EP1080243B1 - Procede de carbonitruration a basse pression de pieces en alliage metallique - Google Patents
Procede de carbonitruration a basse pression de pieces en alliage metallique Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1080243B1 EP1080243B1 EP99915850A EP99915850A EP1080243B1 EP 1080243 B1 EP1080243 B1 EP 1080243B1 EP 99915850 A EP99915850 A EP 99915850A EP 99915850 A EP99915850 A EP 99915850A EP 1080243 B1 EP1080243 B1 EP 1080243B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- nitrogen
- action
- metal alloy
- ammonia
- nitriding gas
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
- C23C8/28—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases more than one element being applied in one step
- C23C8/30—Carbo-nitriding
- C23C8/32—Carbo-nitriding of ferrous surfaces
Definitions
- the subject of the present invention is a carbonitriding process of alloy parts metallic.
- Carbonitriding is a thermochemical treatment of simultaneous diffusion of carbon and nitrogen from the surface of a ferrous alloy in the solid state. It is generally carried out in a sealed oven, in which a controlled atmosphere is maintained, consisting of a support gas to which is added if necessary, to achieve the desired carbon potential, a carbon enrichment gas, and in addition, a nitrogen gas.
- the support gas is an endothermic generator gas comprising an alkane which is oxidized to carbon monoxide CO, since oxidation is carried out in the absence of air with respect to the stoichiometric reaction which would transform all the carbon into CO 2 .
- the gases used can be nitrogen-methanol mixtures or endothermic mixtures based on hydrocarbon and ammonia, as described in “The Engineering Techniques, M1226-8 to 14, July 1994, [1].
- the conventional method implements atmospheres that all contain oxygen the presence or formation of CO.
- Oxygen released by the decomposition of CO leads to oxidation surface of the steel which, on the one hand, brakes absorption of carbon and, on the other hand, leads to harmful structures in terms of characteristics mechanical of the treated part, contact fatigue by example.
- the carbonitrided parts that way are most often used in the state, without any mechanical touch-up of the surface.
- the subject of the present invention is a carbonitriding process which avoids the harmful presence of oxygen during treatment thermochemical diffusion of carbon and nitrogen in the metal alloy part.
- the method of carbonitriding of metal alloy parts consists in subjecting said documents to the action of a fuel mixture consisting of ethylene and hydrogen, and the action of a nitriding gas consisting of ammonia, under a pressure of less than 100 hPa and at a temperature from about 750 to about 1050 ° C.
- the supply of carbon is made by the direct dissociation of a hydrocarbon, in this case ethylene, in the enclosure of a vacuum furnace, and the supply of nitrogen comes from the dissociation.
- a hydrocarbon in this case ethylene
- nitrogen comes from the dissociation.
- ammonia gas depending on the thermally activated reaction: 2NH 3 ⁇ N 2 + 3H 2 .
- this carbonitriding temperatures treatment more higher than those usually used for this type of reaction, which were usually in a range from 400 to 600 ° C.
- the dissociation reaction of ammonia is thermodynamically total, but its kinetics is weak. As a result, it still exists at level of the ammonia part to be dissociated, generating active nascent nitrogen. It is for this reason that ammonia can be used for nitrogen supply.
- the pressure used can be particularly in the range of 10 to 100 hPa.
- One of the other advantages of the invention is to be able to enrich the surface of the carbon and nitrogen part in a range of much wider temperature, from around 750 to around 1050 ° C, depending on the enrichment sequences considered.
- the use of the reaction of dissociation of ethylene at low pressure allows be able to provide carbon from 750 ° C and thus lowering the temperature to benefit from a power nitriding more important ammonia because the availability of atomic nitrogen useful for diffusion, is greater. This increases the possibilities for surface carbon enrichment and in nitrogen.
- the carbonitriding either by subjecting said parts to the simultaneous action of the fuel and gas mixture nitriding, either by subjecting said parts to the successive action of the fuel and gas mixture nitriding.
- the method of the invention can include an additional processing step vacuum diffusion of the parts, after they have been subjected to the action of the fuel and gas mixture nitriding.
- Such treatment can be carried out at a temperature from about 750 to about 1050 ° C, under pressures not exceeding 100 hPa.
