EP3411921B1 - Antenne à double polarisation - Google Patents

Antenne à double polarisation Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3411921B1
EP3411921B1 EP17704662.0A EP17704662A EP3411921B1 EP 3411921 B1 EP3411921 B1 EP 3411921B1 EP 17704662 A EP17704662 A EP 17704662A EP 3411921 B1 EP3411921 B1 EP 3411921B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
radiator
lambda
slot
dipole
cavity
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Application number
EP17704662.0A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3411921A1 (fr
Inventor
Andreas Vollmer
Maximillian GÖTTL
Dan Fleancu
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Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson AB
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Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson AB
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/10—Resonant slot antennas
    • H01Q13/18—Resonant slot antennas the slot being backed by, or formed in boundary wall of, a resonant cavity ; Open cavity antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
    • H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
    • H01Q1/246—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for base stations
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
    • H01Q19/108—Combination of a dipole with a plane reflecting surface
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/06—Details
    • H01Q9/065—Microstrip dipole antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/16—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/16—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole
    • H01Q9/20—Two collinear substantially straight active elements; Substantially straight single active elements
    • H01Q9/24—Shunt feed arrangements to single active elements, e.g. for delta matching
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/16—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole
    • H01Q9/28—Conical, cylindrical, cage, strip, gauze, or like elements having an extended radiating surface; Elements comprising two conical surfaces having collinear axes and adjacent apices and fed by two-conductor transmission lines

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a dual polarized antenna with a dipole radiator, a cavity resonator radiator and a reflector.
  • a dual polarized antenna for a cellular base station.
  • dual polarized antennas are usually provided by dipoles or slot radiators, the two orthogonal polarizations being generated by rotating two identical radiators by 90 °.
  • dual polarized antennas require a relatively large volume in both polarization directions.
  • a dual polarized antenna is also known in which one of the two polarizations is made available via a box that works as a slot radiator and is open at the top.
  • a dipole radiator which provides the second polarization, looks out of the box.
  • the box with the dipole radiator is arranged on a reflector.
  • the pamphlets EP 2 256 864 A1 , U.S. 5,272,487 A , U.S. 4,839,663 A and CN 102420352 A each show antenna arrangements in which dipole radiators are arranged in the region of a slot radiator and are connected in parallel therewith.
  • U.S. 3,623,112 A shows a dual polarized antenna made up of a cavity resonator radiator, which is formed by a waveguide open on one side, and a dipole radiator, which is arranged on a circuit board which extends out along the central plane of the waveguide.
  • the dipole radiator is arranged in front of the opening of the waveguide and is fed via microstrip lines which extend into the waveguide on the printed circuit board.
  • Pamphlets EP 2 256 864 A1 and DJ Müller et al., A Cavity-Backed Thin Combined Slot-Dipole Antenna for Mobile Reception of Satellite Signals in Automotive Applications, ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMOSIUM, 2009, APSURSI'09, IEEE, pages 1-4, XP031536362 show dual polarized antennas comprising a dipole radiator which is arranged above a reflector, the reflector comprising a slot and a cavity resonator arranged underneath, which form a cavity resonator radiator.
  • U.S. 2,990,547 A shows an antenna for an aircraft.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a compact dual polarized antenna.
  • the dual polarized antenna should preferably have a small radiation angle.
  • the present invention comprises a dual polarized antenna having a dipole radiator, a cavity resonator radiator and a reflector.
  • the cavity resonator radiator is arranged below the reflector and radiates through a slot in the reflector.
  • the dipole radiator is arranged above the reflector.
  • a signal line of the dipole radiator is led through the slot in the reflector.
  • a carrier of the dipole radiator can pass through the slot.
  • the dual polarized antenna according to the present invention thus consists, unlike known dual polarized antennas, which consist of a combination of two identical radiators rotated by 90 ° with respect to one another, of two radiators of different designs. This results in a compact design in the direction of one of the polarizations as well as combination and nesting options with further antennas. Furthermore, by arranging the radiators above or below the reflector, a good separation between the dipole radiator and the cavity resonator radiator and a good directional characteristic is achieved.
  • the signal line guided through the slot avoids disturbances in the radiation characteristics of the cavity resonator radiator.
  • the carrier guided through the slot allows a particularly simple construction and simple positioning of the dipole radiator over the slot.
  • the signal line and preferably the carrier extend upwards from the cavity of the cavity resonator radiator through the slot.
  • the dual polarized antenna of the present invention is preferably an antenna for a cellular radio base station.
  • the dipole radiator is preferably electrically connected to a feed point arranged below the reflector via the signal line which is passed through the slot.
  • the signal line can be connected to a coaxial cable, for example.
  • the dipole radiator is preferably held mechanically by the carrier guided through the slot at a fastening point arranged below the reflector, and in particular connected via the carrier to the housing forming the cavity of the cavity resonator.
  • the dipole radiator and / or the signal line of the dipole radiator is formed by the metallization of a printed circuit board which extends upward through the slot from the cavity of the cavity radiator.
  • the circuit board thus forms the carrier of the dipole radiator and also carries the signal line of the dipole radiator.
  • the signal line can in particular be designed as a microstrip line and / or coupled microstrip line and / or coplanar stripline or coplanar slot line on the circuit board, which extends upward on the circuit board from the cavity through the slot.
  • the two arms of the dipole radiator are preferably formed by metallization of the printed circuit board applied to one side, in the case of a balanced signal line.
  • the two arms of the dipole radiator are preferably formed by metallization of the printed circuit board applied on both sides.
  • the circuit board preferably has a feed point for the dipole radiator. Alternatively or additionally, it can have one or more mechanical fastening points for fastening to the housing forming the cavity of the cavity resonator.
  • the metallization of the circuit board can furthermore be an impedance matching and / or a filter structure and / or a hybrid coupler and / or a balun and / or a field symmetrization structure for feeding symmetrical and / or differential antennas.
  • the printed circuit board preferably extends through the slot perpendicular to the plane of the reflector.
  • the circuit board preferably extends parallel to the longitudinal axis of the slot and / or along a central axis of the slot.
  • the circuit board can be mechanically connected to a base plate, the side walls, the top plate of the cavity or lateral ends of the slot.
  • the dipole radiator and / or the signal line of the dipole radiator and / or the carrier of the dipole radiator is implemented by a sheet metal structure and / or as air lines.
  • the signal lines formed by a sheet metal structure can also form the carrier of the dipole radiator at the same time.
  • further support elements can be provided for the sheet metal structure, which do not necessarily have to go through the slot and can consist of dielectric material, for example.
  • a base region of the sheet metal structure preferably forms the signal line of the dipole radiator and / or the carrier of the dipole radiator and extends upward out of the cavity of the cavity radiator through the slot.
  • a head area of the sheet metal structure can form the dipole radiator.
  • the sheet metal structure can be designed in the same way and / or comprise the same elements as the metallization of a circuit board already described above, only that, in contrast to the embodiment with a circuit board, a substrate is dispensed with.
  • the sheet metal structure can be punched from a sheet metal plate and / or formed by bending sheet metal elements.
  • an excitation structure for exciting the cavity radiator can be provided which extends within the cavity of the cavity resonator radiator.
  • the excitation structure can in particular be formed by two conductors extending within the cavity.
  • the excitation structure and / or the conductors preferably extend perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the slot and / or parallel to the plane of the reflector.
  • the excitation structure can extend perpendicular to a printed circuit board carrying the dipole radiator and / or the signal line of the dipole radiator.
  • the excitation structure can be arranged centrally below the slot in the cavity with respect to the longitudinal extension of the slot.
  • the conductors of the excitation structure are the inner conductor and the outer conductor of a coaxial cable.
