Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
  • C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
  • C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
  • C09K5/04—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D7/00—Compositions of detergents based essentially on non-surface-active compounds
  • C11D7/50—Solvents
  • C11D7/5036—Azeotropic mixtures containing halogenated solvents
  • C11D7/504—Azeotropic mixtures containing halogenated solvents all solvents being halogenated hydrocarbons
  • C11D7/5063—Halogenated hydrocarbons containing heteroatoms, e.g. fluoro alcohols
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
  • C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
  • C08J9/04—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent
  • C08J9/12—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent
  • C08J9/14—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent organic
  • C08J9/143—Halogen containing compounds
  • C08J9/144—Halogen containing compounds containing carbon, halogen and hydrogen only
  • C08J9/146—Halogen containing compounds containing carbon, halogen and hydrogen only only fluorine as halogen atoms
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
  • C09K3/00—Materials not provided for elsewhere
  • C09K3/30—Materials not provided for elsewhere for aerosols
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
  • C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
  • C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
  • C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
  • C09K5/04—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa
  • C09K5/041—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems
  • C09K5/044—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds
  • C09K5/045—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds containing only fluorine as halogen
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
  • C08J2205/00—Foams characterised by their properties
  • C08J2205/04—Foams characterised by their properties characterised by the foam pores
  • C08J2205/052—Closed cells, i.e. more than 50% of the pores are closed
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
  • C08J2207/00—Foams characterised by their intended use
  • C08J2207/04—Aerosol, e.g. polyurethane foam spray
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
  • C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
  • C09K2205/10—Components
  • C09K2205/12—Hydrocarbons
  • C09K2205/122—Halogenated hydrocarbons
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
  • C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
  • C09K2205/10—Components
  • C09K2205/12—Hydrocarbons
  • C09K2205/126—Unsaturated fluorinated hydrocarbons

Definitions

• Halogenated hydrocarbons have found widespread use in a variety of industrial applications, including as refrigerants, aerosol propellants, blowing agents, heat transfer media, gaseous dielectrics, and the like. Because of the suspected environmental problems associated with the use of halogenated hydrocarbon fluids, such as chlorofluorocarbons (“CFCs”), some hydrochlorofluorocarbons (“HCFCs”), and some hydrofluorocarbons (“HFCs”) which tend to exhibit relatively high global warming potentials, it is desirable to use fluids having lower global warming potentials as replacements for these fluids and other disfavored halogenated compounds.
• CFCs chlorofluorocarbons
• HCFCs hydrochlorofluorocarbons
• HFCs hydrofluorocarbons
• compositions comprising iodinated compounds may be used advantageously to replace various chlorinated compounds in refrigeration (and other) applications to reduce potential environmental damage caused thereby.
• iodinated compounds such as trifluoroiodomethane tend to be relatively unstable, and often significantly less stable, than CFCs, HCFCs and HFCs under certain conventional refrigeration conditions.
• HFCs due to their exceptional stability, may or may not use stabilizers incorporated in their compositions as known in the art.
• U.S. Patent No. 5,380,449 discloses compositions comprising dichlorotrifluoroethane and stabilizing amounts of at least one phenol and at least one aromatic or fluorinated alkyl epoxide.
• iodo-compounds tend to be significantly less stable that CFCs and HCFCs, it cannot be predicted from teachings of stabilizers for CFCs and HCFCs (e.g. the '449 disclosure) whether the same or similar compounds are capable of stabilizing iodo-compounds to a sufficient degree for use as CFC/HCFC replacements.
• C-Cl and C-F bonds tend to be at least about 1.5-2 times stronger than C-I bonds. Accordingly, it is not inherent or necessarily reasonable to expect that a compound that stabilizes an HCFC or CFC will be suitable for an iodo- compound which requires about twice the amount of added stability to be useful in refrigerant applications. Applicants have thus recognized the need to produce compositions comprising iodo-compounds, such as trifluoroiodomethane, that are sufficiently stable for a variety of uses including as replacements for CFC, HCFC and HFC refrigerants.
• the present invention provides a variety of compositions comprising trifluoroiodomethane (CF 3 I) that are surprisingly stable and can be used advantageously in a variety of applications, including as refrigerants in various cooling systems.
