EP1817438B1 - Low-migration copper alloy - Google Patents
Low-migration copper alloy Download PDFInfo
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- EP1817438B1 EP1817438B1 EP06840971A EP06840971A EP1817438B1 EP 1817438 B1 EP1817438 B1 EP 1817438B1 EP 06840971 A EP06840971 A EP 06840971A EP 06840971 A EP06840971 A EP 06840971A EP 1817438 B1 EP1817438 B1 EP 1817438B1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
- C22C9/04—Alloys based on copper with zinc as the next major constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
- C22C9/10—Alloys based on copper with silicon as the next major constituent
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the use of a copper alloy.
- the present invention relates to the use of a low-migration copper alloy for the production of components for gas and sanitary installation, especially for components that are used in drinking water installation and directly with the in the components, usually pipes, fittings and fittings, led drinking water get in touch.
- the GB-1 443 090 discloses a dezincification-enhanced copper alloy having between 80 and 90 weight percent copper, between 6.3 and 17.5 weight percent zinc, and between 2.8 and 4.75 weight percent silicon as essential alloying ingredients between 0.03 and 0.05% by weight of arsenic.
- 443,090 proposed a heat treatment of the cast parts. In this heat treatment, the cast parts are annealed at temperatures between 600 ° C and 750 ° C for a period of 5 to 10 days and then quenched. This heat treatment is carried out with the aim of obtaining the ⁇ and ⁇ phases to be preferred in view of the corrosion. By quenching in particular the formation of phases is to be avoided, the corrosion resistance is low, so the ⁇ - and ⁇ -phase.
- a copper alloy containing up to 10% by weight of aluminum is known and up to 5 wt .-% iron and which is used for the production of water-bearing components of water installations.
- this alloy shows inadequate corrosion behavior and, in particular, excessive migration of metal ions into the water.
- the invention seeks to provide an advantageous use of a low-migration copper alloy, as well as components which correspond to this use.
- the copper alloy used is particularly suitable for the production of media-carrying gas or water pipes and their parts and has a good corrosion resistance to the media, good strength and good machinability and castability. In terms of machinability, in particular, the chipping properties of the copper alloy are important.
- a copper alloy with the features of claim 1 is proposed with this.
- This copper alloy comprises between 2 and 4.5% by weight of silicon, between 1 and 15% by weight of zinc and between 0.05 and 2% by weight of manganese.
- the copper alloy may contain between 0.05 and 0.5% by weight of aluminum and / or between 0.05 and 2% by weight of tin.
- the remainder of the alloy contains copper and unavoidable impurities. These impurities are preferably limited to a content of 0.5% by weight. Most preferably, the upper limit for the impurities is 0.25%. This upper limit applies in particular to the cumulative nickel and lead content in the alloy, which has proven to be a particularly effective measure for suppressing the migration of lead or nickel.
- the alloy is preferably free of lead and / or nickel.
- a lead-free alloy an alloy is considered in which the content of lead is less than 0.25%.
- the nickel-free alloy is considered to be an alloy in which the nickel content is less than 0.15%.
- the alloy should contain between 0.01 and 0.05 wt% zircon.
- the zirconium content should be between 0.01% and 0.03% by weight; more preferably, the upper limit is set at 0.02 wt%. This interval essentially applies all cast components except sand castings. Grain refining usually results only from 0.01% by weight; above 0.02% by weight, the risk of zirconium formation in the grain boundary region increases. Zircon improves the solidification morphology and reduces the formation of hot cracks, especially during chill casting. In particular, in castings, which are made by sand casting, however, can be dispensed with a deliberate addition of zirconium. In these components, the zirconium content may be below 0.01 wt%, preferably even below 5 ppm (0.0005%).
- the preferred zirconia upper limit of 0.02% should be maintained to avoid zirconia formation in the grain boundary region of the microstructure leading to increased tool wear during machining of the alloyed water-pipe components.
- phosphorus should be provided with certain proportions.
- Phosphorus is preferably present at a level of from 0.01% to 0.2% by weight.
- Phosphorus is controlled in particular with a view to improving the castability (flow and feeding behavior of the alloy) within the limits specified.
- phosphorus reduces the dezincification of the alloy and improves the corrosion resistance.
- the alloy shows a good casting behavior.
- the components produced by casting can be easily machined. Tests on specimens have shown that the strength meets the requirements to be met.
- the corrosion resistance of the alloy is high. It has been shown that by controlling the phosphorus content in the alloy, the scrap rate in the castings can be limited. Accordingly, the degree of impurity of phosphorus is preferably controlled in a range of 0.01 to 0.05% by weight.
- the aluminum content of the copper alloy used is set with respect to the corrosion resistance thereof. At present, it is considered that good corrosion resistance can be obtained with an aluminum content of between 0.05 and 0.5% by weight. Without significant loss of quality, the upper limit of the aluminum content may be set to 0.4% by weight.
- the components in question for media-carrying lines easily with the usual casting process, for example in sand, mold, spin or continuous casting can be produced.
- the cooling conditions from the melt there are no special requirements.
- the casting thus obtained can be processed well spanariad.
- the casting is preferably annealed at between 400 ° C and 800 ° C for at least half an hour.
- the heat treatment is carried out in a temperature interval of between 600 ° C and 700 ° C.
- the glow time can be any length. In terms of economic constraints, however, this is set at between 2 and 16 hours. In this glow time, the Aufzeitphase is not included.
- the annealing takes place in particular with the aim of adjusting the ⁇ -phase in the cast component, which, according to the present inventions, enables the combination of different properties to be achieved. It should be noted, however, that even the vast majority of the necessary alloying elements copper, zinc and silicon solidifies in a natural cooling from the melt without separate heat treatment in the form of ⁇ -mixed crystals.
- the upper limit of the silicon content is set to 4.5 wt% not least in view of the machinability of the alloy.
- the zinc content used in the copper alloy used is limited to 15% by weight.
- a minimum content of 1% by weight of zinc guarantees a minimum of machinability.
