EP1885904B2 - Procede de carbonitruration a basse pression - Google Patents

Procede de carbonitruration a basse pression Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1885904B2
EP1885904B2 EP06743815.0A EP06743815A EP1885904B2 EP 1885904 B2 EP1885904 B2 EP 1885904B2 EP 06743815 A EP06743815 A EP 06743815A EP 1885904 B2 EP1885904 B2 EP 1885904B2
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Prior art keywords
gas
steps
during
carbonitriding
temperature
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1885904B1 (fr
EP1885904A1 (fr
Inventor
Jean Berlier
Aymeric Goldsteinas
Xavier Doussot
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ECM Technologies SAS
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ECM Technologies SAS
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
    • C23C8/28—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases more than one element being applied in one step
    • C23C8/30—Carbo-nitriding
    • C23C8/32—Carbo-nitriding of ferrous surfaces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
    • C23C8/28—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases more than one element being applied in one step
    • C23C8/30—Carbo-nitriding
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
    • C23C8/34—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases more than one element being applied in more than one step

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to processes for treating steel parts, and more particularly to carbonitriding processes, that is to say introducing carbon and nitrogen at the surface of steel parts to improve its performance. hardness and fatigue resistance.
  • a first category of carbonitriding processes corresponds to so-called high-pressure carbonitriding processes insofar as the enclosure containing the workpieces is maintained at a pressure generally close to atmospheric pressure for the duration of the treatment.
  • Such a process consists, for example, in maintaining the parts at a temperature level, for example at about 880 ° C., while supplying the enclosure with a gaseous mixture consisting of methanol and ammonia.
  • the carbonitriding step is followed by a quenching step, for example an oil quenching, and optionally a hardening step of the treated parts.
  • a second category of carbonitriding processes corresponds to so-called low pressure or reduced pressure carbonitriding processes, insofar as the enclosure containing the workpieces is maintained at a pressure generally less than a few hundred pascals (a few millibars).
  • the figure 1 corresponds to the Figure 5 (a) demand US 2004/0187966 and represents a temperature evolution curve in the enclosure of an oven in which a carbonitriding process is carried out according to a first embodiment comprising seven successive stages I to VII.
  • the workpieces are heated (step I) to a temperature step 12 and held at temperature plateau 12 (step II) to achieve room temperature equalization.
  • a carburising step (step III) is carried out at the temperature step 12 by injecting into the chamber a gaseous mixture of ethylene and hydrogen and is followed by a diffusion step (step IV) carried out at temperature step 12.
  • the temperature in the chamber is then lowered (step V) to a temperature step 14 below the temperature step 12.
  • a nitriding step (step VI) is performed at temperature step 14 by injecting ammonia in the enclosure.
  • the pieces are finally quenched (stage VII), for example by quenching with oil.
  • the figure 2 corresponds to the Figure 5 (b) demand US 2004/0187966 and represents a curve 16 for changing the temperature in the enclosure of an oven in which a carbonitriding process is carried out according to a second exemplary embodiment comprising four successive stages I 'to IV'.
  • Steps I 'and II' respectively correspond to steps I and II of the first exemplary embodiment.
  • Stage III ' corresponds to a carbonitriding step, carried out at a temperature step 18, during which a gaseous mixture of ethylene, hydrogen and ammonia is injected into the enclosure of the furnace.
  • Step IV ' corresponds to an oil quenching step.
  • a disadvantage of the first example of carbonitriding process described in the publication US 2004/0187966 is that the nitriding step is performed after the carburizing step at a temperature step below the carburizing temperature plateau.
  • the total duration of the treatment can therefore be excessively long, which makes it difficult to use such a method in an industrial context.
  • a disadvantage of the second example of carbonitriding process described in the publication US 2004/0187966 is due to the fact that carburizing and nitriding gases are injected simultaneously into the furnace chamber. It is then difficult to precisely control the gaseous environment that prevails in the chamber, and, therefore, to control, in a precise and reproducible manner, the nitrogen and carbon concentration profiles obtained in the treated parts.
  • the document EP 1 160 349 describes a carbonitriding process in which ammonia is injected during the cementation and carbon diffusion phases.
