EP1453348A1 - Auto-étalonnage d'un réseau de microphones - Google Patents

Auto-étalonnage d'un réseau de microphones Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1453348A1
EP1453348A1 EP03450050A EP03450050A EP1453348A1 EP 1453348 A1 EP1453348 A1 EP 1453348A1 EP 03450050 A EP03450050 A EP 03450050A EP 03450050 A EP03450050 A EP 03450050A EP 1453348 A1 EP1453348 A1 EP 1453348A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
microphones
test
signal
loudspeaker
microphone
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP03450050A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Martin Dr. Opitz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
AKG Acoustics GmbH
Original Assignee
AKG Acoustics GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by AKG Acoustics GmbH filed Critical AKG Acoustics GmbH
Priority to EP03450050A priority Critical patent/EP1453348A1/fr
Priority to EP04450034A priority patent/EP1453349A3/fr
Priority to JP2004044899A priority patent/JP4181066B2/ja
Priority to US10/786,494 priority patent/US20040165735A1/en
Publication of EP1453348A1 publication Critical patent/EP1453348A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R29/00—Monitoring arrangements; Testing arrangements
    • H04R29/004—Monitoring arrangements; Testing arrangements for microphones
    • H04R29/005—Microphone arrays
    • H04R29/006—Microphone matching
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
    • H04R1/32—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only
    • H04R1/40—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only by combining a number of identical transducers
    • H04R1/406—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only by combining a number of identical transducers microphones
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R3/00—Circuits for transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R3/005—Circuits for transducers, loudspeakers or microphones for combining the signals of two or more microphones