- Manganese is added to the alloy within the limits of 0.05 to 2% by weight in order to improve the microstructure. Manganese refines the microstructure and positively influences the solidification behavior of the copper alloy. However, the manganese content is limited to 2% by weight in consideration of the migration tendency of manganese.
- Limiting the sum of the impurities to a maximum of 0.5% by weight limits the content of ingredients that may possibly migrate into the drinking water to a minimum that is also economically desirable. With a further limited upper limit of the unavoidable impurities of 0.25% by weight, a higher security against migration, but at the expense of manufacturing costs, can be achieved.
- the alloy used contains between 5 and 15% by weight of zinc. In this limited interval, the best possible combination of corrosion resistance and machinability can be achieved.
- the silicon content is set at between 2.8% by weight and 4% by weight.
- the content is preferably set at 0.2 to 0.6 wt .-%.
- the alloy preferably contains no nickel or lead at all for the same reasons.
- the copper content in the alloy should be at least 80 and not more than 96.95% by weight.
- Water pipes proposed. These include, in particular, such components Understand which drinking water pipes form, in particular fittings and fittings and parts thereof.
- a compression connector made of the copper alloy according to the invention is preferably a compression connector made of the copper alloy according to the invention.
- the compression connectors can either be designed as separate components or be provided with material or positive fit to the fitting or the fitting.
- the press connectors can be realized as integral components in the casting of the fitting or the fitting of the copper alloy according to the invention.
- the cast alloy used is particularly suitable for producing an element of a press connection arrangement, as for example from the EP 0 343 395 or the DE 10 2004 031 247 is known.
- the Fig. 1 to 4 show the time course of the release of certain metal ions in a measurement arrangement according to DIN 50931-1 over a total period of 26 weeks.
- the DIN specifies the examination arrangement and the examination conditions, with the help of which the corrosion likelihood of materials for metallic components of a drinking water installation can be determined in case of corrosive contamination of drinking water.
- the measurement results with the exemplary embodiment of the related copper alloy according to the invention are marked with A.
- the comparison measurement with the gunmetal alloy with B.
- FIGS. 1 to 3 In addition to the aforementioned comparison contain the FIGS. 1 to 3 also a limit value according to the German Drinking Water Ordinance (TrinkwV) for the delivery of certain ions to water and the parameter value W (15) to be observed during migration experiments.
- This parameter value W (15) must be adhered to if it is intended to avoid exceeding the value of the TrinkwV when using the tested component.
- the parameter value W (15) results from the product of the limit value according to the TrinkwV and the ratio of the form factors A and B.
- the form factor A results according to DIN 50931-1 from the ratio of the water-wetted surface of the material to the water-contacting surface of the entire test section.
- the form factor B is a standardization factor in accordance with DIN 50930-6, which takes into account the type of components.
- Fig. 1 clarifies that the lead release quantity of the gunmetal alloy from a very high value, greater than 50 ⁇ g / l, drops almost exponentially within the first four weeks of the test to a value which is just above the limit of the German PrincipalwV of 10 ⁇ g / l after 12 until 26 weeks of trial. At the beginning of the tests, this significant excess is attributed to the fact that lead, which had been introduced to the surface of the component to be tested, migrated into the drinking water as a result of the processing and production of the test part. After the first few weeks, the near-surface lead has migrated out of the sample and the amount of discharged lead remains approximately constant.
- the embodiment of the invention A are on the drinking water as good as no lead. Even an increased value at the beginning of the experiments can not be seen. Since the measured values are at the limit of the resolution of the measurement analysis, the fluctuations in the measured values are attributed to the measuring accuracy of the measuring apparatus. Essentially, the measured value for the lead release for the sample used remains well below the limit value of the drinking water consumption of 10 ⁇ g / l.
- the comparison sample from the gunmetal alloy shows a typical course in which the conventional alloy after nine weeks exceeds the limit according to the German TrinkwV, after a maximum in about the 18th Week slowly back to the limit value of the TrinkwV.
- the increase in the nickel concentration in drinking water can not be explained exactly by the gunmetal alloy B so far. The increase is reproducible.
- the limit issued by the TrinkwV is not met.
- the copper alloy used A no significant nickel ions from the drinking water.
- the measured values of about 2 ⁇ g / l are in the range of the resolution of the analysis related to the measuring instruments.
- Fig. 4 the amount of zinc released by the alloy into the drinking water.
- no limit is set according to the TrinkwV.
- the course for the zinc release in the copper alloy A used differs considerably from the corresponding course for the comparative alloy B.
- the migration of the embodiment A of the alloy used of zinc is below 100 ⁇ g / l at all times.
- the conventional alloy B exceeds this value many times.
- the in the Fig. 1 to 4 The diagrams shown illustrate the advantages of the copper alloy used, in particular the influence of silicon to suppress unwanted metal ion migration into the drinking water.
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Abstract
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft die Verwendung einer Kupferlegierung. Insbesondere betrifft die vorliegende Erfindung die Verwendung einer migrationsarme Kupferlegierung zur Herstellung von Bauteilen für die Gas- und Sanitärinstallation, speziell für Bauteile, die bei der Trinkwasserinstallation Anwendung finden und unmittelbar mit dem in den Bauteilen, in der Regel Rohre, Fittings und Armaturen, geführten Trinkwasser in Kontakt kommen.The present invention relates to the use of a copper alloy. In particular, the present invention relates to the use of a low-migration copper alloy for the production of components for gas and sanitary installation, especially for components that are used in drinking water installation and directly with the in the components, usually pipes, fittings and fittings, led drinking water get in touch.
