EP2071561B1 - Structure absorbante pour l'atténuation de bruits générés notamment par un rotor et carénage comportant une telle structure - Google Patents

Structure absorbante pour l'atténuation de bruits générés notamment par un rotor et carénage comportant une telle structure Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2071561B1
EP2071561B1 EP08020965.3A EP08020965A EP2071561B1 EP 2071561 B1 EP2071561 B1 EP 2071561B1 EP 08020965 A EP08020965 A EP 08020965A EP 2071561 B1 EP2071561 B1 EP 2071561B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
absorbent structure
structure according
height
cavities
layer
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Application number
EP08020965.3A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2071561A3 (fr
EP2071561A2 (fr
Inventor
Henri-James Marze
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Airbus Helicopters SAS
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Airbus Helicopters SAS
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Publication of EP2071561A3 publication Critical patent/EP2071561A3/fr
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/172—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using resonance effects

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the general technical field of acoustic treatment to reduce noise pollution emitted by rotors, motors or others.
  • Such an acoustic treatment often proves to be essential in the aeronautical field and in particular on helicopters.
  • the present invention relates more particularly to an acoustic treatment of an anti-torque ducted rotor vein also called “fenestron”.
  • Any rotor rotating in a vein, fed by more or less turbulent air, will generate acoustic waves which can be organized or random.
  • Organized waves constitute what is commonly called rotational noise, which is characterized in the noise spectrum by discrete frequencies (lines) corresponding to the frequencies of rotation of the blades, of the transmission shaft, of their sub-harmonics and harmonics or at frequencies modulated by an angular phase shift of the blades or of the rotational speed.
  • Random waves are characterized in the noise spectrum by a high spectral density over a very wide band of frequencies. These random waves generate so-called “broadband” noise.
  • absorbent structures to reduce the propagation of acoustic waves emitted by noisy devices of the rotor or motor type, comprising a rigid partition, a porous wall and separation means for placing the porous wall at a determined distance. of the rigid partition, by delimiting cavities between said porous wall and said rigid partition, the height of which is determined to obtain maximum absorption of a given frequency of the acoustic waves emitted.
  • the audible acoustic waves emitted are most often composed of random and organized waves, distributed in a wide band of frequencies, making the known materials insufficiently efficient to effectively attenuate, in any flight envelope, the acoustic waves thus composed. It is necessary for example to treat pure tones and their harmonics but also noise sources operating over a wide range of speed variation as is the case for aircraft and operating over a temperature range of - 40 ° VS at + 40 ° C. The sources of parasitic noise that must be treated are therefore numerous and very diverse.
  • the document US 6,114,652 describes, for example, a method for producing acoustic attenuation chambers using a honeycomb structure.
  • the cells comprise at least two absorbent and porous layers in which perforations are formed by means of a laser.
  • the material constituting the layers is based on polymers and is chosen for its energy absorption properties according to a given radiation frequency of the laser.
  • the layers thus have perforations of different diameter, distributed differently, to optimize the sound absorption properties.
  • an absorbent structure for reducing the propagation of acoustic waves comprising a rigid partition, at least one porous wall and separation means for placing the porous wall at a determined distance from the rigid partition, by delimiting cavities of a height given between said porous wall and said rigid partition.
  • the document EP 1 111 584 also describes a method of making acoustic attenuation chambers for aircraft jet engine nacelles. Such chambers are thus produced using a honeycomb structure forming a separation between a wave reflective bottom and an acoustically resistive layer. This acoustically resistive layer is formed by a woven metal fabric on which are placed in superposition son impregnated with resin oriented in a predetermined direction.
  • the acoustically resistive layer also requires an operation consisting in orienting the impregnated threads relatively with respect to the threads constituting the fabric of metallic threads oriented in at least two distinct directions.
  • absorbent structures comprising a rigid partition, separation means, a porous wall and complementary absorption means.
  • a porous wall comprises a first layer formed by a perforated sheet and a second layer of fiber felt.
  • the first layer of the porous wall is arranged towards the interior of the structure and the second layer of the porous wall is arranged the exterior.
  • the objects of the present invention are therefore aimed at providing a novel absorbing structure making it possible to attenuate pure tones as well as to exhibit a high efficiency of absorption of acoustic waves in a wide frequency band.
  • the absorbent structure in accordance with the invention thus makes it possible to process groups of pure tones and / or so-called “broadband” noises. There is thus obtained a substantial and audible reduction of the parasitic noises generated.
  • Another object of the present invention aims to provide an absorbent structure providing an acoustic covering on the one hand and constituting a rigid structural element on the other hand.
