EP1476033A1 - Vetement thermoregulant et procede pour eliminer l'humidite presente dans des zones de la peau - Google Patents

Vetement thermoregulant et procede pour eliminer l'humidite presente dans des zones de la peau

Info

Publication number
EP1476033A1
EP1476033A1 EP03704296A EP03704296A EP1476033A1 EP 1476033 A1 EP1476033 A1 EP 1476033A1 EP 03704296 A EP03704296 A EP 03704296A EP 03704296 A EP03704296 A EP 03704296A EP 1476033 A1 EP1476033 A1 EP 1476033A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
climate
skin
fabric
ribs
clothing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP03704296A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1476033B1 (fr
Inventor
Bodo W. Lambertz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
X Technology Swiss GmbH
Original Assignee
Brand Factory Swiss GmbH
X Technology Swiss GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE20201940U external-priority patent/DE20201940U1/de
Application filed by Brand Factory Swiss GmbH, X Technology Swiss GmbH filed Critical Brand Factory Swiss GmbH
Priority to SI200331640T priority Critical patent/SI1476033T1/sl
Publication of EP1476033A1 publication Critical patent/EP1476033A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1476033B1 publication Critical patent/EP1476033B1/fr
Priority to CY20091100836T priority patent/CY1109277T1/el
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A41—WEARING APPAREL
    • A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
    • A41D13/00—Professional, industrial or sporting protective garments, e.g. surgeons' gowns or garments protecting against blows or punches
    • A41D13/002—Professional, industrial or sporting protective garments, e.g. surgeons' gowns or garments protecting against blows or punches with controlled internal environment
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A41—WEARING APPAREL
    • A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
    • A41D13/00—Professional, industrial or sporting protective garments, e.g. surgeons' gowns or garments protecting against blows or punches
    • A41D13/002—Professional, industrial or sporting protective garments, e.g. surgeons' gowns or garments protecting against blows or punches with controlled internal environment
    • A41D13/005—Professional, industrial or sporting protective garments, e.g. surgeons' gowns or garments protecting against blows or punches with controlled internal environment with controlled temperature
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A41—WEARING APPAREL
    • A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
    • A41D27/00—Details of garments or of their making
    • A41D27/28—Means for ventilation
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A41—WEARING APPAREL
    • A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
    • A41D31/00—Materials specially adapted for outerwear
    • A41D31/04—Materials specially adapted for outerwear characterised by special function or use
    • A41D31/12—Hygroscopic; Water retaining
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A41—WEARING APPAREL
    • A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
    • A41D31/00—Materials specially adapted for outerwear
    • A41D31/04—Materials specially adapted for outerwear characterised by special function or use
    • A41D31/12—Hygroscopic; Water retaining
    • A41D31/125—Moisture handling or wicking function through layered materials
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A41—WEARING APPAREL
    • A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
    • A41D31/00—Materials specially adapted for outerwear
    • A41D31/04—Materials specially adapted for outerwear characterised by special function or use
    • A41D31/14—Air permeable, i.e. capable of being penetrated by gases
    • A41D31/145—Air permeable, i.e. capable of being penetrated by gases using layered materials
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A41—WEARING APPAREL
    • A41D—OUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
    • A41D31/00—Materials specially adapted for outerwear
    • A41D31/04—Materials specially adapted for outerwear characterised by special function or use
    • A41D31/30—Antimicrobial, e.g. antibacterial
    • A41D31/305—Antimicrobial, e.g. antibacterial using layered materials

