EP3214695B1 - Antenne de téléphonie mobile - Google Patents

Antenne de téléphonie mobile Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3214695B1
EP3214695B1 EP17157872.7A EP17157872A EP3214695B1 EP 3214695 B1 EP3214695 B1 EP 3214695B1 EP 17157872 A EP17157872 A EP 17157872A EP 3214695 B1 EP3214695 B1 EP 3214695B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
antennae
dipole
antennas
dielectric body
emitters
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Application number
EP17157872.7A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3214695A1 (fr
Inventor
Andreas Vollmer
Max GÖTTL
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Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson AB
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Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson AB
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
    • H01Q1/241—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM
    • H01Q1/246—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM specially adapted for base stations
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
    • H01Q1/521—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure reducing the coupling between adjacent antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/10—Resonant slot antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/02—Refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens, prism
    • H01Q15/08—Refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens, prism formed of solid dielectric material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/06—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens
    • H01Q19/09—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens wherein the primary active element is coated with or embedded in a dielectric or magnetic material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
    • H01Q19/108—Combination of a dipole with a plane reflecting surface
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
    • H01Q19/18—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces having two or more spaced reflecting surfaces
    • H01Q19/185—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces having two or more spaced reflecting surfaces wherein the surfaces are plane
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
    • H01Q21/062—Two dimensional planar arrays using dipole aerials
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/30—Combinations of separate antenna units operating in different wavebands and connected to a common feeder system
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/16—Resonant antennas with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole
    • H01Q9/28—Conical, cylindrical, cage, strip, gauze, or like elements having an extended radiating surface; Elements comprising two conical surfaces having collinear axes and adjacent apices and fed by two-conductor transmission lines
    • H01Q9/285—Planar dipole
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/22—Antenna units of the array energised non-uniformly in amplitude or phase, e.g. tapered array or binomial array

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a mobile radio antenna with a dipole radiator and with a dielectric body arranged on the dipole radiator.
  • the present invention also relates to a mobile radio antenna arrangement with a plurality of antennas, with a first subgroup of first antennas and a second subgroup of second antennas. It is preferably a cellular antenna for use at a cellular base station.
  • Pamphlet U.S. 2,624,003 shows an antenna in the form of a dielectric rod in which several dipoles are embedded.
  • Pamphlet U.S. 4,011,566 shows a connector between a coaxial line and a waveguide, in which a dipole is used, which is embedded in a dielectric.
  • dielectric resonator antennas are known in the mobile radio field, in which the dielectric body itself is used as a radiator, which is usually fed via a slot.
  • the object of the present invention is to improve the properties of mobile radio antennas and, in particular, their usability in mobile radio antenna arrangements with a high individual radiator density.
  • this object is achieved by a mobile radio antenna according to claim 1 and by a mobile radio antenna arrangement according to claim 7.
  • the present invention shows a cellular radio antenna, in particular a cellular radio antenna for a cellular radio base station, with at least one dipole radiator and with a dielectric body arranged on the dipole radiator.
  • the present invention is characterized in that the height H of the dielectric body in the main emission direction is at least 30% of the maximum thickness D of the dielectric body in a cross section perpendicular to the main emission direction.
  • the dielectric body acts as a waveguide for the mobile radio signals emitted by the dipole radiator and thereby shifts the radiation plane of the dipole radiator.
  • the shifting of the radiation plane means, in particular, changing and / or shifting the effective radiator aperture and / or shifting the phase center of the radiation in the main radiation direction. This enables a large number of new areas of application for the combination of dipole radiators and dielectric bodies, in particular in the area of mobile radio antenna arrangements with a plurality of antennas.
  • the height H of the dielectric body is preferably at least 50% of the maximum thickness D of the dielectric body, more preferably the height H of the dielectric body is at least 70% of the maximum thickness D of the dielectric body. This results in a correspondingly larger shift in the emission level.
  • the height H of the dielectric body can be more than 85% of the maximum thickness D of the dielectric body, or even more than 150%.
  • the height H of the dielectric body is at least not limited in principle. With regard to the intended application, however, H ⁇ 6 * D, more preferably H ⁇ 3 * D, applies.
  • antennas with a horizontal half-width between 55 ° and 100 °, in particular for antennas with a horizontal half-width of 65 ° + - 10 ° or 90 ° + - 10 ° where H ⁇ 3 * D.
  • antennas with a horizontal half-width between 23 ° and 43 ° where H ⁇ 6 * D and / or H> 2 * D. This takes into account the bundling effect of the dielectric body, which increases with height.
  • dielectric bodies with different heights for the individual antennas in beamforming and / or beamshaping applications in which several antennas can be flexibly interconnected and / or operated separately.
  • the height H of the dielectric body is measured in the main emission direction of the dipole radiator.
  • the thickness D becomes in the cross section of the dielectric body, i.e. H. measured in a plane perpendicular to the main radiation direction of the dipole radiator.
  • the dielectric body does not have to have a symmetrical configuration.
  • the height of the dielectric body is considered to be the longest extension of the dielectric body in the main radiation direction of the dipole radiator; H. in a plane perpendicular to this main radiation direction.
  • the maximum thickness D of the dielectric body is thus the greatest thickness in a cross section of the dielectric body, considered over all height levels.
  • the cellular radio antenna according to the invention can preferably be connected to a cellular radio base station via signal lines in order to receive and / or transmit cellular radio signals.
  • the mobile radio antenna according to the invention can preferably be used in a frequency band which is in the range between 100 MHz and 10 GHz, preferably between 500 MHz and 6 GHz.
  • the antenna can have a resonance frequency range which is between 100 MHz and 10 GHz, preferably between 500 MHz and 6 GHz. In principle are higher frequencies are also conceivable, especially if the dipole radiator is a printed circuit board dipole.
  • the dielectric body according to the invention can initially be made of any desired dielectric material.
  • the dielectric body can be made from a homogeneous dielectric material.
  • the dielectric body can be a solid plastic body.
  • the dielectric body can also consist of a first material with a higher relative permittivity and a second material with a lower relative permittivity.
  • the first material can be embedded as granules in the second material or vice versa.
  • the second material can be gaseous and embedded in the first material in the form of bubbles. In particular, air bubbles can be provided in the first material.
  • the dielectric body preferably has an effective relative permittivity ⁇ r of more than 2, more preferably of more than 2.5.
  • the effective relative permittivity ⁇ r can be, for example, between 2 and 4, more preferably between 2.5 and 3.5.
  • solid material with a relative permittivity in this area can be used, or material with a higher relative permittivity and embedded air holes.
  • material with a higher relative permittivity than granules can be embedded in a material with a lower relative permittivity.
  • the material of the dielectric body can have an approximately constant permittivity or have a gradient in permittivity.
  • the dielectric body preferably has an axis of symmetry pointing in the main emission direction. This results in a particularly uniform far-field diagram.
  • the symmetry is particularly preferably an axial symmetry and / or a rotational symmetry.
  • the dielectric body is rotationally symmetrical with respect to an axis of symmetry oriented in the main emission direction of the dipole radiator, ie. H. it has a round cross-section.
  • the maximum thickness D corresponds to the maximum diameter of a cross section of the dielectric body.
  • the dielectric body can be axially symmetrical with respect to an axis of symmetry oriented in the main emission direction of the dipole radiator, for example with a cross-sectional area in the form of a preferably regular polygon, for example a rectangle or square.
  • the maximum thickness D corresponds to the maximum diagonal of a cross section of the dielectric body.
  • the dielectric body preferably has a rod region.
