EP1554854A1 - Verfahren und vorrichtung zur fehlerkorrektur von multiplex-signalen - Google Patents
Verfahren und vorrichtung zur fehlerkorrektur von multiplex-signalenInfo
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- EP1554854A1 EP1554854A1 EP03808719A EP03808719A EP1554854A1 EP 1554854 A1 EP1554854 A1 EP 1554854A1 EP 03808719 A EP03808719 A EP 03808719A EP 03808719 A EP03808719 A EP 03808719A EP 1554854 A1 EP1554854 A1 EP 1554854A1
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- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000005316 response function Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000010363 phase shift Effects 0.000 description 14
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 13
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000006854 communication Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 3
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L25/00—Baseband systems
- H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
- H04L25/0202—Channel estimation
- H04L25/0204—Channel estimation of multiple channels
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
- H04L27/26—Systems using multi-frequency codes
- H04L27/2601—Multicarrier modulation systems
- H04L27/2647—Arrangements specific to the receiver only
- H04L27/2655—Synchronisation arrangements
- H04L27/2657—Carrier synchronisation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
- H04L27/26—Systems using multi-frequency codes
- H04L27/2601—Multicarrier modulation systems
- H04L27/2647—Arrangements specific to the receiver only
- H04L27/2655—Synchronisation arrangements
- H04L27/2668—Details of algorithms
- H04L27/2673—Details of algorithms characterised by synchronisation parameters
- H04L27/2675—Pilot or known symbols
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L25/00—Baseband systems
- H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
- H04L25/03—Shaping networks in transmitter or receiver, e.g. adaptive shaping networks
- H04L25/03006—Arrangements for removing intersymbol interference
- H04L2025/0335—Arrangements for removing intersymbol interference characterised by the type of transmission
- H04L2025/03375—Passband transmission
- H04L2025/03414—Multicarrier
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L25/00—Baseband systems
- H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
- H04L25/0202—Channel estimation
- H04L25/022—Channel estimation of frequency response
Definitions
- the OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex) multi-carrier method is now widely used. It is used for digital radio (Digital Audio Broadcasting, DAB), digital television (Digital Video Broadcasting, DVB) and for local radio networks (High Performance Local Area Network, Hiperlan).
- DAB Digital Audio Broadcasting
- DVB Digital Video Broadcasting
- DVB Digital Video Broadcasting
- local radio networks High Performance Local Area Network, Hiperlan
- OFDM differs from single-carrier methods in that the flow of information is not transmitted over a single carrier, but over a number of sub-carriers.
- a frame to be transmitted is divided into a number of symbols. Each symbol contains a number of data, which are distributed in different subcarriers from the transmitter to the receiver. A certain frequency spacing is maintained between the subcarriers.
- the orthogonality of the subcarriers is achieved by orthogonally coded digital modulation. The orthogonality of the subcarriers ensures that they can be distinguished even in the case of a spectral overlap.
- pilot subcarriers hereinafter also referred to as pilot channels, are provided for the transmission of pilot symbols.
- the pilot symbols contain information which is known to the recipient from the outset.
- Pilot subcarriers are generally used for channel estimation.
- the channel attenuation of the various subcarriers, which are also referred to as subchannels, is determined with the aid of interpolation of the received values of the pilot subcarriers.
- the "IEEE 802.11a" and “Hiperlan / 2" standards for wireless communication in networks in the 5 GHz frequency range do not allow the pilot channels to be used for channel estimation.
- the correct decoding of OFDM signals on the receiver side depends in a sensitive way on the performance of the synchronization unit of the receiver.
- the synchronization unit is responsible for the detection of incoming frames and for the estimation and correction of possible frequency offsets (frequency offsets). Frequency offsets produce errors that lead to incorrect decoding of the received signal.
- WO 01/20863 A1 describes a method and a device for the receiver-ready correction of a phase error of the received signal in the time domain.
- a phase estimation circuit is provided which has two phase-locked loops.
- the correction of a phase error in the time domain has the disadvantage of a large delay in the signal.
