EP1573195B1 - Saugrohr und zugeh riges herstellungsverfahren - Google Patents
Saugrohr und zugeh riges herstellungsverfahren Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1573195B1 EP1573195B1 EP03813075A EP03813075A EP1573195B1 EP 1573195 B1 EP1573195 B1 EP 1573195B1 EP 03813075 A EP03813075 A EP 03813075A EP 03813075 A EP03813075 A EP 03813075A EP 1573195 B1 EP1573195 B1 EP 1573195B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- connection
- tubular parts
- injection
- specified
- section
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 15
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011796 hollow space material Substances 0.000 claims 2
- GHYOCDFICYLMRF-UTIIJYGPSA-N (2S,3R)-N-[(2S)-3-(cyclopenten-1-yl)-1-[(2R)-2-methyloxiran-2-yl]-1-oxopropan-2-yl]-3-hydroxy-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-[[(2S)-2-[(2-morpholin-4-ylacetyl)amino]propanoyl]amino]propanamide Chemical class C1(=CCCC1)C[C@@H](C(=O)[C@@]1(OC1)C)NC([C@H]([C@@H](C1=CC=C(C=C1)OC)O)NC([C@H](C)NC(CN1CCOCC1)=O)=O)=O GHYOCDFICYLMRF-UTIIJYGPSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229940125797 compound 12 Drugs 0.000 description 7
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000071 blow moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M35/00—Combustion-air cleaners, air intakes, intake silencers, or induction systems specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
- F02M35/10—Air intakes; Induction systems
- F02M35/10091—Air intakes; Induction systems characterised by details of intake ducts: shapes; connections; arrangements
- F02M35/10144—Connections of intake ducts to each other or to another device
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M35/00—Combustion-air cleaners, air intakes, intake silencers, or induction systems specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
- F02M35/10—Air intakes; Induction systems
- F02M35/10091—Air intakes; Induction systems characterised by details of intake ducts: shapes; connections; arrangements
- F02M35/10098—Straight ducts
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M35/00—Combustion-air cleaners, air intakes, intake silencers, or induction systems specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
- F02M35/10—Air intakes; Induction systems
- F02M35/10091—Air intakes; Induction systems characterised by details of intake ducts: shapes; connections; arrangements
- F02M35/10137—Flexible ducts, e.g. bellows or hoses
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M35/00—Combustion-air cleaners, air intakes, intake silencers, or induction systems specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
- F02M35/10—Air intakes; Induction systems
- F02M35/10314—Materials for intake systems
- F02M35/10321—Plastics; Composites; Rubbers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M35/00—Combustion-air cleaners, air intakes, intake silencers, or induction systems specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
- F02M35/10—Air intakes; Induction systems
- F02M35/1034—Manufacturing and assembling intake systems
- F02M35/10347—Moulding, casting or the like
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M35/00—Combustion-air cleaners, air intakes, intake silencers, or induction systems specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
- F02M35/10—Air intakes; Induction systems
- F02M35/1034—Manufacturing and assembling intake systems
- F02M35/10354—Joining multiple sections together
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a suction pipe for a fresh air tract of an internal combustion engine, in particular in a motor vehicle, with the features of the preamble of claim 1.
- the invention also relates to a method for producing such a suction pipe, having the features of the preamble of claim.
- An internal combustion engine especially in motor vehicles, is supplied with fresh air via a fresh air tract.
- a suction pipe of the type mentioned forms a part of the fresh air supply within such a fresh air tract.
- the intake manifold leads the fresh air from an air filter to a fresh air collector, from which the fresh air is distributed to individual cylinders of the internal combustion engine.
- a suction pipe for a fresh air duct of an internal combustion engine which has a pipe section which is assembled from at least two pipe parts which are produced as injection-molded parts and connected to one another by means of a connection.
- the connection is formed by a material arranged in the region of a parting line between the pipe parts.
- the connecting material for example an adhesive, is applied to one of the pipe parts in the region of a parting line.
- the present invention addresses the problem of providing an improved embodiment for a suction tube or for an associated production method, which leads in particular to low production costs.
- the present invention is based on the general idea to assemble a pipe section of the intake manifold from a plurality of, in particular made of plastic, injection-molded pipe parts which are fastened together in the region of their parting line with an on or injected material.
- injection molded parts can be readily prepared with uniform wall thicknesses.
- a two-stage manufacturing process is required, in which the pipe parts are injected in a first stage and in which in a second stage, the composite pipe parts are attached by injection or injection of the compound formed by the material to each other. This process is particularly easy to automate.
- the invention makes use of the possibility of injecting at least one further component onto the pipe section during the second stage of the production process, namely a bellows section and / or a ring seal.