  • the thickness of the dielectric body deviates from the maximum thickness D by a maximum of 30% and more preferably by a maximum of 15% in this rod region.
  • the thickness of the dielectric body in a height plane is understood to mean its greatest extent in this height plane.
  • the cross-sectional area of the dielectric body in the rod region deviates preferably by a maximum of 30% and more preferably by a maximum of 15% from the maximum cross-sectional area of the dielectric body.
  • the dielectric body preferably has, at least in the rod region, in each height plane a cross section which consists of a circle or a preferably regular polygon, for example a square, hexagon, octagon, etc.
  • a cross section which consists of a circle or a preferably regular polygon, for example a square, hexagon, octagon, etc.
  • any shape with a waveguide function and / or an aperture shift function is conceivable.
  • the dielectric body in the rod region has a thickness that is constant in the height direction and / or a cross section that is constant in the height direction.
  • the rod area in particular has a cylindrical shape, preferably a circular cylinder shape or a cuboid shape.
  • the height of the rod area is preferably between 50 and 100%, more preferably between 65 and 100% of the height H of the dielectric body.
  • the dielectric body can have a lens area.
  • the dielectric body preferably has a cross section that changes in the height direction.
  • the cross-sectional area of the dielectric body in the lens area preferably changes by at least 30% and more preferably by at least 50% with respect to the maximum cross-sectional area of the dielectric body.
  • the lens area has the shape of a cut-off cone or a cut-off counter-cone or a cut-off pyramid or a cut-off counter-pyramid.
  • the smallest diameter or the smallest diagonal of the cut cone or counter-cone or the cut pyramid or counter-pyramid is between 30 and 80% of the maximum diameter or the maximum diagonal of the cut-off cone or counter-cone or the cut-off pyramid or counter-pyramid, furthermore preferably between 40 and 70%.
  • the height of the lens area is preferably between 5% and 50%, preferably between 10% and 35% of the height H of the dielectric body.
  • the dielectric body preferably has both a rod area and a lens area.
  • the lens area is preferably arranged on the side of the rod area facing away from the dipole radiator.
  • the dielectric body can have only one rod area with a cross section that changes slightly in the height direction.
  • the dielectric body it is preferably arranged on the dipole radiator in the main emission direction. Furthermore, preferably, no dielectric body is provided in the area of the dipole radiator itself; H. the dipole radiator is not embedded in the dielectric body, but is arranged on the dielectric body in the main radiation direction.
  • the dielectric body can be placed directly on the dipole radiator and in particular be in contact with it, or it can be arranged separated from it by a narrow gap of preferably not more than 2 mm.
  • the dielectric body has an axis of symmetry, this preferably coincides with the axis of symmetry of the dipole radiator.
  • the axis of symmetry of a dipole radiator is understood to be an axis extending in the main emission direction, with respect to which the dipole segments forming the dipole radiator are arranged symmetrically.
  • the dipole radiator according to the invention is preferably a dual-polarized dipole radiator.
  • the inventors have recognized that a dielectric body can be used as a waveguide for both polarizations of such a radiator.
  • the two polarizations of the radiator are preferably orthogonal to one another and / or have separate ports for supplying mobile radio signals.
  • the two dipoles of the dual-polarized dipole radiator preferably have the same axis of symmetry, the two dipoles preferably being arranged crosswise with respect to the common axis of symmetry.
  • it can be a dipole square.
  • the dipole radiator preferably has a base area which extends in the main emission direction, and dipole segments which are arranged on the base area and which preferably extend perpendicular to the main emission direction.
  • the dipole radiator used according to the invention can comprise one or more additional radiators, which may also be based on other radiation principles.
  • one or more additional radiators can be integrated into the dipole radiator.
  • the dipole radiator can have one or more slots which act as slot radiators, so that the dipole radiator used according to the invention is, from an electrical point of view, a combination of dipole radiator and slot radiator.
  • the following relationship preferably applies: 0.75 * ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ - 1 ⁇ H and 0.75 * ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ r - 1 ⁇ D. ⁇ 2.5 * ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ r - 1 or ⁇ 1.25 * ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ r - 1 .
  • antennas with a horizontal half-width between 55 ° and 100 °, in particular for antennas with a horizontal half-width of 65 ° ⁇ 10 ° or 90 ° ⁇ 10 ° D. ⁇ 1.5 * ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ r - 1 , preferred D. ⁇ 1.25 * ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ r - 1 .
  • the following applies to antennas with a horizontal half-width between 23 ° and 43 ° or for antennas with a relative bandwidth of more than 40% D. ⁇ 2.5 * ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ r - 1 .
  • a resonance frequency range denotes a coherent frequency range of the radiator which has a return loss of better 6 dB or better 10 dB or better 15 dB.
  • the selected limit value for the return loss depends on the specific application of the antenna.
  • the center frequency is defined as the arithmetic mean of the top and bottom frequencies in the resonance frequency range.
  • the resonance frequency range and thus the center frequency are preferably determined according to the invention with respect to the impedance position in the Smith chart, assuming following elements for optimal impedance matching and / or impedance transformation.
  • the lowest resonance frequency range is preferably understood to mean the lowest resonance frequency range of the antenna used for transmitting and / or receiving.
  • the directivity of the dielectric body can be influenced, on the one hand, by using different body shapes and sizes.
  • a combination with a conductive and / or metallic element is also conceivable in order to influence the properties of the antenna.
  • a conductive and / or metallic element is preferably arranged in and / or on the dielectric body.
  • the bundling effect in particular can be influenced by such metallic elements.
  • the conductive and / or metallic element can be a coating of an inner or outer surface of the dielectric body.
  • it can be a conductive and / or metallic disk arranged in or on the dielectric body. Both variants can be combined with one another.
  • the conductive and / or metallic element surrounds an outer circumference of the dielectric body.
  • this can be a metallization of the outer circumference of the dielectric body.
  • the conductive and / or metallic element can extend in a plane perpendicular to the main emission direction.
  • a metallic disk can for example be arranged between a rod part and a lens part of the dielectric body.
  • the conductive and / or metallic element can in particular be used to improve the bundling effect in frequency ranges in which the bundling effect of the dielectric body is less strong.
  • the conductive and / or metallic element has a bundling effect which is maximum for a frequency f met.
  • the dielectric body preferably has a bundling effect which is maximum for a frequency f diel.
  • the frequencies f met and f diel differ .
  • the bundling effect of the conductive and / or metallic element and the bundling effect of the dielectric body are thereby maximal for different frequency ranges, so that the far field properties of the antenna according to the invention are improved by the combination of dielectric body and conductive and / or metallic element over a larger frequency range.
  • the frequency f met is preferably smaller than the frequency f diel .
  • the conductive and / or metallic element is thus optimized for lower frequencies, the dielectric body for higher frequencies.
  • the frequency f met can be smaller than the center frequency f res of the lowest resonance frequency range of the antenna, and the frequency f diel can be greater than this center frequency f res .
  • f diel and f met there can preferably be a certain distance between the two frequencies f diel and f met .
  • the following relationship preferably applies: f diel - f met / f diel > 0 ,1 * f diel , Further preferred f diel - f met / f diel > 0 , 2 * f diel .
  • the antenna according to the invention preferably has a reflector on which the dipole radiator is arranged.
  • the reflector preferably has a conductive reflector plane which is perpendicular to the main emission direction of the dipole radiator.
  • the reflector can have a subreflector.
  • This sub-reflector is preferably designed as a reflector frame.
  • the edge length of the reflector frame is greater than the maximum thickness D of the dielectric body.
