EP1605102A1 - Profile metallique et mur l'utilisant - Google Patents

Profile metallique et mur l'utilisant Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1605102A1
EP1605102A1 EP04721344A EP04721344A EP1605102A1 EP 1605102 A1 EP1605102 A1 EP 1605102A1 EP 04721344 A EP04721344 A EP 04721344A EP 04721344 A EP04721344 A EP 04721344A EP 1605102 A1 EP1605102 A1 EP 1605102A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
projections
wall
shaped steel
concrete
projection
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP04721344A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1605102A4 (fr
Inventor
Kunihiko c/o JFE R & D Corporation ONDA
Yuichi c/o JFE Steel Corporation TATSUMI
Yasushi c/o JFE Steel Corporation WAKIYA
Akira c/o JFE Steel Corporation YAMAGUCHI
Takeshi c/o JFE Steel Corporation ISHIZAWA
Atsushi. c/o Obayashi Corporation TAKEDA
Mitsuo c/o Obayashi Corporation HIGASHINO
Jyunichi c/o Obayashi Corporation HIRAO
Toshinobu c/o Obayashi Corporation KAWAKAMI
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
JFE Steel Corp
Obayashi Corp
Original Assignee
JFE Steel Corp
Obayashi Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by JFE Steel Corp, Obayashi Corp filed Critical JFE Steel Corp
Publication of EP1605102A1 publication Critical patent/EP1605102A1/fr
Publication of EP1605102A4 publication Critical patent/EP1605102A4/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/56—Load-bearing walls of framework or pillarwork; Walls incorporating load-bearing elongated members
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/04—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal
    • E04C3/06—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal with substantially solid, i.e. unapertured, web
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/02—Sheet piles or sheet pile bulkheads
    • E02D5/03—Prefabricated parts, e.g. composite sheet piles
    • E02D5/10—Prefabricated parts, e.g. composite sheet piles made of concrete or reinforced concrete
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/56—Load-bearing walls of framework or pillarwork; Walls incorporating load-bearing elongated members
    • E04B2/562—Load-bearing walls of framework or pillarwork; Walls incorporating load-bearing elongated members with fillings between the load-bearing elongated members
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/56—Load-bearing walls of framework or pillarwork; Walls incorporating load-bearing elongated members
    • E04B2/58—Load-bearing walls of framework or pillarwork; Walls incorporating load-bearing elongated members with elongated members of metal
    • E04B2/60—Load-bearing walls of framework or pillarwork; Walls incorporating load-bearing elongated members with elongated members of metal characterised by special cross-section of the elongated members
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/29—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces built-up from parts of different material, i.e. composite structures
    • E04C3/293—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces built-up from parts of different material, i.e. composite structures the materials being steel and concrete
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
    • E04C5/01—Reinforcing elements of metal, e.g. with non-structural coatings
    • E04C5/02—Reinforcing elements of metal, e.g. with non-structural coatings of low bending resistance
    • E04C5/03—Reinforcing elements of metal, e.g. with non-structural coatings of low bending resistance with indentations, projections, ribs, or the like, for augmenting the adherence to the concrete
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/04—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal
    • E04C2003/0404—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects
    • E04C2003/0443—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects characterised by substantial shape of the cross-section
    • E04C2003/0452—H- or I-shaped