  • a region of the coaxial cable which has an outer conductor and an inner conductor can extend from a side wall of the cavity to below the slot. From there, the inner conductor is preferably led further in the direction of the other side wall, while the outer conductor ends below the slot.
  • the outer conductor and / or the inner conductor can be electrically coupled to the respective side wall, in particular capacitively or galvanically.
  • the conductors of the excitation structure are air waveguides.
  • the excitation structure can be designed as a sheet metal structure.
  • the conductors of the excitation structure of the cavity radiator are formed by the metallization of a printed circuit board.
  • the circuit board can preferably extend perpendicular to a circuit board carrying the signal line and / or the dipole radiator.
  • a microstrip line is preferred here and / or coupled microstrip line and / or coplanar strip line or coplanar slot line is provided, which extends from one side wall to below the slot, one of the conductors from there continuing in the direction of the second side wall, while the other conductor is below the slot ends.
  • the excitation structure and / or the circuit board carrying the excitation structure can have a feed point arranged outside the cavity of the cavity radiator, a coaxial cable preferably being contacted in the feed point with a line arranged on the circuit board or formed by a sheet metal structure.
  • the circuit board or sheet metal structure preferably passes through a recess in a side wall of the cavity of the cavity resonator radiator in the region of the feed point.
  • the circuit board or sheet metal structure can be mechanically connected to one or both side walls of the cavity.
  • the first conductor preferably extends over a first part of its extent parallel to the second conductor and, together with it, forms a closed or open waveguide.
  • the second conductor preferably ends below the slot.
  • the second part of the conductor preferably runs freely, so that the free part of the second conductor together with the first conductor forms the excitation structure for the cavity resonator.
  • One or both conductors can be electrically coupled to the side walls of the resonator.
  • the excitation structure of the cavity resonator radiator and in particular at least one conductor of the excitation structure can pass through a recess in the carrier and in particular the printed circuit board carrying the dipole radiator and / or the signal line of the dipole radiator or the sheet metal structure forming it.
  • the recess in the circuit board or the sheet metal structure through which the excitation structure passes can be closed, ie form an opening through the printed circuit board or the sheet metal structure.
  • the recess can also be open to the outside, for example in the form of a slot, which enables even easier assembly, since the excitation structure of the cavity resonator radiator and the circuit board or the sheet metal structure for the dipole radiator can be pushed into one another.
  • a circuit board carrying the excitation structure or a sheet metal structure forming it can pass through the recess in the circuit board carrying the dipole radiator and / or the signal line of the dipole radiator or the sheet metal structure forming it.
  • it is preferably a recess that is open to the outside.
  • the excitation structure and preferably both conductors of the excitation structure of the cavity resonator radiator extend or extend through a side wall of the cavity of the cavity resonator into the cavity. This results in a particularly compact connection for the excitation structure of the cavity resonator radiator.
  • the excitation structure of the cavity resonator radiator is preferably mechanically connected to the side wall of the cavity of the cavity resonator, and in particular is fixed in the opening in the side wall of the cavity of the cavity resonator through which the excitation structure is guided into the cavity.
  • the excitation structure can also be mechanically connected to the opposite side wall of the cavity.
  • the feed point of the dipole radiator is preferably arranged below an excitation structure of the cavity resonator radiator in the cavity of the cavity resonator radiator, in particular in a bottom region of the cavity.
  • the feed point can also be outside and preferably below the cavity of the cavity resonator radiator be arranged, in particular below a base plate of the cavity. In both cases, the radiation of the cavity resonator radiator is not or only slightly influenced by the coupling of the dipole radiator.
  • a coaxial cable can preferably be in contact with a line arranged on a printed circuit board or formed by a sheet metal structure. If the feed point is in the cavity of the cavity resonator, the coaxial line preferably runs in the bottom area of the cavity above the bottom plate, and as a result has only a slight influence on the radiation characteristics of the cavity resonator radiator. The influence is even less if the feed point is provided below the cavity and in particular below a base plate of the cavity, so that the coaxial cable runs outside the cavity. In particular, a region of the printed circuit board or the sheet metal structure which carries the feed point can be passed through the base plate of the cavity.
  • the excitation structure can have at least one metallic matching structure and / or radiator structure.
  • Such an adaptation structure and / or radiator structure can simplify the detachment of the wave from the excitation structure.
  • the adaptation structure and / or radiator structure preferably increases the width of the conductors of the excitation structure towards the outside.
  • the matching structure and / or radiator structure can have a metallic body, the metallic body preferably being arranged around the excitation structure of the cavity resonator.
  • a metallic body which more preferably has a cylindrical and / or conical section, is preferably arranged around both conductors of the excitation structure.
  • the conductors of the excitation structure of the cavity resonator radiator can preferably pass axially through the body.
  • the matching structure and / or radiator structure can form an additional radiator, in particular a dipole radiator, which excites the cavity resonator radiator.
  • the matching structure and / or radiator structure can act as a parasitic element.
  • At least one dielectric body can be arranged in the cavity of the cavity resonator radiator. This allows the size of the cavity to be reduced.
  • the cavity resonator radiator can preferably be filled with one or more metallic and / or dielectric bodies at points of high and / or low electrical field strengths.
  • collar-shaped wall areas can extend along the edges of the slot.
  • the edges of the slot are formed by wall areas which also extend at least in the height direction.
  • the wall areas forming the edges improve the directional characteristic of the cavity resonator radiator considerably.
  • the wall areas can extend above and / or below the reflector.
  • the wall areas extend circumferentially along the edges of the slot.
  • the wall areas preferably form a step with the reflector.
  • the wall areas can be perpendicular to the plane formed by the reflector.
  • the wall areas extend obliquely to the plane of the reflector.
  • lambda is the wavelength of the center frequency of the lowest resonance frequency range of the respective radiator.
  • a resonance frequency range denotes a coherent frequency range of the radiator which has a return loss of better 6 dB, or better 10 dB or better 15 dB.
  • the individual limit values of the return loss depend on the specific application of the antenna.
  • the center frequency is defined as the arithmetic mean of the top and bottom frequencies in the resonance frequency range.
  • the resonance frequency range and thus the center frequency are preferably determined with respect to the impedance position in the Smith chart, assuming the following elements for optimal impedance matching and / or impedance transformation.
  • the wavelength lambda is the wavelength in the respective medium. If the cavity is therefore filled with a dielectric, the dimensions of the cavity and the slot relate to the wavelength in the dielectric.
  • the lowest resonance frequency range is preferably understood to mean the lowest resonance frequency range of the antenna used for transmitting and / or receiving.
  • the collar-shaped wall regions which extend along the edges of the slot, preferably have an extension between 0.01 lambda and 0.4 lambda, preferably between 0.05 lambda and 0.2 lambda, in the height direction.
  • Lambda is the wavelength of the center frequency of the lowest resonance frequency range of the cavity resonator radiator.
  • the wall areas can have a constant height.
  • the cavity resonator radiator radiates through a slot in the reflector.
  • the cavity of the cavity resonator is therefore wider than the slot, at least in a partial area. According to the invention, this has the advantage that the dipole radiator is better decoupled from the cavity resonator radiator and / or achieves a higher directivity, since it essentially sees the reflector.
  • the side walls of the cavity of the cavity resonator radiator which run in the longitudinal direction of the slot, are preferably arranged at a distance in the width direction from the edges of the slot.
  • the side walls follow the shape of the edges of the slot, in particular with a certain distance.
  • the distance between the side walls and the edges in the width direction is preferably less than 0.25 lambda and more preferably less than 0.15 lambda, with lambda being the wavelength of the center frequency of the lowest resonance frequency range of the cavity resonator radiator.
  • the distance between the side walls and the edges in the width direction can be greater than 0.05 lambda and preferably greater than 0.1 lambda, with lambda being the wavelength of the center frequency of the lowest resonance frequency range of the cavity resonator radiator.