- the use of phase-locked loops for phase estimation also means a great outlay on circuitry.
- an FFT unit receives the received signal with the help of a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) transformed into a frequency spectrum that can be broken down into subcarriers.
- FFT Fast Fourier Transform
- a synchronization unit also decides on the start time from which the incoming signal is subjected to an FFT
- phase errors are contained in the equalized signal. This causes errors in the decoding, which can lead to the breakdown of a data communication.
- the invention is based on the technical problem of specifying a fast method for reducing a phase error of a received signal caused by at least one error source and an appropriately designed device for carrying out the method.
- the problem is solved by a method for reducing a phase error, caused by a plurality of error sources, of a signal, which is present in a digital frequency representation in the form of a sequence of a plurality of digital partial signals, which are assigned to a number of subcarriers (k) of a carrier, with each Steps executed in partial signal:
- the step of equalization comprises a step of at least partially eliminating an accumulation of a phase error of the partial signal caused by a sampling frequency error via the sequence of the partial signals, such that the accumulation is negligible.
- the step of estimating comprises a step of detecting a plurality of predetermined pilot signals and a step of determining a phase correction factor on the basis of the detected pilot signals, at least one multiplication operation being carried out with the sole help of shifting and adding operations.
- the method according to the invention is based on an analysis of the responsible error sources for the phase errors remaining after the synchronization and Fourier transformation in an OFDM receiver.
- the structure of a typical OFDM receiver according to the prior art is first described below with reference to FIG. 1.
- the essential sources for the remaining phase errors are then explained with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3.
- FIG. 1 shows a simplified block diagram of an OFDM receiver known per se in the form of a heterodyne radio frequency down converter 10, hereinafter referred to as down converter.
- the down converter 10 has an antenna 12. Downstream of the antenna is a bandpass filter 14 and a low-noise preamplifier 16 (low-noise amplifier, LNA).
- LNA low-noise amplifier
- a first mixer stage which is connected on the input side to the output of the preamplifier, has a frequency mixer 18 and a local oscillator 20.
- the frequency of the oscillation emitted by the local oscillator 20 is the difference between the carrier frequency f c of the oscillation received by the down converter on its antenna and an intermediate frequency (IF) f, F.
- the frequency mixer multiplies the filtered and preamplified signal by the frequency of the local oscillator 20. Due to inaccurate tuning in the local oscillator 20, a frequency offset of the frequency of the local oscillator 20 of ⁇ f ⁇ can occur. This is illustrated below with reference to FIG. 2.
- a channel filter 22 is connected downstream of the local oscillator 20.
- the channel filter 22 is a bandpass filter whose pass band is a frequency band of ⁇ 10 MHz around the intermediate frequency.
- the output of the bandpass filter is connected to a second mixer stage which has a second and a third mixer 24 and 26, to which the output signal of the bandpass filter is fed in parallel. Both mixers 24 and 26 are connected at their second input to a second local oscillator 28 which is tuned to the intermediate frequency fi F. Between the output of the local oscillator 28 and the third mixer 26, a phase shifter 30 is provided, which causes a phase shift in the oscillation of the local oscillator 20 by 90 °.
- the second mixer stage achieves a downconversion of the signal, which frees the signal from the frequency components of the intermediate frequency.
- the phase-shifted mixing in the parallel mixers 24 and 26 results in a separation of the real and imaginary components of the signal, as a result of which the phase position of the signal oscillation can be determined.
- the low-pass filter (LPA) 32 and 34 connected downstream of the mixers 24 and 26 provide anti-aliasing, ie smoothing of the signal components.
- analog-to-digital converters (ADC) 36 and 38 are provided, which are clocked in parallel by a sampling oscillator (sampling dock) 40.
- the sampling frequency is f s .
- the accuracy of the sampling frequency is ⁇ f S ⁇ .
- the frequency f of the oscillation of the first local oscillator 20 is plotted on an abscissa 50.
- an ordi- nate 52 the amplitude of the vibration.