  • the distance between the dipole radiator and the reflector can be between 0.05 ⁇ and 0.5 ⁇ , preferably between 0.1 ⁇ and 0.4 ⁇ .
  • ⁇ is the wavelength of the center frequency of the lowest resonance frequency range of the antenna.
  • the reflector can have a bundling effect which is maximum for a frequency f ref.
  • the dielectric body preferably has a bundling effect which is maximum for a frequency f diel , the two frequencies f ref and f diel not matching. As a result, the bundling effect is achieved over a larger frequency range, since the reflector and the dielectric body each bundle optimally for different frequency ranges.
  • the frequency f ref can be smaller than the frequency f diel , ie the reflector is designed for lower frequencies than the dielectric body.
  • the frequency f ref can be smaller than the center frequency f res of the lowest resonance frequency range of the antenna, and the frequency f diel can be greater than the center frequency f res .
  • f diel - f ref there can be a certain distance between the frequency components f diel and f ref .
  • the antennas according to the invention can in particular be used together with further antennas as part of an antenna arrangement.
  • the present invention comprises a cellular antenna arrangement with a plurality of antennas, in particular for a cellular base station, with a first subgroup made up of one or more first antennas and a second subgroup made up of one or more second antennas.
  • the first antennas each include a dipole radiator with a first dielectric body arranged on the dipole radiator, the height H 1 of the first dielectric body being at least 30% of the maximum thickness D of the first dielectric body.
  • the second antennas each comprise a radiator without a dielectric element or with another, second dielectric element.
  • a plurality of first antennas are preferably used in this case.
  • the inventors of the present invention have recognized that the use of dielectric bodies in mobile radio antenna arrangements with a plurality of antennas allows the far field values of the mobile radio antenna arrangement to be influenced.
  • the dielectric bodies are only used in a first subgroup of radiators, or because different dielectric bodies are used for different subgroups of radiators, the effective radiation level of the respective radiators in the subgroup can be changed.
  • a plurality of first antennas are preferably provided, the dipole radiators of the first antennas having identical resonance frequency ranges.
  • the first antennas can be used for operation in the same cellular radio frequency band.
  • the dipole radiators of the first antennas are identical.
  • the dipole radiators of the first antennas have the same radiation level and / or height H S1 above a common reflector. This enables simple interconnection of the dipole radiators of the first antennas and thus the first antennas.
  • the radiators of the second antennas having identical resonance frequency ranges.
  • the second antennas can be used for operation in the same cellular radio frequency band.
  • the radiators of the second antennas are identical.
  • the radiators of the second antennas can have the same radiation level and / or height H S2 above a common reflector. This enables the radiators of the second antennas and thus the second antennas to be interconnected in a simple manner.
  • the first dielectric bodies of the first antennas each have the same height H 1 . Furthermore, the first dielectric bodies are preferably designed to be identical to one another. The first dielectric bodies thus influence the radiation characteristics of the radiators of the first antennas in the same way.
  • the second dielectric bodies insofar as they are used, each have the same height H 2 . Furthermore, the second dielectric bodies are preferably identical to one another. Also because of this the second dielectric bodies influence the radiation of the radiators of the second antennas in the same way.
  • the first dielectric bodies preferably differ from the second dielectric bodies when such bodies are used, in particular with regard to their height.
  • the first and second dielectric bodies thus influence the radiation of the dipole radiators of the first antennas and the radiators of the second antennas in different ways.
  • An exemplary embodiment is particularly preferred in which only first dielectric bodies are used and the radiators of the second antennas have no dielectric element.
  • the dipole radiators of the first antennas are dual-polarized dipole radiators. As a result, the space within the cellular antenna arrangement is used optimally.
  • the radiators of the second antennas can be dual-polarized radiators.
  • the radiators of the second antennas can be dipole radiators.
  • the radiators of the second antennas can be dual-polarized dipole radiators.
  • the present invention is also used with other radiators of the second antennas.
  • the first subgroup of antennas of the antenna arrangement according to the invention can have separate ports for sending and / or receiving mobile radio signals.
  • the first subgroup of antennas can thus be used separately from the second subgroup of antennas for sending and / or receiving mobile radio signals.
  • the first subgroup and the second subgroup of antennas of the antenna arrangement according to the invention can also have common ports for sending and / or receiving mobile radio signals
  • the antennas of the first and / or the antennas of the second subgroup each form one or more group antennas and have common ports for sending and / or receiving mobile radio signals.
  • the first antennas of the first subgroup can be interconnected to form one or more group antennas.
  • the first antennas of the first subgroup can be connected to one or more common ports via one or more phase shifters.
  • the second antennas of the second subgroup can form one or more group antennas, and in particular can be connected to one or more common ports via one or more phase shifters.
  • the antennas of the first subgroup can each have separate ports for sending and / or receiving mobile radio signals.
  • the antennas of the second subgroup can each have separate ports for sending and / or receiving mobile radio signals. Beamforming or beamshaping applications are possible thanks to the separate ports of the individual antennas.
  • the individual antennas can preferably be interconnected to form different group antennas and / or each operated individually for separate channels.
  • dielectric bodies according to the invention has advantages in the case of many different antenna arrangements.
  • the dielectric bodies can be used to move the radiation planes of the respective subgroups of antennas away from one another move or move towards each other or to increase the radiation level of lower arranged radiators in order to improve their radiation characteristics.
  • the dielectric bodies move the radiation planes of the first antennas and the second antennas away from one another.
  • the first dielectric bodies can be used to move the radiation plane of the first antennas away from the radiation plane of the second antennas. This reduces the coupling of the first antennas and the second antennas in the mobile radio antenna arrangement according to the invention.
  • Such a shift of the radiation planes is used in particular when the dipole radiators of the first antennas and the radiators of the second antennas are arranged in a common plane and / or have the same height H S above a common reflector. In this case, the radiators of the first and second antennas would have the same radiation planes.
  • the first antennas have a different radiation level than the second antennas. In particular, the radiation level of the first antennas is raised above the radiation level of the second antennas.
  • the displacement V of the radiation plane through the first dielectric body and the height H S of the dipole radiators of the first antennas above a common reflector preferably have the following relationship: 0.5 H S > V.
  • the height H 1 of the first dielectric body Body and the height H S of the dipole radiators of the first antennas above a common reflector have the following relationship: 0.5 H S > H 1 .
  • the inventive shift of the radiation planes can be used in particular in a mobile radio antenna arrangement in which the dipole radiators of the first antennas and the radiators of the second antennas have the same resonance frequency ranges and / or are constructed identically.
  • the first and second antennas can be used for the same or different mobile radio bands. Even if the dipole radiators of the first antennas and the radiators of the second antennas have the same resonance frequency ranges and / or have the same structure, the resonance frequency ranges of the individual antennas formed by the radiators and the dielectric bodies can still differ, since the use of the dielectric bodies is also a factor Has an influence on the resonance frequency ranges of the antenna formed by radiators and dielectric bodies.
  • a shift according to the invention of the emission levels can be used both when the antennas of the first and second subgroups each form one or more group antennas, and when the antennas of the first and second subgroups each have separate ports for sending and receiving mobile radio signals exhibit.
  • the first and second antennas can be or will be connected together to form one or more group antennas.
  • the dielectric bodies move the radiation planes of the first antennas and the second antennas towards one another.
  • the first dielectric bodies can thus be used to move the radiation plane of the first antennas onto the radiation plane of the second antennas.
  • Such a movement towards one another of the radiation planes is used in particular when the dipole radiators of the first antennas and the radiators of the second antennas are arranged in different planes and / or have different heights H S1 and H S2 above a common reflector.