• trifluoroiodomethane can be combined with a variety of one or more stabilizer compounds to produce a stabilized trifluoroiodomethane composition suitable for industrial use.
• compositions comprising trifluoroiodomethane (CF 3 I) and an effective amount of a stabilizer, preferably comprising at least one phenol compound and/or at least one epoxide, preferably selected from the group consisting of aromatic epoxides and fluorinated alkyl epoxides.
• CF 3 I trifluoroiodomethane
• a stabilizer preferably comprising at least one phenol compound and/or at least one epoxide, preferably selected from the group consisting of aromatic epoxides and fluorinated alkyl epoxides.
• compositions are stable in, and suitable for use in refrigeration and other applications with, a variety of conventional lubricants. Therefore, according to another aspect of the present invention is provided a composition comprising CF 3 I, an effective amount of a stabilizer of the present invention, and a lubricant. According to yet another aspect of the present invention is provided a method of stabilizing a composition comprising CF 3 I, the method comprising providing a composition comprising CF 3 I and introducing to the composition comprising CF 3 I an effective amount of a stabilizer of the present invention.
• the present invention provides a composition comprising trifluoroiodomethane and an effective amount of a stabilizer preferably comprising at least one phenol compound and/or at least one epoxide selected from the group consisting aromatic epoxides, alkyl epoxides, alkenyl epoxides and combinations of two or more thereof.
• Trifluoroiodomethane from any suitable source may be used in the compositions of the present invention.
• commercially available trifluoroiodomethane available from a variety of sources including Matheson TriGas, Inc. and F-Tech may be used.
• trifluoroiodomethane prepared via any of a variety of conventional methods may be used.
• An example of one such conventional method of preparing trifluoroiodomethane is disclosed in "The Degradation of Silver Trifluoroacetate to Trifluoroiodomethane" by A.L. Henne and W. G. Finnegan, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 72, 3806 (1950), which is incorporated herein by reference.
• Any of a variety of phenol compounds is suitable for use in the present compositions. While applicants do not wish to be bound by or to any theory of operation, it is believed that the present phenols act as radical scavengers in the CF 3 I compositions and thereby tend to increase the stability of such compositions.
• phenol compound refers generally to any substituted or unsubstituted phenol.
• suitable phenol compounds include phenols comprising one or more substituted or unsubstituted cyclic, straight-chain, or branched aliphatic substituent group, such as, alkylated monophenols including: 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol; 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol; 2,4-dimethyl-6- tert-butylphenol; tocopherol; and the like, hydroquinone and alkylated hydroquinones including: t-butyl hydroquinone; other derivatives of hydroquinone; and the like, hydroxylated thiodiphenyl ethers including: 4,4'- thiobis (2-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol); 4,4'-thiobis (3 -methyl-6-tert-butylphenol); 2,2'-thiobis (4-methyl-6-ter
• Certain preferred phenols include alkylated monophenols such as tocopherol, BHT, hydroquinones, and the like. Certain particularly preferred phenols include tocopherol, and the like. Most phenols are commercially available. A single phenol compound and/or mixtures of two or more phenols may be used in the present compositions. Any of a variety of epoxides is suitable for use in the compositions of the present invention. While applicants do not wish to be bound by or to any theory of operation, it is believed that the epoxides of the present invention act as acid scavengers in the CF 3 I compositions and thereby tend to increase the stability of such compositions. A single aromatic epoxide and/or mixtures of two or more aromatic epoxides may be used in the present compositions. Examples of suitable aromatic epoxides include those defined by the formula I below:
• R is hydrogen, hydroxyl, alkyl, fluoroalkyl, aryl, fluoroaryl, or O / ⁇ — O— CH 2 -CH— CH 2 ;
• Ar is a substituted or unsubstituted phenylene or napthylene moiety.
• Certain preferred aromatic epoxides of Formula I include those wherein Ar is phenylene or phenylene substituted with one or more substituents including alkyls, alkenyls, alkynyls, aryls, alkylaryls, halogens, halogenated alkyls, halogenated alkenyls, halogenated alkynyls, halogenated aryls, halogenated arylalkyls, hydroxyls, heteroatom moieties, and the like.