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a climate-regulating garment, in particular for use in sporting activities such as jogging, skating, skiing or the like.
  • the invention also relates to a method for dehumidifying skin areas, in particular during sporting activities.
  • Clothing serves to protect people, especially to protect against the weather. Under certain conditions, for example during sporting activities, the clothing also serves to protect against injuries. Except when the outside temperature is high, the clothing mainly consists of several different items of clothing that are worn one above the other in several layers. The outermost layer of clothing essentially has the task of being wind and water repellent, in order to cool people down by wind to avoid and protect it against the ingress of water into clothing in the event of precipitation.
  • Sweating can occur, especially with multi-layer clothing.
  • This sweat attack is above average when people exercise.
  • the sweat build-up significantly reduces the wearing comfort of the clothing.
  • an uncomfortable feeling on the skin arises, which also increases the risk of colds, tension or the like when cooling down after sporting activities.
  • efforts are made to allow sweat to be removed.
  • it is known to provide terry-loops on the side of the skin facing the skin, which are intended to allow moisture to be absorbed.
  • a disadvantage of the items of clothing designed in this way is that the terry cloth absorbs the moisture, but does not remove it from the skin but absorbs it.
  • the moisture remains in the item of clothing, so that after exercise, the areas of the clothing that cover the sections of high sweating are damp. They are still in contact with the skin. This leads to an uncomfortable feeling on the skin.
  • the uncomfortable feeling is particularly aggravated by the fact that after exercise, both people and clothing cool down and the cold moisture in the clothing comes into contact with the skin.
  • the known clothing items do not take into account zones of different loads.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of creating climate-regulating clothing which, on the one hand, improves the removal of sweat from the skin and enables the moisture produced to evaporate, on the other hand, the absorption of the non-evaporated part of the moisture from the tissue and at the same time prevents cooling and penetration of moisture from the outside at the particularly stressed areas.
  • this object is achieved by at least one climate zone.
  • climate-regulating clothing is created, in particular for sporting activities, which significantly improves the removal of sweat and forms a protection against cooling.
  • climate zones in the clothing it is possible, depending on the amount of sweat accumulating at certain parts of the body, to provide areas of the clothing which absorb and transport perspiration to different extents, and furthermore penetration of moisture from the outside and the risk of cooling, particularly in this area to prevent affected areas.
  • the invention provides a piece of clothing that responds to the particular stress caused by increased or low body temperature with a climate zone that is matched to it. This broadens the body's overall performance range.
  • a climate zone is essentially designed in the form of climate channels.
  • the climate channels preferably consist of climate-regulating mesh fabric.
  • the air conditioning channels allow most of the moisture to evaporate.
  • the climate channels allow moisture to be absorbed by the tissue.
  • the perspiration moisture from particularly stressed areas of clothing can be conveyed to an area of clothing in which free evaporation is possible.
  • a climate zone is preferably produced from materials of different thicknesses.
  • the climatic zone can also be constructed in multiple layers. In this way, on the one hand, there is the possibility of absorbing a larger amount of moisture in the clothing and at the same time transporting it away from the skin into the outer layer of the clothing, as a result of which a pleasant feeling on the skin remains. In addition, this creates the opportunity to where there is often a feeling of cold, as is the case on the knees, for example when skiing, to prevent this uncomfortable feeling by making the clothing thicker.
  • a climate zone is in the form of padding.
  • the cushions can be arranged at different locations on the clothing. On the one hand, they prevent the penetration of moisture through clothing, on the other hand, they prevent injuries in the event of a fall, particularly in the area of the knees and elbows.
  • the pads are also able to prevent pressure points.
  • the climatic zones are introduced into the garment in the form of elements in which a wavy fabric is covered on its upper side with holding fabric, with ribs and webs being formed in the fabric. This significantly improves the removal of sweat from the skin.
  • the modular arrangement of such elements there is the possibility of optimally adapting the garment to specific parts of the body and their sweating. This makes it possible to produce a piece of clothing that responds to the respective load from increased or lower temperature with a climate zone that is matched to it, thereby expanding the overall performance range of the body.
  • the ribs form a cavity with the holding tissue.