  • the distance between the side walls and the edges in the width direction can be between 0.5 times and 1.5 times the smallest width of the slot.
  • the distance in the width direction between the side walls and the edges is constant, i. H. the side walls follow the course of the edges with a constant distance.
  • the side walls can also be spaced apart from the end of the slot in the longitudinal direction.
  • the distance in the longitudinal direction is less than 0.25 lambda and more preferably less than 0.15 lambda, lambda being the wavelength of the center frequency of the lowest resonance frequency range of the cavity resonator radiator.
  • the distance between the side walls in the longitudinal direction of the slot can correspond to the length of the slot.
  • the cavity of the cavity resonator radiator is particularly preferably formed by a base plate, side walls and a ceiling plate. If necessary, the base plate and / or the side walls and / or the top plate can also be manufactured in one piece from a metal plate and be connected to one another via folds.
  • the slot is preferably arranged in the cover plate. In one possible embodiment, the base plate and the top plate can run parallel to one another. Alternatively or additionally, the side walls can stand vertically on the base plate and / or the top plate.
  • the collar-shaped wall areas running along the edges of the slot are preferably attached to the cover plate. That the cavity
  • the housing that forms and in particular the base plate and / or the side walls and / or the top plate and / or the collar-shaped wall areas consist of a conductive material, in particular sheet metal.
  • the cover plate can electrically form part of the reflector.
  • a reflector plate can be provided which runs parallel to the ceiling plate of the cavity.
  • the reflector plate can have a recess into which the cover plate is inserted, preferably flush.
  • the cover plate can be arranged below the reflector plate, so that the recess in the reflector plate is smaller than the cover plate.
  • the collar-shaped wall areas arranged at the edges of the slot are preferably fastened to the ceiling plate of the cavity and protrude upwards through the recess in the reflector plate.
  • cover plate and the reflector plate can be in one piece and are formed by a single plate.
  • the base plate and / or the side walls and / or the top plate can additionally have material cutouts and / or consist of a metal grid in order to reduce the weight and / or to improve the electrical properties such as far field and bandwidth. Material recesses at points of high and / or low electrical field strengths are particularly preferred.
  • the slot has a first width at its narrowest point which is less than 0.25 lambda and preferably less than 0.15 lambda.
  • the slot can have a second width at its widest point, which is less than 0.5 lambda and preferably less than 0.3 lambda.
  • Lambda is the wavelength of the center frequency of the lowest resonance frequency range of the cavity resonator radiator.
  • the slot can have its smallest width in a central region in the longitudinal direction and have a greater width in the regions arranged in the longitudinal direction next to the central region.
  • the slot preferably has a constant first width in the central region.
  • the middle area can have a length of 0.1 lambda to 0.5 lambda, preferably 0.2 lambda to 0.3 lambda.
  • Lambda is the wavelength of the center frequency of the lowest resonance frequency range of the cavity resonator radiator.
  • the width of the slot in the outer areas arranged next to the central area can gradually increase towards the outside to a second width. It is preferably provided that the width in the outer regions increases gradually over a first partial region to a second width.
  • the width can be constant in a second partial area of the outer areas. Furthermore, as an alternative or in addition, the width can again gradually decrease towards the outside in a third sub-area.
  • the difference between the smallest and the largest width is greater than 0.05 lambda and more preferably greater than 0.1 lambda.
  • Lambda is the wavelength of the center frequency of the lowest resonance frequency range of the cavity resonator radiator.
  • the difference between the smallest and the largest width can be between 0.5 times and 1.5 times the smallest width.
  • the slot particularly preferably has a dumbbell shape or a bone shape.
  • the slot can have a mirror-symmetrical shape in the longitudinal and / or in the width direction with respect to the respective center line.
  • the slot can have an overall length of 0.2 lambda to 1.0 lambda, preferably 0.4 lambda to 0.8 lambda.
  • the length is particularly preferably between 0.4 lambda and 0.6 lambda.
  • Lambda is the wavelength of the center frequency of the lowest resonance frequency range of the cavity resonator radiator.
  • the cavity of the cavity resonator radiator is preferably the same length or longer than the slot in the longitudinal direction of the slot.
  • the cavity of the cavity resonator radiator can have a length between 0.3 lambda and 1.5 lambda, preferably between 0.5 lambda and 1.0 lambda, in the longitudinal direction of the slot.
  • Lambda is the wavelength of the center frequency of the lowest resonance frequency range of the cavity resonator radiator.
  • the cavity of the cavity resonator radiator can have a mirror-symmetrical shape in the longitudinal and / or in the width direction with respect to the respective central plane running perpendicular to the plane of the reflector.
  • the cavity resonator has an excitation structure which is at a distance between 0.05 Lambda and 0.6 lambda, preferably between 0.15 lambda and 0.35 lambda, is arranged above the bottom of the cavity of the cavity resonator.
  • the cavity resonator can have an excitation structure which is arranged at a distance between 0.05 lambda and 0.6 lambda, preferably between 0.15 lambda and 0.35 lambda, below an upper edge of the slot. If the slot is formed by wall areas extending in the vertical direction, the upper edge of the slot is defined as the upper edge of these wall areas in the vertical direction.
  • Lambda is the wavelength of the center frequency of the lowest resonance frequency range of the cavity resonator radiator.
  • the corresponding arrangement of the excitation structure results in particularly good resonance and radiation characteristics of the cavity resonator radiator.
  • the dipole radiator is preferably arranged at a distance between 0.1 lambda and 0.6 lambda, preferably between 0.15 lambda and 0.35 lambda, above the reflector.
  • Lambda is the wavelength of the center frequency of the lowest resonance frequency range of the dipole radiator.
  • the dipole can have a length between 0.3 lambda and 0.7 lambda, preferably between 0.4 lambda and 0.6 lambda.
  • lambda is the wavelength of the center frequency of the lowest resonance frequency range of the dipole radiator.
  • the dipole is arranged at a distance between 0.15 lambda and 0.35 lambda above the reflector, it has a directional far-field characteristic and at a distance between 0.4 lambda and 0.6 lambda a bi-directional far-field characteristic.
  • the areas of the reflector arranged next to the slot each have a width in the width direction of the slot, starting from the edge of the slot is at least twice as large as the minimum width of the tip.
  • the width is preferably in each case at least twice as large as the maximum width of the tip.
  • the width of the respective areas of the reflector is preferably at least four times and more preferably at least six times as large as the minimum width of the slot, further preferably at least four times and more preferably at least six times as large as the maximum width of the slot.
  • the width of the reflector and / or the slot ensures that the dipole radiator essentially only sees the reflector electrically and is therefore not influenced by the cavity resonator of the cavity resonator radiator and achieves high directivity and low radiation angles.
  • the reflector according to the invention preferably extends in one plane.
  • the width information mentioned above relates to the extent of the reflector in this plane.
  • the reflector can also have bevels in its edge region.
  • the reflector can be formed mechanically by a single reflector plate or by a combination of several plates.
  • the dipole radiator and the cavity radiator of the dual polarized antenna according to the invention preferably have different polarizations.
  • the polarizations are orthogonal to one another.
  • the dipole radiator can extend in the longitudinal direction of the slot.
  • the dipole radiator preferably extends above the slot along the center line of the slot.
  • the dipole radiator is aligned symmetrically to the edges of the slot in the longitudinal and / or in the width direction.
  • orthogonal polarizations of the respective radiators can be achieved despite the respective extension along the same longitudinal axis.
  • the cavity radiator which radiates through the slot, on the other hand, forms a magnetic dipole along the slot, so that the respective polarizations of the dipole radiator and the magnetic radiator are perpendicular to one another. This achieves an extremely compact arrangement in the width direction of the slot.
  • the dipole radiator and the cavity resonator radiator preferably have essentially the same or the same resonance frequency ranges.