Werkstoffe zur Herstellung von Bauteilen für die Gas- und Wasserinstallation unterliegen besonderen Anforderungen, die insbesondere an trinkwasserführende Leitungen und ihre Komponenten gestellt werden. Hier ist zuvorderst die Korrosionsbeständigkeit der Bauteile zu nennen, denn die eingesetzten Bauteile sollen auch bei einem langjährigen Einsatz nicht korrodieren. Darüber hinaus werden besondere Anforderungen an die Herstellbarkeit und die Verarbeitbarkeit gestellt, wobei sich die Legierungen nicht nur einfach und wirtschaftlich gießen lassen müssen, sondern darüber hinaus auch das Erfordernis besteht, dass die gegossenen Bauteile einfach mechanisch zu bearbeiten sind. Dabei ist insbesondere auf eine gute Zerspanbarkeit zu achten. Schließlich müssen die aus der Kupferlegierung hergestellten Bauteile auch für den Einsatzbereich erforderlichen mechanischen Beanspruchungen Stand halten. So wird regelmäßig bei Kupfer-Zinn-Zink-Legierungen eine Zugfestigkeit von mehr als 180 N/mm2 bei einer 0,2%-Dehngrenze von 85 N/mm2 für erforderlich erachtet. Bei Bronzen (Kupfer-Zinn-Legierungen) sollten die Zugfestigkeit bei 240 N/mm2 und die 0,2%-Dehngrenze bei 130 N/mm2 und mehr liegen.Materials for the production of components for the gas and water installation are subject to special requirements, which are placed in particular on drinking water pipes and their components. First and foremost, the corrosion resistance of the components must be mentioned, because the components used should not corrode even after many years of use. In addition, special demands are made on the manufacturability and processability, with the alloys not only having to be simply and economically cast, but also the requirement that the cast components are easy to machine mechanically. Particular attention should be paid to a good machinability. Finally, the components produced from the copper alloy must also withstand the mechanical stresses required for the application. Thus, a tensile strength of more than 180 N / mm 2 at a 0.2% proof stress of 85 N / mm 2 is regularly considered necessary for copper-tin-zinc alloys. For bronzes (copper-tin alloys) the tensile strength should be 240 N / mm 2 and the 0.2% proof stress 130 N / mm 2 and more.
Von besonderem Interesse ist ferner das Verhalten der Werkstoffe hinsichtlich der Abgabe von Ionen der Legierungskomponenten der Werkstoffe bzw. von Reaktionsprodukten mit Wasserinhaltsstoffen. Hier sind zum Schutz der Verbraucher sehr enge Grenzen hinsichtlich der erlaubten Abgabe von Metallionen aus den Bauteilen in das Trinkwasser einzuhalten.Of particular interest is also the behavior of the materials with regard to the release of ions of the alloy components of the materials or of reaction products with water constituents. Here, very narrow limits are to be observed for the protection of consumers with regard to the permitted release of metal ions from the components into the drinking water.
Neben anderen Legierungen werden heutzutage auch hoch kupferhaltige Buntmetall-Legierungen, wie Bronze oder Rotguss zur Herstellung der medienführenden Bauteile von Gas- und Wasserleitungen eingesetzt. Im Hinblick auf eine gute maschinelle Bearbeitbarkeit werden diesen Buntmetall-Legierungen gewisse Mengen an Blei zugesetzt. Zur Erhöhung der Korrosionsbeständigkeit und der Festigkeit ist die Zugabe von Nickel zu bevorzugen.In addition to other alloys, highly copper-containing non-ferrous metal alloys, such as bronze or gunmetal, are also used today for producing the media-carrying components of gas and water pipes. In view of good machinability, certain amounts of lead are added to these non-ferrous metal alloys. To increase the corrosion resistance and the strength, the addition of nickel is preferable.
Übliche Vertreter von Bronze-Guss-Legierungen sind in DIN EN 1982 zusammengestellt. Beispielhaft soll hier die Rotguss-Legierung CuSn5Zn5Pb5 mit jeweils zwischen 4 bis 6 Gew.-% Zinn, Zink und Blei bei einem Gehalt von bis zu 2,0 Gew.-% Nickel und bis zu 0,1 Gew.-% Phosphor sowie als Beimengungen bis zu 0,3 Gew.-% Eisen und bis zu 0,25 Gew.-% Antimon genannt werden. Dieser Werkstoff zeichnet sich zwar durch eine gute Gießbarkeit sowie Korrosionsbeständigkeit auch gegenüber Meerwasser aus. Hinsichtlich der Abgabe von Metallionen in das Wasser muss dieser Werkstoff indes vor dem Hintergrund der künftig zu erwartenden Grenzwerte als nicht zufriedenstellend angesehen werden. Hier wird insbesondere die hohe Bleiabgabe von CuSn5Zn5Pb5 bemängelt.Conventional representatives of bronze casting alloys are compiled in DIN EN 1982. By way of example, the gun metal alloy CuSn5Zn5Pb5 with in each case between 4 to 6 wt .-% of tin, zinc and lead at a level of up to 2.0 wt .-% nickel and up to 0.1 wt .-% phosphorus and as Admixtures up to 0.3 wt .-% iron and up to 0.25 wt .-% antimony are called. Although this material is characterized by good castability and corrosion resistance to seawater. With regard to the release of metal ions into the water, however, this material must be regarded as unsatisfactory against the background of the future expected limit values. Here, in particular, the high lead levy of CuSn5Zn5Pb5 is criticized.
Mit der
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Aus der
Die Erfindung will eine vorteilhafte Verwendung einer migrationsarmen Kupferlegierung, angeben, sowie Bauteile, die dieser Verwendung entsprechen. Die verwendete Kupferlegierung eignet sich insbesondere zur Herstellung von medienführenden Gas- bzw. Wasserleitungen und deren Teile und hat eine gute Korrosionsbeständigkeit gegenüber den Medien, eine gute Festigkeit und eine gute Bearbeitbarkeit und Gießbarkeit. Bei der Bearbeitbarkeit kommt es insbesondere auf die Zerspanungseigenschaften der Kupferlegierung an.The invention seeks to provide an advantageous use of a low-migration copper alloy, as well as components which correspond to this use. The copper alloy used is particularly suitable for the production of media-carrying gas or water pipes and their parts and has a good corrosion resistance to the media, good strength and good machinability and castability. In terms of machinability, in particular, the chipping properties of the copper alloy are important.