- the ideal frequency spectrum of the local oscillator (LO) is shown at an abscissa position f L o. It has the form of a delta function, which is shown here in the form of an arrow 54. This means that the ideal frequency of the local oscillator is exactly the difference between the carrier frequency f c and the intermediate frequency f
- a line shape 56 the maximum of which can be found on the abscissa at the position f L o + f ⁇ , represents the real frequency spectrum of the local oscillator 20. Due to an incorrect estimate of the carrier frequency, the maximum of the line shape 56 is shifted relative to the ideal frequency spectrum. The line shape is further broadened by phase noise.
- FIG. 3 shows, based on three symbols selected as an example, the remaining (residual) phase error ⁇ ⁇ rror , which remains in its partial signals following a synchronization and Fourier transformation of a symbol output by the step-down converter of FIG. 1.
- the diagram in FIG. 3 shows the dependence of the remaining phase error on the order number of the partial signals using three examples.
- Each symbol of a frame is transmitted in the OFDM scheme in the form of partial signals on the specified number of subcarriers.
- Each subcarrier i is a predetermined frequency interval with a center frequency f
- the abscissa division of FIG. 2 is not shown exactly to scale.
- ordinal numbers from -26 to +26 correspond to a total of 52 partial signals.
- the ordinal number 0 has not been assigned.
- pilot signals Previously known information that is not related to the useful information is transmitted as a pilot signal.
- the pilot signals have the ordinal numbers -21, -7, +7 and +21 in one symbol.
- the basic analysis for the present invention shows the following main sources of error for phase errors in the Fourier-transformed signal: 1. Phase variations due to an incorrect estimate of the frame timing.
- the resolution when determining the sample is strongly dependent on the sampling interval (hereinafter also the sampling interval).
- the sampling interval is the reciprocal of the sampling frequency (sampling frequency).
- the timing error can be a multiple of the sampling interval.
- the estimate is therefore ⁇ 0.5 T S) where T s is the sampling time.
- a timing error will appear as a linear phase error on the receiver side after performing the FFT. This timing error is the same for all OFDM symbols in the same frame. Therefore, all symbols of a frame are influenced in the same way by a linear phase component:
- ⁇ u (k) ⁇ ⁇ k / N, (1)
- K denotes the frequency at the output of the FFT in the digital domain, ⁇ / ⁇ (A;) the phase error and N the total number of subcarriers.
- the local oscillator When the received radio frequency signals are converted back, the local oscillator (LO) is not exactly tuned to the expected frequency.
- This frequency offset can be estimated using preamble symbols provided in each frame. However, since this operation is performed in the digital domain, the estimate is not accurate. In addition to thermal noise, due to the limited number of bits that represent the preamble symbols that are used to represent the frequency offset, there is also digital noise that affects the estimate.
- the frequency offset is usually specified with reference to the frequency spacing in OFDM-Sche a.
- a frequency offset f ⁇ of 200 kHz is accordingly given as a frequency offset of 0.64.
- a good synchronization unit estimates the frequency offset with an error of ⁇ 0.001 (normalized). This small remaining frequency error occurs in the
- OFDM symbol as a constant phase after performing the FFT.
- the error accumulates from symbol to symbol and therefore creates a large phase shift after a number of symbols.
- phase noise Due to the phase noise, the signal generated by the local oscillator will be broadened in the frequency domain.
- ICI inter-carrier interference
- CPE common phase error
- the CPE grows with a decreasing number of subcarriers.
- CPE is therefore the limiting factor in systems according to the standards IEEE 802.11a and Hiperlan / 2, where only 64 subcarriers are used.
- the correlation of the phase shifts over different symbols is very low with the CPE. Therefore there is no linear prediction method.
- sampling frequency does not exactly match the expected frequency in a real system. Rather, it will have an error f S ⁇ that occurs in parts per Million (ppm) of the original sampling frequency is measured, so at a sampling rate of 20 MHz with a frequency error of ⁇ 20 ppm the actual sampling frequency will be in the range of 20 MHz ⁇ 400 Hz.
- i denotes the atomic number of a symbol, and c, are constants, rn, the slope, c, a frequency-independent phase shift.
