EP2151291B1 - Stranggussverfahren für stahl und stahlschmelzenfluiditätssteuerung in der form - Google Patents

Stranggussverfahren für stahl und stahlschmelzenfluiditätssteuerung in der form Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2151291B1
EP2151291B1 EP08740580.9A EP08740580A EP2151291B1 EP 2151291 B1 EP2151291 B1 EP 2151291B1 EP 08740580 A EP08740580 A EP 08740580A EP 2151291 B1 EP2151291 B1 EP 2151291B1
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Prior art keywords
coil
mold
phase
electromagnetic
teeth
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EP08740580.9A
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French (fr)
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EP2151291A4 (de
EP2151291A1 (de
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Nobuhiro Okada
Kouji Takatani
Masayuki Kawamoto
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Nippon Steel Corp
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Nippon Steel and Sumitomo Metal Corp
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/10—Supplying or treating molten metal
    • B22D11/11—Treating the molten metal
    • B22D11/114—Treating the molten metal by using agitating or vibrating means
    • B22D11/115—Treating the molten metal by using agitating or vibrating means by using magnetic fields
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/10—Supplying or treating molten metal
    • B22D11/11—Treating the molten metal

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of continuous casting of steel employing an electromagnetic coil configured to selectively activate electromagnetic braking or electromagnetic stirring, and an in-mold molten steel flow controller for implementing this continuous casting method.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic sectional view of a fluid state of molten steel within a mold in this typical continuous casting.
  • Molten steel 2 which is discharged from an outlet port 1a of an immersion nozzle 1, collides against a solidifying shell 2c on a narrow side 3a of a mold 3.
  • the molten steel then separates into an upward flow 2a and a downward flow 2b.
  • the upward flow 2a then forms a horizontal flow below the meniscus and moves in the direction of the immersion nozzle 1.
  • Reference Numeral 4 in FIG. 13 illustrates a mold powder.
  • Control of the flow of molten steel in the mold is of the utmost importance in the casting operation and in quality control of cast slabs.
  • There are various methods for achieving flow control of molten steel such as improving the shape of the immersion nozzle, or applying an electromagnetic force to the molten steel in the mold.
  • the method of applying an electromagnetic force to the molten steel has come to be widely used.
  • Electromagnetic braking is used to prevent a reduction in product quality and to prevent the occurrence of break-out, which accompanies re-melting of a solidifying shell, when the discharge flow collides against the solidifying shell on the narrow sides of the mold. Electromagnetic braking can also be used to increase the casting velocity by controlling the molten steel flow velocity below the meniscus. On the other hand, electromagnetic stirring is known to have the effect of improving product quality, and is primarily used in the casting of high-grade materials.
  • electromagnetic brake and electromagnetic stirrer are formed as electromagnetic coil devices with windings around their respective magnetic cores.
  • a magnetic core often employs a ferromagnetic material such as an iron material, and is often also referred to as an iron core. In this specification, the magnetic core will subsequently be referred to simply as a core.
  • Soft iron is often used as a core in an electromagnetic brake.
  • an electromagnetic steel plate is typically employed in electromagnetic stirring, which uses alternating current, in order to reduce core loss due to electromagnetic induction.
  • electromagnetic coil devices have only a single function of either an electromagnetic brake or an electromagnetic stirrer. Accordingly, for some time now, electromagnetic coil devices have been developed with the capability of functioning both as electromagnetic brakes and as electromagnetic stirrers (referred to below as dual-purpose coils).
  • Patent Reference 1 discloses a method for selectively applying direct current, multi-phase alternating current, or direct and indirect superimposed current, to a dual-purpose coil having an odd number (equal to or more than 3) of teeth with a central teeth portion positioned at the outlet port of the immersion nozzle. This method makes it possible to selectively activate electromagnetic braking or electromagnetic stirring.
  • Patent Reference 1 Japanese Patent Application Kokai Publication No. S63-188461
  • Patent Reference 1 when electromagnetic braking is activated, a direct magnetic flux is passed through the immersion nozzle. Passing a direct magnetic flux through the immersion nozzle often causes casting defects known as longitudinal cracks. Moreover, when activating electromagnetic braking, it is generally necessary to increase the density of the magnetic flux that penetrates the mold in the direction of the thickness. In order to increase the density of the magnetic flux, the width of the teeth portion must be increased.