  • the dipole radiators of the first antennas and the radiators of the second antennas have, in principle, different radiation levels. This distance between the radiation levels of the radiators can be reduced by using the dielectric body.
  • the distance A still remaining between the radiation planes has the following relationship to the height H S1 of the first dipole radiators above a common reflector: A> 0.5 H S1 , preferably A> 0.2 H S1 .
  • the distance A can also be completely 0, ie the radiation levels are equalized to one another.
  • Such a movement towards one another of the radiation planes is preferably used when the dipole radiators of the first antennas and the radiators of the second antennas have the same resonance frequency ranges and / or are constructed in the same way.
  • Such a configuration is also preferably used when the dipole radiators of the first antennas and the radiators of the second antennas are connected together to form one or more group antennas. In this way, in particular, the radiation level of the individual radiators of a group antenna formed by dipole radiators of the first antennas and radiators of the second antennas can be matched to one another.
  • the dipole radiators of the first antennas are arranged in a first plane and the second antennas have metal structures which are arranged in a second plane above the first plane are. It is provided that the first dielectric bodies extend at least as far as the second level of the metal structures of the second antennas and / or raise the radiation level of the dipole radiators of the first antennas at least to the second level. The use of the dielectric body thus prevents the metal structures of the second antennas from impairing the radiation characteristics of the dipole radiators of the first antennas in a way that was frequently encountered in the prior art.
  • Such a configuration is used in particular when the height H S1 of the dipole radiators of the first antennas above a common reflector is less than the height H S2 of the radiators of the second antennas above the common reflector.
  • such a configuration can be used in particular if the center frequency of the lowest resonance frequency range of the dipole radiators of the first antennas is higher than the center frequency of the lowest resonance frequency range of the radiators of the second antennas, or if the first antennas are used for radiating in a higher frequency band , as the second antennas.
  • the radiators of the second antennas are usually larger than the dipole radiators of the first antennas and therefore protrude above the dipole radiators of the first antennas.
  • the radiators of the second antennas can be designed as dipole radiators and be arranged in a plane above the plane of the dipole radiators of the first antennas.
  • the radiators of the second antennas can have bases which are higher than the bases of the dipole radiators of the first antennas, so that the dipole segments of the radiators of the second antennas arranged on the bases are arranged above the dipole segments of the radiators of the first antennas.
  • the first dielectric bodies are designed in such a way that they protrude at least as far as the dipole segments of the dipole radiators of the second antennas and preferably beyond them.
  • the first and second antennas are preferably used for different frequency bands and / or have different resonance frequency ranges.
  • the second antennas can consist of several dipoles which are arranged in the form of a square and / or a cross and / or a T.
  • third radiator in the area of the radiators of the second antennas third radiator be arranged.
  • These third radiators preferably have the same resonance frequency range and / or are used for the same frequency band as the dipole radiators of the first antennas.
  • the dipole radiators of the first antennas and the radiators of the second antennas can have different resonance frequency ranges and / or can be used for different frequency bands.
  • the third radiators Due to the arrangement of the third radiators in the area of the radiators of the second antennas, these radiators cannot usually have the same plane as the dipole radiators of the first antennas.
  • the third radiators can be arranged on radiators of the second antennas, and thus be arranged on a different plane than the dipole radiators of the first antennas.
  • the dipole radiators of the first antennas are arranged between the radiators of the second antennas.
  • the first dielectric bodies have a double function. On the one hand, they improve the radiation possibilities of the first antennas, since the radiators of the second antennas hinder their radiation less by shifting the radiation plane of the dipole radiators of the first antennas. Furthermore, the radiation plane of the dipole radiators of the first antennas is approximated to the radiation plane of the third radiators by the first dielectric body.
  • the radiators of the second antennas can have radiator elements which extend parallel and / or perpendicular and / or obliquely to the direction of radiation.
  • the third radiators can be arranged within the radiator elements extending parallel and / or perpendicular and / or obliquely to the direction of emission.
  • the third radiators can be dual-polarized radiators.
  • the dipole radiators of the first antennas and the third radiators can be constructed in the same way.
  • the last-described embodiment of a mobile radio antenna arrangement can be used in particular when the dipole radiators of the first antennas and the third radiators are interconnected and / or can be interconnected to form a group antenna.
  • the dipole radiators of the first antennas and the third radiators can be combined into one or more group antennas via one or more phase shifters.
  • the mobile radio antenna arrangement preferably comprises at least one column or row of antennas, the first and second antennas being arranged alternately in the column or row and / or the second antennas being arranged between two columns or rows of first antennas.
  • the group antenna can have several columns and rows, the first and the second antennas being arranged alternately in the several columns and rows and / or the second antennas being arranged between several columns and rows of first antennas.
  • the mobile radio antenna arrangement can furthermore have a housing, within which the first and second antennas are arranged. Furthermore, the cellular radio antenna arrangement preferably has ports via which the cellular radio antenna arrangement can be connected to a cellular radio base station. Phase shifters can also be provided in the housing, via which antennas of the mobile radio antenna arrangement are interconnected to form group antennas.
  • mobile radio antennas are preferably used as first antennas, as described in more detail according to the first aspect of the present invention.
  • This relates in particular to the design and / or dimensioning of the first dielectric bodies of the first antennas, which is preferably carried out as shown above with regard to the first aspect.
  • the second antennas can in principle also be constructed according to the first aspect of the present invention.
  • the second antennas preferably do not have any dielectric bodies and are accordingly not designed in accordance with the first aspect of the present invention.
  • Figures 1 to 3 show a first embodiment of a cellular antenna according to the invention.
  • This is preferably a cellular radio antenna which can be connected to a cellular radio base station via signal lines in order to receive and / or transmit cellular radio signals.
  • the exemplary embodiment of the mobile radio antenna consists of a dipole radiator 1 on which a dielectric body 2 is arranged.
  • the dipole radiator 1 has a base 3 which carries dipole segments 4.
  • the dipole segments 4 extend in a plane perpendicular to the main radiation direction of the mobile radio antenna.
  • the base 3, on the other hand, extends in the main emission direction.
  • the dipole radiator 1 is arranged on a reflector 10, which is designed in the form of a plate and extends in a plane perpendicular to the main radiation direction and thus parallel to the plane of the dipole segments 4.
  • the dipole segments 4 are held at a height H S above the reflector 10 by the base 3.
  • the dipole radiator 1 is a dual-polarized dipole radiator.
  • the first polarization is formed by a first dipole formed by two opposing dipole segments 4, the second polarization by two further, likewise opposing dipole segments 4.
  • the two polarizations are orthogonally and crosswise on one another.
  • the dipole radiator is designed as a dipole square, in which the four dipole segments are arranged around a common axis and occupy four sectors of a square.
  • the two polarizations of the dipole radiator are used separately from one another for sending and / or receiving mobile radio signals, and have separate ports 12 and 13 for this purpose.
  • a dielectric body 2 is arranged on the dipole radiator 1.
  • the dielectric body 2 has an underside with which it is arranged on the plane formed by the dipole segments 4 of the dipole radiator 1.
  • the underside of the dielectric body can include mechanical attachment areas for attachment to the dipole. These can protrude into the area of the dipole, e.g. as noses and / or grooves.
  • the underside of the dielectric body is preferably flat at least up to the mechanical fastening areas and / or extends parallel to the plane of the dipole segments 4 or a plane which is perpendicular to the main radiation direction of the antenna.
  • the underside of the dielectric body is preferably placed directly on the dipole segments 4, or is only separated therefrom by a narrow air gap of preferably a maximum of 2 and both preferably a maximum of 1 mm.
