EP1501953B8 - Hitze- und korrosionsbeständige nickel-chrom-gusslegierung - Google Patents
Hitze- und korrosionsbeständige nickel-chrom-gusslegierung Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1501953B8 EP1501953B8 EP04704238A EP04704238A EP1501953B8 EP 1501953 B8 EP1501953 B8 EP 1501953B8 EP 04704238 A EP04704238 A EP 04704238A EP 04704238 A EP04704238 A EP 04704238A EP 1501953 B8 EP1501953 B8 EP 1501953B8
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- thermostable
- corrosion
- chromium alloy
- resistant cast
- nickel
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 title 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 title 1
- 229910000623 nickel–chromium alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title 1
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910018487 Ni—Cr Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005255 carburizing Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- VNNRSPGTAMTISX-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium nickel Chemical compound [Cr].[Ni] VNNRSPGTAMTISX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
- C22C19/05—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium
- C22C19/051—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W
- C22C19/053—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W with the maximum Cr content being at least 30% but less than 40%
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
- C22C19/05—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
- C22C19/05—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium
- C22C19/051—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W
- C22C19/055—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W with the maximum Cr content being at least 20% but less than 30%
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
- C22C19/05—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium
- C22C19/051—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W
- C22C19/056—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W with the maximum Cr content being at least 10% but less than 20%
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
- C22C19/05—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium
- C22C19/058—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium without Mo and W
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10302989A DE10302989B4 (de) | 2003-01-25 | 2003-01-25 | Verwendung einer Hitze- und korrosionsbeständigen Nickel-Chrom-Stahllegierung |
DE10302989 | 2003-01-25 | ||
PCT/EP2004/000504 WO2004067788A1 (de) | 2003-01-25 | 2004-01-22 | Hitze- und korrosionsbeständige nickel-chrom-grusslegierung |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1501953A1 EP1501953A1 (de) | 2005-02-02 |
EP1501953B1 EP1501953B1 (de) | 2007-05-23 |
EP1501953B8 true EP1501953B8 (de) | 2008-01-23 |
Family
ID=32667854
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP04704238A Expired - Lifetime EP1501953B8 (de) | 2003-01-25 | 2004-01-22 | Hitze- und korrosionsbeständige nickel-chrom-gusslegierung |
Country Status (27)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (3) | US20050129567A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1501953B8 (de) |
JP (1) | JP4607092B2 (de) |
KR (1) | KR20050092452A (de) |
CN (1) | CN100351412C (de) |
AT (1) | ATE362997T1 (de) |
AU (1) | AU2004207921A1 (de) |
BR (1) | BRPI0406570B1 (de) |
CA (1) | CA2513830C (de) |
