EP1817438B1 - Alliage de cuivre peu sensible aux migrations - Google Patents
Alliage de cuivre peu sensible aux migrations Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1817438B1 EP1817438B1 EP06840971A EP06840971A EP1817438B1 EP 1817438 B1 EP1817438 B1 EP 1817438B1 EP 06840971 A EP06840971 A EP 06840971A EP 06840971 A EP06840971 A EP 06840971A EP 1817438 B1 EP1817438 B1 EP 1817438B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- weight
- alloy
- components
- copper alloy
- copper
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Revoked
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
- C22C9/04—Alloys based on copper with zinc as the next major constituent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
- C22C9/10—Alloys based on copper with silicon as the next major constituent
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the use of a copper alloy.
- the present invention relates to the use of a low-migration copper alloy for the production of components for gas and sanitary installation, especially for components that are used in drinking water installation and directly with the in the components, usually pipes, fittings and fittings, led drinking water get in touch.
- the GB-1 443 090 discloses a dezincification-enhanced copper alloy having between 80 and 90 weight percent copper, between 6.3 and 17.5 weight percent zinc, and between 2.8 and 4.75 weight percent silicon as essential alloying ingredients between 0.03 and 0.05% by weight of arsenic.
- 443,090 proposed a heat treatment of the cast parts. In this heat treatment, the cast parts are annealed at temperatures between 600 ° C and 750 ° C for a period of 5 to 10 days and then quenched. This heat treatment is carried out with the aim of obtaining the ⁇ and ⁇ phases to be preferred in view of the corrosion. By quenching in particular the formation of phases is to be avoided, the corrosion resistance is low, so the ⁇ - and ⁇ -phase.
- a copper alloy containing up to 10% by weight of aluminum is known and up to 5 wt .-% iron and which is used for the production of water-bearing components of water installations.
- this alloy shows inadequate corrosion behavior and, in particular, excessive migration of metal ions into the water.
- the invention seeks to provide an advantageous use of a low-migration copper alloy, as well as components which correspond to this use.
- the copper alloy used is particularly suitable for the production of media-carrying gas or water pipes and their parts and has a good corrosion resistance to the media, good strength and good machinability and castability. In terms of machinability, in particular, the chipping properties of the copper alloy are important.
- a copper alloy with the features of claim 1 is proposed with this.
- This copper alloy comprises between 2 and 4.5% by weight of silicon, between 1 and 15% by weight of zinc and between 0.05 and 2% by weight of manganese.
- the copper alloy may contain between 0.05 and 0.5% by weight of aluminum and / or between 0.05 and 2% by weight of tin.
- the remainder of the alloy contains copper and unavoidable impurities. These impurities are preferably limited to a content of 0.5% by weight. Most preferably, the upper limit for the impurities is 0.25%. This upper limit applies in particular to the cumulative nickel and lead content in the alloy, which has proven to be a particularly effective measure for suppressing the migration of lead or nickel.
- the alloy is preferably free of lead and / or nickel.
- a lead-free alloy an alloy is considered in which the content of lead is less than 0.25%.
- the nickel-free alloy is considered to be an alloy in which the nickel content is less than 0.15%.
- the alloy should contain between 0.01 and 0.05 wt% zircon.
- the zirconium content should be between 0.01% and 0.03% by weight; more preferably, the upper limit is set at 0.02 wt%. This interval essentially applies all cast components except sand castings. Grain refining usually results only from 0.01% by weight; above 0.02% by weight, the risk of zirconium formation in the grain boundary region increases. Zircon improves the solidification morphology and reduces the formation of hot cracks, especially during chill casting. In particular, in castings, which are made by sand casting, however, can be dispensed with a deliberate addition of zirconium. In these components, the zirconium content may be below 0.01 wt%, preferably even below 5 ppm (0.0005%).
- the preferred zirconia upper limit of 0.02% should be maintained to avoid zirconia formation in the grain boundary region of the microstructure leading to increased tool wear during machining of the alloyed water-pipe components.
- phosphorus should be provided with certain proportions.