- ⁇ denotes the proportion caused by the error of the sampling frequency
- ⁇ can be positive or negative, depending on whether the actual sampling frequency is larger or smaller than the expected value. This proportion of errors increases with the ordinal number i of the respective symbol. So it accumulates from symbol to symbol.
- the coefficient c can be represented as
- ⁇ is the proportion of the common phase error CPE for the symbol in question and c 0 is the phase error which is caused by the frequency offset of the carrier frequency. This error accumulates from symbol to symbol.
- the step of equalization therefore comprises a step of at least partially eliminating an accumulation of a phase error of the partial signal caused by a sampling frequency error via the sequence of the partial signals, such that the accumulation is negligible. Due to this measure, the phase error caused by the sampling frequency can be neglected when correcting the remaining phase error.
- the step of estimating comprises a step of detecting a plurality of predetermined pilot signals and a step of determining a phase correction factor on the basis of the detected pilot signals, at least one multiplication operation being carried out with the aid of shifting and adding operations alone.
- Shift and add operations are particularly simple operations with digital data that can be performed at high speed.
- phase correction factor is closely linked to the aforementioned method steps.
- the possibility of neglecting the phase error caused by the sampling frequency creates the prerequisite for simplifying the estimation of the phase error in such a way that its mathematical calculation is at least predominantly, in a particularly preferred embodiment described below, even completely based on the implementation of shifting and adding operations can be reduced using the predetermined pilot signals.
- the method according to the invention accordingly achieves a high speed in the determination of the phase error compared to known methods.
- Replacing a multiplication operation with shifting and adding operations creates speed advantages over known methods.
- the delay caused by the use of such a method of processing the received signal is particularly small. This is particularly important for communication processes via wireless channels.
- the method according to the invention is particularly suitable for use within the framework of the IEEE 802.11 and Hiperlan / 2 standards.
- it is based on the assumption that the subcarriers are not subject to major changes from symbol to symbol, as is the case with a maximum speed of 3 m / s for mobile transmitters and receivers.
- the step of equalization includes a step of dividing the partial signal by a complex second signal, which has the phase of the partial signal preceding in the sequence of the partial signals.
- ⁇ i + ⁇ (/ e) (m 0 + ( ⁇ + l) - ⁇ ) - k + ( ⁇ + l) -c 0 + ⁇ i + 1 (6)
- phase error r ⁇ caused by the sampling error increases with increasing atomic number i in the sequence of the partial signals.
- the phases are subtracted by complex division.
- phase shifts are therefore not dependent on the atomic number i. This means that the accumulation of the phase error due to the sampling frequency can be eliminated by dividing the current complex signal by a second complex signal if this second complex signal contains the phase information of the signal preceding the sequence.
- the determination of the second signal is the content of the channel estimate.
- the second signal is preferably the frequency response function of the assigned subcarrier.
- the frequency response function of the subcarrier contains information about the attenuation and the phase shift of the subcarrier. In this way, a phase correction can be carried out in the step of equalization, which makes it possible to largely eliminate the phase error which is caused by an incorrect estimate of the sampling frequency.
- a step of determining the frequency response function on the basis of a preceding partial signal in the sequence of the partial signals is preferably provided for each partial signal with the exception of the pilot partial signals.
- the cyclically repeated determination of the frequency response function is based on the knowledge that the accumulation of the phase error due to the sampling frequency deviation can best be prevented by determining the current phase shift on the channel. In principle, it is also conceivable not to determine the frequency response for each partial signal but, for example, only for every second partial signal and to use an interpolated signal in the meantime. However, this does not completely remove the accumulation and the quality of the phase correction deteriorates. As a result, the error rate during decoding is increased.
- the step of determining the frequency response function preferably comprises dividing the partial signal preceding in the sequence by a third signal, the third signal representing the equalized, phase-corrected and decoded and subsequently recoded partial signal preceding the sequence.
- the third signal thus represents the preceding partial signal, which has been corrected from all errors.
- the attenuation of the subcarrier can be derived from the magnitude of the quotient and the phase shift of the subcarrier from the phase of the quotient.