  • the apparatus is designed with priority being given to electromagnetic stirring performance.
  • the dual-purpose coil disclosed in Patent Reference 1 is a linear coil with a teeth portion having a narrow width, it is suited to electromagnetic stirring. However, it is unable to sufficiently ensure electromagnetic braking performance, since the width of the teeth portion is narrow.
  • Patent Reference 2 the assignee of the present application proposed in Patent Reference 2 the use of an electromagnetic coil in which windings around the respective teeth portions, and windings around the outer side of two teeth portions are united.
  • Patent Reference 2 Japanese Patent Application Kokai Publication No. S60-44157
  • pi-electromagnetic stirring coil referred to below as a pi-coil
  • Patent Reference 3 the present inventors disclosed a dual-purpose coil technology employing a pi-coil.
  • This pi-coil forms a single unit by having windings around the outer side of two teeth portions. Therefore, when activating electromagnetic braking, the problem of the teeth portion having a narrower width can be solved by magnetization of the two teeth portions together.
  • Patent Reference 3 Japanese Patent Application Kokai Publication No. 2007-7719
  • the dual-purpose coil configuration of the present invention is similar to that of Patent Reference 3. This dual-purpose coil configuration is shown in FIG. 14 .
  • FIG. 14 shows the continuous structure of two pi-coils 5 on a wide side 3b of a mold 3.
  • the optimal numbers and widths of teeth 5a depend on the desired size of the mold 3.
  • these numbers and widths were set on the basis of experience, and performance was confirmed by numerical analysis. That is to say, lengthy experience and a great amount of time were required to suitably select the number and width of the teeth 5a.
  • 5b is a core
  • 5c is an inner winding
  • 5d is an outer winding.
  • FIG. 15 shows a horizontal cross section below the meniscus [ FIG. 15 (a) ] and at the position where the outlet port is placed [ FIG. 15 (b) ].
  • molten steel 2 injected through the outlet port 1a of the immersion nozzle 1 collides against the solidifying shell 2c on the narrow side 3a of the mold 3, after which the molten steel is separated into the upward flow 2a, which moves toward the meniscus, and the downward flow 2b, which moves in the direction of withdrawal.
  • a molten steel flow 9b is formed at the position of the outlet port 1a and moves from the immersion nozzle 1 toward the narrow side 3a.
  • molten steel flow 9a forms below the meniscus, moving from the narrow side 3a toward the immersion nozzle 1, as shown in FIG. 15 (a) .
  • an electromagnetic stirring coil 6 in the direction of the wide side 3b of the mold 3 was divided into two parts, EMS-A and EMS-B, and EMS-C and EMS-D, respectively.
  • a technology for controlling the current applied to each of the further divided coils is disclosed in Patent Reference 4 (see FIG. 16 ).
  • Patent Reference 4 Japanese Patent No. 2965438
  • Patent Reference 5 discloses a technology that causes the electromagnetic force in the direction from the immersion nozzle 1 to the narrow side 3a of the mold 3 (EMS-B and EMS-C in FIG. 16 ) to be greater than the electromagnetic force in the direction from the narrow side 3a to the immersion nozzle 1 (EMS-A and EMS-D).
  • this technology gives priority to an electromagnetic force which forms a swirling flow below the meniscus, the problem of accelerating the molten steel flow velocity at the position where the outlet port is placed exists.
  • Patent Reference 5 Japanese Patent No. 2948443
  • Patent Reference 6 discloses a technology for applying an electromagnetic force to molten steel, such that Vs ⁇ Ve, where Vs is the starting point flow velocity along the wide side, and Ve is the terminal side flow velocity along the wide side, at the 1 ⁇ 4 point of the wide side of the mold in the position where the outlet port is placed (see FIG. 16 ).
  • Patent Reference 6 Japanese Patent No. 3577389
  • Patent Reference 6 The technology of Patent Reference 6 is able to produce a current applied to EMS-B and EMS-C shown in FIG. 16 which is equal to or less than 0.5 times of that applied to EMS-A and EMS-D (claim 5 of Patent Reference 6).