- Phosphorus is preferably present at a level of from 0.01% to 0.2% by weight.
- Phosphorus is controlled in particular with a view to improving the castability (flow and feeding behavior of the alloy) within the limits specified.
- phosphorus reduces the dezincification of the alloy and improves the corrosion resistance.
- the alloy shows a good casting behavior.
- the components produced by casting can be easily machined. Tests on specimens have shown that the strength meets the requirements to be met.
- the corrosion resistance of the alloy is high. It has been shown that by controlling the phosphorus content in the alloy, the scrap rate in the castings can be limited. Accordingly, the degree of impurity of phosphorus is preferably controlled in a range of 0.01 to 0.05% by weight.
- the aluminum content of the copper alloy used is set with respect to the corrosion resistance thereof. At present, it is considered that good corrosion resistance can be obtained with an aluminum content of between 0.05 and 0.5% by weight. Without significant loss of quality, the upper limit of the aluminum content may be set to 0.4% by weight.
- the components in question for media-carrying lines easily with the usual casting process, for example in sand, mold, spin or continuous casting can be produced.
- the cooling conditions from the melt there are no special requirements.
- the casting thus obtained can be processed well spanariad.
- the casting is preferably annealed at between 400 ° C and 800 ° C for at least half an hour.
- the heat treatment is carried out in a temperature interval of between 600 ° C and 700 ° C.
- the glow time can be any length. In terms of economic constraints, however, this is set at between 2 and 16 hours. In this glow time, the Aufzeitphase is not included.
- the annealing takes place in particular with the aim of adjusting the ⁇ -phase in the cast component, which, according to the present inventions, enables the combination of different properties to be achieved. It should be noted, however, that even the vast majority of the necessary alloying elements copper, zinc and silicon solidifies in a natural cooling from the melt without separate heat treatment in the form of ⁇ -mixed crystals.
- the upper limit of the silicon content is set to 4.5 wt% not least in view of the machinability of the alloy.
- the zinc content used in the copper alloy used is limited to 15% by weight.
- a minimum content of 1% by weight of zinc guarantees a minimum of machinability.
- Manganese is added to the alloy within the limits of 0.05 to 2% by weight in order to improve the microstructure. Manganese refines the microstructure and positively influences the solidification behavior of the copper alloy. However, the manganese content is limited to 2% by weight in consideration of the migration tendency of manganese.
- Limiting the sum of the impurities to a maximum of 0.5% by weight limits the content of ingredients that may possibly migrate into the drinking water to a minimum that is also economically desirable. With a further limited upper limit of the unavoidable impurities of 0.25% by weight, a higher security against migration, but at the expense of manufacturing costs, can be achieved.
- the alloy used contains between 5 and 15% by weight of zinc. In this limited interval, the best possible combination of corrosion resistance and machinability can be achieved.
- the silicon content is set at between 2.8% by weight and 4% by weight.
- the content is preferably set at 0.2 to 0.6 wt .-%.
- the alloy preferably contains no nickel or lead at all for the same reasons.
- the copper content in the alloy should be at least 80 and not more than 96.95% by weight.
- Water pipes proposed. These include, in particular, such components Understand which drinking water pipes form, in particular fittings and fittings and parts thereof.
- a compression connector made of the copper alloy according to the invention is preferably a compression connector made of the copper alloy according to the invention.
- the compression connectors can either be designed as separate components or be provided with material or positive fit to the fitting or the fitting.
- the press connectors can be realized as integral components in the casting of the fitting or the fitting of the copper alloy according to the invention.
- the cast alloy used is particularly suitable for producing an element of a press connection arrangement, as for example from the EP 0 343 395 or the DE 10 2004 031 247 is known.
- the Fig. 1 to 4 show the time course of the release of certain metal ions in a measurement arrangement according to DIN 50931-1 over a total period of 26 weeks.
- the DIN specifies the examination arrangement and the examination conditions, with the help of which the corrosion likelihood of materials for metallic components of a drinking water installation can be determined in case of corrosive contamination of drinking water.