- Plastics, elastomers, resins and rubber are particularly suitable as the material for producing the compound by injection or injection.
- the injection molding of the bellows section or the annular seal is then expediently carried out in the same process stage or in the same operation as the connection or injection of the connection. An additional operation can thus be saved.
- the inventively proposed multi-part design makes it possible to select a suitable material according to the requirements of the respective component of the suction tube. For example, this can make the bellows section considerably more flexible than the pipe section. In a corresponding manner, a material suitable for sealing in a special way can be used for the ring seal.
- the composite tube parts can form at least one injection channel in the region of their parting line, into which the material of the connection is injected according to the method according to the invention.
- FIG. 1 has an inventive suction tube 1 a pipe section 2, which is assembled from several, here two, pipe parts 3 and 4.
- the two pipe parts 3, 4 are each made as injection-molded parts and suitably made of plastic and border in the assembled state along a parting line 5 to each other.
- the suction tube 1 in the preferred embodiment shown here has a bellows section 6, which is also made as an injection molding and advantageously made of plastic. Preference is given to an integral construction, in which the bellows section 6 is injection-molded or vulcanized onto a first end 7 of the pipe section 2.
- the pipe section 2 is divided into its pipe parts 3 and 4 so that the first pipe part 3 and the second pipe part 4 are each formed as half-shells that complement each other in a complementary manner. It is of interest that both the first pipe end 7 and a second pipe end 8 remote therefrom are formed integrally or integrally on the second pipe part 4. This construction makes it possible to design the pipe ends 7, 8 in each case as one-piece flanges in which there are no disruptive parting lines.
- one of the pipe parts in this case the first pipe part 3, has a U-profile 9 which is open toward the second pipe part 4 and which extends completely closed along an outer edge of the first pipe part 3 which is not specified.
- Second tube part 4 a collar 10 is formed, which also corresponding to the outer edge of the first tube part 3 also completely closed surrounds. If the two pipe parts 3, 4 are properly assembled, the collar 10 closes the open side of the U-profile 9 along the entire length of the U-profile 9, whereby a cavity is formed.
- This cavity forms an injection channel 11 into which a suitable material for forming a connection 12 (cf. Fig. 3, 4 ) is injectable. With the help of this compound 12, the two pipe parts 3, 4 are fastened together.
- Corresponding Fig. 4 can be molded or vulcanized on the second pipe end 8, here inside, an axially acting ring seal 13, for example made of plastic.
- the suction pipe 1 can be manufactured as follows:
- the pipe parts 3, 4 are produced as separate injection molded parts. Subsequently, the pipe parts 3, 4 are assembled in a second step or operation and attached to each other by the injection or injection of the compound 12.
- the injection-molding of the bellows section 6 and / or the sealing ring 13 can be carried out expediently also in the second operation or method step, so that the pipe parts 3, 4 in the same tool with the connection 12, the bellows section 6 and / or the ring seal 13 are equipped.
- the suction tube 1 can thus be made particularly inexpensive.
- the bellows section 6 must be relatively flexible in order to optimally fulfill its function in the installed state of the intake manifold 1.
- the intake manifold 1 is installed in a fresh air tract, not shown here, of an internal combustion engine, in particular of a motor vehicle.
- the suction tube 1 is equipped with the bellows section 6.
- the material for the ring seal 13 is selected so that the desired sealing effect sets.
- the material is chosen so that a sufficiently strong and sufficiently gas-tight coupling between the two pipe parts 3, 4 can be produced.
- compound 12 may be based on adhesion.
- the material applied or injected to form the connection 12 is then chosen as a function of the material used for the pipe parts 3, 4 such that an adhesive bond with the wetted wall sections in the injection channel 11 forms until the sprayed-on material has hardened.
- the spray channel 11 it may be expedient, within the spray channel 11, to increase the surface wettable by the material of the compound 12 on the pipe parts 3, 4.
- a protruding web which projects into the U-profile 9 in the assembled state.
- several webs on the collar 10 and in the U-profile 9 are possible.
- connection 12 can also be chosen so that when connecting or injecting the connection 12, a fusion based coupling between the material of the connection 12 and the material of the tube parts 3, 4 is formed.
- a fusion connection the material of the pipe parts 3, 4 is melted on the surface, whereby a diffusion zone is formed, in which the materials connect materially together.
- this procedure results in a cohesive connection between the two pipe parts 3, 4 via the connection 12, which corresponds to a weld virtually.
- connection 12 it is possible with the aid of the connection 12 to produce a form-fitting coupling between the pipe parts 3, 4, in that the contours formed by the material of the connection 12 are correspondingly shaped in the region of the parting line 5. For example, undercuts are formed, which can also allow mutual engagement.