  • This method gives priority to reducing the acceleration of molten steel flow at the outlet port position, which is the opposite of the method of Patent Reference 4 above.
  • there is insufficient electromagnetic force in the reverse direction region below the meniscus thereby causing the problem that stirring does not sufficiently reach the corner areas of the mold.
  • Patent Reference 7 discloses a technology for arranging the core of the electromagnetic stirring coil only near the meniscus. In this technology, since electromagnetic force is applied only below the meniscus, the problem of accelerating the discharge flow can be avoided. However, this technology cannot be applied to dual-purpose coils, since electromagnetic braking must generate a magnetic flux at the position where the outlet port is placed.
  • Patent Reference 7 Japanese Patent Application Kokai Publication No. H07-314104
  • JP 2007-007719 and JP 2005-349454 disclose an in-mold molten steel flow controller in accordance with the pre-characterizing section of claim 3.
  • the problem to be solved by the present invention is that there is a need to improve the electromagnetic stirring performance below the meniscus, since electromagnetic braking performance is given priority in continuous casting, which employs an electromagnetic coil device capable of functioning both as an electromagnetic brake and as an electromagnetic stirrer, in the prior art.
  • the method of continuous steel casting which selectively causes electromagnetic braking or electromagnetic stirring to act on molten steel in a mold by applying direct current or 3-phase alternating current to an electromagnetic coil disposed around a wide side of a mold, the method comprising: arranging the electromagnetic coil so that it has 2n teeth on each wide side, wherein n is a natural number greater than or equal to two; providing the teeth with an inner winding around each tooth, and an outer winding around every two teeth provided with the inner winding, the outer winding thereby forming a single unit excitation coil comprising two teeth having inner and outer windings, disposing a core of the electromagnetic coil within a vertical region of a mold, the vertical region extending from a meniscus of molten steel to a position of a outlet port of an immersion nozzle of the mold, wherein the core is a magnet that comprises the teeth; and inducing an electromagnetic force in the molten steel below the meniscus when electromagnetically stirring the molten steel in the mold, the electromagnetic force being at least twice the electromagnetic force induced at
  • the method of continuous casting of steel may be implemented by employing an in-mold molten steel flow controller.
  • the in-mold molten steel controller of the present invention includes: an electromagnetic coil having 2n teeth, wherein n is a natural number greater than or equal to 2 and n teeth are arranged on each of wide side of a mold, wherein each tooth is provided with an inner winding, and wherein an outer winding is disposed around every two teeth, the outer winding thereby forming a single unit excitation coil comprising two teeth having the inner and outer windings; a direct current source; a 3-phase alternating current source; a mold; and a core of the electromagnetic coil, the core being a magnet that comprises the teeth, characterized in that the core is disposed within a vertical region of the mold, the vertical region extending from a meniscus of molten steel disposed in the mold to a position of an outlet port of an immersion nozzle of the mold, and in that each tooth has a width W and the mold has a width L, wherein the
  • a dual-purpose coil which can be used for electromagnetic braking and for electromagnetic stirring induces an electromagnetic force , below the meniscus during electromagnetic stirring, which is greater than the electromagnetic force at the position where the outlet port of the immersion nozzle is placed. This makes it possible to form a favorable swirling flow of molten steel below the meniscus. It is also possible to easily determine the basic shape of the dual-purpose coil, thereby making it possible to greatly reduce the time required to design the dual-purpose coil.
  • FIGS. 1-12 illustrate a process from its initial conception of the present invention to its solution of the problems of the prior art and illustrate the embodiments for implementing the present invention.
  • the prior art dual-purpose coil does not solve the problem that it is not desirable for the molten steel flow to accelerate at the position where the outlet port of the immersion nozzle is placed, while needing obtain a favorable swirling flow of molten steel by applying a large electromagnetic force to the flow of molten steel below the meniscus.
  • the inventors have developed a dual-purpose coil capable of applying an electromagnetic force below the meniscus that is greater than the electromagnetic force at the position where the outlet port is placed. Moreover, the inventors have developed a method of determining the number and width of teeth of the dual-purpose coil by using a formula which takes into consideration the desired mold width, instead of determining the number and width of the teeth on the basis of trial and error experience as is required in the prior art.