Im Hinblick auf den stoffbezogenen Aspekt der vorliegenden Erfindung wird mit dieser eine Kupferlegierung mit den Merkmalen von Anspruch 1 vorgeschlagen. Diese Kupferlegierung umfasst zwischen 2 und 4,5 Gew.-% Silicium, zwischen 1 und 15 Gew.-% Zink und zwischen 0,05 und 2 Gew.-% Mangan. Neben diesen notwendigen Elementen kann die Kupferlegierung zwischen 0,05 und 0,5 Gew.-% Aluminium und/oder zwischen 0,05 und 2 Gew.-% Zinn enthalten. Als Rest sind in der Legierung Kupfer und unvermeidbare Verunreinigungen enthalten. Diese Verunreinigungen sind vorzugsweise auf einen Anteil von 0,5 Gew.-% beschränkt. Besonders bevorzugt liegt die Obergrenze für die Verunreinigungen bei 0,25 %. Diese Obergrenze gilt insbesondere für den kumulativen Anteil an Nickel und Blei in der Legierung, was sich als besonders wirksame Maßnahme zur Unterdrückung der Migration von Blei bzw. Nickel erwiesen hat. Im Hinblick darauf ist die Legierung vorzugsweise frei von Blei- und/oder Nickel. Als bleifreie Legierung wird eine Legierung angesehen, bei welcher der Anteil an Blei weniger als 0,25 % beträgt. Als nickelfreie Legierung wird eine Legierung angesehen, bei welcher der Anteil an Nickel weniger als 0,15 % beträgt.With regard to the fabric-related aspect of the present invention, a copper alloy with the features of
Die Legierung sollte zwischen 0,01 und 0,05 Gew.-% Zirkon enthalten. Vorzugsweise sollte der Zirkon-Anteil bei zwischen 0,01 Gew.-% und 0,03 Gew.-% liegen; besonders bevorzugt wird die Obergrenze mit 0,02 Gew.-% festgelegt. Dieses Intervall gilt für im wesentlichen alle Gussbauteile außer Sandgussteile. Eine Kornfeinung ergibt sich üblicherweise erst ab 0,01 Gew.-%; oberhalb von 0,02 Gew.-% erhöht sich die Gefahr einer Zirkonbildung in Korngrenzbereich. Zirkon verbessert die Erstarrungsmorphologie und vermindert die Ausbildung von Warmrissen vor allem beim Kokillenguss. Insbesondere bei Gussteilen, die mittels Sandguss hergestellt sind, kann auf eine bewusste Zugabe von Zirkon allerdings verzichtet werden. Bei diesen Bauteilen kann der Zirkon-Anteil unterhalb von 0,01 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise sogar bei unterhalb von 5ppm (0,0005%) liegen.The alloy should contain between 0.01 and 0.05 wt% zircon. Preferably, the zirconium content should be between 0.01% and 0.03% by weight; more preferably, the upper limit is set at 0.02 wt%. This interval essentially applies all cast components except sand castings. Grain refining usually results only from 0.01% by weight; above 0.02% by weight, the risk of zirconium formation in the grain boundary region increases. Zircon improves the solidification morphology and reduces the formation of hot cracks, especially during chill casting. In particular, in castings, which are made by sand casting, however, can be dispensed with a deliberate addition of zirconium. In these components, the zirconium content may be below 0.01 wt%, preferably even below 5 ppm (0.0005%).
Die bevorzugt angegebene Obergrenze für Zirkon von 0,02% sollte eingehalten werden, um eine Zirkonbildung im Korngrenzenbereich des Gefüges zu vermeiden, die bei der spanenden Bearbeitung der aus der Legierung gegossenen Bauteilen für wasserführende Leitungen zu einem erhöhten Werkzeugverschleiß führt.The preferred zirconia upper limit of 0.02% should be maintained to avoid zirconia formation in the grain boundary region of the microstructure leading to increased tool wear during machining of the alloyed water-pipe components.
Optional sollte auch Phosphor mit gewissen Anteilen vorgesehen sein. Phosphor liegt vorzugsweise mit einem Anteil von 0,01 Gew.-% bis 0,2 Gew.-% vor. Phosphor wird insbesondere im Hinblick auf eine Verbesserung der Gießbarkeit (Fluss- und Speisungsverhalten der Legierung) in genannten Grenzen kontrolliert. Des weiteren vermindert Phosphor die Entzinkung der Legierung und verbessert die Korrosionsbeständigkeit. Allerdings hat sich gezeigt, dass bei einem Phosphorgehalt von mehr als 0,2 Gew.-% die Legierung zunehmend härter wird, was zu Problemen bei der spanenden Bearbeitung gegossener Bauteile führt.Optionally, phosphorus should be provided with certain proportions. Phosphorus is preferably present at a level of from 0.01% to 0.2% by weight. Phosphorus is controlled in particular with a view to improving the castability (flow and feeding behavior of the alloy) within the limits specified. Furthermore, phosphorus reduces the dezincification of the alloy and improves the corrosion resistance. However, it has been found that with a phosphorus content of more than 0.2% by weight, the alloy becomes progressively harder, resulting in problems in machining cast components.
Es hat sich gezeigt, dass mit einer solchen Kupferlegierung bestmöglich den an Bauteile für medienführende Gas- bzw. Wasserleitungen zu stellenden Anforderungen entsprochen werden kann. So zeigt die Legierung ein gutes Gießverhalten. Die durch Gießen hergestellten Bauteile lassen sich gut spanend bearbeiten. Versuche an Probestücken haben gezeigt, dass die Festigkeit den zu stellenden Anforderungen entspricht. Darüber hinaus ist die Korrosionsbeständigkeit der Legierung hoch. Es hat sich gezeigt, dass durch Kontrolle des Phosphorgehaltes in der Legierung die Ausschussquote bei den Gussteilen begrenzt werden kann. Dementsprechend wird der Verunreinigungsgrad für Phosphor vorzugsweise in einem Bereich von 0,01 bis 0,05 Gew.-% kontrolliert.It has been shown that with such a copper alloy the best possible requirements to be met by components for media-carrying gas or water pipes can be met. Thus, the alloy shows a good casting behavior. The components produced by casting can be easily machined. Tests on specimens have shown that the strength meets the requirements to be met. In addition, the corrosion resistance of the alloy is high. It has been shown that by controlling the phosphorus content in the alloy, the scrap rate in the castings can be limited. Accordingly, the degree of impurity of phosphorus is preferably controlled in a range of 0.01 to 0.05% by weight.