  • the in Figure 1 The dielectric body shown consists of a rod area 8 and a lens area 9.
  • the dielectric body has a constant cross section in the main emission direction, the cross section in a plane perpendicular to the main emission direction.
  • the lens area 9 which is arranged in the emission direction on the side of the rod area 8 facing away from the dipole radiator, the dielectric body, on the other hand, has a cross section that changes in the main emission direction.
  • the dielectric body has rotational symmetry.
  • the axis of symmetry of the dielectric body runs parallel to the main emission direction of the dipole radiator 1 and corresponds to the axis of symmetry of the dipole radiator 1.
  • the dielectric body is designed as a solid circular cylinder.
  • the lens area 9 is designed as a counter-cone in the exemplary embodiment.
  • the lens area can also be completely dispensed with, so that the entire dielectric body is designed as a dielectric rod.
  • the dielectric body according to the present invention is used to shift the radiation plane 6 of the dipole radiator in the main radiation direction, so that the radiation plane 7 of the antenna formed from dipole radiator 1 and dielectric body 2 is arranged above the radiation plane 6 of the dipole radiator 1 itself.
  • This shift of the emission level enables, as will be shown in more detail below, a large number of applications, in particular when the mobile radio antenna according to the invention is combined with further antennas in an antenna arrangement.
  • the antenna furthermore has a subreflector frame 11 which is arranged on the plate-shaped main reflector 10 and surrounds the antenna.
  • the subreflector frame improves the directivity.
  • the shift of the emission level according to the invention is achieved by the in Figure 3 shown E-field diagrams.
  • the dielectric body placed on the antenna shifts the area of the strongest E-field distribution and thus into the radiation plane from the plane of the dipole segments of the dipole radiator 1 in the radiation direction, at least by the height of the rod area 8 of the dielectric body 2.
  • the dimensions of the dielectric body are shown again schematically.
  • the maximum thickness D of the dielectric body 2 ie its maximum extent in a plane perpendicular to the main emission direction
  • the height H of the dielectric body ie a maximum extent in the emission direction
  • dielectric bodies are used in which the height H is at least 30% of the maximum thickness D.
  • the height H is preferably at least 50% of the maximum thickness D, further preferably at least 70% of the maximum thickness D. According to the invention, a corresponding shift of the radiation plane is achieved as a result.
  • the height of the rod area 8, i.e. the maximum extent of the rod area in the main emission direction, is at least 20% of the maximum thickness D, preferably at least 30% of the maximum thickness D, further preferably at least 40% of the maximum thickness D.
  • the height H of the dielectric body or of the rod region of the dielectric body is not limited, at least in principle.
  • Figure 5 shows four different exemplary embodiments which differ with regard to the height H of the dielectric body.
  • the dielectric body has a diameter D of 50 mm.
  • the height H is 50 mm, 75 mm, 100 mm and 200 mm, respectively.
  • a dielectric body was used which consists exclusively of a rod area and has no lens area.
  • Figure 6 shows in the upper diagram the S-parameter in copolarization as a function of the frequency in a frequency range between 1.7 GHz and 2.7 GHz. It becomes clear that the course of the S-parameter depends on the height H. Furthermore, the height H also has an influence on the position of the resonance frequency range, with higher heights tending to widen the resonance frequency range.
  • the increasing number of local minima / maxima is due to constructive and / or destructive superposition of electromagnetic fields. It can be assumed that the local minima and maxima are due to different emission points along the axis of the dielectric body come, ie part of the energy is radiated along the body (radiating modes) and part of the energy is passed on (bound modes).
  • Figure 7 shows the electric field in V / m for the frequency 2.6 GHz and for a dielectric body with the height H of 50 mm and 200 mm. At both body heights, the electric field penetrates the dielectric body completely. Furthermore, the electric field repeats itself periodically in the body with a height H of 200 mm along the Z-axis, ie in the main radiation direction. This illustrates the waveguide function and the shift of the phase center of the radiation along the z-axis and thus in the main radiation direction.
  • Fig. 7 shows the electric field for the antenna port 1 and thus the polarization 1, as well as for the antenna port 2 and thus in the polarization 2. Both fields are orthogonal to each other, whereby a high isolation or decoupling between the two antenna ports is achieved.
  • Figure 7 shows on the one hand that the height H of the dielectric body must not fall below a certain minimum height if the dielectric body is to work as a waveguide.
  • the formulas for the diameter d max, conductor of the rod area and thus the maximum thickness of the dielectric body as well as the diameter d min, tip at the thinnest point of the lens area are shown on the left. This dependency is shown graphically again in a diagram on the right.
  • the maximum thickness of the dielectric body can therefore not be chosen arbitrarily, but must be chosen as a function of the wavelength and the relative permittivity.
  • the maximum thickness D of the dielectric body is selected in the following range: 0.5 * ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ r - 1 ⁇ D. ⁇ 1.5 * ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ r - 1 , preferred 0.75 * ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ r - 1 ⁇ D. ⁇ 1.25 * ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ r - 1 .
  • the reflector each has a length and a width of 144 mm
  • the sub-reflector has a length and width of 97 mm and a height of 21 mm.
  • the dipole radiator used is an identical radiator in all versions, with a resonance frequency range between 1.7 and 2.7 GHz.
  • the dielectric body has a diameter and thus a maximum thickness D in the sense of the present invention of 90 mm and a height H of 80 mm, in example 002 a diameter and thus a maximum thickness D in the sense of the present invention of 50 mm and a height H of 50 mm.
  • the relative permittivity of the material used is 2.8 in each case.
  • the use of the dielectric body with the smaller diameter D also results in the resonance frequency range being changed. While the entire frequency range between 1.8 and 2.7 can be used for the larger dielectric body, the smaller dielectric body in example 002 restricts the usable range to frequencies between 2.1 and 2.7. For lower frequencies, the smaller dielectric body therefore apparently no longer works as a waveguide due to its small diameter. However, no diagram is included for this.
  • the dielectric body preferably has an effective relative permittivity of more than 2, further preferably of more than 2.5.
  • the dielectric body can be manufactured from a solid material with a corresponding relative permittivity.
  • the body could also be made of a material with a higher relative permittivity of e.g. 6, and have air holes which again reduce the effective relative permittivity of the dielectric body.
  • a material with a low relative permittivity could also be used, into which a granulate with a high relative permittivity is injected.
  • a matrix material with a relative permittivity of 1 and a granulate with a relative permittivity of 30 could be introduced.
  • the effective relative permittivity is constant over the extension of the dielectric body.
  • the bundling effect of the dielectric body depends, as shown above, on the maximum thickness D or the diameter of the dielectric body.
  • the distance H S between the dipole and the reflector can now be optimally designed for low frequencies, while the maximum thickness D or the diameter of the dielectric cone is optimally designed for high frequencies.
  • the radiation properties of the antenna can also be influenced by the use of metallic and / or conductive objects in the area of the dielectric body.
  • one or more metal disks or plates 14 can be attached in the dielectric body or on the dielectric body.
  • a metal disk which is perpendicular to the main emission direction, can be integrated into the dielectric body or attached to its underside.
  • the surface metallization 15 is preferably arranged exclusively on the outer circumference of the dielectric body.
  • the directional effect of the antenna can also be influenced by such metallic and / or conductive elements.
  • the electrical and conductive elements are preferably designed in such a way that their bundling effect is optimal for a different frequency range than the bundling effect of the distance H S between dipole and reflector and / or the bundling effect of the dielectric body.