  • the document SU 1,159,960 discloses a process comprising pulsed injection of a carburizing gas.
  • the document DE 103 22 255 discloses a carburizing process which comprises, during carburization and diffusion, the addition of a gas comprising nitrogen.
  • the present invention provides a method of low-pressure carbonitriding of steel parts which allows to obtain, in a precise and reproducible manner, the desired carbon and nitrogen concentration profiles in the treated parts.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a carbonitriding process whose implementation is compatible with the treatment of steel parts in an industrial context.
  • the present invention provides a carbonitriding method according to claim 1.
  • the carburising gas is propane or acetylene and the nitriding gas is ammonia.
  • the first and second steps are performed at a constant pressure of less than 1500 pascals.
  • the temperature plateau is between 800 ° C and 1050 ° C.
  • the temperature plateau is greater than 900 ° C.
  • the present invention consists in producing in an enclosure, containing steel parts to be treated maintained at a substantially constant temperature, an alternation of carbon enrichment stages during which a carburizing gas is injected into the chamber under a reduced pressure. and carbon diffusion steps during which the injection of the carburizing gas is interrupted.
  • the present invention consists in providing for the injection into the chamber of a nitriding gas during part of the carbon diffusion steps.
  • the carbon enrichment steps then correspond to nitrogen diffusion steps.
  • the nitriding gas is injected during at least a portion of at least two carbon diffusion steps, i.e. during at least a portion of a carbon diffusion step sandwiched between two enrichment stages. carbon.
  • the figure 3 schematically represents an embodiment of a low-pressure carbonitriding furnace 10.
  • the furnace 10 comprises a sealed wall 12 delimiting an internal enclosure 14 in which is disposed a charge to be treated 16, generally a large number of parts disposed on a suitable support.
  • a vacuum of the order of a few hundred pascals (a few millibars) can be maintained in the chamber 14 by means of an extraction pipe 18 connected to an extractor 20.
  • An injector 22 makes it possible to introduce gases distributed in the enclosure 14.
  • gas inlets 22, 24, 26, 28 respectively controlled by valves 30, 32, 34, 36.
  • the temperature in the chamber 14 can be fixed by heating means 38.
  • the figure 4 represents a curve 40 of evolution of the temperature in the chamber 14 of the carbonitriding furnace 10 of the figure 3 during a carbonitriding cycle according to an exemplary carbonitriding process of the invention.
  • the method comprises an initial step H corresponding to an increase 42 of the temperature in the enclosure 14 containing the charge 16 to a temperature plateau 44 which, in the present example, is equal to 930 ° C. and which generally may be at temperatures between about 800 ° C and about 1050 ° C.
  • Step H is followed by a step PH equalizing the temperature of the parts constituting the load 16 at the temperature step 44.
  • the steps H and PH are performed in the presence of a neutral gas, to which a gas is optionally added. reducer.
  • the neutral gas is, for example, nitrogen (N 2 ).
  • the reducing gas for example hydrogen (H 2 )
  • H 2 hydrogen
  • the reducing gas may be added in a proportion varying within a range of 1% to 5% by volume of the neutral gas.
  • Step PH is followed by an alternation of carbon enrichment steps C1 to C4, during which a cementation gas is injected into the chamber 14, and carbon diffusion stages D1 to D4 during which the The carburizing gas is no longer injected into the chamber 14.
  • the enrichment and diffusion steps are carried out by maintaining the temperature in the chamber 14 at the temperature plateau 44.
  • an injection of a nitriding gas is carried out in the chamber 14.
  • a quench step Q of the charge 10 closes the carbonitriding cycle.
  • a vacuum is maintained in the chamber 14 at pressures of a few hundred pascals (a few millibars).
  • the injection of the carburizing gas is effected by pulses.
  • the carburising gas is for example propane (C 3 H 8 ) or acetylene (C 2 H 2 ). It can also be any other hydrocarbon (C X H Y ) likely to dissociate at the enclosure temperatures to cementer the surface of the parts to be treated.
  • the nitriding gas is, for example, ammonia (NH 3 ).
  • Injection of the nitriding gas can be performed only during some of the diffusion steps.
  • the injection of the nitriding gas is carried out only during part of the diffusion step.
  • a neutral gas for example nitrogen (N 2 ), may be injected during all the enrichment and diffusion steps, only during the diffusion steps, or only during part of the diffusion steps.
  • the injection of the neutral gas is regulated so as to maintain constant the pressure in the chamber 14.