Definitions

  • the invention relates to array microphones.
  • Array microphones are used in environments such as Cars, lectern, stage or the like used to sound sources and speakers, in short Signal to selectively record and suppress ambient noise.
  • car Array microphones used on the one hand as a hands-free microphone for calls and on the other hand in systems such as Navigation systems using voice recognition to be served.
  • Array microphones consist of an arrangement of individual microphones that are used for signaling purposes are interconnected. In principle, the arrangement of the microphones distinguish between one, two and three-dimensional array microphones become. In a one-dimensional arrangement, the microphones are positioned along a line, e.g. a straight line or an arc. When using microphones with the orientation of the individual microphones is insignificant, since they only act as pressure receivers and therefore not directional in the room. Using The orientation of the individual microphones of gradient microphones is essential: the Overall directional characteristic and thus the entire bundling of the array microphone is created by combining the directional characteristics of the individual microphones together with the Application of the algorithm described below with which the microphone signals processed together.
  • the signal connection of the individual microphones can be on the analog or digital level.
  • the following is the implementation in the digital area to be viewed as.
  • the individual microphone signals are processed using analog-to-digital converters digitized and fed to a signal processing unit.
  • a suitable algorithm keyword "beamforming" applied to the microphone signals.
  • this algorithm the degree of concentration of the microphone is increased and lateral sound sources are suppressed.
  • filter coefficient sets that are used for the arrangement, type, Sensitivity and characteristics of the microphones used, the acoustic environment and the locations of the sound sources are characteristic.
  • different properties of the individual microphones can be taken into account, such as those caused by production variations, aging effects etc. become.
  • a frequently used filter structure is in the literature under "Filter and Sum Beamformer "(see e.g. [1], page 159) Microphone signals after analog-digital conversion with suitable FIR filters (finite Filter impulse response filters) and then added.
  • An embodiment with 4th Microphones are shown in Fig. 1 reflecting the prior art:
  • FIR filters FIR 1 to FIR 4 shown contain filter coefficient sets which correspond to frequency-dependent amplitude and phase differences. After filtering, the signals are added (filter and sum beamformer). Due to the aforementioned differences in amplitude and phase, sound waves that come from specific directions of incidence are amplified by constructive superimposition and sound waves from other sound incidence directions are weakened by destructive superimposition.
  • the FIR filters FIR 1 to FIR 4 can be thought of as so-called all-pass filters, which all have the same frequency-independent delay.
  • the checking of individual microphones in the array is currently carried out in such a way that during installation or in the event of service, the current consumption of the individual microphones is checked. The value the current consumption is checked to determine whether it is between two predetermined Limits come to lie. This allows you to check the basic functionality of the Detect single microphones. No more is happening.
  • the first problem concerns the failure of a single microphone. That can be the degree of bundling of the entire array microphone and reduce the directional characteristic in unintentionally change.
  • the user notices a deterioration from that Array microphone-controlled function without being able to localize the exact cause e.g. the speech recognizer suddenly works badly, when calling the speaker poorly understood.
  • these deteriorations can have various causes that are not have to hang together with the array microphone.
  • the GSM transmission link used be disturbed while talking on the phone. It is therefore for fault diagnosis essential to know whether at least the array microphone is fully functional as a subsystem is.
  • the current consumption of the microphone can only be in the laboratory or in the event of service.
  • the second problem is rather insidious: by scattering the properties of the Individual microphones in the course of production or different aging processes or different responses to changing environmental conditions the directional and frequency characteristics of the individual microphones differ greatly differ. This allows the above-mentioned algorithms for signal processing no longer work in the desired way.
  • the array microphone for example in a Vehicle cabin
  • the acoustic conditions compared to the laboratory at the Development changed because of reflections, diffractions and interferences Multiple sound paths occur. This allows the directional characteristic of the array microphone disadvantageously changed and the degree of bundling can be reduced.
  • the aim of the invention is to eliminate these problems, or at least theirs To significantly reduce effects without having to remove the array microphone or complicated and therefore expensive retrofitting is necessary.
  • this goal is achieved in that at least one loudspeaker in the Detection range of the array microphone is provided, which is an acoustic test signal emits, and that the signals of the individual microphones from a signal processor (DSP) evaluated and their consistency in relation to the desired signal character and the wanted signal consistency can be checked.
  • DSP signal processor
  • the loudspeaker can either be permanently installed or part of a portable one Test device, the signal processor can be that of the array microphone or also Part of the test fixture. If multiple speakers are provided, next to the Control of the individual microphones and control of the beamforming are particularly accurate possible.
  • Fig. 2 shows an embodiment with 4 microphones 1 to 4.
  • the distances of the Microphones 1-4 are the same in this embodiment.
  • the speaker 5 is from acoustically recorded on all microphones, i.e. a signal that the speaker 5 emits recorded by all microphones.
  • the microphones 1 to 4 can be used as pressure receivers as well as a gradient receiver.
  • FIG. 3 Another exemplary embodiment is shown in FIG. 3. This is in principle the same as in FIG. 2 constructed, but all acoustic transducers are in a common housing 6 accommodated. This housing can also contain electronic components, A / D and D / A converter. Of the microphones 1-4, only the spoken openings are to see.