  • Embodiment 000 is a comparative example without a dielectric body.
  • Exemplary embodiment 001 has a lens area designed as a counter-cone
  • exemplary embodiment 002 has a lens region designed as a cone
  • exemplary embodiment 003 is designed without a lens area.
  • Figure 14a shows the far field diagram of the antenna for the useful polarization
  • Figure 14b for cross polarization.
  • the use of the dielectric body can increase the directivity and the gain in the emission direction.
  • the different lens shapes for examples 001 and 002 have almost no influence on the diagrams.
  • the slightly different configuration of the diagram for example 003 can probably be explained by the greater effective height H of the dielectric body and the amplification of the secondary maxima at greater heights, which has already been discussed above.
  • the change in the radiation level according to the invention can be used to change the far-field characteristic, in particular in the case of group antenna arrangements with a high individual radiator density.
  • the dielectric bodies according to the invention are only used in some of the antennas, so that their radiation plane is shifted to a height which is in a preferred relation to the radiation plane of the remaining radiators.
  • Figure 15 shows a first embodiment of a mobile radio antenna arrangement according to the invention with a first group of first antennas 21, which are designed as antennas according to the invention and consist of a dipole radiator with a dielectric body 23 and a second subgroup of second antennas 22 which have no dielectric bodies.
  • the dipole radiators are the first antennas 21 and the second antennas 22 executed identically.
  • the dipole radiators of the first antennas and the second antennas are arranged on a common reflector 10 and would therefore have the same emission plane without the dielectric bodies 23. Shifting the aperture or radiation plane of the individual radiators therefore reduces the mutual coupling of the individual antennas. As a result, the near-field coupling and, as a result, the far-field values such as the opening angle and the directivity of the antenna can be improved.
  • the antenna arrangement has several rows 24, 24 ', 24 "and several columns 25, 25', 25".
  • the first antennas 21 with a dielectric body 23 and the second antennas 22 without such a dielectric body alternate both in the rows and in the columns.
  • Figure 16 shows, as comparative example V000, an antenna arrangement in which all antennas are designed without dielectric bodies and, as comparative example V001, shows an embodiment in which all antennas have a dielectric body.
  • This in Figure 15 The illustrated embodiment of the antenna arrangement according to the invention is shown as an example V002.
  • the dielectricity and the gain of the individual examples are shown as a function of the frequency.
  • the width of the far-field diagram is shown at 10dB and 3dB.
  • the exemplary embodiment according to the invention has both the best directivity at least in the area of the main lobe and the best gain in the area of the main lobe.
  • the in Figure 15 The embodiment shown can be configured together as a group antenna, the first and the second antennas.
  • a row or a column of antennas can be connected via a phase shifter to a common port or, since the antennas are dual-polarized, to two common ports.
  • phase compensation is preferably carried out between the first and second antennas of such a group antenna in order to compensate for the effects of the dielectric body on the phase position within the group antenna.
  • the first antennas can also form one or more group antennas among themselves, while the second antennas each form one or more separate group antennas among themselves.
  • the first antennas within a column or row are preferably connected to one or more common ports via a phase shifter, and the second antennas within a column or row are preferably connected to one or more ports via one or more phase shifters.
  • the individual antennas can also each have separate ports in order to be able to be flexibly interconnected for example for beamforming or beamshaping applications or to be able to be operated separately.
  • the antenna arrangement is preferably an active antenna arrangement in which a separate amplifier is assigned to each of the individual antennas.
  • the antenna arrangement according to the invention can, however, also be a passive antenna without an amplifier.
  • the illustrated embodiment of a mobile radio antenna arrangement according to the invention are used as radiators with dual-polarized dipole radiators.
  • these radiators are designed as already described above with regard to the in Figure 1 Shown embodiment is shown in more detail.
  • the first and second antennas differ in the exemplary embodiment solely through the use of a dielectric body according to the present invention in the first antennas, while the dipole radiators are made identical.
  • the dielectric bodies are preferably designed as has already been described above.
  • first antennas 31 and second antennas 32 Up in Figure 18 an antenna according to the prior art is shown first.
  • the first antennas are used for transmitting and / or receiving in a higher frequency band, the second antennas 32 for transmitting and / or receiving in a lower frequency band.
  • the first antennas and second antennas are each dipole radiators. Since the dipole radiators of the second antennas are designed for lower frequencies, they are at a greater distance from the common reflector 10 than the dipole radiators of the first antennas.
  • the radiation plane 6 of the first antennas 31 is thus below the plane 34 of the dipole segments of the second antennas. In the prior art, this leads to the radiation performance of the first antennas being considerably impaired.
  • dielectric bodies 33 are arranged on the first antennas 31, which raise the radiation plane of the first antennas 31 from the radiation plane 6 of their dipole radiators above the plane 34 of the dipole segments of the second antennas 32.
  • the displacement V and, equivalently, the height H of the dielectric bodies 33 is greater than the distance K between the radiation plane 6 of the dipole radiators of the first antennas 31 and the radiation plane 34 of the dipole radiators of the second antennas.
  • the in Figure 18 The embodiment shown is in turn dual-polarized dipole radiators with the dipole radiators of the first antennas. In particular, these are designed as already described above with regard to the in Figure 1 Shown embodiment was shown.
  • the dipoles of the second antennas 32 are designed as VH poles, i.e. dipoles 32 and 32 'that are spaced apart from one another and each have polarizations that are orthogonal to one another are used. These are connected to an X-pole via a 180 ° hybrid coupler.
  • the second antennas can be used, for example, as a low-band antenna for the mobile radio frequency band between 698 and 960 MHz, the first antenna as a high-band antenna for the frequency range between 1710 and 2690 MHz.
  • the first antennas are arranged in four columns of two antennas each, the second antennas being arranged between the rows thus formed.
  • the dipoles of the second antennas 32 can also be arranged in a square, a first antenna 31 in each case being located within such a square. Furthermore, further first antennas 31 can be arranged between such squares composed of second antennas 32. As an alternative or in addition, the second antennas 32 can also be arranged in the form of a cross.
  • FIG Figures 20 and 21 A third embodiment of an antenna arrangement according to the invention is shown in FIG Figures 20 and 21 shown. Up in Figure 20 an antenna according to the prior art is shown again, while the embodiment of the present invention equipped with dielectric bodies is shown below.
  • the antenna arrangement according to the invention has first antennas 41, second antennas 42 and third antennas 43.
  • the first antennas 41 and the third antennas 43 are used for transmission in the same frequency band, whereas the second antennas 42 are used for transmission in a lower frequency band.
  • the third antennas 43 are arranged in the area of the second antennas 42 and offset upwards in the radiation direction with respect to the first antennas 41.
  • the second antennas 42 also have metal elements which extend into a plane above the radiation plane 45 of the dipole radiators of the first antennas 41.
  • the second antennas are antennas with side walls 47 and 48 which run obliquely to the main radiation direction and between which slots 49 are formed which act as slot radiators.
  • the inclined side walls 47 and 48 together form a type of funnel.
  • the dipole radiators of the first antennas 41 are arranged between these funnel-shaped antennas.
  • the second antennas could also consist of dipole radiators which are arranged in a square.
  • the radiation of the first antennas is therefore considerably impaired by the metallic elements of the second antennas 42 arranged above in the radiation direction. Furthermore, the dipole radiators of the first antennas 41 and the dipole radiators of the third antennas 43 have different radiation planes 45 and 46.
  • dielectric bodies 44 on the dipole radiators of the first antennas 41 The height H of the dielectric body corresponds to the distance between the radiation plane 46 of the dipole radiators of the third antennas and the radiation plane 45 of the dipole radiators of the first antennas.