  • the inventors employed numerical analysis to make electromagnetic field analysis in order to find conditions under which the electromagnetic force below the meniscus is greater than the electromagnetic force at the position where the outlet port is placed. As a result, the inventors have discovered that an electromagnetic force distribution can be achieved where the electromagnetic force below the meniscus is at least twice the electromagnetic force at the position where the outlet port is placed, by adjusting the electrical current frequency and by adjusting the length from the upper end of the core to the upper end of the copper mold.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a computation model of electromagnetic field analysis.
  • FIG. 1 (a) shows the entire model
  • FIG. 1 (b) shows a horizontal sectional view
  • FIG. 1 (c) shows a vertical sectional view.
  • Non-magnetic stainless steel is installed on the outer side of the mold 3 as back-up plate 7.
  • the upper end of the core 5b is at the same height as the meniscus.
  • the width of the windings 5c and 5d is 50 mm.
  • the electromagnetic coil in the present invention has 2n (n is a natural number 2 or greater) teeth 5a at each wide side 3b of the mold 3. These teeth 5a are provided with inner windings 5c on each of their respective outer sides. The teeth 5a, which are provided with the inner winding 5c around each tooth, are further formed into a single unit by the outer winding 5d disposed around the outer side of every two teeth.
  • the inner winding 5c is provided on the outer surface of each tooth 5a.
  • the inner winding 5c which is a coil, is referred to as an excitation coil.
  • the teeth 5a that are provided with the inner winding 5c around each tooth are further provided with the outer winding 5d disposed around the outer side of every two teeth.
  • the outer winding 5d is also referred to as an excitation coil. Therefore, these three excitation coils (5c and 5d) are united to form a single electromagnetic coil for each unit of two teeth. That is, the three excitation coils 5c and d form the pi-coil 5.
  • a current of 45,000 ampere turns (abbreviated below as AT) was applied to each excitation coil of the windings 5c and 5d, and numerical analysis was performed on the electromagnetic steel sheet laminate of the core 5b.
  • the numerical analysis conditions for the subsequent electromagnetic stirring serve as the basic conditions, and only places where there are modifications will be indicated below.
  • the distance h (mm) is the distance from the upper end of the core 5b to the upper end of the copper mold 3 shown in FIG. 1 (c) .
  • f (Hz) is the current frequency.
  • FIG. 2 shows the ratio of the electromagnetic force below the meniscus to the electromagnetic force at the position where the outlet port is placed (referred to below as the "electromagnetic force ratio" below) when the values of h and f are varied.
  • the electromagnetic force was used to evaluate the electromagnetic force component in the direction of the wide side on the wide side wall of the mold, on the inner side below the meniscus, and at the position where the outlet port is placed, respectively.
  • the position of the outlet port of the immersion nozzle was set at 270 mm from the meniscus on the downstream side.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates that the lower the value of h and the higher the value of f, the greater the ratio of the electromagnetic force below the meniscus to the electromagnetic force at the position of the outlet port.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates that the relationship shown in FIG. 3 is obtained.
  • the electromagnetic force below the meniscus can be made to be at least twice the electromagnetic force at the position of the outlet port of the immersion nozzle. This region is defined as the two straight lines resulting from Equations (1) and (2) below.
  • Molds for continuous casting typically have a structure such that the narrow side of the mold is movable in the direction of the slab width, and the length of the wide side of the mold (referred to below as the mold width) can be adjusted during casting. Therefore, slabs with different widths can be cast even while casting is in progress. Variations in mold with are on the order of 500 mm, and it is desirable for dual-purpose coils to be adaptable to changes in mold width.
  • the number and width of teeth are selected on the basis of experience, depending on the width, thickness, and height of the mold to be used, and numerical analysis may be used to test whether or not these were appropriate.
  • lengthy computation time is required for this numerical analysis, and a long time was needed to study the optimal design of dual-purpose coils since the mold width could change.
  • Equation (3) can be used to determine the number and width of teeth most suited for the desired mold size.