- Metallic alloys susceptible to be treated by the process of the invention can be of various types. We can in particular use cobalt-based steels and superalloys. Among steels, the process advantageously applies to treatment of passivable steels, containing by example 2 to 9% chromium and to the treatment of steels stainless steel containing for example 9 to 18% chromium, thanks to the low pressure technique. The treatment of such steels allows more enrich nitrogen to a high degree up to 4%.
- Nitrogen can also partly enter into a solid solution in the matrix, its beneficial action in this form on the corrosion resistance already recognized.
- the method of the invention so allows on these steels to get in the layer superficial, the C / N ratio offering the best compromise for desired strength properties wear and / or corrosion resistance, by example.
- the method of the invention allows, by expanding the temperature range, by possibility to link in a simple way different simultaneous or alternating enrichment sequences in carbon and / or nitrogen, to realize gradients in very varied carbon and nitrogen and this on steels very diverse, even passive.
- the subject of the invention is also steel parts obtained by this process.
- These parts can be, for example, steel parts passivable comprising 2 to 9% chromium, which are enriched in nitrogen on their surface up to a content 2% by mass, or stainless steel parts comprising 9 to 18% chromium, which are enriched in nitrogen on their surface up to a content of 4% mass.
- a so-called double vacuum oven can be used with hot walls or an oven with cold walls, such as the devices described in FR-A-2 663 953.
- steps 6) and 7) can be repeated several times if necessary.
- the pressure in the tank is preferably maintained at approximately 25 hPa.
- a preliminary austenitization step is carried out under vacuum at 10 -2 hPa, at a temperature of 850 ° C., for 30 minutes.
- Steps 6) and 7) are then carried out under the conditions given in table 2.
- the reference of the alloys used, the compositions of which are given in table 1, has also been specified.
- step 6) corresponds to carbonitriding with simultaneous shipment ethylene and ammonia and step 7) is a diffusion treatment under vacuum.
- step 6) corresponds to carbonitriding with simultaneous shipment ethylene and ammonia (at a lower rate) and step 7) is a nitriding treatment with ammonia alone.
- step 6) corresponds to a carburetion and step 7) to a nitriding.
- step 6) corresponds to carbonitriding with simultaneous shipment ethylene and ammonia, but the ammonia flow is very high and step 7) is a diffusion processing under vacuum.
- step 6 which corresponds to a carbonitriding by simultaneous shipment of ethylene and of ammonia, for a longer period than that of previous examples.
- the process of the invention is therefore very advantageous because it leads to degrees of enrichment much higher nitrogen than we can get with the conventional methods of carbonitriding where the nitrogen content at the surface are at most about 0.3%
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Solid-Phase Diffusion Into Metallic Material Surfaces (AREA)
- Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Inorganic Fibers (AREA)
- Ceramic Products (AREA)
Description
Acier | C | Ni | Cr | Mo | V | Al |
20 NC 6 | 0,17 | 1,60 | 0,85 | |||
27 CD 4 | 0,27 | 1,0 | 0,2 | |||