  • the absorbent structure constitutes the air flow duct of said anti-torque rotors.
  • Another object of the present invention aims to provide an absorbent structure which does not increase significantly. significant the weight and / or size of the elements on which or in which it is used as a replacement for metal elements in single sheet or single walls in composite materials.
  • an absorbent structure to reduce the propagation of acoustic waves emitted by noisy devices such as rotors or motors, comprising a rigid partition, at least one porous wall and means separation to dispose the porous wall at a determined distance from the rigid partition, by delimiting cavities of a height h1 between said porous wall and said rigid partition, said height h1 being determined to obtain maximum absorption of a base frequency F1 given of the acoustic waves emitted, said structure comprising complementary absorption means to obtain a maximum absorption of the acoustic waves emitted at at least one additional base frequency Fi, of the spectrum of the acoustic waves emitted, i being a whole number greater than or equal at 2,
  • the porous wall comprises at least a first layer and at least a second layer of fiber felt, characterized in that said first layer is formed of fine mesh mesh and in that said first layer is positioned on said second layer of fiber felt to constitute an assembly of two layers, said second layer of fiber felt felt
  • the complementary absorption means in combination with the porous wall and the cavities therefore make it possible to obtain a maximum absorption coefficient of 100% for at least one base frequency F1 and Fi and an absorption coefficient of approximately 80% around these base frequencies F1 and Fi, and this over a wide frequency band ranging for example from 0.77Fi to 1.3.Fi.
  • the absorbent structure according to the invention also has the advantage of having, in addition to a maximum attenuation for each base frequency F1 or Fi, a maximum attenuation for multiples of the base frequencies corresponding to (2n + 1) .Fi, where n is an integer greater than or equal to 1.
  • the total attenuation of a line at 1000 Hz is therefore accompanied by an attenuation of about 80% of the other lines of the noise spectrum, representative of noise at frequencies between 667 Hz and 1333 Hz and preferably between 700 Hz and 1300 Hz and those between 1400 Hz and 2600 Hz.
  • the additional absorption means comprise a complementary porous wall, arranged in the cavities, at an intermediate height h2.
  • the heights h1 and h2 consequently correspond respectively to the attenuation of the respective frequencies F1 and F2.
  • the cavities of height h1 and h2 are thus arranged in parallel, in this way reducing the overall thickness of the absorbent structure with respect to an arrangement in series of two successive cavities of height h1 and h2.
  • the additional absorption means are materialized by an inclination of the rigid partition with respect to to the porous wall so as to continuously modify, in at least one direction, the height h1 from one cavity to another.
  • Such a design makes it possible to promote the processing of noise over a wide band of frequencies. It is therefore advantageous, according to another exemplary embodiment in accordance with the invention, to combine these complementary absorption means with complementary absorption means favoring the processing of noise at one or more base frequencies Fi.
  • the complementary absorption means comprise, alternately with the cavities of height h1, additional cavities of height h3, said height h3 being less than height h1.
  • These additional cavities of height h3 are for example produced with a deposit of an absorbent material on the rigid partition in certain cavities of height h1, for example in every other cavity.
  • the cavities are delimited with rising partitions, extending substantially orthogonally from the rigid partition to a porous wall.
  • the mesh and / or the felt are preferably made of metallic or composite materials.
  • the first layer and the second layer are assembled by gluing or welding. These operations, as well as the assembly of a porous wall and of the rigid partition delimiting the cavities, can easily be automated during the manufacture of the absorbent structure.
  • the rigid partition is preferably made of glass fibers. It is the same, preferably, for the rising partitions. This gives the rigidity, strength and lightness required in particular in the field of helicopters.
  • a faired anti-torque rotor for helicopters comprising a fairing constituted at least in part of an absorbent structure as presented.
  • the absorbent structure according to the invention comprises a rigid partition 1, for example of glass fibers, as well as rising partitions 2 extending substantially orthogonally from the rigid partition 1 in order to define cavities 3.
  • the rising partitions 2, for example of glass fibers, extend to a porous wall 4 and constitute means of separation between the rigid partition 1 and the porous wall 4.
  • the cavities 3 have a height h1 whose value, with a good approximation, is proportional to the inverse of the base frequency F that should be absorbed, and this at a given temperature T.
  • h vs . T 1 / 2 .1 / F
  • c is a constant, F being the frequency to be absorbed, is known as such.
  • the value h corresponds approximately to a quarter or to a multiple of a quarter of the wavelength of the frequency F which should be absorbed.
  • the porous wall 4 comprises a first layer 4a of fine or very fine mesh metal mesh and a second layer 4b of felt of metal fibers.
  • the mesh and the felt can also be made of composite materials.
  • the layers 4a and 4b are for example assembled by gluing or by welding.
  • the figure 2 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of the absorbent structure according to the invention.
  • the latter comprises a second porous wall 5 arranged between the rigid partition 1 and the porous wall 4.