  • at least one resonance frequency range of one radiator is at least 60% contained in a resonance frequency range of the other radiator, further preferably at least 80%.
  • the two radiators can be used for the same frequency bands or can be used for receiving and / or transmitting in the same frequency bands.
  • the dipole radiator according to the invention and the cavity resonator radiator according to the invention have separate ports and can therefore each be supplied with signals separately.
  • the dual polarized antenna according to the invention is particularly suitable for being combined with at least one further antenna and preferably a plurality of further antennas to form an antenna arrangement.
  • the further antenna (s) can be both further dual polarized antennas according to the invention and antennas that are not designed according to the invention, but optionally also dual polarized antennas.
  • the present invention therefore further comprises an antenna arrangement with at least one dual polarized antenna, as described in more detail above, and with at least one further antenna.
  • the antenna arrangement preferably comprises a plurality of further antennas.
  • the further antenna or antennas can be dual polarized antennas according to the invention act as they have been described above and / or further antennas not constructed according to the invention.
  • the further antenna can be arranged next to the dipole radiator on the reflector.
  • the further antenna is preferably arranged in the width direction of the slot next to the dipole radiator on the reflector.
  • the further antenna can be arranged in the longitudinal direction of the slot or the dipole radiator, preferably at the same height as the dipole radiator.
  • the center of the further antenna and the center of the dipole radiator are arranged at the same height in the longitudinal direction of the slot.
  • At least two further antennas can be arranged next to the dipole radiator, the antennas preferably being arranged in the longitudinal direction of the slot symmetrically with respect to the central axis of the dipole radiator.
  • At least one antenna is arranged on both sides of the dipole radiator. If necessary, several additional antennas can also be arranged on both sides.
  • the antennas arranged on the respective sides of the dipole radiator are preferably arranged mirror-symmetrically with respect to a plane which is perpendicular to the reflector and extends in the longitudinal direction of the slot and / or the dipole radiator.
  • the further antenna or antennas mentioned above are preferably dual polarized antennas. However, these do not have to be designed according to the invention. Rather, dual polarized antennas can also be used, in which both polarizations are provided by dipoles.
  • the further antennas can be antennas which have two orthogonally aligned dipole radiators, in particular around dipole squares.
  • the further antennas are preferably antennas for a different frequency band. These are preferably antennas for a higher frequency band. Alternatively or additionally, the further or further antennas can have a different resonance frequency range than the radiators of the dual polarized antenna according to the invention, in particular a higher, lowest resonance frequency range.
  • the further antenna or antennas can have a lower height above the reflector than the dipole radiator of the antenna according to the invention.
  • the at least one further antenna is preferably at a distance from the dipole radiator according to the invention which is less than 2 lambda and further preferably less than 1 lambda, where lambda is the wavelength of the center frequency of the lowest resonance frequency range of the dipole radiator.
  • the distance is preferably defined as the smallest distance between a radiating area of the further antenna and a radiating area of the dipole radiator according to the invention projected into the reflector plane. The distance is preferably less than 0.7 lambda.
  • the further antenna or the further antennas can couple as parasitic elements with the dipole radiator and / or the cavity resonator radiator of the antenna according to the invention. This results in a very narrow far-field diagram of the radiator. If a symmetrical arrangement of the further antennas around the dipole radiator according to the invention is selected, the far field is accordingly influenced symmetrically.
  • the antenna arrangement can comprise a plurality of antennas according to the invention, as described above.
  • the antennas according to the invention preferably have a common reflector plane.
  • the antennas can have a common reflector.
  • a common metal plate with cutouts for the respective upper sides of the cavity resonators or the slots according to the invention of the cavity resonator radiators can be used as the reflector.
  • the reflector plane can, however, also be mechanically composed of a plurality of individual reflector plates.
  • antennas according to the invention can be arranged in a row next to one another.
  • the antennas preferably each have alternating orientations that are furthermore preferably orthogonal to one another.
  • the embodiments of the slot or of the cavity resonator which are preferred according to the invention allow a particularly compact arrangement of the individual antennas with respect to one another.
  • a plurality of such rows of antennas according to the invention can be arranged next to one another.
  • the antennas preferably also have alternating orientations in a direction perpendicular to the rows, furthermore preferably orthogonal to one another.
  • At least four antennas according to the invention, as described above, can be arranged in a square to one another.
  • the slots can each be arranged on the legs of a square.
  • the antenna arrangements according to the invention in which several antennas according to the invention are combined with one another, can also have further antennas, which may not be designed according to the invention.
  • further antennas which may not be designed according to the invention.
  • a combination with the example described above is one Combination with at least one further antenna, which is arranged on the reflector, is conceivable.
  • further antennas can be arranged inside and / or outside the square on the reflector.
  • a number of further antennas can be arranged in addition to one or more rows of antennas according to the invention.
  • the dual polarized antenna according to the invention is preferably an antenna for a cellular radio base station.
  • the antenna is used to transmit and / or receive mobile radio signals in a base station of a mobile radio network.
  • the two radiators 1 and 2 which generate the two polarizations of the dual polarized antenna according to the invention, are of different types.
  • the two radiators 1 and 2 have a common reflector 3.
  • the two radiators are arranged with respect to the reflector 3 so that that the polarization is generated above the common reflector, the other, preferably orthogonal polarization below the common reflector 3.
  • the first polarization is generated via a dipole radiator 1, the second polarization via a cavity resonator radiator 2.
  • the cavity resonator radiator 2 is arranged below the reflector and radiates through a slot 4 in the reflector 3.
  • the dipole radiator 1 is arranged above the reflector, with a signal line 5 of the dipole radiator 1 passes through the slot 4.
  • the individual components of the dual polarized antenna according to the invention are in particular in Fig. 2 clearly visible.
  • the dipole radiator 1 is shown at the top on the right.
  • the dipole radiator 1 has two dipole halves 6 which run parallel to the plane of the reflector.
  • the two dipole arms are supplied with signals via the signal lines 5.
  • the signal lines 5 run out of the cavity of the cavity resonator radiator through the slot and up to the two dipole halves 6.
  • conductive structure which can be implemented on the one hand as a metallization of a circuit board or on the other hand as a sheet metal structure. If a printed circuit board is used, it also extends through the slot 4 and forms a support for the dipole radiator 1. If a sheet metal structure is used, the signal lines simultaneously form the support for the dipole radiator.
  • the cavity 8 of the cavity resonator radiator 2 has a base plate 10, a cover plate 11 and side walls 9 which extend from the base plate to the cover plate.
  • the slot 4 through which the cavity resonator radiator emits is arranged in the ceiling plate 11.
  • the slot 4 is surrounded by circumferential, collar-shaped wall areas 12. In the exemplary embodiment, these form a step running perpendicular to the reflector plane. These wall areas improve the directivity of the cavity resonator radiator.
  • the walls of the cavity are made of an electrically conductive material, preferably sheet metal.
  • the cavity resonator radiator 2 is excited by a probe 7 reaching into the cavity. The probe preferably runs parallel to the reflector plane and perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the slot in the cavity.
  • the excitation structure 7 is also passed through a cutout 28 in the printed circuit board 19 carrying the signal lines 5 and the dipole antenna 6.
  • the cover plate 11 of the cavity 8 of the cavity resonator 2 can electrically form part of the common resonator of the two radiators.
  • the in Fig. 1 and 2 For this purpose, the cover plate 11 is inserted flush into a corresponding recess 13 of the resonator plate.
  • the resonator plate could also be placed over the top plate 11, or the top plate 11 could be made in one piece with the resonator plate.
  • the cavity resonator radiator and the dipole radiator are combined to form an orthogonally polarized antenna.
  • the dipole radiator 1 extends parallel to the slot 4 of the cavity resonator radiator 2.