20 CD 12 | 0,25 | 3,0 | 0,4 | |||
32 CDV 13 | 0,30 | 3,0 | 1,0 | 0,20 | ||
40 CAD 6.12 | 0,40 | 1,8 | 0,25 | 1,0 | ||
20 DN 34.13 | 0,20 | 3,0 | 3,5 | |||
Z 15 CN 17.03 | 0,16 | 2,0 | 17,0 | |||
Z 12 CNDV 12 | 0,12 | 2,5 | 11,5 | 1,6 | 0,30 |
Ex | Acier | Etape 6) | Etape 7) | |||||||
t (°C) |
durée (min) |
C2H4 (l/h) |
NH3 (l/h) |
P (hPa) |
t (°C) |
durée (min) |
NH3 (l/n) |
P (hPa) |
||
1 | 20NC6 | 850 | 45 | 50 | 300 | 25 | 850 | 45 | - | 0,1 |
2 | 27CD4 | |||||||||
3 | 20NC6 | 850 | 45 | 50 | 100 | 25 | 850 | 45 | 100 | 25 |
4 | 27CD4 | |||||||||
5 | 20NC6 | 850 | 45 | 50 | - | 25 | 850 | 45 | 100 | 25 |
6 | 27CD4 | |||||||||
7 | 27CD4 | |||||||||
8 | 32CVD13 | 850 | 45 | 50 | 600 | 25 | 850 | 45 | - | 0,1 |
9 | Z15CN17.03 | |||||||||
10 | 20NC6 | |||||||||
11 | 27D4 | |||||||||
12 | 20CD12 | |||||||||
13 | 40CAD6.12 | 850 | 360 | 50 | 300 | 25 | ||||
14 | Z12CNDV12 | |||||||||
15 | Z15CN17.03 | |||||||||
16 | 20DN34.13 |
Ex | 1 | 2 | ||
Alliage | 20 NC 6 | 27 CD 4 | ||
Profondeur (mm) |
C % | N % | C % | N % |
0,05 | 0,50 | 0,304 | 0,61 | 0,324 |
0,15 | 0,45 | 0,215 | 0,58 | 0,223 |
0,25 | 0,45 | 0,113 | 0,51 | 0,122 |
0,35 | 0,33 | 0,039 | 0,47 | 0,043 |
coeur | 0,19 | 0,0059 | 0,27 | 0,0080 |
Ex | 3 | 4 | ||
Alliage | 20 NC 6 | 27 CD 4 | ||
Profondeur (mm) |
C % | N % | C % | N % |
0,05 | 0,72 | 0,297 | 0,75 | 0,279 |
0,15 | 0,66 | 0,203 | 0,69 | 0,189 |
0,25 | 0,57 | 0,114 | 0,61 | 0,102 |
0,35 | 0,46 | 0,049 | 0,51 | 0,037 |
coeur | 0,19 | 0,0059 | 0,27 | 0,0081 |
Ex | 5 | 6 | ||
Alliage | 20 NC 6 | 27 CD 4 | ||
Profondeur (mm) |
C % | N % | C % | N % |
0,05 | 0,79 | 0,148 | 0,82 | 0,165 |
0,15 | 0,71 | 0,094 | 0,72 | 0,078 |
0,25 | 0,56 | 0,029 | 0,57 | 0,028 |
0,35 | 0,37 | 0,0092 | 0,44 | 0,012 |
coeur | 0,19 | 0,0059 | 0,27 | 0,0081 |
Ex | 7 | 8 | 9 | |||
Alliage | 27 CD4 | 32CDV13 | Z15CN17.03 | |||
Profondeur (mm) |
C % | N % | C % | N % | C % | N % |
0,05 | 0,63 | 0,22 | 0,34 | 0,73 | 0,89 | 2,00 |
0,15 | 0,58 | 0,19 | 0,60 | 0,29 | 0,77 | 0,08 |
0,25 | 0,54 | 0,12 | 0,55 | 0,03 | 0,33 | 0,05 |
0,35 | 0,46 | 0,05 | 0,44 | 0,01 | 0,20 | 0,05 |
Ex | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | ||||
Alliage | 20NC6 | 27CD4 | 20CD12 | 40CAD6.12 | ||||
Profondeur (mm) |
C % | N % | C % | N % | C % | N % | C % | N % |
0,05 | 0,98 | 0,52 | 0,93 | 0,44 | 0,60 | 0,89 | 0,81 | 0,98 |
0,15 | 0,86 | 0,51 | 0,86 | 0,44 | 0,54 | 0,80 | 0,77 | 0,84 |
0,25 | 0,81 | 0,45 | 0,79 | 0,41 | 0,54 | 0,55 | 0,89 | 0,48 |
0,35 | 0,73 | 0,31 | 0,77 | 0,31 | 0,73 | 0,12 | 0,80 | 0,04 |
0,45 | 0,65 | 0,20 | 0,66 | 0,24 | 0,57 | 0,04 | 0,66 | 0,01 |
0,55 | 0,56 | 0,09 | 0,51 | 0,15 | 0,46 | 0,02 | 0,57 | 0,01 |
Ex | 14 | 15 | 16 | |||
Alliage | Z12CNDV12 | Z15CN17.03 | 20DN34.13 | |||
Profondeur (mm) |
C % | N % | C % | N % | C % | N % |
0,05 | 0,41 | 2,86 | 0,61 | 4,00 | 0,57 | 0,53 |
0,15 | 2,07 | 0,26 | 2,45 | 0,36 | 0,53 | 0,41 |
0,25 | 1,32 | 0,07 | 1,21 | 0,08 | 0,50 | 0,31 |
0,35 | 1,62 | 0,04 | 0,51 | 0,05 | 0,46 | 0,19 |
0,45 | 0,22 | 0,03 | 0,26 | 0,04 | 0,40 | 0,11 |
0,55 | 0,14 | 0,03 | 0,20 | 0,04 | 0,35 | 0,08 |
Claims (12)
- Procédé de carbonitruration de pièces en alliage métallique, dans lequel on soumet lesdites pièces à l'action d'un mélange carburant constitué d'éthylène et d'hydrogène et à l'action d'un gaz nitrurant constitué d'ammoniac, sous une pression inférieure à 100 hPa et à une température d'environ 750 à 1050°C.
- Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel la pression est de 10 à 100 hPa.
- Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 et 2, dans lequel l'alliage métallique est un acier.
- Procédé selon la revendication 3, dans lequel les débits d'éthylène et d'ammoniac, la température et la durée du traitement par le mélange carburant et le gaz nitrurant sont choisis de façon à obtenir un enrichissement en azote de la surface de la pièce pouvant aller jusqu'à 4 % en masse.
- Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, dans lequel l'alliage métallique est un acier passivable comprenant 2 à 9 % en masse de chrome.
- Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, dans lequel l'alliage métallique est un acier inoxydable comprenant 9 à 18 % en masse de chrome.
- Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, dans lequel on soumet lesdites pièces à l'action simultanée du mélange carburant et du gaz nitrurant.
- Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, dans lequel on soumet lesdites pièces successivement à l'action du mélange carburant, puis à l'action du gaz nitrurant.
- Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, dans lequel on soumet les pièces 1) à l'action simultanée du mélange carburant et du gaz nitrurant, puis 2) à l'action du gaz nitrurant seul.
- Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9, dans lequel après avoir soumis les pièces à l'action du mélange carburant et du gaz nitrurant, on soumet les pièces à un traitement de diffusion sous vide, à une température d'environ 750 à 1050°C.
- Procédé selon la revendication 5, dans lequel on enrichit en azote la surface de ladite pièce jusqu'à une teneur de 2 % en masse.
- Procédé selon la revendication 6, dans lequel on enrichit en azote la surface de ladite pièce jusqu'à une teneur de 4 % en masse.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9805311A FR2777911B1 (fr) | 1998-04-28 | 1998-04-28 | Procede de carbonitruration a basse pression de pieces en alliage metallique |
FR9805311 | 1998-04-28 | ||
PCT/FR1999/000998 WO1999055928A1 (fr) | 1998-04-28 | 1999-04-27 | Procede de carbonitruration a basse pression de pieces en alliage metallique |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1080243A1 EP1080243A1 (fr) | 2001-03-07 |
EP1080243B1 true EP1080243B1 (fr) | 2002-07-17 |
Family
ID=9525752
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP99915850A Expired - Lifetime EP1080243B1 (fr) | 1998-04-28 | 1999-04-27 | Procede de carbonitruration a basse pression de pieces en alliage metallique |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1080243B1 (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE220732T1 (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2326239C (fr) |
DE (1) | DE69902169T2 (fr) |
ES (1) | ES2179639T3 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2777911B1 (fr) |
PT (1) | PT1080243E (fr) |
TW (1) | TW460620B (fr) |
WO (1) | WO1999055928A1 (fr) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8303731B2 (en) | 2005-04-19 | 2012-11-06 | Ecm Technologies | Low pressure carbonitriding method and device |
CN103946411A (zh) * | 2011-10-31 | 2014-07-23 | 标致·雪铁龙汽车公司 | 在初始渗氮阶段上在扩展的温度范围内的低压碳氮共渗方法 |
US9212416B2 (en) | 2009-08-07 | 2015-12-15 | Swagelok Company | Low temperature carburization under soft vacuum |
Families Citing this family (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
ATE274073T1 (de) * | 2000-05-24 | 2004-09-15 | Ipsen Int Gmbh | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur wärmebehandlung metallischer werkstücke |