  • Each of the cavities 3 is thus divided into two by means of the second porous wall 5.
  • the porous wall 5 is moved away from the rigid partition 1 by extending to a height h2 less than h1.
  • the height h2 is determined by the same relation as that determining h1 and specified above.
  • the porous wall 5 is preferably identical or similar to the porous wall 4 and comprises a first layer 5a in wire mesh with fine mesh and a second 5b in felt of metallic fibers.
  • This absorbing structure makes it possible to absorb two base frequencies F1 and F2, corresponding to two distinct lines of the noise spectrum which should be attenuated.
  • the figure 3 illustrates another exemplary embodiment of the absorbent structure according to the invention.
  • the complementary absorption means comprise additional cavities 7 having a height h3, alternating with cavities of height h1.
  • the height h3 is also determined by the relation specified above.
  • the additional cavities 7 are obtained by depositing an absorbent material 7a on the rigid partition 1, in certain cavities 3.
  • every other cavity 3 can thus be transformed into an additional cavity 7 having a height h3.
  • the cavities 3 and the additional cavities 7 thus make it possible to absorb respectively acoustic waves of frequencies F1 and F3 distinct from the spectrum of the emitted noise.
  • the figure 4 shows another embodiment of the absorbent structure according to the invention, in which the additional absorption means are obtained by an inclination of the rigid partition 1 relative to the porous wall 4. This results in rising partitions 2 having a different height h1 (n) when passing from one riser 2 to the next.
  • Particular cavities 8 are thus obtained having a rising partition 2 of height h1 (n) and a neighboring rising partition 2 of height h1 (n + 1) .
  • the variation in height from one rigid partition to the next is of course determined by the inclination of the rigid partition 1.
  • Such an absorbing structure consequently attenuates a certain number of lines in the spectrum of the noise emitted, and more preferably a wide band. frequencies corresponding to so-called “broadband” noises.
  • the figure 5 schematizes in section an embodiment of a ducted anti-torque rotor of a helicopter.
  • the anti-torque rotor comprises a hub 10 driving the blades 11.
  • Retaining plates 12 are provided for, on the one hand, maintaining the hub 10 in position in an air circulation duct 13 and, on the other hand, ensuring a straightening of the air expelled by said rotor. This recovery is obtained by a particular orientation of the retaining plates 12, for example a radial orientation 12a for one 12a and a quasi-radial orientation for the other 12b of the retaining plates 12, shown for example on figure 6 .
  • the air sucked in by the anti-torque rotor is shown by arrows A.
  • the air sucked in enters the air circulation stream 13 through an inlet 13a of the stream 13, and is expelled via an outlet 13b of the stream 13.
  • the inlet 13a and the outlet 13b of the duct 13 are delimited by a fairing 15 of the rotor.
  • This fairing 15 is produced by means of absorbent structure elements according to the invention or by elements coated with an absorbent structure according to the invention.
  • the air circulation duct 13 also comprises a constriction 16 positioned around the path of the ends of the blades 11.
  • the retaining plates 12a, 12b are for example provided on each of their faces with an absorbent structure according to the invention.
  • all the parts of the fairing 15 delimiting the air circulation duct 13 comprises a coating of an absorbent structure in accordance with the invention.
  • these parts can also be produced directly with elements of absorbent structure.
  • the latter thus constitute rigid structural elements of the anti-torque rotor.
  • the figure 7 illustrates a cross-sectional view of a ducted anti-torque rotor of a helicopter, in which the hub 10 transmits to the blades 11 a rotational movement via a transmission shaft 17.
  • the hub 10 comprises a housing 10a and a cover element 10b coated or made of an absorbent structure according to the invention.
  • the air circulation stream 13 is delimited in particular by air inlet lips 18 and by a diffusion cone 19 coated with or formed with an absorbent structure in accordance with the invention.
  • the whole of the air circulation vein 13 is preferably treated, namely coated or made up, with the absorbent structure according to the invention.
  • the anti-torque rotor as shown in figure 7 can also operate in reverse mode, in which the air circulation through the duct 13 takes place in the opposite direction shown by the arrows R.
  • the air circulation duct 13 retains its noise attenuation properties also in reverse mode.
  • the figure 8 represents for an exemplary embodiment of an absorbent structure according to the invention, the absorption coefficient CA as a function of the frequency F.
  • the base frequencies F1 and F2 2.F1
  • the frequencies 3.F1 and 3.F2 are attenuated to 100%.
  • Other harmonics, also attenuated to 100%, are not shown for reasons of clarity.
  • a wide frequency band of about +/- 30% of the above frequencies is also attenuated to at least 80%. At least 80% noise attenuation is thus obtained for frequencies between 2.1.F2 and 3.9.F2.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Soundproofing, Sound Blocking, And Sound Damping (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Motor Or Generator Frames (AREA)
EP08020965.3A 2007-12-14 2008-12-03 Structure absorbante pour l'atténuation de bruits générés notamment par un rotor et carénage comportant une telle structure Active EP2071561B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0708699A FR2925208B1 (fr) 2007-12-14 2007-12-14 Structure absorbante pour l'attenuation de bruits generes notamment par un rotor et carenage comportant une telle structure