  • L 80 / 3 ⁇ W + 400 ⁇ n ⁇ L + 200 / 3 ⁇ W + 200
  • L is the width of the mold (mm)
  • W is the width of the teeth (mm)
  • n is the number of pi-coils.
  • the width W of the teeth is on the order of 80-200 mm, and preferably 120-170 mm.
  • FIG. 4 shows the shape parameters which are the determining factors in design of the dual-purpose coils. The following is a description of the process used to derive Equation (3). Initially, teeth of a certain width are required to ensure electromagnetic braking performance. FIG. 5 shows the relationship between the width of the teeth and the magnetic flux density at the center of the mold in the direction of the mold thickness.
  • FIG. 5 shows the results of numerical analysis when the thickness of the copper mold 3 is 40 mm, the thickness of the back-up plate 7 is 70 mm, and the length t in the direction of the mold thickness (see FIG. 4 ) is 270 mm or 300 mm.
  • a magnetic flux density of at least 2,000 Gauss, and preferably at least 2,500 Gauss is required to ensure adequate electromagnetic braking performance. Accordingly, we see from FIG. 5 that a dual-purpose coil teeth width W of at least 80 mm, and preferably 120 mm or more, is desirable.
  • the shape of the dual-purpose coil is adjusted according to the electromagnetic stirring performance.
  • n pi-coils are arranged in parallel so that the yoke on the wide side is continuous.
  • the interval D between teeth of the pi-coils is equal to the width W of the teeth, a good balance between electromagnetic braking performance and electromagnetic stirring performance is achieved.
  • the width which takes up n pi-coils is 3Wn.
  • the distance M between pi-coils, and the distance S from the outermost teeth end to the narrow side of the mold are added to this 3Wn, and should equal the mold width L, as in Equation (4) below.
  • the inventors conducted flow analysis for the 8 cases shown in Table 1 below in order to determine the range of W, M, and S at which electromagnetic stirring functions sufficiently. Flow analysis was performed with the casting velocity set at 1.6 m/min. As a result of repeated study of excitation coil current phases during electromagnetic stirring, the combinations shown in Tables 2 and 3 below were found to be favorable. Table 2 is referred to as current phase pattern X, and Table 3 is referred to as current phase pattern Y.
  • Tables 2 and 3 show various phases of 3-phase alternating current where the mutual phase difference is 120°.
  • Tables 2 and 3 show combinations of current phases applied to excitation coils corresponding to the excitation coil numbers given in FIG. 4 .
  • Examination computations of shape parameters utilizing the current phase pattern X are listed in Table 2.
  • Current frequency f was set at 4.0 Hz and the distance h from the upper end of the core of the electromagnetic coil to the upper end of the copper mold was set at 100 mm.
  • FIG. 6 The results of flow analysis are given in FIG. 6 , with the flow velocity distribution near the wide side of the mold below the meniscus.
  • FIG. 6 confirms that molten steel is flowing near the wide side of the mold in each instance from Case 1 to Case 8.
  • the teeth width W is 120 mm-170 mm
  • electromagnetic stirring of in-mold molten steel is considered to be possible.
  • Thickness t of the mold in question is 270 mm, and the mold width is 1100 mm and 1620 mm.
  • W, M, and S When suitable values of W, M, and S are substituted into Equations (3) and (4), it creates a condition in which S ⁇ 200 and 200 ⁇ M ⁇ 400 can be easily applied, as shown in Table 4 below.
  • Table 4 In the Judgment column in Table 4, o indicates that the results are judged to be suitable, and ⁇ indicates that the results are judged to be unsuitable.
  • FIG. 7 shows the results of flow analysis conducted using the current phase patterns X and Y given in Tables 2 and 3.
  • FIG. 7 (a) shows the flow velocity distribution below the meniscus under current phase pattern X
  • FIG. 7 (b) shows the flow velocity distribution at the position of the outlet port of the immersion nozzle under current phase pattern X
  • FIG. 7 (c) shows the flow velocity distribution below the meniscus under current phase pattern Y
  • FIG. 7 (d) shows the flow velocity distribution at the position of the outlet port of the immersion nozzle under current phase pattern Y.
  • FIG. 8 (a) and (b) show the horizontal flow velocity distribution at a position 10 mm from the wide side wall of the mold shown by the line A-A' in FIG. 7 (a) and the line B-B' in FIG. 7 (b) .