  • Another cavity is advantageously formed between the webs and the skin, which is laterally delimited by the ribs.
  • the cavities create an air cushion between the skin and the environment, which causes a temperature balance between the high body temperature during sporting activities and the low ambient temperatures, for example in winter. This prevents the skin from feeling cold. In the opposite case (ambient temperature higher than skin temperature - for example in summer) there is an opposite effect. Overall, the well-being is significantly improved.
  • the yarn of the fabric is coated.
  • the coating is preferably galvanic, which among other things ensures that the coating covers the entire surface of the yarn.
  • the coating preferably consists of silver, copper or gold. These coatings have a magnetic shielding effect. Silver and copper also prevent the spread of bacteria or kill them. This results in a significant reduction in the smell of sweat.
  • the climate regulating element is provided with fastening elements on the side facing away from the skin. These are preferably designed as Velcro fasteners.
  • the fastening elements enable clothing to be subsequently fitted with climate zones.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a method with which moisture can be effectively and continuously transported away from the skin. According to the invention, this object is achieved in that a fabric is made with textile ribs, with which moisture is directed away from the skin by means of capillary action to webs that form the textile surface.
  • the invention provides a method for effectively dehumidifying skin areas, in particular in the course of sporting activities.
  • the dehumidification of the skin areas is optimized in that the body heat is used with the aid of air chambers to accelerate the flow of moisture through the textile ribs.
  • FIG. 1 shows the view of a person with climate-regulating clothing from the front
  • Figure 2 shows the view from the right of the person shown in Figure 1
  • 3 shows the view from behind of the person shown in FIG. 1
  • FIG. 4 shows the enlarged view of the area marked with "X" in FIG
  • Figure 3 on the side facing away from the skin
  • Figure 5 shows the detail shown in Figure 4 on the skin facing
  • FIG. 9 shows a schematic illustration of an area-wise textile mix in the wavy fabric
  • Figure 10 is a view of the side of the element facing the skin
  • Figure 1 1 is a schematic representation of the method for skin dehumidification.
  • the item of clothing chosen as an exemplary embodiment is an overall.
  • the overall covers the person depicted from the neck to the wrists or ankles.
  • the item of clothing has different climate zones 1, 2.
  • the climate zones 1, 2 are made of different materials. It is possible to use material combinations such as new wool with elasto fiber materials, for example elastane, hollow chamber fibers.
  • the climate zones 1 are made of mesh knitted fabric or the like, and the climate zones 2 are made of materials of different thicknesses and / or in multiple layers.
  • the climate zone 1 produced from mesh knit fabric is essentially in the form of a climate channel 11.
  • the air conditioning duct 1 1 helps to remove moisture from the area that is particularly exposed to sweat. It runs from the area of the armpits in the direction of the back over the pelvic area to the buttocks area.
  • a further air conditioning duct 1 2 extends laterally from the chest area of the garment perpendicularly along the garment from the upper body along the legs to the ankle.
  • a third air conditioning duct 13 is located in the area above provided half of the thigh, and surrounds this in a ring.
  • the air conditioning channels 1 1, 1 2, 13 are made from a special mesh knit fabric, in which only 80% of the skin is covered by the yarn used. This creates optimal air circulation.
  • a further climate zone 1 made of mesh knit fabric in the form of a climate area 14 is arranged in the area of the hollow of the knee.
  • the climate surface 14 is made of very thin fabric that absorbs the sweat that occurs and allows evaporation.
  • the arrangement of such a climate area is also possible in the area of the armpits and armpits.
  • a climate area 15 is provided on the inside of the thighs.
  • the climate area 15 also consists of very thin material, which leads to good climate regulation in the inner thigh, which is stressed by high body temperatures during sporting activities.
  • the climate zones 2 are arranged distributed over the garment.
  • the climatic zone identified by 21 is formed from a plurality of ribs 21 1 arranged parallel to one another. Expansion joints 21 2 are preferably arranged between the ribs, which ensure a high degree of freedom of movement.
  • the climatic zone 21 is a stretch rib fabric. A kind of padding is caused by the ribs 21 1.
  • the climatic zone 21 can also have a finer rib structure or a waffle structure.
  • climate zone 22 is provided in the form of a reinforcement in the area of the elbows and in the area of the knees (reference number 23).
  • expansion joints 222, 232 are arranged between the rib-like reinforcements 221, 231, which allow maximum freedom of movement.
  • the ribs 21 1, 221, 231 are preferably made of nylon.
  • the climate zones 21, 22, 23 are used on the one hand for padding, in order to reduce the risk of injuries, in particular during sporting activities.