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a shaped steel beam that is applicable to the fields of civil engineering and construction, and to a wall using the shaped steel beam.
  • projections are provided on the surface of an H-beam, and concrete is provided around the H-beam.
  • an H-beam with projections an H-beam having projections on inner faces of flanges is known (for example, Japanese Examined Patent Application Publication No. 1-55042).
  • an SRC wall using H-beams 101 is known, as shown in FIG. 27.
  • the wall shown in FIG. 27 includes horizontal reinforcements 104 extending on both sides of concrete 103 in the horizontal direction of the wall, and main reinforcements 105 extending in the vertical direction of the wall so as to cross the horizontal reinforcements 104.
  • H-beams 101 are provided in the center of the wall.
  • a first object of the present invention is to obtain a shaped steel beam that provides a strong bonding force to concrete by specifying the size and arrangement of projections.
  • the horizontal reinforcements 104, the main reinforcements 105, and the concrete 103 constitute the steel-concrete structure, and a fixed amount of concrete 103 needs to be disposed around the horizontal reinforcements 104 and the main reinforcements 105. For this reason, a predetermined distance B10 in FIG. 27 is necessary, and as a result, the thickness A10 of the wall is increased.
  • a second object of the present invention is to obtain a wall having a reduced thickness.
  • FIGS. 1(a) and 1(b) are explanatory views of an H-beam 1 with projections according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1(a) is a schematic plan view
  • FIG. 1(b) is a cross-sectional view taken along line X-X.
  • projections 2 of rectangular cross section are provided at a plurality of positions in the longitudinal direction of the H-beam on four inner faces of flanges so that the longitudinal direction of the projections coincides with the direction of the flange width Wf, as shown in FIGS. 1(a) and 1(b).
  • the projections 2 on the flange inner faces have a projection height h1, a projection width b, and a projection length L1, and are not in contact with the corners defined by the flanges and a web.
  • the projection pitch P is set to be within the range of 4b to 40h1
  • the projection height h1 is set to be within the range of 2mm to 50 mm in order to increase the bonding force with respect to concrete or solidification soil.
  • the projections 2 are provided so that the longitudinal direction thereof is parallel to the direction of the flange width Wf.
  • the bonding characteristic is similar in the rightward and leftward directions, there is no difference in strength, and stable bonding performance can be achieved.
  • the characteristic may vary depending on the bonding direction.
  • FIGS. 2(a) and 2(b) are explanatory views of an H-beam 11 with projections according to a second embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2(a) is a schematic plan view
  • FIG. 2(b) is a cross-sectional view taken along line X-X.
  • projections 2 of rectangular cross section are provided on four inner faces of flanges, in a manner similar to that in the projections 2 of the first embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, and projections 2A serving as bonding-force increasing means are provided at a plurality of positions in the longitudinal direction of the H-beam on both surfaces of a web so that the longitudinal direction thereof coincides with the height direction of the web.
  • the projections 2A are provided on both surfaces of the web, and have a projection height h2, a projection width b, and a projection length L2. Both the projections 2 on the flange inner faces and the projections 2A on the web surfaces are out of contact with the corners defined by the flanges and the web.
  • the projection height h2, the projection width b, and the projection length L2 of the projections 2A provided on the web surfaces can be determined independently of the projections 2 on the flange inner faces.
  • the projection pitch P be set to be within the range of 4b to 40h2
  • the projection height h2 be set to be within the range of 2 mm to 50 mm, in a manner similar to that in the first embodiment.
  • the projections on the web surfaces may function as auxiliary means for increasing the bonding force. In this case, it is not always necessary to satisfy the above-described shape and arrangement requirements.
  • FIG. 3 is an explanatory view of an H-beam 21 with projections according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • projections 2 having a projection height h1, a projection width b, and a projection length L1 are provided on four inner faces of flanges
  • projections 2B having a projection height h2, a projection width b, and a projection length L3 are provided on web surfaces, as shown in FIG. 3.
  • Both the projections 2 on the flange inner faces and the projections 2B on the web surfaces are in contact with the corners defined by the flanges and the web, and the projections 2B are not provided at the centers of the web surfaces.
  • the above-described contact with the corners can further increase the bonding force with respect to concrete or solidification soil (composition effect).
  • the projection length L3 of the projections 2B provided on the web surfaces of the H-beam 21 with projections in the third embodiment is set to be smaller than the projection length L2 of the projections 2A provided on the web surfaces of the H-beam 11 with projections in the second embodiment.
  • the shape and arrangement of the projections that is, the projection pitch P, the projection width b, and the projection heights h1 and h2 are similar to those in the first and second embodiments.
  • the H-beam with projections according to the present invention can provide a certain bonding force even when the projections are inclined with respect to the flange width direction, as described above.