  • the dipole 1 extends parallel to the slot 4 and perpendicular to the excitation structure 7 of the cavity resonator radiator.
  • cavity resonator radiators 2 and dipole 1 generate polarizations that are orthogonal to one another.
  • the parallel arrangement of slot 4 and dipole 1 nevertheless results in a very compact arrangement in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal extension of slot 4.
  • Preferred dimensions of the dual polarized antenna according to the invention are now based on FIG Fig. 3a and 3b described in more detail.
  • the individual values shown on the basis of the specific exemplary embodiment can also be used advantageously on their own and independently of the other values. All values are related to the wavelength lambda of the center frequency of the lowest resonance frequency range of the respective radiator, ie with regard to the measurements in Fig. 3a to that of the cavity resonator radiator, with regard to the dimensions in Figure 3b to that of the dipole radiator.
  • a resonance frequency range is a coherent frequency range with an adjustment of better 6 dB (e.g. for cell phone antennas), or better 10 dB (e.g. micro cell antennas) or better 14 dB (e.g. macro cell antennas).
  • the lowest resonance frequency range is preferably understood to be the lowest resonance frequency range used to operate the antenna.
  • the wavelength specified in relation to the dimensioning is the effective wavelength, i.e. H. around the wavelength in the corresponding medium. It is conceivable to fill the slot and / or the cavity with dielectric. This can influence manufacturing costs, dimensions, and electrical and mechanical properties.
  • the cavity can be completely filled with dielectric to reduce the dimensions.
  • the measurements refer to the wavelength lambda in the dielectric.
  • the cavity is at least partially filled with dielectric in order to bind and / or focus the electromagnetic fields in the direction of the reflector plane.
  • Preferred dimensions of the cavity resonator radiator are now based on FIG Fig. 3a specified.
  • the dimensions of the cavity resonator radiator are shown with respect to the wavelength lambda of the center frequency of the lowest frequency range of the cavity resonator radiator.
  • the slot 4 has different widths over its extension.
  • the slot has a constant first width B1.
  • the width B1 is less than 0.25 lambda, preferably less than 0.15 lambda.
  • Areas in which the width of the slot increases from the first width B1 to a second width B1 + B2 are connected to the right and left of the middle area.
  • the increase in width is gradual, in particular linear.
  • B2 is less than 0.25 lambda, preferably less than 0.15 lambda.
  • the width decreases towards the outside again to the first width B1. This also takes place gradually, in the exemplary embodiment linearly.
  • the middle region 14, in which the slot has a constant first width B1 has a length L1 between 0.1 lambda and 0.5 lambda, preferably between 0.2 lambda and 0.3 lambda.
  • the maximum width of the slot B1 + B2 is less than 0.5 lambda, preferably less than 0.3 lambda.
  • the total length of the slot is 0.2 lambda to 1 lambda, preferably 0.4 lambda to 0.8 lambda.
  • the side walls 9 of the cavity of the cavity resonator are arranged at a constant distance from the edges of the slot 4 in the exemplary embodiment.
  • the side walls follow the course of the slot with an essentially constant spacing in the width direction.
  • the distance between the side walls of the cavity and the edges of the slot in the width direction B3 is less than 0.25 lambda, preferably less than 0.15 lambda.
  • the side walls of the cavity arranged on the two longitudinal sides of the slot or the cavity are also arranged at a certain distance in the longitudinal direction from the ends of the slot. However, this is not absolutely necessary.
  • the cavity resonator thus has the same shape as the slot in the reflector, apart from a constant distance or offset. Furthermore, the shape of the cavity resonator can be an enlargement of the shape of the slot.
  • the shape of the cavity of the cavity resonator shown has advantages, as will be shown in more detail below, in the nesting of several antennas according to the invention. However, other shapes of the slot and the cavity are also conceivable.
  • the total length of the cavity of the cavity resonator L3 is between 0.3 lambda and 1.5 lambda, preferably between 0.5 lambda and 1 lambda.
  • B1, B2 and / or B3, taken individually, are preferably more than 0.05 lambda, more preferably more than 0.1 lambda.
  • the side walls 9, which extend from the base plate 10 to the top plate 11, are straight in the exemplary embodiment. Farther these side walls are perpendicular to the plane of the reflector. However, steps and / or bevels are also conceivable here.
  • the edges of the slot 4 are designed as a step 12 which, in the exemplary embodiment, extends with a height H0 in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the cover plate 11 or the reflector 3.
  • This gradation 12 surrounds the slot 4 on all sides and ensures an improved directional effect.
  • the height H0 is 0 lambda to 0.4 lambda, preferably between 0.1 lambda and 0.2 lambda.
  • the excitation structure 7 for the cavity resonator is preferably arranged halfway between the upper edge 15 of the slot, which is formed by the upper edge of the bevel 12, and the lower edge of the cavity resonator formed by the base plate 10.
  • This middle plane carries in Fig. 3 the reference number 17.
  • the distance H1 between the height position of the excitation structure 7 and the upper edge of the slot or of the cavity resonator is between 0 lambda and 0.6 lambda, preferably between 0.15 lambda and 0.35 lambda.
  • the distance H2 between the height position 17 of the excitation structure 7 of the cavity resonator and the lower plane 18 formed by the base plate 10 can be between 0 lambda and 0.6 lambda, preferably between 0.15 lambda and 0.35 lambda.
  • FIG 3b the dimensions of the dipole radiator 1 of the exemplary embodiment are shown.
  • the dimensions of the dipole are shown with respect to the wavelength lambda of the center frequency of the lowest frequency range of the dipole.
  • the dipole 1 has a length L4 between 0.3 lambda and 0.7 lambda, preferably between 0.4 lambda and 0.6 lambda.
  • the length L4 of the dipole 1 is measured as the distance between the respective outer ends of the two dipole halves 6 of the dipole 1.
  • the height is preferably between 0.1 lambda and 0.6 lambda, further preferably between 0.2 lambda and 0.3 lambda or between 0.4 lambda and 0.6 lambda.
  • the optimal height is 0.25 lambda, for a bidirectional antenna diagram, 0.5 lambda.
  • Fig. 4 three embodiments with the designations 000, 003 and 004 are shown, which differ with regard to the collar-shaped bevel 12, which forms the edge of the slot.
  • the height H0 of the collar-shaped fold is identical, and in the exemplary embodiment is 15 mm.
  • the collar-shaped fold is arranged completely above the cavity, and extends from the ceiling plate or the plane of the reflector 3 upwards.
  • the fold extends from the plane of the ceiling plate or the reflector both upwards and downwards into the cavity resonator.
  • the fold extends from the plane of the reflector or the ceiling plate exclusively downward into the cavity resonator, and not upward beyond the plane of the reflector.
  • All three exemplary embodiments have similar far-field diagrams and similar S-parameters and thus show influences on the fine-tuning of the antenna.
  • the position of the excitation structure 7 for the cavity resonator was adapted to the position of the upper edge of the slot so that it is located in the height direction at a distance of approx. 0.25 lambda below the upper edge of the slot.
  • the excitation structure 7 was therefore arranged correspondingly lower than in exemplary embodiment 000.
  • the dipole radiator can be designed as a printed circuit board radiator in a first variant and is fed by a waveguide arranged on the printed circuit board.
  • the waveguide 5 is a signal line formed by the metallization of the printed circuit board and is designed, for example, as a microstrip line and / or coupled microstrip line and / or coplanar stripline or coplanar slot line.
  • the signal line formed by the metallization of the circuit board connects the dipole halves 6 formed by the metallization of the circuit board with a feed point 20 at which the circuit board is connected to a coaxial cable 21.
  • a printed circuit board 19 as a carrier for the dipole radiator and / or the signal line has the advantage that a mechanically and structurally extremely simple solution could be found through which the signal line or the carrier can be guided through the slot of the cavity resonator radiator. This allows the dipole radiator to be positioned over the slot.