  • FIG. 8 (a) shows the horizontal flow velocity distribution under the condition of current phase pattern X.
  • FIG. 8 (b) shows the horizontal flow velocity distribution under the condition of current phase pattern Y.
  • current phase pattern X and current phase pattern Y are both able to form a swirling flow below the meniscus.
  • current phase pattern Y [ FIG. 7 (d) ] provides a better flow in the reverse direction region. This is because an electromagnetic force generated by interference between adjacent pi-coils is more suitable for electromagnetic stirring in the case of current phase pattern Y.
  • FIG. 9 shows the results of flow analysis when a linear coil disclosed in Patent Reference 6 is used. Note that the currents in the electromagnetic coils on the right and on the left were calculated as having identical values, without using a technology which applies different electromagnetic forces to the electromagnetic coils on the right and on the left, such as that as disclosed in Patent Reference 6.
  • the current was set at 40,000 AT and the frequency was set at 3.0 Hz for the linear coil, so that the flow velocity near the wide side of the mold below the meniscus would be on the order of 55 cm/s, which is the same as in FIGS. 7 and 8 .
  • FIG. 10 shows the flow velocity distribution near the wide side of the mold when the current frequency f is 1.0 Hz, 2.0 Hz, and 3.0 Hz, under current phase pattern Y in the above described embodiment of the present invention.
  • the electromagnetic force below the meniscus is at least twice the electromagnetic force at the position of the outlet port of the immersion nozzle (see FIG. 3 ). Therefore, as shown in FIG. 10 (c) , stirring can reach the corner areas of the mold below the meniscus, without reversing the flow velocity.
  • the electromagnetic force below the meniscus was not at least twice the electromagnetic force at the position of the outlet port of the immersion nozzle (see FIG. 3 ). Accordingly, the flow velocity is reversed in the corner areas of the mold below the meniscus, thereby resulting in insufficient stirring and a reduction in product quality.
  • the flow velocity does not accelerate excessively at the position of the outlet port, even when the current in the electromagnetic coils on the right and on the left is not adjusted.
  • stirring is able to reach the corner areas of the mold even below the meniscus without reversing the flow velocity.
  • FIG. 11 shows the results of flow analysis when the dual-purpose coil of the present invention shown in FIG. 1 is applied to electromagnetic stirring when the mold width L is 1100 mm, and the casting velocity is 2.0 m/min.
  • FIG. 11 (a) shows the flow velocity distribution below the meniscus
  • FIG. 11 (b) shows the flow velocity distribution at the position where the outlet port of the immersion nozzle is placed
  • FIG. 11 (c) illustrates the horizontal flow velocity at a position 10 mm from the wide side of the mold below the meniscus and at the position of the outlet port of the immersion nozzle.
  • FIG. 11 (a) it can be determined that a swirling flow is produced below the meniscus, even in cases where the mold width is 1100 mm. Moreover, based on FIG. 11 (b) , it can be determined that stirring can reach the corner areas of the mold below the meniscus without excessively accelerating the flow velocity at the position of the outlet port of the immersion nozzle, as in cases where the mold width is 1620 mm.
  • Table 5 below shows working examples in which a dual-purpose coil of the present invention is used as an electromagnetic brake, when the mold width is 1620 mm and 1100 mm.
  • the electromagnetic braking performance can be evaluated by the degree to which there is a decrease in the maximum flow velocity and the flow velocity fluctuation, in comparison to cases in which there is no electromagnetic braking. Since the maximum flow velocity decreases at least 5 cm/s, and the flow velocity fluctuation decreases at least 10 cm/s, it can be determined that sufficient electromagnetic brake performance is achieved.
  • the method of generating magnetic flux density in a dual-purpose coil of FIG. 1 during electromagnetic braking is basically the NNSS pattern shown in FIG. 12 (a) .
  • the NSNS pattern in which the orientation of magnetic flux density alternates, is also possible.
  • Patent Reference 3 the inventors disclosed that, the NSNS pattern, which is more effective in suppressing the maximum flow velocity, is better in terms of electromagnetic braking performance than the NNSS pattern, which is superior from the standpoint of suppressing flow velocity fluctuation, as long as magnetic flux density can be obtained to the same degree.