  • the relative proportions of the nitriding gas and the neutral gas are determined as a function of desired nitrogen concentration profile in the treated parts.
  • the relative proportions of the nitriding gas and the neutral gas may be different for each diffusion step during which nitriding gas and neutral gas are simultaneously injected into the chamber 14.
  • certain gases injected into the chamber 14 of the furnace 10 may be mixed before the injection into the chamber 14.
  • Such a variant makes it possible, for example, during the temperature rise steps H and of equalization of temperature PH, to inject directly into the chamber 14 a mixture of nitrogen and hydrogen of the type containing a proportion of hydrogen of less than 5% by volume, such a proportion of hydrogen excluding any risk of 'explosion.
  • the carbonitriding process is carried out without pressure variation and the injections, carburizing gas and nitriding gas (and / or optionally neutral gas), during the steps of enrichment and diffusion, are successive and the substitution between the carburizing gas and the nitriding gas (and / or possibly the neutral gas) is likely to occur very quickly.
  • the figure 5 represents an example of a concentration profile by weight of the nitrogen element having diffused in a treated part as a function of the depth, measured from the surface of the part, when the carburizing gas is propane and the nitriding gas is ammonia.
  • the Figures 6, 7 and 8 illustrate respectively an example of the carbonitriding process according to the invention and the carbon and nitrogen concentration profiles obtained for such a carbonitriding process wherein the carburizing gas is acetylene and the nitriding gas is ammonia.
  • the carbonitriding is carried out at a temperature level of 880 ° C.
  • the heating steps H and the temperature equalization PH last for 20 minutes and are followed by an alternation of three enrichment stages C1, C2, C3 (respectively 123 s, 51 s and 49 s ) and three diffusion stages D1, D2, D3 (194 s, 286 s and 2957 s, respectively).
  • the Figures 9, 10 and 11 illustrate respectively another example of a carbonitriding process according to the invention and the carbon and nitrogen concentration profiles obtained for such a carbonitriding process, in which the carburizing gas is acetylene and the nitriding gas is the ammonia.
  • the carbonitriding is carried out at a temperature level of 930 ° C.
  • the heating steps H and equalization of the temperature PH respectively last 29 minutes and 31 minutes and are followed by an alternation of five enrichment stages C1 to C5 (respectively of 329 s, 91 s, 80 s, 75 s and 71 s) and five dissemination stages D1 to D5 (108 s, 144 s, 176 s, 208 s and 2858 s, respectively).
  • the Applicant has shown that the injection of ammonia during the diffusion steps allows an enrichment of the carburized layer of nitrogen to a depth of several hundred micrometers.
  • the nitrogen content obtained is of the order of 0.2% by weight depth micrometers.
  • the nitrogen content then decreases slowly from 0.2% for several hundred microns.
  • the nitrogen concentration is of the order of 0.2% to 30 ⁇ m, 0.14% to 60 ⁇ m, 0.12% to 130 ⁇ m and 0.05% to 200 ⁇ m.
  • the nitriding gas can be injected during step H of temperature rise, as soon as the temperature in the chamber 14 exceeds a given temperature, and / or during the equalizing step PH in temperature.
  • the nitriding gas is ammonia
  • the injection can be performed as soon as the temperature in the enclosure 14 exceeds about 800 ° C.
  • Injecting the nitriding gas only during the carbon diffusion stages allows better nitrogen and carbon enrichment of the treated parts and allows to obtain, in a precise and reproducible way, the carbon and carbon concentration profiles. desired nitrogen. Indeed, if the nitriding gas is injected simultaneously with the carburizing gas, there is a dilution of the carburizing gas and the nitriding gas. This is not a factor favoring the reaction of carbon from the carburising gas or the reaction of the nitrogen from the nitriding gas with the parts to be treated, which slows the enrichment of the parts in nitrogen and carbon.
  • the control of the gaseous environment in the chamber 14 can hardly be carried out accurately, which makes it more difficult to obtain accurately and reproducibly, desired nitrogen and carbon component concentration profiles.
  • the diffusion of nitrogen in steel parts being, for the same processing conditions, faster than the diffusion of carbon, the injection of the nitriding gas and the cementation gas at different stages makes it possible to modify more easily the injection time of each gas while ensuring the maintenance of a constant pressure in the chamber 14.
EP06743815.0A 2005-04-19 2006-04-19 Procede de carbonitruration a basse pression Active EP1885904B2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0550996A FR2884523B1 (fr) 2005-04-19 2005-04-19 Procede et four de carbonitruration a basse pression
PCT/FR2006/050357 WO2006111683A1 (fr) 2005-04-19 2006-04-19 Procede et four de carbonitruration a basse pression