  • the circuit board can optionally also be used for impedance matching and / or interconnection of the dipole and / or cavity resonator radiator.
  • filter structures and / or hybrid couplers and / or a balun and / or a field symmetrization structure for feeding symmetrical and / or differential antennas and / or other structures can be integrated on the circuit board.
  • these structures can also be printed circuits; H. to elements that are made available by the metallization of the circuit board.
  • the coupling of the coaxial cable to the circuit board can take place both inside the cavity of the cavity resonator radiator and outside. If it is done outside, the circuit board is preferably led out of the cavity in a section that carries the feed point, the microstrip line 5 being led from the contact point 20 located outside the cavity into the interior of the cavity and from there through the slot to the dipole elements 6 is.
  • the dipole radiator can be designed as a sheet metal radiator.
  • the dipole halves and signal lines are formed by a sheet metal structure.
  • the sheet metal structure can have the same shape and / or configuration as the metallization provided in the first variant. All that is needed is a substrate. This can significantly reduce costs.
  • the excitation structure for the cavity resonator radiator is introduced through an opening in a side wall of the cavity of the cavity resonator radiator, and runs there parallel to the plane of the reflector and perpendicular to the plane of the circuit board of the dipole or perpendicular to the longitudinal extent of the slot.
  • the excitation structure extends through a recess in the printed circuit board or sheet metal structure of the dipole.
  • the dipole is arranged centrally above the slot with respect to the longitudinal extent and / or with respect to the width direction of the slot.
  • the excitation structure for the cavity resonator is arranged in the longitudinal direction centrally below the slot.
  • a first embodiment of the feeding of the dipole radiator and the cavity resonator radiator is now shown.
  • the metallization of the circuit board, which carries the signal line and the dipole is shown, as well as the excitation structure 7 for the cavity resonator.
  • a sectional view through the antenna according to the invention is shown on the right, the printed circuit board 19 itself also being shown here.
  • the metallization shown on the left can also be designed as a sheet metal structure without a substrate.
  • the dipole is fed via a feed point 20 which is arranged below the level of the excitation structure 7 within the cavity of the cavity resonator.
  • the energy fed in there via the coaxial cable 21 is then conducted upwards to the dipole via the waveguide 5 which is arranged on the circuit board or formed by the sheet metal structure and is designed as a microstrip line.
  • the circuit board 19 or the sheet metal structure and thus the dipole is thereby floating in the slot of the cavity resonator radiator.
  • the arrangement of the coaxial cable 21 in the floor area has the advantage that the Field of the cavity resonator radiator is not disturbed by the dipole cable and is therefore more symmetrical.
  • the coaxial cable 21 for feeding the dipole 6 is guided into the cavity through a side wall of the cavity of the cavity resonator.
  • the excitation structure 7 for the cavity resonator radiator is guided into this through an opening in a side wall of the cavity of the cavity resonator radiator, and runs there parallel to the plane of the reflector 3 and perpendicular to the plane of the circuit board 19 or perpendicular to the longitudinal extent of the slot 4.
  • the excitation structure 7 is thereby passed through a recess 28 through the circuit board 19 or the sheet metal structure.
  • the excitation structure is formed by the end of a coaxial cable 22 which protrudes laterally into the cavity resonator.
  • the outer conductor of the coaxial cable 22 is led only as far as under the slot or to the central plane of the cavity, and is then removed.
  • the in Fig. 6 The second exemplary embodiment shown is based on the same configuration of the excitation structure of the dipole radiator and of the cavity resonator radiator that is already used Fig. 5 . was shown.
  • two metallic bodies 25 are arranged around the two halves of the excitation structure 7 here. In this way, a biconic structure is formed in the exemplary embodiment.
  • the two cone bodies 25 are each arranged in a rotationally symmetrical manner around the inner conductor 23 or the outer conductor of the coaxial cable 22 and their two cones point to one another. This promotes the detachment of the wave from the feeder cable and / or the excitation of the cavity resonator radiator. With the metallic ones Bodies, this is a matching and / or radiator structure of the excitation structure.
  • the cavity resonator radiator is excited by an excitation structure arranged on a printed circuit board 30 or formed by a sheet metal structure.
  • the circuit board 30 or sheet metal structure for exciting the cavity resonator radiator runs orthogonally to the circuit board 29 or sheet metal structure which carries the dipole radiator and / or the signal line 5 of the dipole radiator.
  • the circuit board structure is shown on the left, and the metallization without the intervening circuit boards or sheet metal structures on the right.
  • Fig. 8 a sectional view through the radiator according to the invention is shown.
  • the circuit board 29 or the sheet metal structure of the dipole each has a recess 37, 45 or 47 open to one side, through which the circuit board 30 or the sheet metal structure of the excitation structure can be pushed into an end position in which it holds the circuit board 29 or the sheet metal structure of the dipole radiator penetrated. This enables particularly simple assembly.
  • the excitation structure is formed by a metallization strip 31 on the circuit board 30, which passes through the cavity resonator perpendicular to the plane of the circuit board 29 of the dipole and is extended beyond the central plane formed by the circuit board 29.
  • the metallization 33 opposite the metallization strip 31 via the printed circuit board, on the other hand, is only guided as far as the center of the cavity.
  • the two metallization strips 31 and 33 are connected to a coaxial cable 32 via a feed point 34.
  • a corresponding sheet metal structure can again be used.
  • the feed point 34 can lie inside or outside the cavity resonator.
  • the in Fig. 7 and 8th The embodiment shown is the printed circuit board 30, which carries the excitation structure for the cavity resonator, or the sheet metal structure of the excitation structure is aligned parallel to the plane of the reflector.
  • the feed point 34 is located inside the cavity resonator, near a side wall, so that the coaxial cable 32 is connected inside with the circuit board 30 or the sheet metal structure and is led out of the cavity in a floor area 10 through an opening 39 located there.
  • the feed point 20, with which the coaxial cable 21 is connected to the signal lines 35, 36 for the dipole radiator is also located within the cavity of the cavity resonator.
  • the coaxial cable 21 is led out through an opening 38 in a side wall 9 of the cavity.
  • the feed point 20 for the dipole radiator is arranged below the feed point 34 for the cavity resonator radiator.
  • the circuit board 29 or the sheet metal structure has a laterally open recess 37 through which the circuit board 30 or the sheet metal structure of the excitation structure passes.
  • the metallization 35, 36 forming the signal line 5 on the printed circuit board 29 of the dipole radiator is guided in an arc shape from the feed point 20 located below around the recess and thus the excitation structure. If the signal lines 5 of the dipole radiator are formed by a sheet metal structure, this has a recess for the excitation structure due to the curved guidance of the signal lines.
  • FIG. 9 Another exemplary embodiment is shown, the respective circuit board structures being shown on the left and only the metallization without the circuit boards or the sheet metal structure being shown on the right.
  • Fig. 10 shows the in Fig. 9 The circuit board structure shown installed in the cavity of the cavity resonator radiator.
  • the feed points 20 'and 34' for the dipole radiator and the excitation structure are each outside the cavity of the cavity resonator radiator.
  • the printed circuit boards 29 'or 30' or sheet metal structures used for this purpose have corresponding extensions with which they pass through cutouts in the base or in the side wall of the cavity resonator radiator.
  • the embodiment shown also has a different mechanical design.
  • the circuit board 29 ' has lateral wings 38 with which it can be connected to the side walls of the cavity of the cavity resonator radiator. It also has feet 39 and 40 with which it goes through slots in the base plate. One of the feet also carries the feed point 20 via which the coaxial cable is connected to the metallizations 35 'and 36', which form the signal lines and the dipole radiator.