  • the projections 2 in the first embodiment may be formed on the flange inner faces by rolling, or cutting a projection material, such as a square bar, a round bar, a deformed bar, or a stud, into pieces of a predetermined length and fixing the pieces onto the flange inner faces.
  • a projection material such as a square bar, a round bar, a deformed bar, or a stud
  • the projection material be made of steel.
  • the projections 2A and 2B can be formed in a manner similar to that in the projections 2.
  • FIG. 4 is an explanatory view of a wall according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention, showing the horizontal cross section of the wall disposed in a standing manner.
  • the wall of the fourth embodiment uses the H-beams 1 with projections in the first embodiment as structural elements, as shown in FIG. 4. Only the H-beams 1 with projections are used as structural elements (FIG. 4(a)), horizontal reinforcements 4 are used as structural elements, besides the H-beams 1 with projections (FIG. 4(b)), and vertical reinforcements 5 are further provided as structural elements (FIG. 4(c)).
  • the H-beams 1 with projections since the H-beams 1 with projections has a strong bonding force with respect to concrete or solidification soil, they are combined with the concrete or solidification soil, thereby forming a steel-concrete structure in which the H-beams mainly bear the tensile force and concrete or the like bears the compressive force.
  • the distance B1 from the flange outer faces of the H-beams 1 with projections to the wall surfaces can be made smaller than the distance B10 from the flange outer faces to the wall surfaces in the conventional case, and the thickness of the wall can be reduced.
  • the thickness of the wall can also be reduced in this respect.
  • the maximum bonding stress ⁇ ' max (N/mm 2 ) of the wall, in which a plurality of H-beams 1 with projections stand, with respect to concrete is 2.7 to 25 times as strong as in the case in which concrete is not constrained between the flanges (that is, only one beam with projections is provided).
  • the distance between the centers of the adjacent H-beams 1 with projections 1 be 1.0 to 2.5 times as long as the flange width, depending on the force applied to the wall.
  • the web height of the H-beams 1 with projections is 600 mm or more
  • the flange width Wf is 300 mm or more
  • the steel yield point is 315 N/mm 2 or more in order to place tubes, called tremie tubes (generally, having a diameter of 200 mm to 250 mm), between the adjacent H-beams 1 and to sufficiently reduce the wall thickness.
  • FIG. 4(b) A wall structure shown in FIG. 4(b) will now be described.
  • horizontal reinforcements 4 are provided at a plurality of positions in the wall height direction so as to be in contact with the outer faces of flanges of H-beams 1 with projections, as described above.
  • FIG. 4(b) it is possible to increase the resistance to the bending force orthogonal to the horizontal reinforcements 4 acting on the wall.
  • the horizontal reinforcements 4 are auxiliary structural elements, and the distance B2 from the flange outer faces to the wall surfaces can be made shorter than that in the case in which the concrete 103 and the reinforcements 104 must be bonded, as shown in FIG. 27.
  • FIG. 4(c) A wall structure shown in FIG. 4(c) will now be described.
  • main reinforcements 5 are provided between the adjacent H-beams 1 with projections so as to be in contact with the inner sides of the horizontal reinforcements 4 and to cross the horizontal reinforcements 4, as described above.
  • the main reinforcements 5 are provided inside the horizontal reinforcements 4, they do not increase the distance B3 between the flange outer faces and the wall surfaces, and the thickness of the entire wall can be reduced.
  • the location accuracy of the H-beams 1 with projections can be increased by coupling the adjacent H-beams.
  • flat bars are used as coupling members.
  • flat bars are fixed to the flanges of the H-beams 1 with projections by welding, and the adjacent H-beams 1 are coupled by the flat bars fixed thereto.
  • the adjacent H-beams 1 with projections in the steel structure can be coupled by welding the horizontal reinforcements 4 onto the flange faces.
  • H-beams 1 with projections in the first embodiment are used as an example in the above fourth embodiment, it is needless to say that a wall can be built by using the H-beams 11 and 21 of the second and third embodiments as structural elements.
  • an underground wall can be built, as shown in FIGS. 6(a) and 6(b).
  • a retaining wall is formed in the ground, the ground on the side of an in-ground space is dug to the retaining wall, and earth and sand are removed.
  • a plurality of H-beams with projections are placed in a standing manner at intervals in the longitudinal direction of the wall so that the outer faces of the flanges oppose the wall surfaces, thereby forming a steel structure.
  • the steel structure is combined with concrete or solidification soil to form a wall by placing the concrete or solidification soil into a form.
  • the space between the wall having the steel structure in which the H-beams with projections are used as structural elements, and the retaining wall is backfilled to obtain an underground wall.
  • the samples include an H-beam 1 having a web height H of 588 mm, a flange width Wf of 300 mm, a web thickness of 12 mm, and a flange thickness of 20 mm, and concrete 31 having a compressive strength ⁇ c of 29 (N/mm 2 ) after solidification.
  • the projections 2 of the H-beams 1 with projections used in Samples 2, 3, and 4 were made from a square steel bar as a projection material, and were welded to the H-beams 1. In the test, the concrete was clamped and constrained from both sides by a steel jig.
