacement de connexion d'antenne (12) par une ligne d'antenne (11) réalisée asymétrique par rapport au plan de base électriquement conducteur (2) à titre de plan de masse, et il est réalisé de telle sorte que ledit point de connexion de fente (19) de l'emplacement de connexion de fente (7) est formé par la connexion de masse de la ligne d'antenne (11) sur l'un des deux bords longitudinaux (18), et l'autre point de connexion de fente (19) est formé par connexion du conducteur sous tension de la ligne d'antenne (11) au voisinage sur le bord longitudinal opposé (18), et la ligne d'alimentation de dipôle (6) est réalisée sous la forme d'une ligne bifilaire symétrique dont les deux points de connexion de ligne d'alimentation de dipôle (25) sont agencés sur les deux bords longitudinaux (18).
  2. Antenne selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisée en ce que
    pour soutenir le rayonnement sur le côté avant tourné vers le radiateur dipolaire électrique (1) et pour faire écran à l'encontre du rayonnement sur le côté arrière du plan de base électriquement conducteur (2), le radiateur à fente (3) est recouvert sur la côté arrière du plan de base (2) par un résonateur à cavité (15) recouvrant le radiateur à fente (3).
  3. Antenne selon la revendication 1 ou 2,
    caractérisée en ce que
    l'extension longitudinale (4) du radiateur à fente (3) est approximativement la moitié d'une longueur d'onde, et en vue de réaliser la polarisation circulaire de l'antenne, la distance dipolaire (14) du plan de base électriquement conducteur (2) est choisie approximativement avec un quart de la longueur d'onde en espace libre, et la différence de phase des signaux à l'emplacement de connexion de dipôle (8) et à l'emplacement de connexion de fente (7) est de 0° ou un multiple entier de 180°, en fonction de la direction de rotation de la polarisation circulaire, et les puissances des signaux régnant aux deux emplacements de connexion de radiateur (7, 8) sont approximativement égales.
  4. Antenne selon la revendication 1, 2 ou 3,
    caractérisée en ce que
    le réseau distributeur (13) est réalisé à proximité du centre (Z) de telle sorte que ledit un point de connexion de ligne d'alimentation (25) est formé par la connexion de masse de la ligne d'antenne (11) sur l'un des deux bords longitudinaux (18), et l'autre point de connexion de ligne d'alimentation (25) est formé par connexion du conducteur sous la tension de la ligne d'antenne (11) au voisinage sur le bord longitudinal opposé (18), mais que pour réduire l'impédance du radiateur à fente (3), l'emplacement de connexion de fente (7) est réalisé à une distance (16) du centre (Z) et est connecté par une ramification parallèle de la ligne d'antenne asymétrique (11) par des points de connexion de fente (19) formés de façon analogue.
  5. Antenne selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4,
    caractérisée en ce que
    le dipôle et la ligne d'alimentation de dipôle (6) sont imprimés sur une carte à circuits imprimés, les conditions de phase et de puissance étant satisfaites par la configuration de l'impédance caractéristique et par la configuration de la longueur de ligne par un tracé de la ligne en forme de méandres sensiblement symétrique par rapport à la ligne de symétrie verticale (ZL).
  6. Antenne selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5,
    caractérisé en ce que
    le réseau distributeur (13) est formé par un circuit constitué par des éléments réactifs ayant les propriétés de transformation d'impédance et de rotation de phase nécessaires pour satisfaire les conditions de phase et de puissance.
  7. Antenne selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6,
    caractérisé en ce que
    pour raccourcir l'extension longitudinale (4) du radiateur à fente (3), ses deux extrémités sont configurées en fentes transversales (22) réalisées symétriquement à la ligne de symétrie longitudinale (SL) et orientées perpendiculairement à celle-ci et ayant la longueur de fente (23), suite à quoi, en fonction de la longueur de fente transversale (23) et de la largeur de fente transversale (24), la fréquence de résonance de fente se présente à une extension longitudinale (4) inférieure à la moitié de la longueur d'onde en espace libre λ.
  8. Antenne selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7,
    caractérisée en ce que
    pour raccourcir la longueur du radiateur dipolaire électrique (1), des capacités terminales (21) de même type sont connectées respectivement à ses deux extrémités.
  9. Antenne selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8,
    caractérisé en ce que
    le plan de base électriquement conducteur (2) est la surface extérieure d'une carrosserie de véhicule électriquement conductrice et réalisée en tôle, et le radiateur à fente (3) est intégré dans la tôle.
