Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
  • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
  • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
  • E02D5/74—Means for anchoring structural elements or bulkheads
  • E02D5/80—Ground anchors
  • E02D5/808—Ground anchors anchored by using exclusively a bonding material
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
  • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
  • E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts
  • E21D20/02—Setting anchoring-bolts with provisions for grouting
  • E21D20/025—Grouting with organic components, e.g. resin
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
  • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
  • E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts
  • E21D20/02—Setting anchoring-bolts with provisions for grouting
  • E21D20/028—Devices or accesories for injecting a grouting liquid in a bore-hole
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
  • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
  • E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
  • E21D21/0026—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection characterised by constructional features of the bolts
  • E21D21/0053—Anchoring-bolts in the form of lost drilling rods

Definitions

• the invention relates to a method for setting rock anchors, according to the preamble of claim 1.
• This method is especially intended for soft and sandy rocks.
• Sn harder rock as it is found in particular when upgrading the track in underground mining or tunneling, are used instead of concrete primarily curing plastics.
• These hardening plastics are introduced after drilling the borehole and pulling out the boring bar by a lance in the borehole; then the lance is pulled out of the hole and a rock bolt driven into the well, which is then connected by the hardening plastic with the surrounding rock solid and sustainable.
• thermosetting plastic leads to contamination of the drill and the environment and wasted in uneconomical ways larger amounts of this plastic become.
• hardness components z For example, a radical polymerization of unsaturated polyester resins, vinyl esters, epoxyacryiates, silicate resins, e.g. by adding peroxides in a volumetric ratio of 1: 1 to 10: 1 applied.
• An essential advantage of the invention is that it permits the substantially automatic filling of the borehole, wherein the borehole is substantially completely filled from the tip of the boring bar or rock bolt to the mouth of the borehole and the boring bar or rock bolt is completely filled with the borehole hardened plastic is sheathed. This fulfills an essential safety requirement for mining and tunneling.
• One of the essential criteria of the invention is that the delivery time F and the curing time H are matched to one another.
• the curing time H of the plastic is determined by the choice of the hardenable plastic and the hardening plastic and optionally other components and by the mixing ratio of the components, but also by the temperature of the environment, the quantitative main components and the rock.
• the delivery time F is given as the time required to completely backfill the heat transfer resin. That is, the curing of the thermosetting plastic takes place only after mixing with the curable and the curing plastic.
• the flow path is therefore the distance between the mixing point and the mouth (outlet) of the borehole. If the mixture of the two components is carried out by a static mixer, the mixing point is at this static mixer.
• the flow path then includes the further inner channel up to its exit on the outer circumference of the drill, generally up to the drill bit.
• the flow path further comprises the drill hole surrounding the anchor rod.
• the delivery time is therefore such that, taking into account the delivery characteristics of the pumps, in particular the pressure dependence of the delivery characteristics sufficient, and the volume of the inner channel and the volume diees the anchor rod surrounding borehole fills.
• This method has, in addition to the other advantages, the advantage that the drill bit to be used for hard rock, which is expensive, can be used several times.
• This Borhrstange remains in the borehole and is used according to the invention after drilling as rock anchors. The disadvantage of using only once is the technical advantage over that time-consuming steps omitted.
• Claim 2 ensures that the hardening mixture does not form any cavities in the borehole and comes into intimate contact with the wall of the boring bar and the wall of the borehole. This measure can be done in addition to the usual during drilling water flushing of the borehole and has the advantage that even water residues are clearlygebiasen out of the well and dried.
• the drill rod may be provided at its tip with a drill bit, the cutting blades bypass a hole diameter which is greater than the outer diameter of the drill rod.
• the curing of the curable plastic component means an increase in viscosity beyond the viscous and pasty area.
• the aim is a viscosity of the curable component of at least 100,000 pa x sec, so that the compound of the plastic mass against the borehole and against the boring bar is so strong that the Borehole at the übiichen operating loads associated with the drilling operation and the injection of the plastic mass, can no longer be pulled out of the well or rotated in the borehole.
• the drill chuck in which the boring bar is clamped for the purpose of drilling, and / or the injection head (adapter for connecting the plastic leads to the inner channel of the anchor rod / boring bar) without ⁇ u help with a holding the rod boring adhesive device, retaining claw of the boring bar to solve, z. B. by backward rotation of the drill chuck (claim 5 and 6).