- the phase shift can be determined by subtracting the arc tangent of the quotient from the imaginary part and the real part from the phase of the quotient.
- subcarriers are preferably provided in the method according to the invention. This corresponds to the number of subcarriers in the standards IEEE 802.11a) and Hiperlan / 2.
- pilot subcarriers are preferably also corresponding to those mentioned
- the pilot subcarriers in this embodiment are ordinal numbers -21, -7, 7 and 21 assigned.
- the step of estimating comprises a step of calculating the following parameters based on the pilot signals:
- P. 2 ⁇ , P. 7 , P +7 , P +2 ⁇ pilot signals and 9th and 3m denote the operation of the real part or imaginary part determination.
- the signal of the pilot channels can be represented as follows:
- Equation (12) disregards changes in amplitude in the channel. Only phase changes are taken into account.
- the step of estimating comprises a step of storing the parameters 2 ⁇ poSin ( ⁇ o) and (-2 ⁇ pocos ( ⁇ o)) in a first register in each case.
- the phase component on the relevant subcarrier due to the remaining phase errors can be represented as follows:
- the phase correction factors of subsequent partial signals can also be determined without multiplications.
- the step of correcting after the step of “multiplying” described above comprises a step of inverting the content of the first register, a step of adding the inverted content of the first register and the content of the second register , and a step of overwriting the second register with the calculated sum.
- phase correction factors which immediately follow a pilot signal from the atomic number: D *. 2 o, D * - 6 , D * + ⁇ , D * +8 and D * +22 . In these cases there is a "sampling hole" from a partial signal. These phase correction factors are therefore determined as follows:
- a phase correction unit comprising a first signal input and a computing unit for determining a complex phase correction factor with the aid of arithmetic operations, which include multiplication.
- a second signal input is provided, to which the computing unit is connected, and at least one multiplication operation in the form of at least one shift operator is implemented in conjunction with at least one adder.
- a second signal input is provided for detecting pilot signals.
- phase correction unit enables the phase of a partial signal to be corrected quickly, as was described above in connection with the method according to the invention.
- advantages of the device reference is therefore expressly made to the description of the method aspect of the invention.
- All multiplication operations are preferably implemented in the form of at least one shift operator in conjunction with at least one adder.
- the example of multiplication by a factor of 26 was explained above.
- the computing unit is preferably designed to determine the parameters of equations 21, 22, 26 and 27 with the signals (P. 2 ⁇ , P-, P + 7, P + 21) received via the second signal input.
- a separate, appropriately designed parameter calculation circuit is preferably provided for determining each of the parameters.
- FIG. 1 is a simplified block diagram of a step-down converter according to the prior art
- Fig. 2 is a diagram illustrating a frequency offset
- Fig. 4 is a block diagram of an embodiment of an OFDM receiver
- FIG. 5 is a detailed block diagram of the OFDM receiver of FIG. 4.
- FIG. 6 is a detailed block diagram of the phase correction unit of FIG. 5, and
- FIG. 7 shows a detailed block diagram of the accumulator from FIG. 6.
- the OFDM receiver 70 has a unit 72 for extracting cyclic prefix signals from the received signal. This is followed by an FFT block 74 which performs a fast Fourier transformation.
- the output of the FFT block 74 is connected on the one hand to an equalization block 76, which is also referred to below as an equalizer.
- the output of the FFT block 74 is connected to a channel estimation block 78, the output of which in turn is fed to the equalizer 76.
- the output of the equalizer is connected to a phase correction block 80, which in turn communicates with a block 82 for mapping and forward error correction (FEC).
- FEC mapping and forward error correction
- FIG. 5 shows a detailed block diagram of the OFDM receiver 70. Fewer details than in FIG. 4 are only shown at the input of the OFDM receiver 70.
- the unit 72 is combined with a synchronizer and the FFT block in a single block 84.
- the block 82 from FIG. 4 comprises components known per se: a soft demapper 82, a deinterleaver 88 and a soft viterbi decoder 90.