  • the circuit board 30 'or sheet metal structure for the excitation structure 7 can be pushed into position via a recess 44 in the circuit board 29' that is open to a lower side edge of the circuit board 29 '.
  • the metallizations 31 'and 33' or sheet metal elements, which form the excitation structure, are each triangular in shape in order to increase the bandwidth.
  • the printed circuit board 30 ′ or sheet metal structure is mechanically fastened on both sides to the side walls 9 of the cavity and, in particular, pushed into slots 43 provided there. Furthermore, a galvanic and / or capacitive coupling of the metallizations 31 'and 33' or sheet metal elements with the respective side walls can also take place here.
  • the feed point 34 ' is led out in the middle.
  • the walls forming the cavity furthermore have tabs through which the coaxial cables 21 and 32 are guided and are thereby held mechanically.
  • FIG. 11 and 12th The embodiment shown essentially corresponds to that in FIG Fig. 9 and 10 shown embodiment with the difference that the circuit board 30 ′′ or the sheet metal structure, which carries or forms the excitation structure, is now aligned perpendicular to the reflector plane and perpendicular to the circuit board 29 ′′ or sheet metal structure of the dipole radiator.
  • a narrow slot 45 needs to be provided in the circuit board 29 ′′ or the sheet metal structure of the dipole radiator for inserting the circuit board 30 'or the sheet metal structure which carries or forms the excitation structure.
  • the ends of the respective metallization or sheet metal structure which forms the excitation structure 7 can be made wider than the central part in order to promote the separation of the waves. In the same way, the ends of the two dipole halves can also be made widened.
  • the dual polarized antenna according to the invention is particularly well suited for use in a group antenna in which the dual polarized antenna according to the invention is combined and / or nested with at least one further antenna to form an antenna arrangement.
  • the further antenna or further antennas can be operated in the same frequency band and / or in a different frequency band than the dual polarized antenna according to the invention.
  • the further antenna or antennas preferably have different resonance frequency ranges compared to the resonance frequency ranges of the dual polarized antenna according to the invention.
  • a first embodiment of such an antenna arrangement is now shown, in which a dual polarized antenna 48 according to the invention with two additional radiators 49 and 50 were combined.
  • the two further radiators 49 and 50 are arranged on the reflector 3 of the antenna according to the invention.
  • the reflector 3 thus forms a common reflector for all antennas.
  • the two further antennas 49 and 50 are dual polarized antennas, which are formed from two orthogonally aligned dipole radiators, in particular two dipole squares. These are arranged symmetrically with respect to the width direction and the longitudinal direction of the slot 4 next to the dipole 1 and the slot 4, respectively.
  • the further radiators are used for a frequency range which is above the frequency range of the antenna according to the invention.
  • the height of the antennas 49 and 50 above the reflector 3 is less than the height of the dipole 1.
  • the antenna according to the invention is used for the frequency range 1427 to 1550 MHz, and has a frequency range optimized for this.
  • the further antennas 49 and 50 are used for the frequency range 1695 to 2690 MHz and have a correspondingly optimized frequency range.
  • the nesting shown has the advantage that the further dipoles 49 and 50 have a positive influence on the far-field characteristics of the dual polarized antenna 48 according to the invention.
  • the further antennas 49 and 50 act as parasitic elements in particular for the cavity resonator radiator and narrow the far-field diagram.
  • FIG Fig. 16 Another embodiment of an antenna arrangement with a high integration density is shown in FIG Fig. 16 shown.
  • a large number of further antennas 49 and 50 are arranged on the reflector 3 of the antenna according to the invention.
  • the arrangement is symmetrical with respect to the central plane formed by the dipole 1.
  • the further antennas are dual polarized antennas, which are formed from two orthogonally aligned dipole radiators, in particular two dipole squares, and / or antennas for a higher frequency range.
  • two rows of four antennas each are arranged next to one another in the longitudinal direction of the slot.
  • antennas according to the invention can also be nested with one another.
  • the antennas according to the invention can be used for the same and / or different frequency bands or with the same and / or different resonance frequency ranges.
  • FIG. 17 an arrangement is shown in which several antennas according to the invention are arranged in a row 65 next to one another. Antennas 60 and 61 alternate in the row with mutually orthogonal orientations.
  • the bone shape according to the invention of the cavities of the cavity resonators results, as in FIG Fig. 17 shown below, a particularly compact arrangement in the row.
  • a common reflector plate 3 is used for the individual antennas.
  • Fig. 18 a further embodiment of such an interleaving is shown, in which two rows 65 and 66 of as in FIG Fig. 17 nested antennas shown are arranged side by side.
  • the antennas are arranged both in the direction of the row and perpendicular to the row, each with an orthogonal alignment to one another. This also results in a particularly compact alignment.
  • the arrangement shown four antennas according to the invention are arranged in a square.
  • two radiators 70 are optimized for the frequency band 824 to 880 MHz, and two antennas 71 for the frequency band 880 to 960 MHz.
  • the antennas are arranged in a square with a side length D2 of 230 mm.
  • further radiators 73 are arranged within the square formed by the antennas according to the invention, and further radiators 72 are arranged outside.
  • the further radiators can be optimized for the frequency band 1696 to 2690 MHz and / or 1350 to 2170 MHz, for example.
  • the further radiators are preferably dual polarized dipole radiators, which in turn are arranged on the common reflector 3.
  • radiators of the antenna or antenna arrangement can be combined with one another in order to undertake impedance compensation and / or phase compensation and / or far field compensation via the interconnection.
  • the dipole radiator according to the invention and the cavity resonator radiator according to the invention can also be connected together independently of the combination of the antenna according to the invention with further antennas.
  • radiators according to the invention can also be interconnected as required. This also applies in particular to the in Fig. 17 and 18th Nesting options shown, in which various interconnections of the individual radiators are possible.

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Claims (15)

  1. Antenne à double polarisation, comprenant un dispositif rayonnant dipolaire (1), un dispositif rayonnant résonateur à cavité (2) et un réflecteur (3) qui comprend une fente (4),
    où le dispositif rayonnant résonateur à cavité (2) est disposé en-dessous du réflecteur (3) et est prévu pour rayonner à travers la fente (4) dans le réflecteur, et où
    le dispositif rayonnant dipolaire (1) est disposé au-dessus du réflecteur (3),
    et où
    une ligne de signalisation (5) du dispositif rayonnant dipolaire (1), et de préférence, un support (19) du dispositif rayonnant dipolaire (1), passent à travers la fente (4).
  2. Antenne à double polarisation selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle le dispositif rayonnant dipolaire (1) est relié électriquement avec un point d'alimentation (20) du dispositif rayonnant dipolaire (1) disposé en-dessous du réflecteur par la ligne de signalisation (5) menée à travers la fente, et/ou l'antenne à double polarisation comprend en outre un point de fixation, où le dispositif rayonnant dipolaire (1) est maintenu mécaniquement par le support (19) sur le point de fixation disposé en-dessous du réflecteur.
  3. Antenne à double polarisation selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle la structure d'excitation (7) du dispositif rayonnant résonateur à cavité et notamment, au moins un conducteur de la structure d'excitation (7), traverse un évidement (28, 37, 44, 45) du support, notamment, un évidement dans lequel le dispositif rayonnant dipolaire (1), et/ou les lignes de signalisation (5) du circuit imprimé (19, 29) portant le dispositif rayonnant dipolaire, ou passe à travers cette structure de tôle le formant, où l'évidement est fermé ou ouvert vers l'extérieur, et/ou où la structure d'excitation (7) et de préférence, les deux conducteurs de la structure d'excitation (7) du dispositif rayonnant résonateur à cavité s'étend ou s'étendent à travers une paroi latérale (9) de la cavité du résonateur à cavité vers la cavité.