  • the device according to the invention can be constructed be, the inventive method using the speaker and the signal processor is carried out, for example, as an acoustic self-test of the array microphone, can be as follows:
  • a calibration speaker 5 - is placed in, on or near the array microphone. preferably a small loudspeaker based on the dynamic principle - mounted, the acoustic Connects to the individual microphones 1-4 of the array in the sense that the Speaker signal can be recorded by any of the microphones.
  • the optimal one There is space for the positioning of the (individual) calibration speaker in the middle of the Microphone arrangement where the sum of all paths calibration speaker microphone Minimum results.
  • other speaker positions are also conceivable, e.g. on the edge of the array or somewhat removed, as in the illustrated embodiments.
  • the Calibration speaker 5 is connected to an amplifier.
  • the calibration speaker is checked. there it is determined whether its electrical impedance is within predetermined limits. Only when this condition is met does the acoustic self-test of the microphones began.
  • This speaker impedance check can be done by Loudspeaker signal is applied directly to one of the A / D converters (analog-digital converter).
  • Fig. 4 shows an embodiment for measuring the speaker impedance Loudspeaker is operated in parallel with the input impedance of the A / D converter. should that Ratio of the speaker impedance to the input impedance of the A / D converter too far deviate from the value 1, there can be an additional series resistor in front of the loudspeaker be switched.
  • the loudspeaker impedance is measured using a technique known to the technician Method for measuring complex impedances. For example, a Constant current source placed on the speaker and the voltage on the Speaker terminals measured.
  • a method is described below as a preferred exemplary embodiment.
  • the associated circuit diagram is shown in Fig. 4a.
  • a signal is sent to the power amplifier 2 via the D / A converter 6.
  • This power amplifier has a defined output impedance R a .
  • the amplified signal goes to the loudspeaker 8 with the impedance R LS and further to the input of the A / D converter 9, which has a defined input impedance R i .
  • R a and R LS form a voltage divider.
  • the voltage is measured on the A / D converter and compared with a reference measurement in which a known reference impedance is used instead of the loudspeaker as the impedance.
  • the data of the reference measurement are determined only once and recorded in a non-volatile data memory (eg in a ROM).
  • the unknown loudspeaker impedance R LS can be determined from the two voltage values determined in this way.
  • a measurement without loudspeaker can also be used as the reference measurement, ie the reference impedance is infinite ohms.
  • the microphone signals can be evaluated in various ways.
  • suitable Measurement signals can be sinusoidal signals, stochastic noise signals or periodic ones Noise signals such as Maximum sequence noise can be used. Some procedures are to be described as examples:
  • Method 1 In the simplest case, some sinusoidal signals with different frequencies spent in a row. The levels on the individual microphones will turn up checked their coherence, i.e. whether the measured voltages within preselected There are limits. The results are used to determine whether the microphone is functional or not.
  • the loudspeaker sends a periodic noise signal, e.g. Maximum follow-noise out.
  • a periodic noise signal e.g. Maximum follow-noise out.
  • DFT Discrete Fourier Transformation
  • the measured Amplitude transfer functions are checked whether they are within preselected Tolerance ranges lie. These amplitude transfer functions are a measure of that Microphone sensitivity. The comparison can be made with a reference measurement Change in microphone sensitivity, e.g. caused by aging or Determine environmental influences.
  • the method according to the invention has, apart from the possibility of detection a whole series of previously undetectable defects still have the advantage that the Measurement can be carried out while the microphone is in operation.
  • a successful display can, for example, be an automatic display "Microphone OK".
  • the type of adaptation of the filter coefficients can take place, for example, in that the age-related change in microphone sensitivity determined according to the above procedure is taken into account when calculating the filter coefficient sets. Thereby changes in the microphone properties, especially the sensitivity frequency curve compensated.
  • the process is shown in the block diagram in Fig. 5. shown.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Otolaryngology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Circuit For Audible Band Transducer (AREA)
  • Obtaining Desirable Characteristics In Audible-Bandwidth Transducers (AREA)
EP03450050A 2003-02-25 2003-02-25 Auto-étalonnage d'un réseau de microphones Withdrawn EP1453348A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP03450050A EP1453348A1 (fr) 2003-02-25 2003-02-25 Auto-étalonnage d'un réseau de microphones
EP04450034A EP1453349A3 (fr) 2003-02-25 2004-02-18 Auto-étalonnage d'un réseau de microphones
JP2004044899A JP4181066B2 (ja) 2003-02-25 2004-02-20 アレイマイクロホンのセルフキャリブレーション
US10/786,494 US20040165735A1 (en) 2003-02-25 2004-02-25 Self-calibration of array microphones

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP03450050A EP1453348A1 (fr) 2003-02-25 2003-02-25 Auto-étalonnage d'un réseau de microphones

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1453348A1 true EP1453348A1 (fr) 2004-09-01

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP03450050A Withdrawn EP1453348A1 (fr) 2003-02-25 2003-02-25 Auto-étalonnage d'un réseau de microphones

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US20040165735A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1453348A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP4181066B2 (fr)

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EP2362681A1 (fr) * 2010-02-15 2011-08-31 Dietmar Ruwisch Procédé et dispositif de traitement de signaux acoustiques en fonction de la phase
CN101316460B (zh) * 2007-05-29 2012-03-07 东莞泉声电子有限公司 数字声电传感器的测试仪
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CN110070868A (zh) * 2019-04-28 2019-07-30 广州小鹏汽车科技有限公司 车载系统的语音交互方法、装置、汽车和机器可读介质
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