  10. Antenne selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8,
    caractérisée en ce que
    la ligne d'antenne (11) vers l'emplacement de connexion de radiateur à fente (7) est configurée comme une ligne à bande (20) asymétrique par rapport au plan de base électriquement conducteur (2) à titre de plan de masse, dont le conducteur à bande est mené, dans la zone de la fente du radiateur à fente (3), perpendiculairement à son extension longitudinale et est guidé au moins partiellement par la fente, ce pourquoi l'un des points de connexion de fente (19) est défini par le point sur le plan de base électriquement conducteur (2) à l'emplacement où le conducteur à bande croise l'un des bords longitudinaux (18), en vue de dessus, et l'autre point de connexion de fente (19) est défini sur le bord longitudinal opposé (18) par un couplage rayonnant sans contact physique du conducteur à bande sous tension.
  11. Antenne selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3 ou 5 à 11,
    caractérisée en ce que
    des parties du radiateur à fente (3) sont intégrées dans le réseau distributeur (13) de telle sorte que la puissance de signal qui se présente à l'emplacement de connexion d'antenne (25) et qu'il s'agit de subdiviser entre le radiateur à fente (3) et le radiateur dipolaire électrique (1) est injectée à un emplacement du radiateur à fente (3) à l'emplacement de connexion de radiateur à fente (7), et l'injection de la puissance de signal du radiateur dipolaire électrique (1) est assurée par la connexion des points de connexion de ligne d'alimentation (25) à un autre emplacement du radiateur à fente (3).
  12. Antenne selon l'une des revendications 1 à 11,
    caractérisée en ce que
    pour la transformation entre l'impédance du radiateur à fente (3), comparativement importante par rapport à l'impédance caractéristique de lignes réalisables sur le plan technique, vers le niveau d'impédance du radiateur dipolaire électrique (1) par la ligne d'alimentation de dipôle (6), cette transformation est réalisée à partir d'au moins deux tronçons de ligne électriques branchés en chaîne ayant chacun une longueur électrique de λ/4, et en vue d'obtenir une impédance caractéristique de ligne de valeur ohmique suffisamment faible et réalisable sur le plan technique, l'impédance du radiateur à fente (3) est transformée vers un niveau d'impédance inférieur à celui du radiateur dipolaire (1) par ce tronçon de ligne, et ce niveau d'impédance est transformé par l'autre tronçon de ligne branché en chaîne ayant une impédance caractéristique de ligne à faible valeur ohmique réalisable, pour obtenir l'impédance relativement supérieure du radiateur dipolaire électrique (1).
  13. Antenne selon l'une des revendications 1 à 12,
    caractérisée en ce que
    la ligne d'alimentation de dipôle comprend une ligne bifilaire symétrique imprimée sur une carte à circuits imprimés et connectée par une extrémité au radiateur dipolaire électrique (1), qui est connectée par son autre extrémité à un circuit de transformation à caractère résonnant constitué par des éléments réactifs, qui procure l'adaptation d'impédance au niveau d'impédance élevé du radiateur à fente (3), et en vue de satisfaire la condition de phase, il existe des chaînes de déphaseur constituées d'éléments réactifs concentrés.
  14. Carrosserie de véhicule électriquement conductrice dotée d'une antenne selon l'une des revendications 1 à 13,
    caractérisée en ce que
    un corps électriquement conducteur dans la surface extérieure duquel est réalisé le radiateur à fente (3) est intégré dans l'échancrure de la carrosserie de véhicule électriquement conductrice et est connecté de façon électriquement conductrice à celle-ci, de telle sorte que la surface extérieure du corps électriquement conducteur remplit sensiblement l'échancrure de la carrosserie de véhicule électriquement conductrice, et dont la surface extérieure est complétée par sa surface, ce qui réalise de cette manière le plan de base électriquement conducteur (2).
  15. Carrosserie de véhicule électriquement non conductrice dotée d'une antenne selon l'une des revendications 1 à 13,
    caractérisée en ce que
    le plan de base électriquement conducteur (2) est formé par une surface choisie suffisamment grande d'un corps électriquement conducteur, dans laquelle est intégré le radiateur à fente (3).
EP10005480.8A 2009-05-30 2010-05-27 Antenne destinée à la polarisation circulaire et dotée d'une surface de base conductrice Active EP2256864B1 (fr)

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US8334814B2 (en) 2012-12-18
EP2256864A1 (fr) 2010-12-01

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