Der Aluminium-Gehalt der verwendeten Kupferlegierung wird mit Rücksicht auf die Korrosionsbeständigkeit desselben festgelegt. Derzeit wird davon ausgegangen, dass bei einem Aluminium-Gehalt von zwischen 0,05 und 0,5 Gew.-% eine gute Korrosionsbeständigkeit erreicht werden kann. Ohne erhebliche Qualitätseinbußen kann der obere Grenzwert für den Aluminium-Gehalt auf 0.4 Gew.-% festgelegt sein.The aluminum content of the copper alloy used is set with respect to the corrosion resistance thereof. At present, it is considered that good corrosion resistance can be obtained with an aluminum content of between 0.05 and 0.5% by weight. Without significant loss of quality, the upper limit of the aluminum content may be set to 0.4% by weight.
In praktischen Versuchen konnte bestätigt werden, dass die in Rede stehenden Bauteile für medienführende Leitungen ohne Weiteres mit den üblichen Gussverfahren, beispielsweise im Sand-, Kokillen-, Schleuder- oder Stranggussverfahren, hergestellt werden können. Hinsichtlich der Abkühlbedingungen aus der Schmelze gelten keine besonderen Anforderungen. Das so gewonnene Gussteil kann gut spanhebend bearbeitet werden. Zur Verminderung der Migrationsneigung des Gussteils kann dieses vorzugsweise vor einer spanhebenden Bearbeitung einer Wärmebehandlung unterzogen werden. Dabei wird das Gussteil vorzugsweise bei zwischen 400°C und 800°C für mindestens eine halbe Stunde geglüht. Vorzugsweise erfolgt die Wärmebehandlung in einem Temperaturintervall von zwischen 600°C und 700°C. Die Glühzeit kann beliebig lang sein. Im Hinblick auf wirtschaftliche Randbedingungen wird diese indes mit zwischen 2 und 16 Stunden festgelegt. In diese Glühzeit ist die Aufzeitphase nicht einbezogen.In practical experiments it could be confirmed that the components in question for media-carrying lines easily with the usual casting process, for example in sand, mold, spin or continuous casting can be produced. With regard to the cooling conditions from the melt, there are no special requirements. The casting thus obtained can be processed well spanhebend. To reduce the tendency of the casting to migrate, it may preferably be subjected to a heat treatment before machining. In this case, the casting is preferably annealed at between 400 ° C and 800 ° C for at least half an hour. Preferably, the heat treatment is carried out in a temperature interval of between 600 ° C and 700 ° C. The glow time can be any length. In terms of economic constraints, however, this is set at between 2 and 16 hours. In this glow time, the Aufzeitphase is not included.
Das Glühen erfolgt insbesondere mit dem Ziel, in dem gegossenen Bauteil die α-Phase einzustellen, die nach der derzeitigen Vorstellen der Erfinder die zu erzielende Kombination unterschiedlicher Eigenschaften ermöglicht. Es sei aber darauf hingewiesen, dass bereits der überwiegende Teil der notwendigen Legierungselemente Kupfer, Zink und Silicium bei einer natürlichen Abkühlung aus der Schmelze ohne gesonderte Wärmebehandlung in Form von α-Mischkristallen erstarrt.The annealing takes place in particular with the aim of adjusting the α-phase in the cast component, which, according to the present inventions, enables the combination of different properties to be achieved. It should be noted, however, that even the vast majority of the necessary alloying elements copper, zinc and silicon solidifies in a natural cooling from the melt without separate heat treatment in the form of α-mixed crystals.
Eine Zugabe von Silicium innerhalb des angegebenen Intervalls begünstig ferner den Spanbruch bei der Bearbeitung. Mit zunehmendem Silicium-Gehalt erhöht sich jedoch auch der Werkzeugverschleiß bei der spanabhebenden Bearbeitung von aus der Legierung hergestellten Bauteilen. Dementsprechend wird die Obergrenze für den Silicium-Gehalt nicht zuletzt auch im Hinblick auf die mechanische Bearbeitbarkeit der Legierung auf 4,5 Gew.-% festgelegt.Addition of silicon within the specified interval also promotes chip breakage during processing. However, with increasing silicon content, tool wear also increases in the machining of components made of the alloy. Accordingly, the upper limit of the silicon content is set to 4.5 wt% not least in view of the machinability of the alloy.
Im Hinblick auf die geforderte Korrosionsbeständigkeit ist bei der verwendeten Kupferlegierung der Zinkgehalt auf 15 Gew.-% beschränkt. Ein Mindestgehalt von 1 Gew.-% Zink garantiert hingegen ein Mindestmaß an Zerspanbarkeit.In view of the required corrosion resistance, the zinc content used in the copper alloy used is limited to 15% by weight. On the other hand, a minimum content of 1% by weight of zinc guarantees a minimum of machinability.
Mangan wird der Legierung in den Grenzen von 0,05 bis 2 Gew.-% zugegeben, um die Gefügestruktur zu verbessern. Mangan verfeinert das Gefüge und beeinflusst das Erstarrungsverhalten der Kupferlegierung positiv. Der Mangangehalt ist allerdings mit Rücksicht auf die Migrationsneigung von Mangan auf 2 Gew.-% beschränkt.Manganese is added to the alloy within the limits of 0.05 to 2% by weight in order to improve the microstructure. Manganese refines the microstructure and positively influences the solidification behavior of the copper alloy. However, the manganese content is limited to 2% by weight in consideration of the migration tendency of manganese.