• Examples of suitable compounds of Formula I wherein Ar is an unsubstituted or substituted phenylene include butylphenylglycidyl ether; pentylphenylglycidyl ether; hexylphenylglycidyl ether; heptylphenylglycidyl ether; octylphenylglycidyl ether; nonylphenylglycidyl ether; decylphenylglycidyl ether; glycidyl methyl phenyl ether; 1 ,4-diglycidyl phenyl diether; 4-methoxy ⁇ henyl glycidyl ether; derivatives thereof; and the like.
• Certain other preferred aromatic epoxides of Formula I include those wherein Ar is napthylene or napthylene substituted with one or more substituents including alkyls, alkenyls, alkynyls, aryls, alkylaryls, halogens, halogenated alkyls, halogenated alkenyls, halogenated alkynyls, halogenated aryls, halogenated arylalkyls, hydroxyls, heteroatom moieties, and the like.
• Examples of suitable compounds of Formula I wherein Ar is an unsubstituted or substituted napthylene include naphthyl glycidyl ether; 1,4-diglycidyl naphthyl diether; derivatives thereof; and the like.
• Examples of other suitable aromatic epoxides include bisoxiranes, such as, 2,2'[[[5-heptadecafluorooctyl] l,3phenylene]bis[[2,2,2trifluoromethyl] ethylidene]oxymethylene] bisoxirane; and the like.
• the aromatic epoxides for use in the present invention comprise an epoxide of Formula I wherein Ar is phenylene, substituted phenylene, napthylene, or substituted napthylene. More preferably, the aromatic epoxides comprise an epoxide of Formula I wherein Ar is phenylene or substituted phenylene. Examples of certain more preferred aromatic epoxides include butylphenyl glycidyl ether, and the like. Any of a variety of alkyl and/or alkenyl epoxides is suitable for use in the present compositions. Examples of suitable alkyl and alkenyl epoxides include those of Formula II: O / ⁇ Ralk— OCH 2 -CH— CH 2
• R a ik is a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl or alkenyl group.
• Certain preferred epoxides of Formula II comprise alkyl epoxide compounds wherein R alk is an alkyl group having from about 1 to about 10 carbon atoms, more preferably from about 1 to about 6 carbon atoms, and wherein the alkyl may be unsubstituted or further substituted with one or more substituents including alkyls, alkenyls, alkynyls, aryls, alkylaryls, halogens, halogenated alkyls, halogenated alkenyls, halogenated alkynyls, halogenated aryls, halogenated arylalkyls, hydroxyls, heteroatom moieties, and the like.
• alkyl epoxides of Formula II include n-butyl glycidyl ether, isobutyl glycidyl ether, hexanediol diglycidyl ether, and the like, as well as, fluorinated and perfluorinated alkyl epoxides, and the like.
• Certain more preferred alkyl epoxides comprise hexanediol diglycidyl ether, and the like.
• Certain other preferred epoxides of Formula II comprise alkenyl epoxide compounds wherein R a is an alkenyl group having from about 1 to about 10 carbon atoms, more preferably from about 1 to about 6 carbon atoms, and wherein the alkenyl may be unsubstituted or further substituted with one or more substituents including alkyls, alkenyls, alkynyls, aryls, alkylaryls, halogens, halogenated alkyls, halogenated alkenyls, halogenated alkynyls, halogenated aryls, halogenated arylalkyls, hydroxyls, heteroatom moieties, and the like.
• alkenyl epoxides of Formula II examples include allyl glycidyl ether, fluorinated and perfluorinated alkenyl epoxides, and the like. More preferred alkenyl epoxides include allyl glycidyl ether, and the like. A single alkyl epoxide or alkenyl epoxide and/or combinations of two or more thereof may be used in the present compositions. In certain other preferred embodiments, the alkyl epoxide for use as an acid scavenger in the present composition comprises polypropylene glycol diglycidyl ether.
• polypropylene glycol diglycidyl ether suitable for use in the present invention includes the ether available commercially from SACHEM, Europe.
• the epoxide for use in the present invention comprises combinations of two or more aromatic, alkyl, and/or alkenyl substituents. Such epoxides are referred to generally as "multisubstituted epoxides.”