  • a load in a direction shown by the arrow in FIG. 7 was imposed on each of the obtained sample, and the concrete slip was detected.
  • the horizontal axis indicates the concrete slip (mm)
  • the vertical axis indicates the average bond stress ⁇ (N/mm 2 ).
  • the load was imposed by a displacement-controlled push-out monotonic loading method.
  • Table 1 shows the maximum bonding stresses ⁇ ' max of the above samples, the ratios of the maximum bonding stresses ⁇ ' max of the samples to the maximum bonding stress ⁇ ' max of Sample 1, the maximum loads, and the concrete slips under the maximum loads. Since it is assumed that the allowable concrete slip between the steel and the concrete in the steel-concrete wall is approximately 5 mm, comparisons were made within the range. Shape of Projection Sample No.
  • Table 1 shows that the maximum bonding stresses in Samples 2 to 4 having projections are markedly heavier than in Sample 1 having no projection.
  • a thinner wall having high bearing force and high rigidity can be achieved by using the H-beams 1 having projections on the flange inner faces according to the present invention.
  • Example 1 A test similar to that in Example 1 was made to examine the bonding characteristics of rolled projections (see FIGS. 11(a), 11(b) and 24).
  • Samples 5, 9, and 10 are given according to the present invention
  • Sample 6 is given as a comparative example to verify the influence of the projection pitch
  • Sample 7 is given as a comparative example to verify the influence of the projection height
  • Sample 8 is given according to the present invention to verify the influence of the projection orientation.
  • the concrete was clamped and constrained from both sides by a steel jig, in a manner similar to that in Example 1.
  • the projection height h for obtaining a predetermined bonding strength be set within the range of the present invention (P/h ⁇ 40).
  • FIGS. 11(a) and 11(b) When curved projections were provided, as shown in FIGS. 11(a) and 11(b), a direction of the projections such that concave faces push out the concrete was designated as a reverse direction (FIG. 11(a), Sample 8), and a direction of the projections such that convex faces push out the concrete was designated as a reverse direction (FIG. 11(b), Sample 5).
  • protuberances are sometimes formed at the border between the flange and the web. By inspection of the influence of the protuberances on the bonding force, it was confirmed that at least the protuberances did not reduce the bonding force.
  • Projections 2 having a projection height of 3 mm, a projection width of 12.5 mm, and a projection length of 50 mm were provided at a projection pitch P of 50 mm on inner faces of flanges of H-beams having the same cross-sectional size as that in Example 1.
  • the projections 2 of the H-beams 1 with projections on the flange inner faces were made from a square steel bar serving as a projection material, and were placed by welding, as shown in FIGS. 1(a) and 1(b).
  • a simulated wall was built with the H-beams 1 having projections on flange inner faces used as structural elements, as shown in FIGS. 14(a), 14(b), and 14(c), and was tested by repeatedly applying a load in the direction shown by the arrow in the figure.
  • the maximum load with respect to the displacement at a load point in the simulated wall using the H-beams having the projections on the flange inner faces according to the present invention was more than 1.3 times the maximum load of a simulated wall having no projections, and a strong bearing force was provided.
  • the rigidity of the simulated wall using the H-beams having projections on the flange inner faces according to the present invention was more than 1.3 times the rigidity of the simulated wall using the H-beams having no projections.
  • Examples 1 to 3 described above demonstrated that a predetermined bonding strength with respect to the push-out force could be ensured.
  • FIG. 16 is an explanatory view of the sample of this example having a structure in which an H-beam 1 disposed at the center is surrounded by concrete 31.
  • Protective plates 33 are provided at both ends and at the axial center of the sample to protect the concrete 31, the ends are supported, and a load is applied to the axial center.
  • the specifications of the H-beam are similar to those in Example 1, and the specifications of the projections (including a production method and size) and the specifications of the concrete are similar to those in Sample 5 described in Example 2.
  • the expected performance the steel-concrete wall was obtained by calculation with FEM analysis.
  • dynamic characteristics of the concrete and the H-beam in the sample model were modeled by a stress-strain curve (nonlinear model) obtained by component tests, and the bonding characteristic at the interface between the concrete and the H-beam was modeled by an interface element based on a push-out bonding test.
  • FIG. 17 is a graph showing the test results.
  • the horizontal axis indicates the deflection (mm) at the load point, and the vertical axis indicates the load (kN).
  • the bonding force with respect to concrete can be increased.
  • the thickness of the wall can be reduced.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Rod-Shaped Construction Members (AREA)
  • Bulkheads Adapted To Foundation Construction (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Load-Bearing And Curtain Walls (AREA)
  • Reinforcement Elements For Buildings (AREA)
  • Finishing Walls (AREA)
EP04721344A 2003-03-18 2004-03-17 Profile metallique et mur l'utilisant Withdrawn EP1605102A4 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2003073396 2003-03-18
JP2003073396 2003-03-18
JP2003306701 2003-08-29
JP2003306701 2003-08-29
JP2003431714 2003-12-26
JP2003431714A JP4278149B2 (ja) 2003-03-18 2003-12-26 形鋼及び該形鋼を用いた壁体
PCT/JP2004/003581 WO2004083533A1 (fr) 2003-03-18 2004-03-17 Profile metallique et mur l'utilisant