DE (2) | DE10302989B4 (de) |
EA (1) | EA008522B1 (de) |
EG (1) | EG23864A (de) |
ES (1) | ES2287692T3 (de) |
HK (1) | HK1075679A1 (de) |
HR (1) | HRP20050728A2 (de) |
IL (1) | IL169579A0 (de) |
MA (1) | MA27650A1 (de) |
MX (1) | MXPA05007806A (de) |
NO (1) | NO20053617L (de) |
NZ (1) | NZ541874A (de) |
PL (1) | PL377496A1 (de) |
PT (1) | PT1501953E (de) |
RS (1) | RS20050552A (de) |
TR (1) | TR200502892T1 (de) |
UA (1) | UA80319C2 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2004067788A1 (de) |
ZA (1) | ZA200505714B (de) |
Families Citing this family (38)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10302989B4 (de) * | 2003-01-25 | 2005-03-03 | Schmidt + Clemens Gmbh & Co. Kg | Verwendung einer Hitze- und korrosionsbeständigen Nickel-Chrom-Stahllegierung |
US20070104974A1 (en) * | 2005-06-01 | 2007-05-10 | University Of Chicago | Nickel based alloys to prevent metal dusting degradation |
JP4773773B2 (ja) * | 2005-08-25 | 2011-09-14 | 東京電波株式会社 | 超臨界アンモニア反応機器用耐食部材 |
WO2008021650A2 (en) * | 2006-08-08 | 2008-02-21 | Huntington Alloys Corporation | Welding alloy and articles for use in welding, weldments and method for producing weldments |
EP2198065B1 (de) | 2007-10-05 | 2018-03-21 | Sandvik Intellectual Property AB | Dispersionsverfestigtem stahl als material in einer rolle für einen rollenherdofen |
CN101260487B (zh) * | 2008-04-17 | 2010-06-02 | 攀钢集团攀枝花钢铁研究院有限公司 | 由含钛高铬镍合金制得的喷涂材料及其制备方法和用途 |
DE102008051014A1 (de) * | 2008-10-13 | 2010-04-22 | Schmidt + Clemens Gmbh + Co. Kg | Nickel-Chrom-Legierung |
US20100272597A1 (en) * | 2009-04-24 | 2010-10-28 | L. E. Jones Company | Nickel based alloy useful for valve seat inserts |
KR20120053645A (ko) * | 2010-11-18 | 2012-05-29 | 한국기계연구원 | 고온에서의 기계적 특성이 우수한 다결정 니켈기 초내열합금 |
DE102012011161B4 (de) | 2012-06-05 | 2014-06-18 | Outokumpu Vdm Gmbh | Nickel-Chrom-Aluminium-Legierung mit guter Verarbeitbarkeit, Kriechfestigkeit und Korrosionsbeständigkeit |
DE102012011162B4 (de) | 2012-06-05 | 2014-05-22 | Outokumpu Vdm Gmbh | Nickel-Chrom-Legierung mit guter Verarbeitbarkeit, Kriechfestigkeit und Korrosionsbeständigkeit |
CN102828070B (zh) * | 2012-08-24 | 2014-05-07 | 宁波市阳光汽车配件有限公司 | 一种锅炉管道防护涂层材料 |
CN104745884A (zh) * | 2013-12-27 | 2015-07-01 | 新奥科技发展有限公司 | 一种镍基合金及其应用 |
DE102014001329B4 (de) | 2014-02-04 | 2016-04-28 | VDM Metals GmbH | Verwendung einer aushärtenden Nickel-Chrom-Titan-Aluminium-Legierung mit guter Verschleißbeständigkeit, Kriechfestigkeit, Korrosionsbeständigkeit und Verarbeitbarkeit |
DE102014001330B4 (de) | 2014-02-04 | 2016-05-12 | VDM Metals GmbH | Aushärtende Nickel-Chrom-Kobalt-Titan-Aluminium-Legierung mit guter Verschleißbeständigkeit, Kriechfestigkeit, Korrosionsbeständigkeit und Verarbeitbarkeit |
JP6358503B2 (ja) * | 2014-05-28 | 2018-07-18 | 大同特殊鋼株式会社 | 消耗電極の製造方法 |
JP6434306B2 (ja) * | 2014-12-26 | 2018-12-05 | 株式会社クボタ | アルミナバリア層を有する耐熱管 |
CN104862535A (zh) * | 2015-05-15 | 2015-08-26 | 新奥科技发展有限公司 | 一种镍基合金及其制备方法和应用 |
CN105463288B (zh) * | 2016-01-27 | 2017-10-17 | 大连理工大学 | 高强高塑耐氯离子腐蚀的铸造合金及其制备方法 |
SG11201810839TA (en) | 2016-06-29 | 2019-01-30 | Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corp | Austenitic stainless steel |
JP6842316B2 (ja) * | 2017-02-17 | 2021-03-17 | 日本製鋼所M&E株式会社 | Ni基合金、ガスタービン材およびクリープ特性に優れたNi基合金の製造方法 |
RU2672647C1 (ru) * | 2017-08-01 | 2018-11-16 | Акционерное общество "Чепецкий механический завод" | Коррозионностойкий сплав |
GB201713066D0 (en) | 2017-08-15 | 2017-09-27 | Paralloy Ltd | Oxidation resistant alloy |