Mit einer Beschränkung der Summe der Verunreinigungen auf maximal 0,5 Gew.-% wird der Gehalt an Inhaltsstoffen, die möglicherweise in das Trinkwasser migrieren können, auf ein auch unter wirtschaftlichen Gesichtspunkten gewähltes Minimum beschränkt. Mit einem weiter eingeschränkten oberen Grenzwert für die unvermeidbaren Verunreinigungen von 0,25 Gew.-% kann eine höhere Sicherheit gegen Migration, jedoch zu Lasten der Herstellungskosten erreicht werden.Limiting the sum of the impurities to a maximum of 0.5% by weight limits the content of ingredients that may possibly migrate into the drinking water to a minimum that is also economically desirable. With a further limited upper limit of the unavoidable impurities of 0.25% by weight, a higher security against migration, but at the expense of manufacturing costs, can be achieved.
Vorzugsweise enthält die verwendeten Legierung zwischen 5 und 15 Gew.-% Zink. In diesem eingeschränkten Intervall kann eine bestmögliche Kombination aus Korrosionsbeständigkeit und Zerspanbarkeit erzielt werden.Preferably, the alloy used contains between 5 and 15% by weight of zinc. In this limited interval, the best possible combination of corrosion resistance and machinability can be achieved.
Zur Optimierung der Festigkeit bei ausreichenden Dehnungseigenschaften des Materials in Kombination mit guten Migrationswerten wird der Siliciumgehalt auf zwischen 2,8 Gew.-% und 4 Gew.-% festgelegt.In order to optimize the strength with sufficient elongation properties of the material in combination with good migration values, the silicon content is set at between 2.8% by weight and 4% by weight.
Zur weiteren Verminderung der Migrationsneigung von Mangan wird dessen Gehalt vorzugsweise auf 0,2 bis 0,6 Gew.-% festgelegt. Die Legierung enthält aus gleichen Gründen vorzugsweise überhaupt kein Nickel bzw. Blei. Der Kupfergehalt in der Legierung soll mindestens 80 und maximal 96,95 Gew.-% betragen.To further reduce the migration tendency of manganese, its content is preferably set at 0.2 to 0.6 wt .-%. The alloy preferably contains no nickel or lead at all for the same reasons. The copper content in the alloy should be at least 80 and not more than 96.95% by weight.
Gemäß einem Aspekt der vorliegenden Erfindung wird die Verwendung der Kupferlegierung zur Herstellung von Bauteilen für medienführende Gas-bzw. Wasserleitungen vorgeschlagen. Hierunter sind insbesondere solche Bauteile zu verstehen, welche Trinkwasserleitungen bilden, wie insbesondere Fittings und Armaturen sowie Teile hiervon. Nicht zuletzt aufgrund der guten Spannungs-DehnungsEigenschaften der verwendeten Kupferlegierung soll vorzugsweise ein Pressverbinder aus der erfindungsgemäßen Kupferlegierung hergestellt werden. Die Pressverbinder können entweder als separate Bauteile ausgebildet sein oder stoff- oder formschlüssig an dem Fitting bzw. der Armatur vorgesehen sein. Auch können die Pressverbinder als integrale Bestandteile beim Gießen der Armatur bzw. des Fittings aus der erfindungsgemäßen Kupferlegierung verwirklicht werden. Die verwendete Gusslegierung eignet sich insbesondere zur Herstellung eines Elementes einer Pressverbindungsanordnung, wie sie beispielsweise aus der
Die vorliegende Erfindung soll nachfolgend anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels in Verbindung mit der Zeichnung verdeutlicht werden. Die Zeichnung zeigt:
- Fig. 1
- ein Schaubild mit einem Vergleich der Bleimigration eines Ausführungsbeispiels der verwendeten Kupferlegierung gegenüber einer konventionellen Rotguss-Legierung;
- Fig. 2
- ein Schaubild mit einem Vergleich der Nickelmigration eines Ausführungsbeispiels der verwendeten Kupferlegierung gegenüber einer konventionellen Rotguss-Legierung;
- Fig. 3
- ein Schaubild mit einem Vergleich der Kupfermigration eines Ausführungsbeispiels der verwendeten Kupferlegierung gegenüber einer konventionellen Rotguss-Legierung; und
- Fig. 4
- ein Schaubild mit einem Vergleich der Zinkmigration eines Ausführungsbeispiels der verwendeten Kupferlegierung gegenüber einer konventionellen Rotguss-Legierung.
- Fig. 1
- a graph comparing the lead migration of an embodiment of the copper alloy used to a conventional gunmetal alloy;
- Fig. 2
- a graph comparing nickel migration of one embodiment of the copper alloy used versus a conventional gunmetal alloy;
- Fig. 3
- a graph comparing copper migration of one embodiment of the copper alloy used versus a conventional gunmetal alloy; and
- Fig. 4
- a graph showing a comparison of the zinc migration of an embodiment of the copper alloy used over a conventional gunmetal alloy.
Die
Dargestellt ist jeweils der zeitliche Verlauf bei Verwendung eines Ausführungsbeispiels einer erfindungsgemäßen verwandten Kupferlegierung mit folgender Zusammensetzung:
- Si: 3,5 Gew.-%;
- Zn: 1,6 Gew.-%;
- Mn: 0,5 Gew.-%;
- unvermeidbare Verunreinigungen in Summe: max. 0,5 Gew.-%;
- und als Rest Kupfer.
- Si: 3.5% by weight;
- Zn: 1.6% by weight;
- Mn: 0.5% by weight;
- unavoidable impurities in total: max. 0.5% by weight;
- and as the rest of copper.
Die Ergebnisse werden in den jeweiligen Darstellungen der
- Zn: 5,5 Gew.-%;
- Sn: 4,5 Gew.-%;
- Pb: 3,0 Gew.-%;
- Ni: 0,5 Gew.-%;
- Rest: Kupfer und unvermeidbare Verunreinigungen.