  • Table 5 shows that in the case of the NNSS pattern, the maximum flow velocity decreases on the order of 5 cm/s and the flow velocity fluctuation decreases on the order of 16 cm/s in comparison to when electromagnetic braking is not activated.
  • the maximum flow velocity decreases on the order of 8 cm/s and the flow velocity fluctuation decreases on the order of 12 cm/s, even though the magnetic flux density is low. Therefore, in the present invention, the electromagnetic braking performed by the dual-purpose coil is able to ensure sufficient performance whether the magnetization pattern is NNSS or NSNS.
  • the immersion nozzle is positioned in the center of the mold, but the immersion nozzle does not necessarily have to be positioned in the center of the mold;
  • the alternating current does not have to be 3-phase, but as long as the current phase difference varies from 90° to 120°, it can be multi-phase alternating current on a higher order.
  • the present invention described above can be applied to continuous casting using a curved mold, a vertical mold, or any mold shape, as long as it involves continuous casting using an immersion nozzle. Moreover, the present invention can be applied not only to continuous casting of slabs, but also to continuous casting of blooms.

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Claims (3)

  1. Stahlstranggussverfahren, das durch Anlegen eines Gleichstroms oder eines Dreiphasenwechselstroms an einer elektromagnetischen Spule, die um eine breite Seite einer Form (3) angeordnet ist, selektiv elektromagnetisches Bremsen oder elektromagnetisches Rühren auf Stahlschmelze in einer Form (3) wirken lässt, wobei das Verfahren umfasst:
    Auslegen der elektromagnetischen Spule, so dass sie 2n Zähne (5a) an jeder breiten Seite aufweist, wobei n eine natürliche Zahl größer oder gleich zwei ist;
    Versehen der Zähne (5a) mit einer Innenwindung (5c) um jeden Zahn und einer Außenwindung (5d) um jeweils zwei Zähne, die mit der Innenwindung versehen sind, wobei die Außenwindung dadurch eine einstückige Erregerspule bildet, die zwei Zähne mit Innen- und Außenwindungen umfasst,
    Anordnen eines Kerns (5b) der elektromagnetischen Spule in einem vertikalen Bereich einer Form, wobei sich der vertikale Bereich von einem Spiegel der Stahlschmelze zu einer Stelle einer Auslassöffnung einer Tauchdüse der Form erstreckt, wobei der Kern ein Magnet ist, der die Zähne umfasst; und
    Induzieren einer elektromagnetischen Kraft in der Stahlschmelze unter dem Spiegel bei elektromagnetischem Rühren der Stahlschmelze in der Form, wobei die elektromagnetische Kraft mindestens doppelt so groß wie die elektromagnetische Kraft ist, die an der Stelle induziert wird, an der die Auslassöffnung der Tauchdüse positioniert ist, und
    wobei eine Beziehung zwischen einer Strecke h von einem oberen Ende des Kerns (5b) zu einem oberen Ende der Form (3) und wobei die elektromagnetische Kraft durch Anlegen eines Dreiphasenwechselstroms mit einer Frequenz in Hz f induziert wird, wobei der Dreiphasenwechselstrom an der elektromagnetischen Spule so angelegt wird, dass bei Durchführen von Rühren der Stahlschmelze in der Form h ≤ 102f - 185, wenn 1,8 < f < 3,0, und h ≤ 18f + 68, wenn 3,0 ≤ f ≤ 5,0.