WO2019055060A1 (en) | 2017-09-12 | 2019-03-21 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | HEAT TRANSFER TUBE FOR THERMAL CRACKING FORMING ALUMINUM OXIDE |
KR101998979B1 (ko) * | 2017-12-07 | 2019-07-10 | 주식회사 포스코 | 고온변형 저항성 및 균열 저항성이 우수한 복사관용 Cr-Ni계 합금 및 그 제조방법 |
CN108285998A (zh) * | 2018-03-29 | 2018-07-17 | 冯满 | 一种耐高温合金钢 |
JP7131318B2 (ja) * | 2018-11-14 | 2022-09-06 | 日本製鉄株式会社 | オーステナイト系ステンレス鋼 |
WO2020131595A1 (en) | 2018-12-20 | 2020-06-25 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | High pressure ethane cracking with small diameter furnace tubes |
EP3898896A1 (de) | 2018-12-20 | 2021-10-27 | ExxonMobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Erosionsbeständige legierung für reaktoren für thermisches kracken |
CN110527911B (zh) * | 2019-09-16 | 2020-12-18 | 北京航空航天大学 | 一种低密度高强高耐蚀齿轮轴承钢及其制备方法 |
CA3120120C (en) * | 2020-05-26 | 2023-07-18 | Daido Steel Co., Ltd. | Ni-based alloy, and ni-based alloy product and methods for producing the same |
CN112733321A (zh) * | 2020-12-08 | 2021-04-30 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | 一种管材高速成形性能的评测方法 |
US11479836B2 (en) | 2021-01-29 | 2022-10-25 | Ut-Battelle, Llc | Low-cost, high-strength, cast creep-resistant alumina-forming alloys for heat-exchangers, supercritical CO2 systems and industrial applications |
US11866809B2 (en) | 2021-01-29 | 2024-01-09 | Ut-Battelle, Llc | Creep and corrosion-resistant cast alumina-forming alloys for high temperature service in industrial and petrochemical applications |
CN113481419A (zh) * | 2021-06-30 | 2021-10-08 | 南京欣灿奇冶金设备有限公司 | 一种永不脱落的步进式加热炉装出料悬臂辊及其加工工艺 |
CN115449670B (zh) * | 2022-09-14 | 2023-10-20 | 浙江大学 | 一种无中温脆性的高强镍基变形高温合金 |
CN117089741A (zh) * | 2023-07-07 | 2023-11-21 | 江苏三鑫特殊金属材料股份有限公司 | 一种耐磨镍基合金及其制备方法 |
CN117535559A (zh) * | 2024-01-10 | 2024-02-09 | 北京北冶功能材料有限公司 | 一种低密度镍基高温合金箔材及其制备方法与应用 |
Family Cites Families (22)
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US4039330A (en) * | 1971-04-07 | 1977-08-02 | The International Nickel Company, Inc. | Nickel-chromium-cobalt alloys |
JPS5631345B2 (de) * | 1972-01-27 | 1981-07-21 | ||
CA1190771A (en) * | 1981-04-27 | 1985-07-23 | Junichi Sugitani | Heat resistant alloy excellent in bending property and ductility after aging and its products |
JPS5837160A (ja) * | 1981-08-27 | 1983-03-04 | Mitsubishi Metal Corp | 継目無鋼管製造用熱間傾斜圧延機のガイドシユ−用鋳造合金 |
JPS5974266A (ja) | 1982-10-19 | 1984-04-26 | Mitsubishi Metal Corp | エンジンバルブおよび同バルブシ−ト用高硬度Fe−Ni−Cr系合金 |
JPS5974256A (ja) | 1982-10-20 | 1984-04-26 | Kawasaki Steel Corp | 鉄損の少ない無方向性珪素鋼板 |
US4671931A (en) * | 1984-05-11 | 1987-06-09 | Herchenroeder Robert B | Nickel-chromium-iron-aluminum alloy |
US4787945A (en) * | 1987-12-21 | 1988-11-29 | Inco Alloys International, Inc. | High nickel chromium alloy |
JPH01252750A (ja) * | 1988-03-31 | 1989-10-09 | Nkk Corp | 耐溶融炭酸塩腐食性に優れたNi基合金 |
AU627965B2 (en) * | 1989-12-15 | 1992-09-03 | Inco Alloys International Inc. | Oxidation resistant low expansion superalloys |
DE4111821C1 (de) * | 1991-04-11 | 1991-11-28 | Vdm Nickel-Technologie Ag, 5980 Werdohl, De | |
US5306358A (en) * | 1991-08-20 | 1994-04-26 | Haynes International, Inc. | Shielding gas to reduce weld hot cracking |
DE69202965T2 (de) * | 1991-12-20 | 1996-03-14 | Inco Alloys Ltd | Gegen hohe Temperatur beständige Ni-Cr-Legierung. |
KR940014865A (ko) * | 1992-12-11 | 1994-07-19 | 에드워드 에이. 스틴 | 고온 저항성 니켈-크롬 합금 |