- no adhesion or fusion between the materials of the connection 12 and the pipe parts 3, 4 must occur.
- the aforementioned connection principles can also occur as a mixed form in order to achieve a particularly intensive connection between the pipe parts 3, 4.
- connection 12 can in principle also be realized in the molded-on bellows section 6 and in the molded-on annular seal 13. That is, even between the pipe section 2 and the bellows section 6 on the one hand and / or between the pipe section 2 and the ring seal 13 on the other hand, the connection by adhesion and / or fusion and / or positive engagement.
- plastics, adhesives, elastomers, resins and rubber can be used as materials for the formation of the pipe parts 3, 4 of the bellows section 6, the ring seal 13 and the compound 12.
- connection 12 and the bellows section 6 and / or for the ring seal 13 may differ from that used for the production of the pipe parts 3, 4.
- connection 12 and the bellows 6 and / or the ring seal 13 may be advantageous to make an injection mold, not shown here, which is used for molding the connection 12 and the bellows 6 and / or the ring seal 13, so that a cavity for forming the connection 12, so here the injection channel 11 with another cavity, which serves to form the bellows section 6, and / or with a further cavity, which serves to form the ring seal 13 communicates.
- connection 12, bellows section 6, ring seal 13 For at least two of the total of three molded components (connection 12, bellows section 6, ring seal 13), the same injection openings and ventilation openings can thus be used, which simplifies and rationalizes the realization of the second operation.
- connection 12 and the bellows section 6 communicate with each other form in the finished intake manifold 1, the connection 12 and the bellows section 6 an integral, one-piece unit. The same applies to the connection 12 and the ring seal 13 when the cavities communicate to form these components.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Injection Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10259100 | 2002-12-18 | ||
| DE10259100A DE10259100A1 (de) | 2002-12-18 | 2002-12-18 | Saugrohr und zugehöriges Herstellungsverfahren |
| PCT/DE2003/004087 WO2004055355A1 (de) | 2002-12-18 | 2003-12-11 | Saugrohr und zugehöriges herstellungsverfahren |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1573195A1 EP1573195A1 (de) | 2005-09-14 |
| EP1573195B1 true EP1573195B1 (de) | 2010-04-21 |
Family
ID=32519038
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP03813075A Expired - Lifetime EP1573195B1 (de) | 2002-12-18 | 2003-12-11 | Saugrohr und zugeh riges herstellungsverfahren |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US7971565B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| EP (1) | EP1573195B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| JP (1) | JP2006510834A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| DE (2) | DE10259100A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| WO (1) | WO2004055355A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102010040172A1 (de) | 2010-09-02 | 2012-03-08 | Mahle International Gmbh | Kunststoffhohlteil |
Families Citing this family (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2007006410A1 (de) * | 2005-07-08 | 2007-01-18 | Mündener Gummiwerk Gmbh | Muffe eines ladeluftschlauches zur anbringung des ladeluftschlauches an einen stutzen und verfahren zur anbringung der muffe |
| FR2890076B1 (fr) | 2005-08-26 | 2007-11-30 | Plastic Omnium Cie | Procede de solidarisation de deux pieces en matiere thermoplastique au moyen d'une matiere liante |
| US8925510B2 (en) * | 2008-12-17 | 2015-01-06 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Automotive air induction system |
| CN102126295B (zh) * | 2010-01-13 | 2013-06-05 | 深圳成霖洁具股份有限公司 | 一种一体式塑料出水管制造方法及其产品 |
| CA2690316C (en) * | 2010-01-19 | 2012-05-08 | Globe Union Industrial Corp. | Integrally plastic outlet pipe and making process thereof |
| FR2965584B1 (fr) * | 2010-10-05 | 2013-06-28 | Renault Sas | Procede de determination d'un taux de gaz d'echappement recircules a l'entree d'un cylindre d'un moteur a combustion interne et moteur mettant en oeuvre un tel procede |
| DE102012100988A1 (de) * | 2012-02-07 | 2013-08-08 | Elringklinger Ag | Rohrkörper und Ölwanne mit einem derartigen Rohrkörper |