- the measurement results with the exemplary embodiment of the related copper alloy according to the invention are marked with A.
- the comparison measurement with the gunmetal alloy with B.
- FIGS. 1 to 3 In addition to the aforementioned comparison contain the FIGS. 1 to 3 also a limit value according to the German Drinking Water Ordinance (TrinkwV) for the delivery of certain ions to water and the parameter value W (15) to be observed during migration experiments.
- This parameter value W (15) must be adhered to if it is intended to avoid exceeding the value of the TrinkwV when using the tested component.
- the parameter value W (15) results from the product of the limit value according to the TrinkwV and the ratio of the form factors A and B.
- the form factor A results according to DIN 50931-1 from the ratio of the water-wetted surface of the material to the water-contacting surface of the entire test section.
- the form factor B is a standardization factor in accordance with DIN 50930-6, which takes into account the type of components.
- Fig. 1 clarifies that the lead release quantity of the gunmetal alloy from a very high value, greater than 50 ⁇ g / l, drops almost exponentially within the first four weeks of the test to a value which is just above the limit of the German PrincipalwV of 10 ⁇ g / l after 12 until 26 weeks of trial. At the beginning of the tests, this significant excess is attributed to the fact that lead, which had been introduced to the surface of the component to be tested, migrated into the drinking water as a result of the processing and production of the test part. After the first few weeks, the near-surface lead has migrated out of the sample and the amount of discharged lead remains approximately constant.
- the embodiment of the invention A are on the drinking water as good as no lead. Even an increased value at the beginning of the experiments can not be seen. Since the measured values are at the limit of the resolution of the measurement analysis, the fluctuations in the measured values are attributed to the measuring accuracy of the measuring apparatus. Essentially, the measured value for the lead release for the sample used remains well below the limit value of the drinking water consumption of 10 ⁇ g / l.
- the comparison sample from the gunmetal alloy shows a typical course in which the conventional alloy after nine weeks exceeds the limit according to the German TrinkwV, after a maximum in about the 18th Week slowly back to the limit value of the TrinkwV.
- the increase in the nickel concentration in drinking water can not be explained exactly by the gunmetal alloy B so far. The increase is reproducible.
- the limit issued by the TrinkwV is not met.
- the copper alloy used A no significant nickel ions from the drinking water.
- the measured values of about 2 ⁇ g / l are in the range of the resolution of the analysis related to the measuring instruments.
- Fig. 4 the amount of zinc released by the alloy into the drinking water.
- no limit is set according to the TrinkwV.
- the course for the zinc release in the copper alloy A used differs considerably from the corresponding course for the comparative alloy B.
- the migration of the embodiment A of the alloy used of zinc is below 100 ⁇ g / l at all times.
- the conventional alloy B exceeds this value many times.
- the in the Fig. 1 to 4 The diagrams shown illustrate the advantages of the copper alloy used, in particular the influence of silicon to suppress unwanted metal ion migration into the drinking water.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Domestic Plumbing Installations (AREA)
- Rigid Pipes And Flexible Pipes (AREA)
- Conductive Materials (AREA)
- Parts Printed On Printed Circuit Boards (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Claims (17)
- Utilisation d'un alliage de cuivre pour la fabrication de pièces pour des conduites de gaz ou d'eau guidant un fluide, en particulier des conduites d'eau potable ainsi que des raccords et accessoires pour ces conduites, l'alliage en cuivre comprenant, en % en poids :2,8 ≤ Si ≤ 4,5 ;1 ≤ Zn ≤ 15 ;0,05 ≤ Mn ≤ 2 ;80 ≤ Cu ≤ 96,95comprenant en outre facultativement ;0,05 ≤ Al ≤ 0,5 ;0,05 ≤ Sn ≤ 2 ;0,0005 ≤ Zr ≤ 0,050,01 ≤ P ≤ 0,2et des impuretés inévitables.