DE4404185A1 (de) * | 1993-02-10 | 1994-08-11 | Thomas Robert Metall Elektro | Brenngutträger für keramische Formlinge |
US5997809A (en) * | 1998-12-08 | 1999-12-07 | Inco Alloys International, Inc. | Alloys for high temperature service in aggressive environments |
KR100372482B1 (ko) * | 1999-06-30 | 2003-02-17 | 스미토모 긴조쿠 고교 가부시키가이샤 | 니켈 베이스 내열합금 |
GB2361933A (en) * | 2000-05-06 | 2001-11-07 | British Nuclear Fuels Plc | Melting crucible made from a nickel-based alloy |
JP3965869B2 (ja) * | 2000-06-14 | 2007-08-29 | 住友金属工業株式会社 | Ni基耐熱合金 |
JP4154885B2 (ja) * | 2000-11-16 | 2008-09-24 | 住友金属工業株式会社 | Ni基耐熱合金からなる溶接継手 |
JP3952861B2 (ja) * | 2001-06-19 | 2007-08-01 | 住友金属工業株式会社 | 耐メタルダスティング性を有する金属材料 |
DE10302989B4 (de) * | 2003-01-25 | 2005-03-03 | Schmidt + Clemens Gmbh & Co. Kg | Verwendung einer Hitze- und korrosionsbeständigen Nickel-Chrom-Stahllegierung |
-
2003
- 2003-01-25 DE DE10302989A patent/DE10302989B4/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2004
- 2004-01-22 KR KR1020057013693A patent/KR20050092452A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2004-01-22 CN CNB2004800027386A patent/CN100351412C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-01-22 RS YUP-2005/0552A patent/RS20050552A/sr unknown
- 2004-01-22 ES ES04704238T patent/ES2287692T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-01-22 MX MXPA05007806A patent/MXPA05007806A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2004-01-22 DE DE502004003863T patent/DE502004003863D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-01-22 CA CA2513830A patent/CA2513830C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-01-22 UA UAA200508280A patent/UA80319C2/uk unknown
- 2004-01-22 EP EP04704238A patent/EP1501953B8/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-01-22 BR BRPI0406570A patent/BRPI0406570B1/pt active IP Right Grant
- 2004-01-22 WO PCT/EP2004/000504 patent/WO2004067788A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 2004-01-22 AU AU2004207921A patent/AU2004207921A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2004-01-22 EA EA200501178A patent/EA008522B1/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-01-22 AT AT04704238T patent/ATE362997T1/de active
- 2004-01-22 NZ NZ541874A patent/NZ541874A/en unknown
- 2004-01-22 PT PT04704238T patent/PT1501953E/pt unknown
- 2004-01-22 PL PL377496A patent/PL377496A1/pl unknown
- 2004-01-22 TR TR2005/02892T patent/TR200502892T1/xx unknown
- 2004-01-22 JP JP2006501577A patent/JP4607092B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-09-21 US US10/945,859 patent/US20050129567A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2005
- 2005-07-07 IL IL169579A patent/IL169579A0/en unknown
- 2005-07-11 EG EGNA2005000378 patent/EG23864A/xx active
- 2005-07-15 ZA ZA200505714A patent/ZA200505714B/en unknown
- 2005-07-26 NO NO20053617A patent/NO20053617L/no not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2005-07-26 MA MA28411A patent/MA27650A1/fr unknown
- 2005-08-02 HK HK05106644A patent/HK1075679A1/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2005-08-23 HR HR20050728A patent/HRP20050728A2/hr not_active Application Discontinuation
-
2008
- 2008-07-08 US US12/169,229 patent/US10041152B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2018
- 2018-08-06 US US16/055,645 patent/US10724121B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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