  • the areas are also suitable that areas of the clothing which are highly stressed by moisture, which is not caused by sweat, prevent the ingress of this moisture protect.
  • the climate zones 21, 22, 23 prevent cooling, for example by drafts.
  • the upholstery is made of plastic yarn or compound fabric or similar materials.
  • the climate zones 21, 22, 23 are made of climate-regulating fabric, preferably in a rib knit style. With this type of knitting, the fabric does not lie completely on the skin, which means that more air can get to the skin.
  • regions 21, 22, 23 are made from nexts.
  • Stretch zones 28, which have a vertically oriented rib structure, are arranged laterally adjacent to the climatic zones 23. Zones 28 optimally adapt the garment to the body with every movement.
  • a rib-like air conditioning zone 24 is formed in the pelvic and buttocks area, which in the exemplary embodiment is oriented vertically.
  • the climate zone 24 also extends in a ring shape on the front of the item of clothing.
  • the climate zone 24 consists of ribs 241, which have a greater material thickness than the joints 242 arranged between them, which in the exemplary embodiment are designed as climate channels.
  • the thicker design of the ribs 241 protects the body against cooling on the one hand, and against overheating on the other hand through the joints designed as air conditioning channels.
  • the climate zone 24 can also be divided into smaller individual zones, which can be interrupted or limited by the air channels 11, 12, 13.
  • the item of clothing can be provided with cushions, so-called rod paddings 25 in particular being able to be used.
  • These paddings can preferably be arranged in the region of the lower legs and forearms.
  • the paddings are preferably made of hollow chamber fibers, which are covered with wool or cotton.
  • the hollow chamber plastic yarns are particularly shock and pressure absorbing.
  • pads can be provided in the Achilles tendon area in order to reduce abrasion in high-heeled shoes. There is also the possibility of providing a slight padding in the area of the thighs in order to reduce the risk of cooling or penetration of moisture in this area as well.
  • further pads 26 are arranged on the inside of the leg (FIG. 1). The pads 26 serve to avoid pressure points.
  • the pads 26 contribute to an optimal fit of the item of clothing.
  • pads 26 can also be provided on the outside of the leg.
  • the item of clothing also has a back climate zone 27.
  • the climate zone 27 has an essentially triangular shape. It consists of webs 271, which are aligned horizontally.
  • the webs 271 have an approximately rounded cross section, which in the exemplary embodiment has a diameter of approximately 5 mm.
  • the webs 271 are in contact with the skin, which - as can be seen in FIGS. 6 and 7 - results in a tubular shape which is hollow on the inside.
  • Strips 272, facing away from the skin, are provided between the webs 271, which in the exemplary embodiment have a width of approximately 6 to 10 mm. They are usually not in contact with the skin.
  • the strips 272 are connected to one another in sections via bridges 273.
  • the tubular design of the webs 271 causes an increase in the surface area, as a result of which better air circulation is achieved. They also serve as spacers and have the effect of a wick that absorbs excess sweat, soaks up and transports the moisture occurring on the back horizontally to the laterally adjacent areas of the back climate zone 27. The moisture can then evaporate in those areas of the garment that are located in areas where there is less sweating. The resulting air cushions have an insulating effect at the same time. This creates good climate regulation, especially in the back area characterized by high perspiration.
  • the item of clothing is provided with air traps 29 in the area of the calves.
  • the air traps 29 have an essentially comparable design to the back climate zone 27, which in the exemplary embodiment is oriented horizontally. They consist of webs 291 and strips 292 arranged between them. The air cushions also created here protect the body against cooling. The strips 292 formed between them also cause the garment to stretch in this area, which results in an extraordinarily good adaptation to any type of movement.
  • climatic elements can continue to be used in the garment in order to optimally adapt the garment to certain parts of the body and their sweating.
  • the climate element 3 shown by way of example in FIG. 8 is based on a fabric 32 which is arranged in a wave shape.
  • the fabric 32 arranged in this way is covered on its upper side by a holding fabric 33.
  • the element 3 rests elastically on the skin 34 wetted with welding beads 35.
  • the element 3 also has cavities 36 and 37.
  • the fabric 32 and the holding fabric 33 are provided with a coating 38.
  • the corrugated arrangement of the fabric 32 results in a mutual lining up of webs 321 and ribs 322.
  • the ribs 22 form the cavity 37 with the holding fabric 33.
  • the cavities 36 are formed between the webs 321 of the element and the skin 34.
  • the cavities 36 are delimited on their sides by the ribs 322 resting on the skin 34.
  • the webs 321 have twice the width as the ribs 322.
  • the element 3 is made of different materials.
  • the rib base 3221 is made of a material A. This material is suitable for absorbing moisture, particularly in the form of sweat, particularly quickly.