- the output of the soft viterbi decoder 90 is fed back to an encoder 92, to which an interleaver 94 and a mapper 96 are connected downstream.
- a zero-forcing estimator 98 is connected to the mapper 98.
- a buffer memory 100 is connected downstream of it.
- the buffer memory 100 has a write controller 102, an S-RAM memory 104 and a read controller 106.
- a first sign unit 108 is provided between the output of the FFT block 74 and the write control 102 for correcting the sign of reference signals. Furthermore, a buffer memory is provided between the output of the FFT block and the zero-forcing estimator 98 in order to achieve a defined delay in data which are sent from the FFT block 74 to the zero-forcing estimator 98. Finally, a second sign unit 112 is provided between the buffer memory 110 and the write controller 102, which sets the sign of pilot signals positive, regardless of the sign with which they are present at the input.
- the mode of operation of the OFDM receiver 70 is described in more detail below.
- the channel estimate is first explained in more detail in block 78.
- the standards IEEE802.11a and Hiperlan / 2 are used as a basis for the structure of the received signals.
- the first symbol received by the synchronizer 84 is the reference symbol H R E F M-
- the reference symbol is derived from the long preamble symbols. This symbol is used by the recipient as a reference because the data transmitted therein are known to the recipient from the outset.
- FFT block 74 The order of the subcarriers is established in FFT block 74. A total of 52 signals are stored.
- the equalizer 76 calculates the quotient of the SIGNAL symbol and the symbol that is stored in the buffer memory 100.
- the symbol equalized by the equalizer 76 is then phase corrected in the phase correction block 80, completely demodulated and finally decoded.
- the bits decoded from the SIGNAL symbol in Viterbi decoder 90 provide information about the rate and number of bytes received in the current frame.
- the SIGNAL symbol is not read into the feedback loop beginning with encoder 92.
- the first DATA symbol (symbol # 1) that is received after the SIGNAL symbol is then again corrected in the equalizer 76 with the channel estimate that is contained in the buffer memory 100.
- the symbol output by the equalizer is phase corrected, demodulated and then decoded.
- the bits present at the output of the Viterbi decoder, which correspond to symbol # 1, are fed back into the channel estimation block 78.
- channel estimation block 78 the bits are first recoded and then modulated.
- the complex signals X (i-1, k) obtained are compared with the complex signals that were present for the same symbol in the stage before the equalization in the equalizer. This comparison is a division. This form the channel estimate therefore represents a zero-forcing estimate. This channel estimate is stored in the buffer memory 100.
- the channel estimate obtained in this way receives the information about the remaining phase error because the data in the feedback branch has no phase errors.
- the next received symbol is treated in the same way as the previous one, starting with the equalization in the equalizer 76.
- phase correction in the phase correction block 80 is explained in more detail below with reference to FIG. 6.
- the structure of the phase correction block 80 is first described.
- the phase correction block 80 has a switch 120 which is controlled by a switch controller 122.
- the "upper" position of the switch according to FIG. 6 provides a conductive connection with a unit 124, which forwards the real and imaginary parts of the received signal separately into two parallel processing branches, which are described below.
- the real part is forwarded to two parameter circuits 126 and 130.
- the first parameter circuit 126 determines the parameter cos ⁇ 0 according to equation 8.
- the second parameter circuit 130 determines the parameter according to 2 ⁇ rp 0 sin ⁇ 0 according to equation 10.
- the imaginary part is fed in parallel to a third and fourth parameter circuit 128 or 132.
- the third parameter circuit 128 determines the parameter sin ⁇ 0 according to equation 9.
- the fourth parameter circuit 132 determines the parameter -2r ⁇ p 0 sin ⁇ 0 .
- the second and fourth parameter circuits 130 and 132 are followed by an accumulator 134 and 136, respectively.
- the structure and function of the two identically constructed batteries are explained below with reference to FIG. 7.
- the outputs of the third parameter circuit 128 and the accumulator 136 are fed to an adder 138.
- the outputs of the first parameter circuit 126 and the accumulator 134 are fed to an adder 140.