| SE537216C2 (sv) | 2012-12-17 | 2015-03-03 | Scania Cv Ab | Luftkanalsrör för fordon och en metod för tillverkning av ett luftkanalsrör |
| DE102013215607A1 (de) | 2013-08-07 | 2015-03-05 | Mahle International Gmbh | Frischluftanlage |
| JP6601150B2 (ja) * | 2015-10-27 | 2019-11-06 | スズキ株式会社 | 過給機付きエンジン用吸気装置および鞍乗型車両 |
| US10323711B2 (en) * | 2017-05-23 | 2019-06-18 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Breakable duct for use with a motor vehicle air induction system |
| US10844817B2 (en) * | 2018-04-23 | 2020-11-24 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Convolute-swirl integrated duct for swirl generation |
| WO2024144687A1 (en) * | 2022-12-26 | 2024-07-04 | Serdar Plastik Sanayi Ve Ticaret A.Ş. | Suction hose-elbow 2k |
Family Cites Families (20)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3920787A (en) * | 1971-07-02 | 1975-11-18 | Sloane Mfg Co R & G | Joint between tubular plastic articles and method of forming |
| US3920268A (en) * | 1973-02-13 | 1975-11-18 | Albert Stewing | Synthetic-resin tube assembly |
| JPS51135978A (en) * | 1975-05-12 | 1976-11-25 | Yoshio Ogi | Synthetic resin moldings and method of producing same |
| JPS63236626A (ja) * | 1987-03-25 | 1988-10-03 | Daihatsu Motor Co Ltd | 吸気系部品の製造方法 |
| JPH0479959U (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * | 1990-11-20 | 1992-07-13 | ||
| FR2690376B1 (fr) | 1992-04-22 | 1995-08-11 | Aplast Consortium | Procede pour fabriquer un corps creux en matiere plastique par assemblage de deux demi-coquilles, et corps creux ainsi obtenu, notamment collecteur d'amission d'air de moteur a explosion. |
| JPH0780922A (ja) * | 1993-09-09 | 1995-03-28 | Inoac Corp | フランジ付き樹脂製エアチューブ |
| US5682924A (en) * | 1994-06-30 | 1997-11-04 | Steere Enterprises, Inc. | Clean air ducts and methods for the manufacture thereof |
| DE19523870A1 (de) * | 1995-06-30 | 1997-01-02 | Mann & Hummel Filter | Ansaugeinrichtung aus thermoplastischem Kunststoff |
| JP3202920B2 (ja) | 1996-07-03 | 2001-08-27 | ダイハツ工業株式会社 | 合成樹脂製管状体の製造方法およびその装置並びに合成樹脂製インテークマニホールド |
| JP3206798B2 (ja) * | 1996-07-03 | 2001-09-10 | ダイハツ工業株式会社 | 合成樹脂製インテークマニホールドの構造 |
| US6021753A (en) | 1996-07-03 | 2000-02-08 | Ford Global Technologies, Inc. | Adhesively bonded plastic automotive air intake assembly |
| JP3760605B2 (ja) * | 1997-11-19 | 2006-03-29 | 株式会社デンソー | 樹脂製中空製品の製造方法 |
| US6636900B2 (en) * | 1998-06-29 | 2003-10-21 | Sun Microsystems, Inc. | Method and apparatus for executing distributed objects over a network |
| JP3394192B2 (ja) | 1998-09-01 | 2003-04-07 | ジー・ピー・ダイキョー株式会社 | 合成樹脂製インテークマニホールド及びその製造方法 |
| EP0992674A3 (de) * | 1998-10-08 | 2000-07-19 | Alusuisse Technology & Management AG | Einlasskrümmer |
| JP2000145552A (ja) * | 1998-11-10 | 2000-05-26 | Hitachi Ltd | インテークマニホールド |
| US6267093B1 (en) * | 2000-08-02 | 2001-07-31 | Ford Global Technologies, Inc. | Bonded composite intake manifold |
| US6543404B2 (en) * | 2001-04-04 | 2003-04-08 | Dow Global Technologies, Inc. | Adhesively bonded engine intake manifold assembly |
| JP2003191340A (ja) * | 2001-12-26 | 2003-07-08 | Toray Ind Inc | 中空成形品およびその製造方法 |
-
2002
- 2002-12-18 DE DE10259100A patent/DE10259100A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2003
- 2003-12-11 EP EP03813075A patent/EP1573195B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-12-11 DE DE50312646T patent/DE50312646D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-12-11 US US10/540,174 patent/US7971565B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-12-11 WO PCT/DE2003/004087 patent/WO2004055355A1/de active Application Filing
- 2003-12-11 JP JP2004559604A patent/JP2006510834A/ja active Pending
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102010040172A1 (de) | 2010-09-02 | 2012-03-08 | Mahle International Gmbh | Kunststoffhohlteil |
| WO2012028481A2 (de) | 2010-09-02 | 2012-03-08 | Mahle International Gmbh | Kunststoffhohlteil |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2006510834A (ja) | 2006-03-30 |
| EP1573195A1 (de) | 2005-09-14 |
| DE10259100A1 (de) | 2004-07-22 |
| DE50312646D1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 2010-06-02 |
| WO2004055355A1 (de) | 2004-07-01 |
| US20100192891A1 (en) | 2010-08-05 |
| US7971565B2 (en) | 2011-07-05 |
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