- Utilisation selon la revendication 1,
caractérisée en ce que l'alliage de cuivre est utilisé pour la fabrication de raccords à serrer. - Utilisation selon la revendication 1,
caractérisé en ce que l'alliage de cuivre est utilisé pour la fabrication d'accessoires de tuyauterie avec un raccord serré fixe. - Utilisation selon la revendication 1,
caractérisée en ce que 5 % en poids ≤ Zn ≤ 15 % en poids. - Utilisation selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisée en ce que 0,2 % en poids ≤ Mn ≤ 0,6 % en poids.
- Utilisation selon la revendication 5,
caractérisée en ce que les impuretés inévitables sont comprises à une teneur ne dépassant pas au total 0,5 % en poids. - Utilisation selon la revendication 6,
caractérisée en ce que les impuretés inévitables sont comprises à une teneur ne dépassant pas au total 0,25 % en poids. - Utilisation selon la revendication 6 ou 7, caractérisée en ce que Ni et/ou Pb sont compris en tant qu'impuretés inévitables à une teneur ne dépassant pas au total 0,25 % en poids.
- Pièces pour conduites de gaz ou d'eau guidant un fluide, en particulier des conduites d'eau potable ainsi que des raccords et accessoires pour ces conduites, consistant au moins en partie en alliage en cuivre qui comprend en % en poids :2,8 ≤ Si ≤ 4,5 ;1 ≤ Zn ≤ 15 ;0,05 ≤ Mn ≤ 2 ;80 ≤ Cu ≤ 96,95comprenant en outre facultativement ;0,05 ≤ Al ≤ 0,5 ;0,05 ≤ Sn ≤ 2 ;0,0005 ≤ Zr ≤ 0,050,01 ≤ P ≤ 0,2et des impuretés inévitables.
- Pièce selon la revendication 9, caractérisée en ce que les éléments Cu, Zn et Si sont présents à plus de 98 % en poids sous la forme d'un cristal mixte alpha.
- Pièce selon la revendication 9 ou 10, caractérisée en ce que les pièces sont des raccords à serrer.
- Pièce selon l'une quelconque des revendications 9 à 11, caractérisée en ce que les pièces sont des accessoires de tuyauterie avec un raccord serré fixe.
- Pièce selon l'une quelconque des revendications 9 à 12, caractérisée en ce que 5 % en poids < Zn < 15 % en poids.
- Pièce selon l'une quelconque des revendications 9 à 13, caractérisée en ce que 0,2 % en poids < Mn < 0,6 % en poids.
- Pièce selon la revendication 14, caractérisée en ce que les impuretés inévitables sont comprises à une teneur ne dépassant pas au total 0,5 % en poids.
- Pièce selon la revendication 14, caractérisée en ce que les impuretés inévitables sont comprises à une teneur ne dépassant pas au total 0,25 % en poids.
- Pièce selon l'une quelconque des revendications 15 ou 16, caractérisée en ce que Ni et/ou Pb sont compris en tant qu'impuretés inévitables à une teneur ne dépassant pas au total 0,25 % en poids.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP06840971A EP1817438B1 (fr) | 2005-12-14 | 2006-12-13 | Alliage de cuivre peu sensible aux migrations |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP05027341.6A EP1798298B2 (fr) | 2005-12-14 | 2005-12-14 | Utilisation d'un alliage de cuivre à faible migration et pièces en cet alliage |
EP06840971A EP1817438B1 (fr) | 2005-12-14 | 2006-12-13 | Alliage de cuivre peu sensible aux migrations |
PCT/EP2006/012008 WO2007068470A1 (fr) | 2005-12-14 | 2006-12-13 | Alliage de cuivre peu sensible aux migrations |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1817438A1 EP1817438A1 (fr) | 2007-08-15 |