  • the rib walls 3222 are made of a material B. This has a wicking function which causes the sweat to be transported away from the skin 34 in the direction of the webs 321.
  • the webs 321 consist of a material C.
  • the material C is able to absorb the moisture conveyed by the material B in the direction of the webs 321 to be released into the environment, i.e. to ensure evaporation.
  • the evaporation surface is moved away from the skin 34.
  • a mixture of the materials is possible in the transition areas between the individual materials.
  • the element 3 Due to the very narrow design of the ribs 322, the element 3 only touches the skin 34 at certain points.
  • the rib bases 3221 in contact with the skin are not quite as hydrophobic as the other areas of the element.
  • the capillary action (wicking) of the rib walls 3222 away from the skin 34 results in a dry feeling on the skin even when the sweating 35 is extremely high.
  • an optimized flow of moisture is achieved through the use of different materials. The flow of moisture to the outside is additionally supported by the body heat radiating from the skin 34.
  • the fabric 32 and the holding fabric 33 are in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 8
  • the coating 38 is preferably galvanic. It consists of copper, gold, polytetrafluoroethylene or
  • - particularly preferred - made of silver are different effects.
  • Different effects can be achieved with the help of the different coatings.
  • an anti-fungicidal effect can be achieved with the help of copper or silver.
  • a coating of polytetrafluoroethylene reduces the friction on the skin.
  • the cavity 36 has the function of an air chamber and serves as a heat store that heats the web 321.
  • the fabric 32 is made with textile ribs 322, with which moisture is conducted away from the skin 34 by means of capillary action to the webs 321, which form the textile surface.
  • the accelerated evaporation 351 on the relatively large surface of the web 321 causes a negative pressure in the adjacent rib walls 3222, which in turn increases the moisture flow away from the skin 34 indicated.
  • the evaporation capacity of the webs 321 is therefore the higher, the more heat is emitted from the skin 34.
  • TH denotes the temperature of the skin (corresponds approximately to the body temperature), TK the temperature in the air chamber and Tu the ambient temperature.
  • T - ⁇ the skin temperature
  • Tu the ambient temperature
  • the cavities 36 and 37 which act as air chambers, areas are also provided which serve as air buffers. This has brought about a further improvement in climate regulation.
  • the air chamber 37 is namely also continuously heated by the heat radiated from the skin. This creates a buffer between the heated skin and the cold ambient air, especially in cold weather conditions, so that it is comfortable to wear.
  • the overall elastic design of the element causes a compression effect, which improves blood pressure maintenance, which increases the cell supply. A reduction in muscle vibration is also indicated. Preferably no cut goods are used in the manufacture of the element.
  • the garment according to the invention takes into account the different loads occurring in particular during sporting activities. So are in zones in which sports have high body temperatures and high Sweat attacks occur (for example the back of the knees, back, inside of the thighs) climate zones are provided which prevent heat build-up and dissipate sweat from the skin and improve evaporation. In areas of the body where the body temperature hardly rises even during sporting activities and where the sweating is below average (e.g. knees, elbows, pelvis), climatic zones are provided that avoid feeling cold. Overall, this extends the body's range of performance.
  • the invention is not limited to such a one-piece design; rather, individual or all climate zones can also be distributed over several items of clothing, for example in the form of a top and trousers.
  • the combination of individual or all of the features of the invention in separate items of clothing is also included in the scope of the invention.
  • the features of the invention can be provided both in underwear and in outerwear.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
  • Professional, Industrial, Or Sporting Protective Garments (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un vêtement thermorégulant, utilisé notamment lors de la pratique d'activités sportives telles que le jogging, le patinage, le ski ou similaire. Ce vêtement présente au moins une zone de thermorégulation (1, 2) qui peut être formée à l'intérieur du vêtement, à partir d'éléments de thermorégulation (3) placés en fonction des besoins. L'invention concerne également un procédé pour éliminer l'humidité présente dans des zones de la peau, notamment lors de la pratique d'activités sportives. Ce procédé consiste à produire un tissu (32) à côtes (322) qui évacue par capillarité l'humidité présente sur la peau (34) en direction de la surface textile constituée de nervures (321).
EP03704296A 2002-02-08 2003-02-05 Elément pour des vêtements et procédé pour éliminer l'humidité présente dans des zones de la peau Expired - Lifetime EP1476033B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SI200331640T SI1476033T1 (sl) 2002-02-08 2003-02-05 Element za oblaäśila in postopek za odstranjevanje vlage s predelov koĺ˝e
CY20091100836T CY1109277T1 (el) 2002-02-08 2009-08-06 Ρυθμιστικο για το κλιμα ενδυμα καθως και μεθοδος για την αφυγρανση περιοχων του δερματος