  2. Stahlstranggussverfahren nach Anspruch 1, wobei der Kern mindestens 12 Spulen umfasst, wobei Spulen 1-3 eine erste einstückige Erregerspule bilden, Spulen 4-6 eine zweite einstückige Erregerspule bilden, Spulen 7-9 eine dritte einstückige Erregerspule bilden und Spulen 10-12 eine vierte einstückige Erregerspule bilden, wobei jede einstückige Erregerspule zwei Zähne umfasst, wobei jeder Zahn eine Innenwindung und eine Außenwindung, die um die zwei Zähne gewickelt ist, aufweist,
    wobei die erste und die zweite einstückige Erregerspule an einer Seite der breiten Seite der Form angeordnet sind und die dritte und die vierte einstückige Erregerspule an der gegenüberliegenden Seite der breiten Seite der Form angeordnet sind, so dass die erste und die zweite Erregerspule der dritten und vierten Erregerspule zugewandt sind,
    wobei die elektromagnetische Kraft durch Anlegen eines Dreiphasenwechselstroms mit den Phasen A, B und C induziert wird, wobei jede Phase eine positive und negative Richtung aufweist, wobei A, B und C eine Phasendifferenz von 120 Grad aufweisen,
    wobei der Dreiphasenwechselstrom so an den Spulen angelegt wird, dass die Phasen A, B und C in einer ersten Reihenfolge oder einer zweiten Reihenfolge an den Innenwindungen der Spulen angelegt werden,
    wobei bei der ersten Reihenfolge Spule 1 eine Phase von -C aufweist, Spule 2 eine Phase von +B aufweist, Spule 3 eine Phase von +A aufweist, Spule 4 eine Phase von +C aufweist, Spule 5 eine Phase von -B aufweist, Spule 6 eine Phase von -A aufweist, Spule 7 eine Phase von -C aufweist, Spule 8 eine Phase von +A aufweist, Spule 9 eine Phase von +B aufweist, Spule 10 eine Phase von +C aufweist, Spule 11 eine Phase von -A aufweist und Spule 12 eine Phase von -B aufweist
    und wobei bei der zweiten Reihenfolge Spule 1 eine Phase von -C aufweist, Spule 2 eine Phase von +B aufweist, Spule 3 eine Phase von +A aufweist, Spule 4 eine Phase von -B aufweist, Spule 5 eine Phase von +A aufweist, Spule 6 eine Phase von +C aufweist, Spule 7 eine Phase von +B aufweist, Spule 8 eine Phase von -C aufweist, Spule 9 eine Phase von -A aufweist, Spule 10 eine Phase von +C aufweist, Spule 11 eine Phase von -A aufweist und Spule 12 eine Phase von -B aufweist.
  3. Steuervorrichtung für Stahlschmelzenströmung in der Form für Stahlstrangguss, wobei durch Anlegen eines Gleichstroms oder eines Dreiphasenwechselstroms an einer elektromagnetischen Spule, die an der breiten Seite einer Form (3) angeordnet ist, das Wirken von elektromagnetischem Bremsen oder elektromagnetischem Rühren auf die Stahlschmelze in einer Form (3) selektiv veranlasst wird, wobei die Steuervorrichtung umfasst:
    eine elektromagnetische Spule mit 2n Zähnen (5a), wobei n eine natürliche Zahl größer oder gleich 2 ist und n Zähne an jeder breiten Seite einer Form angeordnet sind, wobei jeder Zahn mit einer Innenwindung (5c) versehen ist und wobei eine Außenwindung (5d) um jeweils zwei Zähne angeordnet ist, wobei die Außenwindung (5d) dadurch eine einstückige Erregerspule bildet, die zwei Zähne mit den Innen- und Außenwindungen aufweist;
    eine Gleichstromquelle;
    eine Dreiphasenwechselstromquelle;
    eine Form; und
    einen Kern (5b) der elektromagnetischen Spule, wobei der Kern (5b) ein Magnet ist, der die Zähne umfasst, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Kern (5b) in einem vertikalen Bereich der Form (3) angeordnet ist, wobei sich der vertikale Bereich von einem Spiegel der in der Form angeordneten Stahlschmelze zu einer Stelle einer Auslassöffnung einer Tauchdüse der Form erstreckt, und dass
    jeder Zahn eine Breite W aufweist und die Form eine Breite L aufweist, wobei die Anzahl der elektromagnetischen Spulen n, die an jeder breiten Seite angeordnet sind, wovon jede zwei Zähne vereint, (L - 80) / (3W + 400) ≤ n ≤ (L +200) / (3W + 200) erfüllt.
EP08740580.9A 2007-06-06 2008-04-17 Stranggussverfahren für stahl und stahlschmelzenfluiditätssteuerung in der form Not-in-force EP2151291B1 (de)

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