- Zn: 5.5% by weight;
- Sn: 4.5% by weight;
- Pb: 3.0% by weight;
- Ni: 0.5% by weight;
- Remainder: copper and unavoidable impurities.
Die Messergebnisse mit dem Ausführungsbeispiel der erfindungsgemäßen verwandten Kupferlegierung sind mit A gekennzeichnet. Die Vergleichsmessung mit der Rotguss-Legierung mit B.The measurement results with the exemplary embodiment of the related copper alloy according to the invention are marked with A. The comparison measurement with the gunmetal alloy with B.
Neben dem vorerwähnten Vergleich enthalten die
Das Ausführungsbeispiel nach der Erfindung A gibt dagegen an das Trinkwasser so gut wie kein Blei ab. Auch ein erhöhter Wert zu Beginn der Versuche ist nicht zu erkennen. Da die gemessenen Werte an der Grenze der Auflösung der Messanalytik liegt, werden die Schwankungen der Messwerte auf die Messgenauigkeit der Messapparatur zurückgeführt. Im Wesentlichen bleibt der Messwert für die Bleiabgabe bei der verwendeten Probe deutlich unterhalb des Grenzwertes der TrinkwV von 10 µg/l.The embodiment of the invention A, however, are on the drinking water as good as no lead. Even an increased value at the beginning of the experiments can not be seen. Since the measured values are at the limit of the resolution of the measurement analysis, the fluctuations in the measured values are attributed to the measuring accuracy of the measuring apparatus. Essentially, the measured value for the lead release for the sample used remains well below the limit value of the drinking water consumption of 10 μg / l.
Entsprechendes gilt für die
Im Vergleich dazu gibt die verwendeten Kupferlegierung A keine nennenswerte Nickel-lonen an das Trinkwasser ab. Auch hier liegen die gemessenen Werte von etwa 2 µg/l im Bereich der Auflösung der bei den Messgeräten verwandten Analytik.In comparison, the copper alloy used A no significant nickel ions from the drinking water. Here, too, the measured values of about 2 μg / l are in the range of the resolution of the analysis related to the measuring instruments.
Bei der Kupferabgabe (
Schließlich zeigt
Die in den
Claims (17)
- Use of a copper alloy for the manufacture of components for gas or water lines which carry media, in particular drinking water lines as well as fittings and valves of the same, wherein the copper alloy comprises, in % by weight:2.8 ≤ Si ≤ 4.5;1 ≤ Zn ≤ 15;0.05 ≤ Mn ≤ 2;80 ≤ Cu ≤ 96.95optionally further comprising;0.05 ≤ Al ≤ 0.50.05 ≤ Sn ≤ 2;0.0005 ≤ Zr ≤ 0.050.01 ≤ P ≤ 0.2and unavoidable impurities.
- Use according to claim 1, characterized in that the copper alloy is used for the manufacture of compression joints.
- Use according to claim 1, characterized in that the copper alloy is used for the manufacture of valves with a fixed compression connection.
- Use according to claim 1, characterized in that 5 % by weight ≤ Zn ≤ 15 % by weight.
- Use according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that 0.2 % by weight ≤ Mn ≤ 0.6 % by weight.
- Use according to claim 5, characterized in that the unavoidable impurities are contained with not more than altogether 0.5 % by weight.
- Use according to claim 6, characterized in that the unavoidable impurities are contained with not more than altogether 0.25 % by weight.
- Use according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that Ni and/or Pb are contained as unavoidable impurities with not more than altogether 0.25 % by weight.
- Components for gas or water lines which carry media, in particular drinking water lines as well as fittings and valves of the same, at least partially consisting of a copper alloy, comprising in % by weight:2.8 ≤ Si ≤ 4.5;1 ≤ Zn ≤ 15;0.05 ≤ Mn ≤ 2;80 ≤ Cu ≤ 96.95optionally further comprising;0.05 ≤ Al ≤ 0.50.05 ≤ Sn ≤ 2;0.0005 ≤ Zr ≤ 0.050.01 ≤ P ≤ 0.2and unavoidable impurities.
- Component according to claim 9, characterized in that the elements Cu, Zn and Si are present in an amount of more than 98 % by weight in the form of an α-solid solution.
- Components according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the components are compression joints.
- Components according to one of claims 9 to 11, characterized in that the components are valves with fixed compression connection.
- Component according to one of claims 9 to 12, characterized in that 5 % by weight ≤ Zn ≤ 15 % by weight.
- Component according to one of claims 9 to 13, characterized in that 0.2 % by weight < Mn < 0.6 % by weight.
- Component according to claim 14, characterized in that the unavoidable impurities are contained with altogether not more than 0.5 % by weight.
- Component according to claim 14, characterized in that the unavoidable impurities are contained with altogether not more than 0.25 % by weight.