• the plastics after merging and mixing in a very rapid chemical reaction to a - so called here - pasty mass crosslink. This is done by admixing suitable substances such as amines.
• the handling is facilitated and the reliability increased by the fact that after the merging and mixing of the components and before the onset of leading to curing chemical reaction increased viscosity (greater than 500 pa sec, preferably greater than 1000 pa sec) is reached.
• This pre-reaction is caused by the fact that one of the components in a small amount of substances with suitable tixotropic properties are mixed in, for example substances from the group of amines.
• the development according to claim 8 is used. This prevents that not fully cured plastic material from the inner channel of the drill rod expires after the release of the drill chuck or after loosening the plastic feed channel or dripping or swelled out.
• the pumping characteristics of the pumps through which the hardenable material must flow must be determined Component and the curing component is supplied to the inner channel of the boring bar, to be considered.
• pumps are selected whose delivery rate per unit time is not dependent on the backpressure. In this respect are particularly suitable
• the conveying time F by hand or by means of an adjustable clock.
• the aim is that the curing time and thus the filling time is less than one minute.
• Claim 13 serves the purpose of avoiding a premature curing of the plastics and contamination of the piping systems by cured plastics, a mixture of the components at the wrong time, ie in particular before the intended mixing point and static mixer. Also claim 14 serves a similar purpose and at the same time ensures the effective cleaning of points of the supply system to which the plastic deposit are disturbing.
• Figure 1 shows schematically a drill rod with chuck and Zubowadaptern
• Figure 2 is a conveyor diagram
• FIGs 3 and 4 schematically a drill rod with chuck and Zubigadaptern
• the drill rod 1 with a drill bit 2 is drilled through the chuck 3 in a mountain 19 of solid rock.
• the drill chuck 3 is driven in the direction of feed 4 and direction of rotation 5.
• the drill rod consists of several - here two pieces - which can be assembled by screwing in a nut 6 to a predetermined length.
• the drill rods are provided on its outer circumference with a thread which fits into a corresponding thread of the cap nut 6. This thread also serves the purpose of allowing a good connection of the drill rod 1 with the plastic to be filled into the borehole.
• the drill bit 2 is occupied with 7 clips. This Bohrluppen 7 sweep a borehole cross-section with a diameter Di.
• This diameter Di is greater than the outer diameter DA of the boring bar 1 and, of course, larger than the inner diameter of the thread. Calculated, the volume of the drill rod with sufficient accuracy by the average diameter Dz ⁇ (DA + D
• the boring bars 1 or the sections of the boring bar are penetrated centrally by an inner channel 8, which in the drill bit 2 opens into a collecting space 9 and in exit channels 10.
• the inner channel can be described by the drill chuck 3 via suitable adapters first with water or air as a rinsing agent and then preferably also via the drill chuck, but also via another suitable connecting piece, soft example with reference to FIG 4, with a curable plastic material and a hardening plastic be charged. Only provided for loading with plastic device parts are shown here schematically.
• the inner channel 12 is connected via hose 27 and feed pump 14 with a reservoir 15 for a curable plastic material.
• the inner channel 13 is substantially smaller in width than the inner channel 12; its cross-sectional area is about 1/10 of the cross-sectional area of the inner channel 12.
• the inner channel 13 is connected via hose 25 and a feed pump 16 with a storage container 17 for the curing plastic composition. Since the curable Kunststofftoffmasse and the curing plastic mass in a ratio of 10: 1 or less (to 1: 1, see above) are mixed, the feed pump 16 is designed correspondingly smaller.
• the inner channels are brought together in the connecting piece / chuck 3 in a collecting chamber 18, which then corresponds to the inner channel 8 of the drill rod.
• FIG. 1 shows that the first segment of the drill rod has a static mixer 20 at the entrance of its inner channel 8. Such a mixer may also be at the beginning of each segment. If the static mixer is designed as a usable component, it is sufficient if such a static mixer 20 in the réellekana! 8 of the last introduced drill rod 1 is used. In the minor figure, an insert member 21 is shown, in which in addition to the static mixer 20 and a
• the cap nut 6 is screwed onto the free end and screwed into this another segment of the drill rod 1, in which it - is supplied from behind through the chuck - in a manner not shown , In this case, the well can be rinsed in a manner not shown by water, which is supplied by ⁇ en inner channel of the drill rod.