- the output of the adder 138 is connected via an inverter 142 to an imaginary part input of a circuit 144, the real part input of which is connected to the output of the adder 140.
- Inverter 142 reverses the sign of the output of adder 138.
- Circuit 144 converts the signals present at the two inputs into a complex signal which, like the signal present at the second output of switch 120, is fed to a complex multiplier 146.
- the structure of the accumulators 134 and 136 is explained below with reference to FIG. 7. 7 refers to the accumulator 134, the accumulator 136 has the same structure.
- the accumulator 134 has a first register 150, in which signals from the parameter circuit 130 are written.
- the output of register 150 is routed in parallel to a factor circuit 156 on the one hand and to a second register 154 on the other.
- the factor circuit 156 multiplies the output signal of the first register by 26. This takes place solely with the aid of shifting and adding operations based on the above-mentioned division of the number 26 into powers of the number 2.
- the output of the factor circuit 156 is via a first input of a switch 158, which is controlled by a control circuit 160 is connected to a third register 152.
- the output of the second register 154 is passed in parallel to two inputs of a switch 162, but one of the two parallel branches is led via a factor circuit 164, which causes the register output signal to be multiplied by 2 by means of a shift operation.
- the output of switch 162 and the output of register 152 are connected to the inputs of an adder 166.
- the circuit of FIG. 6 calculates the phase correction factor for a respective symbol, for example in accordance with equations 29.a and 29.b.
- the subtraction required for the respective symbol is effected with the aid of the accumulator 166. As explained above, the size to be subtracted depends on the atomic number of the symbol to be corrected.
- the circuit also enables the "special cases" to be calculated in accordance with equations 30.a to 30.j by appropriate control of the switches in the accumulator circuit in FIG.
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Abstract
Description
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Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10248507 | 2002-10-11 | ||
| DE10248507A DE10248507A1 (de) | 2002-10-11 | 2002-10-11 | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Fehlerkorrektur von Multiplex-Signalen |
| PCT/EP2003/011193 WO2004036863A1 (de) | 2002-10-11 | 2003-10-09 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur fehlerkorrektur von multiplex-signalen |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1554854A1 true EP1554854A1 (de) | 2005-07-20 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP03808719A Withdrawn EP1554854A1 (de) | 2002-10-11 | 2003-10-09 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur fehlerkorrektur von multiplex-signalen |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US7583770B2 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP1554854A1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE10248507A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2004036863A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1499081A3 (de) * | 2003-07-18 | 2007-01-03 | Broadcom Corporation | Struktur eines Mehrträgersignals |
| JP4291673B2 (ja) * | 2003-11-11 | 2009-07-08 | 株式会社エヌ・ティ・ティ・ドコモ | Ofdm受信機 |
| US7346098B2 (en) * | 2003-11-25 | 2008-03-18 | Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. | Communication receiver |
| US8396151B2 (en) * | 2006-10-19 | 2013-03-12 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Timing tracking in a multiple receive antenna system |
| US7844018B2 (en) * | 2007-01-02 | 2010-11-30 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Methods and apparatuses for reducing inter-carrier interference in an OFDM system |
| KR101406160B1 (ko) * | 2007-06-29 | 2014-06-12 | 톰슨 라이센싱 | Dvb-t/h 수신기에서의 공통 위상 오차를 제거하기 위한 장치 및 방법 |