  • the dipole radiators of the first and third antennas can be dual-polarized dipole radiators.
  • the dipoles of the two polarizations are arranged crossed with respect to one another.
  • the dipole radiators can be designed as is the case with regard to the exemplary embodiment in FIG Figure 1 has been described in more detail.
  • the dipole radiators of the first and third antennas can have the same design and / or have the same resonance frequency ranges. They usually only have slight differences in the base area with regard to their fastening.
  • the first and third antennas are preferably used for transmitting and / or receiving in the same frequency band.
  • the first and third antennas can be interconnected to form one or more group antennas and, in particular, can be connected to one or more common ports via one or more phase shifters.
  • the second antennas are preferably used for transmitting and / or receiving in a lower frequency band than the first and / or the third antennas.
  • the second antennas are preferably interconnected to form one or more group antennas and can in particular be connected to one or more ports via one or more phase shifters.
  • the second antennas 42 and the first antennas 41 are arranged on a common reflector 10.
  • the third antennas are arranged within the second antennas and preferably have their own subreflector, which also is arranged within the second antennas 42.
  • the first antennas can furthermore have frame-shaped subreflectors11.
  • antennas used in the mobile radio antenna arrangements according to the invention are preferably those as the first antennas that have already been described in more detail above with regard to the antennas according to the invention. This applies in particular to the dimensioning and / or the design of the dielectric bodies.

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Claims (14)

  1. Antenne radio mobile destinée notamment à une station de base radio mobile, avec au moins un dispositif rayonnant dipolaire (1) et avec un corps diélectrique (2) disposé sur le dispositif rayonnant dipolaire,
    dans laquelle la hauteur H du corps diélectrique (2) dans la direction du rayonnement émetteur principal correspond à au moins 30 % de l'épaisseur maximale D du corps diélectrique dans une section transversale perpendiculaire à la direction du rayonnement émetteur principal,
    caractérisé en ce que,
    pour l'épaisseur maximale D et la hauteur H du corps diélectrique (2), il existe la relation suivante entre la longueur d'onde λ de la fréquence médiane du domaine de fréquences de résonance le plus bas de l'antenne et la permittivité relative efficace εr du corps diélectrique : 0,5 ∗ λ π ε r − 1 ≤ H
    Figure imgb0021
     et 0,5 ∗ λ π ε r − 1 ≤ D ≤ 2,5 ∗ λ π ε r − 1 .
    Figure imgb0022
  2. Antenne radio mobile selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle la hauteur H du corps diélectrique (2) correspond à au moins 50 % de l'épaisseur maximale D du corps diélectrique (2), de préférence à au moins 70 % de l'épaisseur maximale D du corps diélectrique (2), et/ou dans laquelle le corps diélectrique (2) présente une permittivité relative efficace εr > 2 et de préférence, une permittivité relative efficace εr > 2,5.
  3. Antenne radio mobile selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle, dans le cas du dispositif rayonnant dipolaire (1), il s'agit d'un dispositif rayonnant dipolaire à double polarisation,
    et/ou dans laquelle le corps diélectrique (2) présente un axe de symétrie orienté dans la direction du rayonnement d'émission principal, où, de préférence, il s'agit d'une symétrie axiale et/ou d'une symétrie de rotation,
    et/ou dans laquelle le corps diélectrique présente une région de tige (8) et/ou une région de lentille (9), où la hauteur de la région de tige (8) se situe de préférence entre 50 % et 100 %, plus préférentiellement, entre 65 % et 100 %, de la hauteur H du corps diélectrique (2), et/ou dans laquelle la région de lentille (9) est disposée de préférence sur le côté de la région de tige (8) opposée au dispositif rayonnant dipolaire (1), et/ou dans laquelle la hauteur H de la région de lentille (9) se situe entre 5 % et 50 %, de préférence entre 10 % et 35 %, de la hauteur H du corps diélectrique (2).
  4. Antenne radio mobile selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle, pour l'épaisseur maximale D et la hauteur H du corps diélectrique (2), il existe la relation suivante vis-à-vis de la longueur d'onde λ de la fréquence médiane du domaine de fréquences de résonance le plus bas de l'antenne et la permittivité relative efficace εr du corps diélectrique : 0,75 ∗ λ π ε r − 1 ≤ H
    Figure imgb0023
     et 0,75 ∗ λ π ε r − 1 ≤ D ≤ 2,5 ∗ λ π ε r − 1 ou ≤ 1,25 ∗ λ π ε r − 1 .
    Figure imgb0024
  5. Antenne radio mobile selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle un élément (15, 14) conducteur et/ou métallique est disposé dans/et ou sur le corps diélectrique (2),
    dans laquelle, dans le cas de l'élément conducteur et/ou métallique, il s'agit de préférence d'un revêtement (15) d'une surface intérieure ou extérieure du corps diélectrique (2), et/ou d'un disque (14) conducteur et/ou métallique disposé dans ou sur le corps diélectrique (2), et/ou dans laquelle l'élément (15, 14) conducteur et/ou métallique entoure un pourtour extérieur du corps diélectrique (2) ou s'étend dans un plan perpendiculairement par rapport à la direction de rayonnement principale, dans laquelle, de préférence, l'élément (15, 14) conducteur et/ou métallique présente un effet de regroupement, lequel est maximal pour une fréquence fmet et dans laquelle le corps diélectrique (2) présente un effet de regroupement, lequel est maximal pour une fréquence fdiel, où fmet ≠ fdiel,
    dans laquelle, plus préférentiellement, fmet < fdiel,
    et/ou dans laquelle, de préférence, il existe la relation suivante par rapport à la fréquence médiane fres du domaine de fréquences de résonance le plus bas de l'antenne : fmet < fres < fdiel,
    et/ou dans laquelle plus préférentiellement : |fdiel - fmet / fdiel > 0,1*fdiel, de préférence |fdiel - fmet| / fdiel > 0,2*fdiel.
  6. Antenne radio mobile selon l'une des revendications précédentes, avec un réflecteur (10) sur lequel est disposé le dispositif rayonnant dipolaire (1),
    où l'antenne présente un sous-réflecteur (11), lequel est de préférence conçu sous forme d'un châssis réflecteur, où la longueur de l'arête du châssis réflecteur est de préférence égale ou supérieure à l'épaisseur maximale D du corps diélectrique (2),
    et/ou dans laquelle la distance entre le réflecteur (10) et le dispositif rayonnant dipolaire (1) se situe entre 0,05 λ et 0,5 λ, de préférence, entre 0,1 λ et 0,4 λ, où il s'agit de pour λ dans le cas de la longueur d'onde de la fréquence médiane du domaine de fréquences de résonnance le plus bas de l'antenne,
    et/ou dans laquelle le réflecteur (10) présente un effet de regroupement, lequel est maximal pour une fréquence fref et dans laquelle le corps diélectrique (2) présente un effet de regroupement, lequel est maximal pour une fréquence fdiel, où fref ≠ fdiel, dans laquelle, de préférence fref < fdiel,
    et/ou, dans laquelle, de préférence, il existe la relation suivante par rapport à la fréquence médiane fres de la bande de fréquence de résonance la plus basse de l'antenne : fref < fres < fdiel, et/ou dans laquelle, de préférence : |fdiel - fref| / fdiel> 0,1*fdiel, de préférence : |fdiel - fref| / fdiel> 0,2*fdiel.