EP1817438B1 true EP1817438B1 (fr) | 2008-10-01 |
Family
ID=36499302
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP05027341.6A Active EP1798298B2 (fr) | 2005-12-14 | 2005-12-14 | Utilisation d'un alliage de cuivre à faible migration et pièces en cet alliage |
EP06840971A Revoked EP1817438B1 (fr) | 2005-12-14 | 2006-12-13 | Alliage de cuivre peu sensible aux migrations |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP05027341.6A Active EP1798298B2 (fr) | 2005-12-14 | 2005-12-14 | Utilisation d'un alliage de cuivre à faible migration et pièces en cet alliage |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20090214380A1 (fr) |
EP (2) | EP1798298B2 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP4838859B2 (fr) |
AT (2) | ATE380259T1 (fr) |
DE (2) | DE502005002181D1 (fr) |
ES (2) | ES2297598T5 (fr) |
NO (1) | NO20083081L (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2007068470A1 (fr) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102013012288A1 (de) | 2013-07-24 | 2015-01-29 | Wieland-Werke Ag | Korngefeinte Kupfer-Gusslegierung |
Families Citing this family (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
PL1801250T3 (pl) * | 2005-12-22 | 2018-02-28 | Viega Technology Gmbh & Co. Kg | Części konstrukcyjne ze stopu miedzi o niskiej migracji przeznaczone do instalacji mediów lub wody pitnej |
DE102007059182B4 (de) | 2007-12-06 | 2017-04-13 | Viega Gmbh & Co. Kg | Verfahren zum Herstellen einer unlösbaren Verbindung sowie unlösbare Verbindung zwischen einem Fitting und einem Rohr, Fitting für ein Rohr mit einem vorgegebenen Innendurchmesser und lösbare Verbindung zwischen mindestens einem Fitting und einem Fittinggrundkörper |
EP2290114A1 (fr) | 2009-08-04 | 2011-03-02 | Gebr. Kemper GmbH + Co. KG Metallwerke | Composant pour conduite d'eau |
DE202009016240U1 (de) | 2009-11-27 | 2010-04-29 | Weihmann, Andreas, Dipl.-Designer | Wassergewinnungssystemtechnologie |
DE102010055055B3 (de) * | 2010-12-17 | 2012-05-10 | Wieland-Werke Ag | Verwendung einer Kupfer-Zinn-Mehrstoffbronze |
DE102012013817A1 (de) * | 2012-07-12 | 2014-01-16 | Wieland-Werke Ag | Formteile aus korrosionsbeständigen Kupferlegierungen |
DE202016101661U1 (de) | 2016-03-29 | 2017-06-30 | Geberit International Ag | Bauteil für medienführende Gas- oder Wasserleitungen |
CN106011528A (zh) * | 2016-05-18 | 2016-10-12 | 来安县赛华管业有限公司 | 用于饮用水管的环保合金管材 |
DE102018004702A1 (de) | 2018-06-12 | 2019-12-12 | Gebr. Kemper Gmbh + Co. Kg Metallwerke | Formteile aus einer korrosionsbeständigen und zerspanbaren Kupferlegierung |
DE202019101597U1 (de) * | 2019-03-20 | 2019-04-23 | Otto Fuchs - Kommanditgesellschaft - | Cu-Zn-Legierung |
GB2614752B (en) | 2022-01-18 | 2024-07-31 | Conex Ipr Ltd | Components for drinking water pipes, and method for manufacturing same |
Family Cites Families (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CH148195A (de) * | 1930-05-27 | 1931-07-15 | Hirsch Kupfer & Messingwerke | Kupfer-Silizium-Zinklegierung. |
DE585002C (de) * | 1930-05-28 | 1933-09-27 | Hirsch Kupfer Und Messingwerke | Kupfer-Silicium-Zink-Legierung |
AU465605B2 (en) | 1971-08-11 | 1975-10-02 | Toyo Valve Co., Ltd | Copper rase alloy |