  4. Antenne à double polarisation selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle le point d'alimentation (20) du dispositif rayonnant dipolaire (1) est disposé en-dessous d'une structure d'excitation (7) du dispositif rayonnant résonateur à cavité dans la cavité (8) du dispositif rayonnant résonateur à cavité, notamment, dans une zone de socle de la cavité, ou à l'extérieur et, de préférence, en-dessous de la cavité (8) du dispositif rayonnant résonateur à cavité, et/ou où l'antenne à double polarisation comprend en outre un câble coaxial (21) avec une ligne disposée sur un circuit imprimé ou formée par une structure en tôle, où le câble coaxial (21) est mis en contact dans le point d'alimentation du dispositif rayonnant dipolaire (1).
  5. Antenne à double polarisation selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle la structure d'excitation (7) présente au moins une structure d'adaptation métallique et/ou une structure de dispositif rayonnant, où, de préférence, la structure d'adaptation et/ou la structure de dispositif rayonnant présente un corps (25) métallique, lequel est disposé autour de la structure d'excitation du résonateur à cavité.
  6. Antenne à double polarisation selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle des zones de parois (12) en forme de collerettes s'étendent le long des bords de la fente (4), où les zones de parois (12) forment de préférence une dénivellation avec le réflecteur (3), et/ou où les zones de paroi (12) présentent dans la direction de la hauteur de préférence une extension entre 0,01 lambda et 0,4 lambda, de préférence entre 0,05 lambda et 0,2 lambda, où dans le cas de lambda, il s'agit de la longueur d'onde de la fréquence moyenne de la zone de fréquence de résonance la plus basse du dispositif rayonnant résonateur à cavité (2), et/ou où les zones de paroi présentent une hauteur constante.
  7. Antenne à double polarisation selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle les parois latérales (9) de la cavité (8) du dispositif rayonnant résonateur à cavité s'étendant dans la direction longitudinale de la fente (4) sont disposées espacées dans le sens de la largeur par rapport aux bords (12) de la fente (4) et de préférence, suivent la forme des bords de la fente, où la distance entre les parois latérales et les bords dans le sens de la largeur est inférieure à 0,25 lambda, et est de préférence inférieure à 0,15 lambda, et dans laquelle la distance entre les parois latérales et les bords dans le sens de la largeur est supérieure à 0,05 lambda et de préférence est supérieure à 0,1 lambda, où, dans le cas de lambda, il s'agit de la longueur d'onde de la fréquence moyenne de la zone de fréquence de résonance la plus basse du dispositif rayonnant résonateur à cavité.
  8. Antenne à double polarisation selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle la fente (4) présente une première largeur (B1) au niveau de son endroit le plus étroit (14), laquelle est inférieure à 0,25 lambda et de préférence est inférieure à 0,15 lambda, où, dans le cas de lambda, il s'agit de la longueur d'onde de la fréquence moyenne de la zone de fréquence de résonance la plus basse du dispositif rayonnant résonateur à cavité, et/ou
    dans laquelle la fente (4) présente une deuxième largeur (B1 + B2) au niveau de son endroit le plus large (15), laquelle est inférieure à 0,5 lambda et de préférence est inférieure à 0,3 lambda, où, dans le cas de lambda, il s'agit de la longueur d'onde de la fréquence moyenne de la zone de fréquence de résonance la plus basse du dispositif rayonnant résonateur à cavité,
    et/ou, dans laquelle la fente présente sa largeur la plus étroite (B1) dans une zone centrale (14) dans la direction longitudinale et présente une largeur plus grande dans les zones externes (15) disposées la direction longitudinale à côté de la zone centrale, où la fente présente de préférence une première largeur (B1) constante dans la zone centrale, et/ou, dans laquelle, de préférence, la zone centrale présente une longueur de 0,1 lambda à 0,5 lambda, de préférence de 0,2 lambda à 0,3 lambda, où, dans le cas de lambda, il s'agit de la longueur d'onde de la fréquence moyenne de la zone de fréquence de résonance la plus basse du dispositif rayonnant résonateur à cavité.
  9. Antenne à double polarisation selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle la fente (4) présente une longueur totale L2 de 0,2 lambda à 1,0 lambda, de préférence de 0,4 lambda à 0,8 lambda, où, dans le cas de lambda, il s'agit de la longueur d'onde de la fréquence moyenne de la zone de fréquence de résonance la plus basse du dispositif rayonnant résonateur à cavité.
  10. Antenne à double polarisation selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle la cavité (8) du dispositif rayonnant résonateur à cavité présente dans la direction longitudinale de la fente (4) une longueur (L3) entre 0,3 lambda et 1,5 lambda, de préférence entre 0,5 lambda et 1,0 lambda, où, dans le cas de lambda, il s'agit de la longueur d'onde de la fréquence moyenne de la zone de fréquence de résonance la plus basse du dispositif rayonnant résonateur à cavité,
  11. Antenne à double polarisation selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle les zones du réflecteur (3) disposées à côté de la fente dans le sens de la largeur de la fente présentent respectivement, en partant du bord de la fente, une largeur, laquelle est au moins deux fois aussi grande que la largeur minimale, et de préférence, la largeur maximale, de la fente (4), laquelle est au moins quatre fois et plus préférentiellement au moins six fois aussi grande que la largeur minimale, et de préférence, la largeur maximale, de la fente.
  12. Antenne à double polarisation selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle le dispositif rayonnant dipolaire (1) et le dispositif rayonnant résonateur à cavité (2) présentent des polarisations différentes et de préférence orthogonales, et/ou où le dispositif rayonnant dipolaire (1) s'étend dans la direction longitudinale de la fente (4) et/ou où le dispositif rayonnant dipolaire (1) et le dispositif rayonnant résonateur à cavité (2) présentent essentiellement le ou les mêmes plages de fréquences de résonance et/ou peuvent être utilisés pour les mêmes bandes de fréquence.
  13. Ensemble d'antennes comprenant au moins une antenne à double polarisation selon l'une des revendications précédentes et au moins une autre antenne.
  14. Ensemble d'antennes selon la revendication 13, dans lequel l'autre antenne (49, 50) est disposée à côté du dispositif rayonnant dipolaire sur le réflecteur, où, dans le cas de l'autre ou des autres antennes (49, 50), il s'agit de préférence d'antennes à double polarisation et/ou de carrés dipolaires, et/ou dans lequel l'autre ou les autres antennes présentent de préférence une hauteur moins importante au-dessus du réflecteur que le dispositif rayonnant dipolaire.
  15. Ensemble d'antennes selon la revendication 13 ou la revendication 14, doté de plusieurs antennes (60, 61) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel les antennes présentent de préférence un plan réflecteur (3) commun et plus préférentiellement, un réflecteur commun, et/ou dans lequel les nombreuses antennes selon l'une des revendications précédentes sont disposées dans une rangée (65) les unes à côté des autres avec respectivement une orientation alternée de préférence de manière orthogonale les unes par rapport aux autres, et/ou dans lequel les nombreuses antennes (70, 71) selon l'une des revendications précédentes sont disposées en formant un carré les unes avec les autres, où l'ensemble d'antennes comprend de préférence d'autres antennes (72, 73) qui sont disposées à l'intérieur et/ou à l'extérieur du carré sur le réflecteur.
EP17704662.0A 2016-02-05 2017-02-03 Antenne à double polarisation Active EP3411921B1 (fr)

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DE102016001327.3A DE102016001327A1 (de) 2016-02-05 2016-02-05 Dual polarisierte Antenne
PCT/EP2017/000143 WO2017133849A1 (fr) 2016-02-05 2017-02-03 Antenne à double polarisation

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US20190044243A1 (en) 2019-02-07
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WO2017133849A1 (fr) 2017-08-10
CN108701893A (zh) 2018-10-23
US11081800B2 (en) 2021-08-03

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