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2071561A2 EP2071561A2 (fr) 2009-06-17
EP2071561A3 EP2071561A3 (fr) 2017-05-17
EP2071561B1 true EP2071561B1 (fr) 2021-02-03

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EP08020965.3A Active EP2071561B1 (fr) 2007-12-14 2008-12-03 Structure absorbante pour l'atténuation de bruits générés notamment par un rotor et carénage comportant une telle structure

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US7779965B2 (zh)
EP (1) EP2071561B1 (zh)
JP (1) JP2009145891A (zh)
CN (1) CN101458926B (zh)
CA (1) CA2646933C (zh)
FR (1) FR2925208B1 (zh)

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US7913813B1 (en) * 2009-10-21 2011-03-29 The Boeing Company Noise shield for a launch vehicle
US8770343B2 (en) * 2011-11-23 2014-07-08 The Boeing Company Noise reduction system for composite structures
GB201209658D0 (en) * 2012-05-31 2012-07-11 Rolls Royce Plc Acoustic panel
EP2706009B1 (en) 2012-09-07 2016-04-27 AIRBUS HELICOPTERS DEUTSCHLAND GmbH An empennage of a helicopter
JP5787947B2 (ja) * 2013-08-09 2015-09-30 三菱電機株式会社 防音装置、エレベータ用巻上機及びエレベータ
US8997923B2 (en) * 2013-08-12 2015-04-07 Hexcel Corporation Sound wave guide for use in acoustic structures
EP2878433B1 (en) 2013-11-29 2016-04-20 AIRBUS HELICOPTERS DEUTSCHLAND GmbH Shrouded rotary assembly from segmented composite for aircraft and method for its manufacture
EP2913269B1 (en) * 2014-02-28 2019-01-16 AIRBUS HELICOPTERS DEUTSCHLAND GmbH Rotorcraft with at least one main rotor and at least one counter-torque rotor
EP2913271A1 (en) * 2014-02-28 2015-09-02 AIRBUS HELICOPTERS DEUTSCHLAND GmbH Rotorcraft with at least one main rotor and at least one counter-torque rotor
EP2913270B1 (en) * 2014-02-28 2016-02-24 AIRBUS HELICOPTERS DEUTSCHLAND GmbH Rotorcraft with at least one main rotor and at least one counter-torque rotor
WO2016190753A1 (en) * 2015-05-25 2016-12-01 Dotterel Technologies Limited A shroud for an aircraft
CN105620716A (zh) * 2016-03-07 2016-06-01 刘海涛 载人多旋翼飞行器隔音方法
FR3054608B1 (fr) * 2016-07-29 2020-06-26 Safran Panneau acoustique pour une turbomachine et son procede de fabrication
JP7006083B2 (ja) * 2017-09-26 2022-01-24 富士フイルムビジネスイノベーション株式会社 騒音低減構造及び画像形成装置
CN108791868A (zh) * 2018-07-31 2018-11-13 刘浩然 一种安全稳定的新型运输无人机
JP7398742B2 (ja) * 2020-06-09 2023-12-15 戸田建設株式会社 伝搬音抑制構造及び管内伝搬音抑制構造
CN113674727A (zh) * 2021-08-05 2021-11-19 北京市劳动保护科学研究所 深亚波长低频吸声结构及吸声单元

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN101458926A (zh) 2009-06-17
EP2071561A3 (fr) 2017-05-17
CA2646933C (fr) 2013-05-21
FR2925208A1 (fr) 2009-06-19
CA2646933A1 (fr) 2009-06-14
CN101458926B (zh) 2012-07-04
JP2009145891A (ja) 2009-07-02
FR2925208B1 (fr) 2016-07-01
US20090152395A1 (en) 2009-06-18
US7779965B2 (en) 2010-08-24
EP2071561A2 (fr) 2009-06-17

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