• the drilling process is terminated. It is now the collection chamber 18 of the borehole - in a manner not shown - applied through the réellekanai 8 of the boring bar with air and thereby rinsed the cuttings from the well and cleaned the well and dried. Subsequently, the filling of the borehole is carried out with a curable plastic, which is previously mixed with a hardening plastic.
• the filling volume is on the one hand, the inner channel 8 from mixer 20 and the other the borehole, ie
• the filling is carried out by the pumps 14 and 16. These are, for. B. Radiaikoibenpumpen, which can provide a pressure-independent flow rate per unit time. However, it may also be gear pumps, since the high viscosities of the promotional plastics is not to be expected inadmissible losses and the funding law is therefore sufficiently accurately determinable.
• the delivery rate is now set by appropriate pre-setting and speeds of the drive motors 24 and 26 of the pump so that, taking into account the delivery characteristics and the delivery law, the filling quantity of thermosetting plastic and hardening plastic is promoted exactly in those delivery time, which corresponds to the curing time.
• the curing time of the plastic can be determined on the one hand by the selection of the plastic components, on the other hand also by the mixing ratio and by the temperature.
• the Temperature can be z. B. be assumed at 30 ° C.
• Soft hardness of the plastic in the curing time should be determined by practical considerations. In particular, the plastic should not emerge by itself from the mouth of the borehole, but at best appear as pasty mass in the mouth of the borehole.
• the check valve 22 is provided which opens in äer direction of the Vergilung and prevents the registered plastic mixture in the opposite direction to expedizufl ⁇ e from the inner channel again.
• the connector / chuck can be rinsed with one of the plastic components or with water.
• the corresponding devices are not shown.
• FIG. 2 schematically shows a delivery diagram of the conveyed plastic components, that is to say in particular of the curable plastic component and of the hardening plastic component and possibly of the further admixed substances. Shown is the course of the flow rate per unit time over time and about the corresponding Druckveriauf in the collection chamber 18 or at another point.
• the delivery rate depends on the one hand on the number of revolutions of the drive motors of the pumps.
• Ideal would be a constant delivery characteristics, as they have Radialkoibenpumpen example.
• the aim is in any case, that the pumps start in a steady state, to avoid pressure surges.
• the inventive method can therefore also be carried out when the curable and the curing plastic during the delivery time F with a variable delivery after vorirnirnmten course of delivery per unit time, in particular with delayed increasing flow rate are promoted at the beginning of the funding period or if the curable and the curing Plastic are promoted during the delivery time F with a pressure-dependent according to a predetermined law flow rate per unit time.
• a variable delivery after vorirnirnmten course of delivery per unit time in particular with delayed increasing flow rate are promoted at the beginning of the funding period or if the curable and the curing Plastic are promoted during the delivery time F with a pressure-dependent according to a predetermined law flow rate per unit time.
• the total delivery time is calculated so that the capacity in this Delivery time - in the diagram is the hatched area below the flow rates - curve - the volume of mecanickanai and borehole - as described above - corresponds and that this conveying time corresponds to the curing time.
• control may also be provided by the print leader 23, through which the shutdown or, as shown, a shutdown circuit occurs when the pressure before the MH device - e.g. in the collection chamber - exceeds a preset limit G to be determined by trial.
• FIG. 3 is characterized by the following: The chuck is removed after completion of the well.
• the connection of the anchor rod / boring bar 1 with the injection head / adapter 11 is effected by a connecting piece 3.
• This consists - as the minor figure to Fig. 4, of two half-shells 31, 32. These have on their length in each case a semicircular recess 33,34 on. These recesses complement each other in the closed state of the half shells in the direction of arrow to a circular cylindrical inner channel with changing diameters.
• the diameters are designed so that the inner channel in the closed state - as Figure 4 shows - causes a positive fixing of the connector on one side of the injection head 11 and on the other side of the anchor rod / boring bar 1.
• the injection head therefore has a bead 35, which fits into a corresponding diameter extension of the inner channel 33,34.