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE20201940U DE20201940U1 (de) 2002-02-08 2002-02-08 Klimaregulierendes Kleidungsstück
DE20201940U 2002-02-08
DE10258388A DE10258388A1 (de) 2002-02-08 2002-12-12 Element sowie Verfahren zur Entfeuchtung von Hautbereichen
DE10258388 2002-12-12
PCT/DE2003/000320 WO2003065833A1 (fr) 2002-02-08 2003-02-05 Vetement thermoregulant et procede pour eliminer l'humidite presente dans des zones de la peau

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1476033A1 true EP1476033A1 (fr) 2004-11-17
EP1476033B1 EP1476033B1 (fr) 2009-05-06

Family

ID=27735713

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP03704296A Expired - Lifetime EP1476033B1 (fr) 2002-02-08 2003-02-05 Elément pour des vêtements et procédé pour éliminer l'humidité présente dans des zones de la peau

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US20050086721A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1476033B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP4546734B2 (fr)
CN (1) CN100563488C (fr)
AU (1) AU2003206656B2 (fr)
CA (1) CA2475537C (fr)
WO (1) WO2003065833A1 (fr)

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JP2005517095A (ja) 2005-06-09
CA2475537C (fr) 2013-04-02
AU2003206656A1 (en) 2003-09-02
EP1476033B1 (fr) 2009-05-06
AU2003206656B2 (en) 2008-05-15
US20050086721A1 (en) 2005-04-28
CN1646036A (zh) 2005-07-27
WO2003065833A1 (fr) 2003-08-14
CN100563488C (zh) 2009-12-02
CA2475537A1 (fr) 2003-08-14
JP4546734B2 (ja) 2010-09-15

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