DE10118494C2 (de) * | 2001-04-04 | 2003-12-11 | Aichelin Gesmbh Moedling | Verfahren zur Niederdruck-Carbonitrierung von Stahlteilen |
AU2002221138A1 (en) * | 2001-12-13 | 2003-06-23 | Koyo Thermo Systems Co., Ltd. | Vacuum carbo-nitriding method |
DE102004058838B4 (de) * | 2004-12-06 | 2007-11-29 | Schramm, Armin | Düseneinsatz aus Stahl |
WO2012048669A1 (fr) * | 2010-10-11 | 2012-04-19 | Ipsen International Gmbh | Procédé et dispositif de carburation et carbonitruration de matériaux métalliques |
FR2981948B1 (fr) * | 2011-10-31 | 2014-01-03 | Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa | Procede de carbonitruration basse pression, a gradient reduit de temperature dans une phase de nitruration initiale |
EP2804965B1 (fr) | 2012-01-20 | 2020-09-16 | Swagelok Company | Écoulement concourant de gaz d'activation pour carburation à basse température |
EP3802903A1 (fr) * | 2018-06-11 | 2021-04-14 | Swagelok Company | Activation chimique de métaux d'auto-passivation |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CA692161A (en) * | 1964-08-11 | N. Ipsen Harold | Method of heat treating metal parts | |
DE2336680A1 (de) * | 1973-07-19 | 1975-01-30 | Degussa | Verfahren zum gasnitrieren von staehlen im unterdruckbereich |
FR2288785A2 (fr) * | 1974-10-21 | 1976-05-21 | Air Liquide | Procede de traitement thermique de l'acier et de controle dudit traitement |
FR2271295A1 (en) * | 1973-12-21 | 1975-12-12 | Air Liquide | Gas mixtures for heat treating steel - esp. for controlled carburisation |
-
1998
- 1998-04-28 FR FR9805311A patent/FR2777911B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1999
- 1999-04-27 PT PT99915850T patent/PT1080243E/pt unknown
- 1999-04-27 TW TW088106769A patent/TW460620B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-04-27 AT AT99915850T patent/ATE220732T1/de active
- 1999-04-27 ES ES99915850T patent/ES2179639T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-04-27 DE DE69902169T patent/DE69902169T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-04-27 CA CA002326239A patent/CA2326239C/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-04-27 EP EP99915850A patent/EP1080243B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-04-27 WO PCT/FR1999/000998 patent/WO1999055928A1/fr active IP Right Grant
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8303731B2 (en) | 2005-04-19 | 2012-11-06 | Ecm Technologies | Low pressure carbonitriding method and device |
US8784575B2 (en) | 2005-04-19 | 2014-07-22 | Ecm Technologies | Low pressure carbonitriding method and device |
EP1885904B2 (fr) † | 2005-04-19 | 2017-02-01 | Ecm Technologies | Procede de carbonitruration a basse pression |
US9212416B2 (en) | 2009-08-07 | 2015-12-15 | Swagelok Company | Low temperature carburization under soft vacuum |
CN103946411A (zh) * | 2011-10-31 | 2014-07-23 | 标致·雪铁龙汽车公司 | 在初始渗氮阶段上在扩展的温度范围内的低压碳氮共渗方法 |
CN103946411B (zh) * | 2011-10-31 | 2016-01-20 | 标致·雪铁龙汽车公司 | 在初始渗氮阶段上在扩展的温度范围内的低压碳氮共渗方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2326239C (fr) | 2008-02-19 |
ATE220732T1 (de) | 2002-08-15 |
TW460620B (en) | 2001-10-21 |
DE69902169D1 (de) | 2002-08-22 |
ES2179639T3 (es) | 2003-01-16 |
FR2777911B1 (fr) | 2000-07-28 |
WO1999055928A1 (fr) | 1999-11-04 |
FR2777911A1 (fr) | 1999-10-29 |
DE69902169T2 (de) | 2003-02-27 |
EP1080243A1 (fr) | 2001-03-07 |
PT1080243E (pt) | 2002-12-31 |
CA2326239A1 (fr) | 1999-11-04 |
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