• the stabilizer for use in the present invention comprises a combination of at least one phenol compound and at least one aromatic, alkyl, or alkenyl epoxide.
• suitable combinations include stabilizers comprising: tocopherol and allyl glycidyl ether, BHT and glycidyl butyl ether, and the like. Certain particularly preferred combinations include stabilizers comprising: tocopherol and allyl glycidyl ether, and the like. Any suitable relative amount of the at least one phenol compound and/or the at least one aromatic, alkyl, or alkenyl epoxide may be used in the preferred stabilizers. In certain preferred embodiments, both phenol and epoxide compound are present, with the weight ratio of phenol compound(s) to aromatic or fluorinated alkyl epoxide(s) ranging preferably from about 1:99 to about 99: 1.
• the weight ratios of phenol compound(s) to aromatic, alkyl, alkenyl, multisubstituted, or fluorinated alkyl epoxide(s) is from about 30: 1 to about 1 :1 , more preferably from about 7: 1 to about 1 : 1 , more preferably from about 2: 1 to about 1 :1, and even more preferably about 1:1. Any suitable effective amount of stabilizer may be used in the trifluoroiodomethane compositions of the present invention.
• the term "effective amount” refers to an amount of stabilizer of the present invention which, when added to a composition comprising trifluoroiodomethane, results in a stabilized composition wherein the trifluoroiodomethane therein degrades more slowly and/or to a lesser degree relative to the original composition, under the same, or similar, conditions.
• an "effective amount" of stabilizer comprises an amount which, when added to a composition comprising trifluoroiodomethane, results in a stabilized composition wherein the trifluoroiodomethane therein degrades more slowly and/or to a lesser degree relative to the original composition under the conditions of at least one, or both, of the standards tests SAE J 1662 (issued June 1993) and/or ASHRAE 97-1983R.
• an "effective amount" of stabilizer comprises an amount which, when added to a composition comprising trifluoroiodomethane, results in a composition having a stability that is at least as good as, if not better, than the stability of a comparable composition comprising dichlorodifluoromethane (R-12) in mineral oil, as measured according to at least one, or both, of the standard tests SAE J1662 (issued June 1993) and/or ASHRAE 97-1983R.
• Certain preferred effective amounts of stabilizer for use in the present invention comprise from about 0.001 to about 10, more preferably from about 0.01 to about 5, even more preferably from about 0.3 to about 4 weight percent, and even more preferably from about 0.3 to about 1 weight percent based on the total weight of trifluoroiodomethane in the composition of the present invention.
• the CF 3 I compositions of the present invention further comprise one or more hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) and/or hydrocarbon fluids.
• any combination of one or more HFCs or hydrocarbons may be added to the present compositions, provided that the resulting CF 3 I compositions have a 100 year Global Warming Potential (GWP) of preferably less that about 1000, more preferably less than about 500, more preferably less than about 150, preferably less than about 50, more preferably less than about 20, and even more preferably less than about 10.
• GWP Global Warming Potential
• Certain preferred HFCs for use in the present compositions include HFO-1234yf, HFO-
• compositions of the present invention further comprise a lubricant.
• any of a variety of conventional and unconventional lubricants may be used in the compositions of the present invention.
• An important requirement for the lubricant in many preferred systems is that, when in use in a refrigerant system, there must be sufficient lubricant returning to the compressor of the system such that the compressor is lubricated.
• suitability of a lubricant for any given system is determined partly by the refrigerant/lubricant characteristics and partly by the characteristics of the system in which it is intended to be used.
• suitable lubricants which are generally those commonly used in refrigeration machinery using or designed to use hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) refrigerants, chloroflurocarbon refrigerants and hydrochlorofluorocarbons refrigerants, include mineral oils, silicone oil, polyalkyl benzenes (sometimes referred to as PABs), polyol esters (sometimes referred to as POEs), polyalkylene glycols (sometimes referred to as PAGs), polyalkylene glycol esters (sometimes referred to as PAG esters), polyvinyl ethers (sometimes referred to as PNEs), poly(alpha-olefin) (sometimes referred to as PAOs), and the like.