• the inner channel has a coarse internal thread, which corresponds to the external thread of the anchor rod / boring bar 1.
• the gap 18 between the end of the injection head 11 and the end of the anchor rod / boring bar 1 is bridged by means of an annular seal 30 and radially sealed.
• the static mixer 20 is also located here at the beginning of the anchor rod / drill rod 1. In the embodiment of Figure 4, however, the static mixer is in the connector 3 with the half-shells 31, 32nd
• the mixing elements 20 are also here in an insert component / mixer housing 21, which is designed as a circular cylindrical tube.
• this tube has at its beginning a bead 36 which, in the state of the shafts 31, 32 which has been shot in the direction of the arrow, is positively enclosed by a corresponding recess of the inner channel of the shafts 31, 32 and fixed axially as well as radially.
• the inner channel of the shark shells 31, 32 encloses the tube of the mixer housing tight fitting.
• the mixer housing 21 is made of plastic and only by the tight contact with the walls of the firmly pressed half shells is sufficiently pressure resistant. Furthermore, it is particularly important that the mixer housing is also positively supported at its outflow end in the axial direction in order to prevent that a mixer housing made of plastic ruptures or tears axially.
• This axial fixing is done in the example shown by support on the end face of the facing end of the anchor rod / drill rod 1, which in turn - as stated - is fixed in the half-shells of the connector.
• the check valve shown and described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 3 is not shown here, but would also be used here with corresponding advantage.
• the half shells are moved apart (against the arrow direction), so that the anchor rod / boring bar and the injection head are released.
• the static mixer which - as described - is designed as a unit - be ejected because it is still filled with the thermosetting plastic mixture. If necessary, the injection head and / or connector 3 are cleaned and then a new assembly inserted as a mixer before the attachment to another anchor rod / drill rod and their filling begins.
• an extended type of control is also used.
• switch 29 which synchronously actuates the two check valves 38 and 39 in the inner channels 12,13 of the injection head 11 in the sense of flow or in the sense of pressure-proof blocking.
• the two pumps 24,26 are first put into operation by means of control 28.
• the check valves 38,39 are opened synchronously by means of switch 29, so that the mixing and Be Glailungsvorgang immediately begins with the presence of both components.
• the switch 29 is again actuated in the sense of synchronous and abrupt blocking of the check valves 38,39. It is thereby ensured that after blocking on the exit surface 37 on the mixer 20 facing end face none of the components more leak and can lead to contamination. In addition, however, it is provided that the exit surface is cleaned after opening the half-shells 31, 32 with a pressurized water jet. In any case, the exit surface is 37 even and without projections or depressions designed so that it can be easily and effectively cleaned.
• Control device 28 control

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
• Geology (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Paleontology (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)
• Consolidation Of Soil By Introduction Of Solidifying Substances Into Soil (AREA)
• Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)
• Devices Affording Protection Of Roads Or Walls For Sound Insulation (AREA)
• Placing Or Removing Of Piles Or Sheet Piles, Or Accessories Thereof (AREA)
• Reduction Or Emphasis Of Bandwidth Of Signals (AREA)
• Earth Drilling (AREA)
• Soil Working Implements (AREA)
• Electrotherapy Devices (AREA)

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• 2005
  • 2005-10-21 DE DE102005050929A patent/DE102005050929B4/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2005-10-21 AU AU2005297473A patent/AU2005297473B2/en not_active Ceased
  • 2005-10-21 EP EP05810675A patent/EP1805395B1/fr active Active
  • 2005-10-21 WO PCT/DE2005/001880 patent/WO2006042530A1/fr active Search and Examination
  • 2005-10-21 DE DE502005010239T patent/DE502005010239D1/de active Active
  • 2005-10-21 CA CA2584378A patent/CA2584378C/fr active Active
  • 2005-10-21 US US11/665,959 patent/US20070264088A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2005-10-21 AT AT05810675T patent/ATE480695T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2005-10-21 PL PL05810675T patent/PL1805395T3/pl unknown
  • 2005-10-21 RU RU2007118695/03A patent/RU2376474C2/ru active
  • 2005-10-21 CN CN2005800363273A patent/CN101048574B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2005-10-21 ZA ZA200702994A patent/ZA200702994B/xx unknown

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