GB1443090A (en) | 1974-03-25 | 1976-07-21 | Anaconda Co | Silicon brass resistant to partin corrosion- |
JPS5837143A (ja) * | 1981-08-27 | 1983-03-04 | Furukawa Electric Co Ltd:The | 高強度耐食銅合金 |
ES2090022T3 (es) | 1988-05-25 | 1996-10-16 | Nussbaum & Co Ag R | Union por prensado: tubo-accesorio y procedimiento para la fabricacion. |
WO1994024325A1 (fr) * | 1993-04-16 | 1994-10-27 | Ideal-Standard Gmbh | Alliage de laiton |
DE4324008C2 (de) * | 1993-07-17 | 2003-03-27 | Km Europa Metal Ag | Verwendung einer korrosionsbeständigen Legierung auf Kupferbasis |
DE4326550C1 (de) * | 1993-08-07 | 1994-11-24 | Sprenger Herm Gmbh Co Kg | Verwendung einer Kupferlegierung zur Herstellung von Pferdegebissen bzw. Teilen davon |
JP3734372B2 (ja) | 1998-10-12 | 2006-01-11 | 三宝伸銅工業株式会社 | 無鉛快削性銅合金 |
JP3961529B2 (ja) * | 2002-09-09 | 2007-08-22 | 三宝伸銅工業株式会社 | 高強度銅合金 |
DE10308778B3 (de) * | 2003-02-28 | 2004-08-12 | Wieland-Werke Ag | Bleifreie Kupferlegierung und deren Verwendung |
CH696672A5 (de) | 2003-10-01 | 2007-09-14 | Nussbaum & Co Ag R | Armatur. |
DE102004013181B3 (de) * | 2004-03-17 | 2005-09-22 | Federal-Mogul Nürnberg GmbH | Kolben für einen Verbrennungsmotor, Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Kolbens sowie Verwendung einer Kupferlegierung zur Herstellung eines Kolbens |
-
2005
- 2005-12-14 ES ES05027341.6T patent/ES2297598T5/es active Active
- 2005-12-14 DE DE502005002181T patent/DE502005002181D1/de active Active
- 2005-12-14 AT AT05027341T patent/ATE380259T1/de active
- 2005-12-14 EP EP05027341.6A patent/EP1798298B2/fr active Active
-
2006
- 2006-12-13 DE DE502006001675T patent/DE502006001675D1/de active Active
- 2006-12-13 EP EP06840971A patent/EP1817438B1/fr not_active Revoked
- 2006-12-13 ES ES06840971T patent/ES2314946T3/es active Active
- 2006-12-13 WO PCT/EP2006/012008 patent/WO2007068470A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2006-12-13 JP JP2008544870A patent/JP4838859B2/ja active Active
- 2006-12-13 US US12/095,615 patent/US20090214380A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2006-12-13 AT AT06840971T patent/ATE409753T1/de active
-
2008
- 2008-07-09 NO NO20083081A patent/NO20083081L/no not_active Application Discontinuation
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102013012288A1 (de) | 2013-07-24 | 2015-01-29 | Wieland-Werke Ag | Korngefeinte Kupfer-Gusslegierung |
WO2015010768A1 (fr) | 2013-07-24 | 2015-01-29 | Wieland-Werke Ag | Alliage de fonderie en cuivre à grains affinés comprenant du fer et du bore |
EP3260561A1 (fr) | 2013-07-24 | 2017-12-27 | Wieland-Werke AG | Affinement de grains d'alliages de coulée cuivre/zinc/silicium à l'aide de fer et de bore |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ATE409753T1 (de) | 2008-10-15 |
DE502006001675D1 (de) | 2008-11-13 |
ES2297598T5 (es) | 2016-06-03 |
WO2007068470A1 (fr) | 2007-06-21 |
EP1817438A1 (fr) | 2007-08-15 |
EP1798298B2 (fr) | 2016-05-04 |
JP4838859B2 (ja) | 2011-12-14 |
ES2297598T3 (es) | 2008-05-01 |
EP1798298A1 (fr) | 2007-06-20 |
EP1798298B1 (fr) | 2007-12-05 |
JP2009519377A (ja) | 2009-05-14 |
US20090214380A1 (en) | 2009-08-27 |
ATE380259T1 (de) | 2007-12-15 |
DE502005002181D1 (de) | 2008-01-17 |
ES2314946T3 (es) | 2009-03-16 |
NO20083081L (no) | 2008-07-09 |
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