  7. Ensemble d'antennes radio mobiles avec une multiplicité d'antennes, destinées notamment à une station de base radio mobile, avec un premier sous-groupe à base d'une ou de plusieurs premières antennes (21, 31, 41) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6 et un deuxième sous-groupe à base d'une ou de plusieurs deuxièmes antennes (22, 32, 42),
    dans lequel les deuxièmes antennes (22, 32, 42) comprennent respectivement un dispositif rayonnant sans élément diélectrique ou un dispositif doté d'un autre deuxième élément diélectrique.
  8. Ensemble d'antennes radio mobiles selon la revendication 7, dans lequel, dans le cas des dispositifs rayonnants dipolaires des premières antennes (21), il s'agit de dispositifs rayonnants dipolaires à double polarisation, et/ou dans lequel, dans le cas des dispositifs rayonnants (22) des deuxièmes antennes, il s'agit de dispositifs rayonnants à double polarisation et/ou de dispositifs rayonnants dipolaires.
  9. Ensemble d'antennes radio mobiles selon la revendication 7 ou la revendication 8, dans lequel les dispositifs rayonnants dipolaires des premières antennes (21) présentent des domaines de fréquences de résonance identiques et sont de préférence identiques, et/ou présentent le même plan de rayonnement d'émission, et/ou la même hauteur HS1 sur un réflecteur (10) commun, et/ou dans lequel les dispositifs rayonnants des deuxièmes antennes (22) présentent des domaines de fréquences de résonance identiques et sont de préférence identiques, et/ou présentent le même plan de rayonnement d'émission et/ou la même hauteur HS2 sur un réflecteur (10) commun, et/ou dans lequel les premiers corps diélectriques (23) présentent la même hauteur H1 et sont de préférence identiques et/ou dans lequel les deuxième corps diélectriques présentent la même hauteur H2 et sont de préférence identiques.
  10. Ensemble d'antennes radio mobiles selon l'une des revendications 7 à 9, dans lequel les corps diélectriques (23) éloignent les plans de rayonnement d'émission des premières antennes (21) et des deuxièmes antennes (22) les uns des autres, dans lequel, de préférence, les dispositifs rayonnants dipolaires des premières antennes (21) et les dispositifs rayonnants des deuxièmes antennes (22) sont disposés dans un plan commun et/ou présentent la même hauteur HS sur un réflecteur (10) commun, dans lequel, de préférence, le décalage V des plans de rayonnement d'émission et la hauteur HS des dispositifs rayonnants dipolaires des premières antennes présentent la relation suivante sur un réflecteur (10) commun : 0,5 HS < V, et/ou, de préférence, les dispositifs rayonnants des premières antennes (22) et les dispositifs rayonnants des deuxièmes antennes présentent les mêmes domaines de fréquences de résonance et/ou sont de même construction.
  11. Ensemble d'antennes radio mobiles selon l'une des revendications 7 à 9, dans lequel les corps diélectriques (43) rapprochent les plans de rayonnement d'émission des premières antennes (41) et des deuxièmes antennes (42) les uns des autres, dans lequel, de préférence, les dispositifs rayonnants dipolaires des premières antennes (41) et les dispositifs rayonnants des deuxièmes antennes (42) sont disposés dans des plans différents et/ou présentent des hauteurs HS1 et HS2 différentes sur un réflecteur (10) commun, dans lequel, de préférence, la distance A restante entre les plans de rayonnement d'émission par rapport à la hauteur HS1 des dispositifs rayonnants dipolaires des premières antennes présentent la relation suivante sur un réflecteur commun : A < 0,5 HS1, de préférence, A < 0,2 HS1, et/ou, de préférence, les dispositifs rayonnants dipolaires des premières antennes (41) et les dispositifs rayonnants des deuxièmes antennes (42) présentent les mêmes domaines de fréquences de résonance et/ou sont de même construction.
  12. Ensemble d'antennes radio mobiles selon l'une des revendications 7 à 11, dans lequel les dispositifs rayonnants dipolaires des premières antennes (31) sont disposés dans un premier plan (6) et les deuxièmes antennes (32) présentent des structures métalliques, lesquelles sont disposées dans un deuxième plan (34) au-dessus du premier plan (6), où les premiers corps diélectriques (33) atteignent au moins le deuxième plan (36) des structures métalliques des deuxièmes antennes (32) et/ou le plan de rayonnement d'émission des dispositifs rayonnants dipolaires des premières antennes (31) s'élèvent au moins jusqu'au deuxième plan (36), et/ou dans lequel la hauteur HS1 des dispositifs rayonnants dipolaires des premières antennes (31) sur un réflecteur commun (10) est inférieure à la hauteur HS2 des dispositifs rayonnants des deuxièmes antennes (32) sur un réflecteur commun, et/ou dans lequel une fréquence médiane du domaine de fréquences de résonance le plus bas des dispositifs rayonnants dipolaires des premières antennes (31) est supérieure à la fréquence médiane du domaine de fréquences de résonance le plus bas des dispositifs rayonnants des deuxièmes antennes (32).
  13. Ensemble d'antennes radio mobiles selon la revendication 12, dans lequel les dispositifs rayonnants des deuxièmes antennes (32, 43) sont des dispositifs rayonnants dipolaires et sont disposés dans un plan (34) au-dessus du plan (6) des dispositifs rayonnants dipolaires des premières antennes (31, 41), dans lequel, les dispositifs rayonnants dipolaires des premières antennes et les dispositifs rayonnants des deuxièmes antennes présentent de préférence des domaines de fréquences de résonance différents et/ou sont employés pour des bandes de fréquence différentes, et/ou dans lequel les deuxièmes antennes présentent de préférence plusieurs dipôles, lesquels sont disposés dans un carré et/ou une croix et/ou un T,
    ou
    dans lequel des troisièmes dispositifs rayonnants (43) sont disposés dans la zone des dispositifs rayonnants des deuxièmes antennes (42), lesquels présentent de préférence le même domaine de fréquences de résonance, et/ou sont employés pour la même bande de fréquences que les dispositifs rayonnants dipolaires des premières antennes (41), et/ou dans lequel les dispositifs de rayonnement dipolaires des premières antennes (41) et les dispositifs rayonnants des deuxièmes antennes (42) présentent de préférence des domaines de fréquences de résonance différents et/ou sont employés pour des bandes de fréquence différentes, dans lequel les dispositifs rayonnants des deuxièmes antennes (42) présentent de préférence des éléments de dispositif rayonnant (46, 47), lesquels s'étendent parallèlement et/ou perpendiculairement, et/ou de manière inclinée, par rapport à la direction de rayonnement d'émission, dans lequel les troisièmes dispositifs rayonnants (43) sont disposés de préférence à l'intérieur des éléments de dispositifs rayonnants s'étendant parallèlement et/ou perpendiculairement et/ou de manière inclinée par rapport à la direction de rayonnement d'émission, dans lequel, dans le cas des troisièmes dispositifs rayonnants, il s'agit de préférence de dispositifs rayonnants dipolaires à double polarisation.
  14. Ensemble d'antennes radio mobiles selon l'une des revendications 7 à 13, au moins une fente ou une rangée d'antennes, dans lequel les premières et deuxièmes antennes sont disposées alternativement dans la fente ou rangée, et/ou dans lequel les deuxièmes antennes sont disposées entre deux fentes ou rangées à base de premières antennes, dans lequel l'antenne de groupe présente de préférence plusieurs fentes et rangées, dans lequel les premières et les deuxièmes antennes sont disposées respectivement alternativement dans les nombreuses fentes et rangées et/ou dans lequel les deuxièmes antennes sont disposées entre plusieurs fentes et rangées à base de premières antennes.
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