• HFC hydrofluorocarbon
• PABs polyalkyl benzenes
• POEs polyol esters
• PAGs polyalkylene glycols
• PAG esters polyalkylene glycol esters
• PNEs polyvinyl ethers
• PAOs poly(
• Mineral oil which comprises paraffin oil or naphthenic oil, is commercially available.
• mineral oils include Witco LP 250 (registered trademark) from Witco, Zerol 300 (registered trademark) from Shrieve Chemical, Sunisco 3GS from Witco, and Calumet R015 from Calumet.
• commercially available polyalkyl benzene lubricants include Zerol 150 (registered trademark).
• commercially available esters include neopentyl glycol dipelargonate which is available as Emery 2917 (registered trademark) and Hatcol 2370 (registered trademark). Other useful esters include phosphate esters, dibasic acid esters, and fluoroesters.
• Preferred lubricants include polyalkylene glycols and esters.
• lubricants PAGs, PAG esters, PVEs, and POEs particularly for systems comprising vapor compression refrigeration, air-conditioning (especially for automotive air conditioning) and heat pumps.
• lubricants mineral oil or PAB for refrigeration systems using or designed to use.
• the lubricants of this invention are organic compounds which are comprised of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen with a ratio of oxygen to carbon selected to provide, in combination with the amounts used, to have effective solubility and/or miscibility with the refrigerant to ensure sufficient return of the lubricant to the compressor of the system.
• This solubility or miscibility preferably exists at least one temperature from about -30°C and 70°C.
• PAGs and PAG esters are highly preferred in certain embodiments because they are currently in use in particular applications such as original equipment mobile air-conditioning systems.
• Polyol esters are highly preferred in other certain embodiments because they are currently in use in particular non- mobile applications such as residential, commercial, and industrial air conditioning and refrigeration.
• Suitable additives include metal passivators such as nitromethane, extreme pressure (EP) additives which improve the lubricity and load bearing characteristics of the lubricant, and corrosion inhibitors.
• metal passivators such as nitromethane
• EP extreme pressure
• suitable EP additives include organophosphates, such as Lubrizol® 8478, made by the Lubrizol corporation, and the EP additives described in U.S. Patent No. 4,755,316 (See, for example, Table D), which is incorporated herein by reference.
• suitable corrosion inhibitors include those also described in U.S. Patent No. 4,755,316. Flame suppression agents may also be included.
• the present invention further provides methods for stabilizing a composition comprising trifluoroiodomethane including the steps of providing a composition comprising trifluoroiodomethane and introducing to the composition an effective amount of a stabilizer comprising at least one phenol compound and at least one epoxide selected from the group consisting of aromatic epoxides, alkyl epoxides, alkenyl epoxides, and combinations of two or more thereof.
• Any suitable composition comprising trifluoroiodomethane may be provided according to the present invention.
• Such suitable provided compositions may include, in addition to trifluoroiodomethane, any one or more of the HFC/hydrocarbon fluids, additives, or lubricants as discussed above.
• the provided composition may also include one or more stabilizers as detailed above, or as otherwise known in the art - provided that the stabilized composition is further capable of being stabilized according to the present methods.
• Any suitable method for introducing an effective amount of stabilizer of the present invention to the provided trifluoroiodomethane composition may be used in the claimed methods.
• the stabilizer may be introduced to the trifluoroiodomethane composition by methods comprising pouring, injecting, spraying, pipeting, adding dropwise, pumping, combinations of two or more thereof, and the like, either or both of the stabilizer or trifluoroiodomethane composition into the other of the stabilizer or trifluoroiodomethane composition.
• the stabilizer of the present invention may be further mixed with another fluid prior to introducing the stabilizer to the trifluoroiodomethane composition.
• the introducing step comprises introducing to the trifluoroiodomethane composition a fluid composition comprising the stabilizer, and optionally, further comprising any one or more of the HFC/hydrocarbon fluids, additives, or lubricants as discussed above, to be introduced to the trifluoroiodomethane composition.
• the introducing step comprises introducing a lubricant composition, that is, a composition comprising the stabilizer and at least one lubricant, preferably an effective amount of stabilizer, to the trifluoroiodomethane composition.