| EP2171896A4 (de) * | 2007-06-29 | 2012-06-06 | Thomson Licensing | Vorrichtung und verfahren zum entfernen eines gemeinsamen phasenfehlers in einem dvb-t/h-empfänger |
| CN101359954B (zh) * | 2007-08-03 | 2013-09-25 | 华为技术有限公司 | 发射分集模式下的解调方法和装置、均衡方法和系统 |
| DE102009019905A1 (de) * | 2009-04-27 | 2010-11-25 | Karlsruher Institut für Technologie | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur digitalen Verarbeitung von OFDM-Signalen für Radaranwendungen |
| EP4195576B1 (de) * | 2021-12-13 | 2025-10-01 | IHP GmbH - Leibniz Institute for High Performance Microelectronics/ Leibniz-Institut für innovative Mikroelektronik | Takt- und datenrückgewinnungsschaltung aus einem n-pulsamplitudenmodulationssignal |
Family Cites Families (19)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4648100A (en) * | 1985-03-28 | 1987-03-03 | At&T Bell Laboratories | Carrier recovery circuit |
| WO1997041672A1 (en) | 1996-04-29 | 1997-11-06 | Philips Electronics N.V. | Symbol synchronisation in a multicarrier receiver |
| IT1288778B1 (it) * | 1996-10-25 | 1998-09-24 | Rai Radiotelevisione Italiana | Procedimento e apparato di ricezione di segnali numerici in multiplex codificato e divisione di frequenze. |
| US5912876A (en) * | 1997-01-15 | 1999-06-15 | Ericsson, Inc. | Method and apparatus for channel estimation |
| US5940450A (en) * | 1997-02-28 | 1999-08-17 | Hitachi America, Ltd. | Carrier recovery method and apparatus |
| DE19733825A1 (de) * | 1997-08-05 | 1999-02-11 | Siemens Ag | Verfahren und Anordnung zur kombinierten Messung des Anfangs eines Datenblocks und des Trägerfrequenzversatzes in einem Mehrträgerübertragungssystem für unregelmäßige Übertragung von Datenblöcken |
| KR19990047679A (ko) * | 1997-12-05 | 1999-07-05 | 박호군 | 이온 빔을 이용한 재료의 표면 처리 장치 |
| KR100314353B1 (ko) | 1998-04-28 | 2001-12-28 | 전주범 | 직교분할대역수신시스템 |
| US6393083B1 (en) * | 1998-07-31 | 2002-05-21 | International Business Machines Corporation | Apparatus and method for hardware implementation of a digital phase shifter |
| US6310926B1 (en) * | 1998-09-25 | 2001-10-30 | Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) | Adjustment of the sampling frequency in a multicarrier receiver |
| US6370188B1 (en) * | 1999-03-31 | 2002-04-09 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Phase and frequency offset compensation in a telecommunications receiver |
| TW466474B (en) * | 1999-08-06 | 2001-12-01 | Fujitsu Ltd | Semiconductor device with decision feedback equalizer |
| US6535549B1 (en) * | 1999-09-14 | 2003-03-18 | Harris Canada, Inc. | Method and apparatus for carrier phase tracking |
| US7020225B2 (en) * | 2001-01-19 | 2006-03-28 | Qualcomm Inc. | Frequency searcher and frequency-locked data demodulator using a programmable rotator |
| US6656852B2 (en) * | 2001-12-06 | 2003-12-02 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Method for the selective removal of high-k dielectrics |
| US6900122B2 (en) * | 2001-12-20 | 2005-05-31 | Micron Technology, Inc. | Low-temperature grown high-quality ultra-thin praseodymium gate dielectrics |
| JP3538187B2 (ja) * | 2002-03-26 | 2004-06-14 | 株式会社東芝 | Ofdm受信装置およびofdm受信装置におけるデータ復調方法 |
| US7205218B2 (en) * | 2002-06-05 | 2007-04-17 | Micron Technology, Inc. | Method including forming gate dielectrics having multiple lanthanide oxide layers |
| US7039131B2 (en) * | 2002-08-02 | 2006-05-02 | Agere Systems Inc. | Carrier frequency offset estimation in a wireless communication system |
-
2002
- 2002-10-11 DE DE10248507A patent/DE10248507A1/de not_active Ceased
-
2003
- 2003-10-09 EP EP03808719A patent/EP1554854A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2003-10-09 WO PCT/EP2003/011193 patent/WO2004036863A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2003-10-09 US US10/530,595 patent/US7583770B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO2004036863A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE10248507A1 (de) | 2004-04-22 |
| US7583770B2 (en) | 2009-09-01 |
| WO2004036863A1 (de) | 2004-04-29 |
| US20060165187A1 (en) | 2006-07-27 |
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