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EP1885904A1 EP1885904A1 (fr) 2008-02-13
EP1885904B1 EP1885904B1 (fr) 2009-12-09
EP1885904B2 true EP1885904B2 (fr) 2017-02-01

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US (2) US8303731B2 (ko)
EP (1) EP1885904B2 (ko)
JP (1) JP5046245B2 (ko)
KR (1) KR101328110B1 (ko)
CN (1) CN100569992C (ko)
AT (1) ATE451484T1 (ko)
BR (1) BRPI0608493A2 (ko)
CA (1) CA2604785C (ko)
DE (1) DE602006010997D1 (ko)
FR (1) FR2884523B1 (ko)
MX (1) MX2007012964A (ko)
WO (1) WO2006111683A1 (ko)

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FR2884523B1 (fr) 2005-04-19 2008-01-11 Const Mecaniques Sa Et Procede et four de carbonitruration a basse pression
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JP4551428B2 (ja) * 2007-07-30 2010-09-29 正賢 劉 マルテンサイト系ステンレス鋼の表面硬度を向上する方法
CN102844459B (zh) 2009-08-07 2016-03-30 世伟洛克公司 低真空下的低温渗碳
KR200458171Y1 (ko) * 2010-03-09 2012-01-25 강순택 전동식 마늘종 절단장치
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FR2976589B1 (fr) * 2011-06-17 2014-09-12 Wheelabrator Allevard Traitement de surface d'une piece metallique
JP5878699B2 (ja) * 2011-06-23 2016-03-08 エア・ウォーター株式会社 鋼製品およびその製造方法
FR2981949B1 (fr) 2011-10-31 2013-11-08 Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa Procede de carbonitruration a etape de nitruration finale pendant une descente de temperature
FR2981947B1 (fr) * 2011-10-31 2014-01-03 Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa Procede de carbonitruration basse pression, a plage de temperature etendue dans une phase de nitruration initiale
FR2981948B1 (fr) * 2011-10-31 2014-01-03 Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa Procede de carbonitruration basse pression, a gradient reduit de temperature dans une phase de nitruration initiale
JP6257527B2 (ja) 2012-01-20 2018-01-10 スウエイジロク・カンパニー 低温浸炭における活性化ガスの同時流
FR2991694B1 (fr) * 2012-06-07 2015-08-07 Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa Procede de traitement thermochimique pour une piece en acier combinant une etape de carbonitruration et une etape de nitruration
JP2014122367A (ja) * 2012-12-20 2014-07-03 Daido Steel Co Ltd 真空浸窒処理方法
DE102013006589A1 (de) * 2013-04-17 2014-10-23 Ald Vacuum Technologies Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung für das thermochemische Härten von Werkstücken
CN103361594A (zh) * 2013-08-07 2013-10-23 湖南特科能热处理有限公司 一种钢制加工件表面渗碳氮化处理方法
FR3028530B1 (fr) * 2014-11-14 2020-10-23 Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa Procede et installation de carbonitruration de piece(s) en acier sous basse pression et haute temperature
FR3029938B1 (fr) * 2014-12-11 2019-04-26 Ecm Technologies Procede et four de carbonitruration a basse pression
FR3032205B1 (fr) * 2015-02-04 2017-02-17 Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa Installation de carbonitruration en serie de piece(s) en acier sous basse pression et haute temperature
KR102337818B1 (ko) 2015-03-24 2021-12-09 퀸투스 테크놀로지스 에이비 물품을 처리하기 위한 방법 및 장치
FR3041000A1 (fr) 2015-09-14 2017-03-17 Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa Procede de traitement d’une ou plusieurs pieces en acier
DE102017210597A1 (de) * 2017-06-23 2018-12-27 Zf Friedrichshafen Ag Tiefenwirksames Karbonitrieren
FR3081884B1 (fr) * 2018-06-05 2021-05-21 Safran Helicopter Engines Procede de cementation basse pression d'une piece comprenant de l'acier
CN108893705B (zh) * 2018-07-17 2020-03-27 嘉兴合邦机械科技有限公司 一种真空渗氮加工工艺
CN109097722A (zh) * 2018-08-30 2018-12-28 宁波市精恒凯翔机械有限公司 滚刀的加工工艺
CN110747430B (zh) * 2019-10-25 2020-12-15 西南交通大学 一种低压气体快速渗氮方法
CN114962460A (zh) 2021-02-25 2022-08-30 斯凯孚公司 经热处理的滚子轴承圈
FR3132720A1 (fr) 2022-02-11 2023-08-18 Skf Aerospace France Procédé de renforcement d’une pièce en acier par carbonitruration

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EP1885904B1 (fr) 2009-12-09
DE602006010997D1 (de) 2010-01-21
US20130042947A1 (en) 2013-02-21
JP2008538386A (ja) 2008-10-23
CA2604785A1 (en) 2006-10-26
US8784575B2 (en) 2014-07-22
FR2884523A1 (fr) 2006-10-20
EP1885904A1 (fr) 2008-02-13
WO2006111683A1 (fr) 2006-10-26
CA2604785C (en) 2014-04-15
KR101328110B1 (ko) 2013-11-08
ATE451484T1 (de) 2009-12-15
CN100569992C (zh) 2009-12-16
BRPI0608493A2 (pt) 2010-01-05
FR2884523B1 (fr) 2008-01-11
MX2007012964A (es) 2007-12-10
CN101180416A (zh) 2008-05-14
KR20080005281A (ko) 2008-01-10
US20110036462A1 (en) 2011-02-17
US8303731B2 (en) 2012-11-06

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