- Component according to one of claims 15 or 16, characterized in that Ni and/or Pb are contained as unavoidable impurities with altogether not more than 0.25 % by weight.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP06840971A EP1817438B1 (en) | 2005-12-14 | 2006-12-13 | Low-migration copper alloy |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP05027341.6A EP1798298B2 (en) | 2005-12-14 | 2005-12-14 | Use of a low-migration copper alloy and parts made of such alloy |
PCT/EP2006/012008 WO2007068470A1 (en) | 2005-12-14 | 2006-12-13 | Low-migration copper alloy |
EP06840971A EP1817438B1 (en) | 2005-12-14 | 2006-12-13 | Low-migration copper alloy |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP1817438A1 EP1817438A1 (en) | 2007-08-15 |
EP1817438B1 true EP1817438B1 (en) | 2008-10-01 |
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EP05027341.6A Active EP1798298B2 (en) | 2005-12-14 | 2005-12-14 | Use of a low-migration copper alloy and parts made of such alloy |
EP06840971A Revoked EP1817438B1 (en) | 2005-12-14 | 2006-12-13 | Low-migration copper alloy |
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EP05027341.6A Active EP1798298B2 (en) | 2005-12-14 | 2005-12-14 | Use of a low-migration copper alloy and parts made of such alloy |
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US (1) | US20090214380A1 (en) |
EP (2) | EP1798298B2 (en) |
JP (1) | JP4838859B2 (en) |
AT (2) | ATE380259T1 (en) |
DE (2) | DE502005002181D1 (en) |
ES (2) | ES2297598T5 (en) |
NO (1) | NO20083081L (en) |
WO (1) | WO2007068470A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
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WO2015010768A1 (en) | 2013-07-24 | 2015-01-29 | Wieland-Werke Ag | Grain-refined copper casting alloy with iron and boron |
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PL1801250T3 (en) * | 2005-12-22 | 2018-02-28 | Viega Technology Gmbh & Co. Kg | Parts made from copper alloy with low migration for conduits conveying fluids or drinking water |
DE102007059182B4 (en) | 2007-12-06 | 2017-04-13 | Viega Gmbh & Co. Kg | A method for making a permanent connection and a permanent connection between a fitting and a pipe, fitting for a pipe with a predetermined inner diameter and detachable connection between at least one fitting and a fitting body |
EP2290114A1 (en) | 2009-08-04 | 2011-03-02 | Gebr. Kemper GmbH + Co. KG Metallwerke | Water-guiding component |
DE202009016240U1 (en) | 2009-11-27 | 2010-04-29 | Weihmann, Andreas, Dipl.-Designer | Water recovery system technology |
DE102010055055B3 (en) * | 2010-12-17 | 2012-05-10 | Wieland-Werke Ag | Use of a copper-tin multi-substance bronze |
DE102012013817A1 (en) * | 2012-07-12 | 2014-01-16 | Wieland-Werke Ag | Molded parts made of corrosion-resistant copper alloys |
DE202016101661U1 (en) | 2016-03-29 | 2017-06-30 | Geberit International Ag | Component for media-carrying gas or water pipes |
CN106011528A (en) * | 2016-05-18 | 2016-10-12 | 来安县赛华管业有限公司 | Environment-friendly alloy pipe material used for drinking water pipe |
DE102018004702A1 (en) | 2018-06-12 | 2019-12-12 | Gebr. Kemper Gmbh + Co. Kg Metallwerke | Moldings made of a corrosion-resistant and machinable copper alloy |
DE202019101597U1 (en) * | 2019-03-20 | 2019-04-23 | Otto Fuchs - Kommanditgesellschaft - | Cu-Zn alloy |
GB2614752A (en) | 2022-01-18 | 2023-07-19 | Conex Ipr Ltd | Components for drinking water pipes, and method for manufacturing same |
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GB1443090A (en) | 1974-03-25 | 1976-07-21 | Anaconda Co | Silicon brass resistant to partin corrosion- |
JPS5837143A (en) * | 1981-08-27 | 1983-03-04 | Furukawa Electric Co Ltd:The | High-strength corrosion resistant copper alloy |
DE58909685D1 (en) | 1988-05-25 | 1996-07-11 | Nussbaum & Co Ag R | Press connection arrangement, fitting and method of manufacture |
WO1994024325A1 (en) * | 1993-04-16 | 1994-10-27 | Ideal-Standard Gmbh | Brass alloy |
DE4324008C2 (en) * | 1993-07-17 | 2003-03-27 | Km Europa Metal Ag | Use of a corrosion-resistant copper-based alloy |
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DE10308778B3 (en) * | 2003-02-28 | 2004-08-12 | Wieland-Werke Ag | Lead-free brass with superior notch impact resistance, used in widely ranging applications to replace conventional brasses, has specified composition |
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-
2005
- 2005-12-14 AT AT05027341T patent/ATE380259T1/en active
- 2005-12-14 DE DE502005002181T patent/DE502005002181D1/en active Active
- 2005-12-14 EP EP05027341.6A patent/EP1798298B2/en active Active
- 2005-12-14 ES ES05027341.6T patent/ES2297598T5/en active Active
-
2006
- 2006-12-13 DE DE502006001675T patent/DE502006001675D1/en active Active
- 2006-12-13 AT AT06840971T patent/ATE409753T1/en active
- 2006-12-13 ES ES06840971T patent/ES2314946T3/en active Active
- 2006-12-13 US US12/095,615 patent/US20090214380A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2006-12-13 WO PCT/EP2006/012008 patent/WO2007068470A1/en active Application Filing
- 2006-12-13 JP JP2008544870A patent/JP4838859B2/en active Active
- 2006-12-13 EP EP06840971A patent/EP1817438B1/en not_active Revoked
-
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- 2008-07-09 NO NO20083081A patent/NO20083081L/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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WO2015010768A1 (en) | 2013-07-24 | 2015-01-29 | Wieland-Werke Ag | Grain-refined copper casting alloy with iron and boron |
DE102013012288A1 (en) | 2013-07-24 | 2015-01-29 | Wieland-Werke Ag | Grain-refined copper casting alloy |
EP3260561A1 (en) | 2013-07-24 | 2017-12-27 | Wieland-Werke AG | Grain refinement of copper zinc silicon casting alloys with iron and boron |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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ES2297598T5 (en) | 2016-06-03 |
JP2009519377A (en) | 2009-05-14 |
WO2007068470A1 (en) | 2007-06-21 |
ATE380259T1 (en) | 2007-12-15 |
EP1798298B1 (en) | 2007-12-05 |
US20090214380A1 (en) | 2009-08-27 |
ATE409753T1 (en) | 2008-10-15 |
EP1798298B2 (en) | 2016-05-04 |
JP4838859B2 (en) | 2011-12-14 |
DE502006001675D1 (en) | 2008-11-13 |
DE502005002181D1 (en) | 2008-01-17 |
ES2314946T3 (en) | 2009-03-16 |
EP1798298A1 (en) | 2007-06-20 |
NO20083081L (en) | 2008-07-09 |
ES2297598T3 (en) | 2008-05-01 |
EP1817438A1 (en) | 2007-08-15 |
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