• the introducing step of the present methods comprises introducing a lubricant composition comprising an effective amount of stabilizer to the trifluoroiodomethane composition.
• a lubricant composition comprising an effective amount of stabilizer to the trifluoroiodomethane composition.
• Example 1 This example illustrates a stabilized composition of the present invention comprising CF 3 I and a stabilizer comprising tocopherol and allyl glycidyl ether.
• Trifluoroiodomethane (1.6 grams) is added to 3 grams of mineral oil containing tocopherol (lwt.% based on the total weight of the mineral oil) and allyl glycidyl epoxide (lwt.% based on the total weight of the mineral oil).
• the resulting mixture is placed into a glass tube with metal coupons of aluminum, steel, and copper and the tube is sealed.
• the sealed glass tube is put into an oven at 300°F for two weeks. After such time the tube is removed and observed.
• the mixture is one phase, indicating that the refrigerant is miscible and soluble in the mineral oil.
• the liquid in the tube is clear with a light yellow color. The steel coupon appears unchanged.
• Example 2 This example illustrates a stabilized composition of the present invention comprising CF I , HFO-1234yf, and a stabilizer comprising tocopherol and allyl glycidyl ether.
• a mixture of 25wt.% trifluoroiodomethane and 75 wt.% HFO-1234yf is made and 1.6 grams of the mixture is added to 3 grams of polyalkylene glycol oil containing tocopherol (lwt.% based on the total weight of the mineral oil) and allyl glycidyl epoxide (lwt.% based on the total weight of the mineral oil).
• the resulting mixture is placed into a glass tube with metal coupons of aluminum, steel, and copper and the tube is sealed.
• the sealed glass tube is put into an oven at 300°F for two weeks. After such time the tube is removed and observed. Upon observation, the mixture is one phase, indicating that the refrigerant is miscible and soluble in the mineral oil. In addition, the liquid in the tube is clear with a light yellow color. The steel coupon appears unchanged.
• Comparative example 1 This example illustrates a relatively unstable composition comprising CF 3 I and HFO-1234yf.
• a 50:50 mixture of trifluoroiodomethane and HFO-1234yf is prepared and about 3 grams of the mixture is sealed in a glass tube with an equal amount by weight of polyalkylene glycol oil.
• the sealed glass tube is put into an oven at 300°F for three weeks. After removal, the contents of the tube have changed from colorless to brown, indicating decomposition of the trifluoroiodomethane refrigerant.
• Example 3 This example illustrates a stabilized composition of the present invention comprising CF 3 I, HFO-1234yf, and a stabilizer comprising BHT and butyl glycidyl ether.
• a mixture similar to that of comparative example 1 is prepared and placed in a sealed glass tube, except that 5 wt.% (based on the total weight of the polyalkylene glycol oil) of a 50:50 mixture of BHT and butyl glycidyl ether is added to the polyalkylene glycol lubricant.
• the sealed glass tube is put into an oven at 300°F for three weeks. After removal, the contents of the tube appear relatively unchanged, indicating significant improvement in the stability thereof.
• Comparative example 2 This example illustrates a relatively unstable composition comprising CF 3 I and HFO-1234yf.
• a 50:50 mixture of trifluoroiodomethane and HFO-1234yf is prepared and the mixture is sealed in a glass tube containing coupons of copper, steel, and aluminum, with an equal amount by weight of polyalkylene glycol oil.
• the sealed glass tube is put into an oven at 300°F for two weeks. After removal, the contents of the tube were opaque and black, indicating severe decomposition.
• Example 4 This example illustrates a stabilized composition of the present invention comprising CF 3 I, HFO-1234yf, and a stabilizer comprising BHT and butyl glycidyl ether.
• a mixture similar to that of comparative example 2 is prepared and placed in a sealed glass tube containing coupons of copper, steel, and aluminum, except that 5 wt.% (based on the total weight of polyalkylene glycol oil) of a 50:50 mixture of BHT and butyl glycidyl ether is added to the polyalkylene glycol lubricant.
• the sealed glass tube is put into an oven at 300°F for two weeks. After removal, the contents of the tube have changed to a light transparent brown color, indicating a significant reduction in decomposition as compared to the composition of comparative example 2.

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• 2005
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