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1605102A1 true EP1605102A1 (fr) 2005-12-14
EP1605102A4 EP1605102A4 (fr) 2008-07-30

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EP04721344A Withdrawn EP1605102A4 (fr) 2003-03-18 2004-03-17 Profile metallique et mur l'utilisant

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US20060248840A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1605102A4 (fr)
JP (1) JP4278149B2 (fr)
KR (1) KR100752618B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN100439606C (fr)
TW (1) TWI271465B (fr)
WO (1) WO2004083533A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

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CN104499642A (zh) * 2015-01-16 2015-04-08 山东钢铁股份有限公司 H型钢

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US7556454B2 (en) * 2004-11-19 2009-07-07 Nucor Yamato Steel Company Irregularly surfaced H pile
JP4519023B2 (ja) * 2005-07-21 2010-08-04 Ｊｆｅエンジニアリング株式会社 鋼・コンクリート合成ラーメン橋、及び、その施工方法
JP4649283B2 (ja) * 2005-07-21 2011-03-09 Ｊｆｅエンジニアリング株式会社 形鋼を用いた柱状構造体、橋脚又は基礎杭及び、その製作方法
JP4961806B2 (ja) * 2006-04-03 2012-06-27 株式会社大林組 ソイルセメント壁、基礎構造
JP2008063803A (ja) * 2006-09-07 2008-03-21 Jfe Engineering Kk 内リブ付形鋼を用いた合成床版、合成床版橋又は合成桁橋
KR101252173B1 (ko) * 2010-11-23 2013-04-05 엘지전자 주식회사 히트 펌프 및 그 제어방법
CN104499643B (zh) * 2015-01-16 2016-08-24 山东钢铁股份有限公司 H型钢
CN104563285A (zh) * 2015-01-16 2015-04-29 山东钢铁股份有限公司 H型钢混凝土结构
CN105133794A (zh) * 2015-09-22 2015-12-09 武汉理工大学 开孔式型钢混凝土结构
CN113677448B (zh) * 2019-04-08 2024-02-02 杰富意钢铁株式会社 方形钢管及其制造方法以及建筑构造物
CN219365030U (zh) * 2023-02-21 2023-07-18 中国地震局地球物理研究所 一种新型结构的剪力墙

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CN100439606C (zh) 2008-12-03
JP4278149B2 (ja) 2009-06-10
JP2005098059A (ja) 2005-04-14
TW200500537A (en) 2005-01-01
KR20050109991A (ko) 2005-11-22
KR100752618B1 (ko) 2007-08-29
EP1605102A4 (fr) 2008-07-30

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