Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
  • C07H21/00—Compounds containing two or more mononucleotide units having separate phosphate or polyphosphate groups linked by saccharide radicals of nucleoside groups, e.g. nucleic acids
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
  • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
  • C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
  • C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
  • C12N15/10—Processes for the isolation, preparation or purification of DNA or RNA
  • C12N15/1003—Extracting or separating nucleic acids from biological samples, e.g. pure separation or isolation methods; Conditions, buffers or apparatuses therefor
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
  • C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
  • C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
  • C12Q1/68—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving nucleic acids
  • C12Q1/6806—Preparing nucleic acids for analysis, e.g. for polymerase chain reaction [PCR] assay
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
  • C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
  • C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
  • C12Q1/68—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving nucleic acids
  • C12Q1/6813—Hybridisation assays
  • C12Q1/6839—Triple helix formation or other higher order conformations in hybridisation assays

Definitions

• the present invention relates to new target DNA sequences capable of forming triple helix structures as well as a new method for the purification of DNA. More particularly, the purification method according to the invention implements a hybridization between a target DNA sequence and an oligonucleotide. The method according to the invention proves to be particularly useful since it makes it possible to purify double stranded DNA of pharmaceutical quality with high yields.
• the present invention also relates to new methods of detection, quantification, isolation or sorting of DNA molecules containing said specific target sequences.
• the purification methods according to the invention are essentially based on a triple helix interaction between a particular target DNA sequence and an oligonucleotide composed of natural or modified bases.
• Homopyrimide oligonucleotides have been shown to be able to interact specifically in the large groove of the DNA double helix to locally form three-strand structures called triple helices (Moser et al., Science 238 (1987) 645; Povsiz et al., J. Am. Chem 111 (1989) 3059). These oligonucleotides selectively recognize the DNA double helix at the level of oligopurine-oligopyrimidine sequences, that is to say at the level of regions having an oligopuric sequence on one strand and an oligopyrimide sequence on the complementary strand, and locally form a triple helix therein. .
• the bases of the third homopyrimidine oligonucleotide strand form hydrogen bonds (Hoogsteen type bonds) with the purines of the Watson-Crick base pairs.
• triple helix structures can form between a homopuric oligonucleotide and double stranded DNA.
• homopurine-homopyrimidine the purine bases of the oligonucleotide form reverse Hoogsteen type bonds with the purine bases of double-stranded DNA.
• This type of triple helix interaction for the purification of plasmid DNA from a complex mixture which contains the DNA molecule in mixture with other components has also been described in international application WO96 / 18744 for the purification of plasmid DNA. More particularly, this application describes a method for purifying double-stranded DNA consisting in bringing the complex mixture into contact with a support on which is covalently coupled an oligonucleotide capable of forming a triple helix by hybridization with a specific sequence of l 'Target DNA.
• the specificity is due to pairings involving hydrogen bonds of Hoogsteen type between thymine (T) bases of the third strand constituted by the oligonucleotide on the one hand and AT base pairs of double stranded DNA on the other hand, to form T * AT triads.
• T thymine
• protonated cytosines located in the third strand pair with GC base pairs of double-stranded DNA to form triads + C * GC (Sun et al., Curr. Opin Struc Biol. 3 (1993) 345).
• T * AT and + C * GC triads ensure maximum stability of the triple helix.
• many others factors also intervene in the stabilization of the triple helix, such as for example the percentage of cytosines, the pH, the salinity of the medium or the environment of the triple helix.
• the introduction of so-called non-canonical triads causes more or less significant structural deformation at the level of the triple helix, and systematically entails significant destabilization of the latter.
• this process allows rapid and efficient purification of target DNA of pharmaceutical quality, it does however require that a sufficiently long sequence, preferably perfect homopuric, be present on one of the two strands of DNA to be purified, and that it is complementary to the third strand of DNA.
• This sequence can be naturally present or be inserted artificially within the target double-stranded DNA sequence which it is desired to purify.
• a DNA molecule carrying on a strand a target DNA sequence not essentially composed of purine bases was also capable of forming a stable triple helix structure with a third strand of DNA. , despite the presence of bases which are not complementary to those of the oligonucleotide leading to the formation of non-canonical triads.
• the target double-stranded DNA sequences newly identified by the applicant comprise on one strand a homopuric sequence interrupted by a determined number of pyrimidine bases.
• the Applicant has also discovered that these imperfect homopuric-homopyrimidine DNA sequences could be used to efficiently purify the DNA molecules containing them by triple helix interaction.
• the newly identified sequences are also particularly useful for the detection, quantification, isolation or sorting of DNA molecules containing them.
• the subject of the present invention is therefore new target DNA sequences comprising on a strand a sequence having the following general formula:
• R and R ' represent nucleotides composed solely of purine bases
• n and m are whole numbers less than 9, and the sum n + m is more than 5;
• N is a nucleotide sequence comprising both purine and pyrimidine bases
• t is an integer less than 8;
• said DNA sequence being capable of interacting with a third strand of DNA and thus leading to the formation of a triple helix structure.
• the homopuric sequences R and R 'located respectively in the 5' and 3 'parts of the target DNA sequence therefore have a total length greater than or equal to 6. They include the bases adenine and guanine capable of interacting with a third strand in order to lead to the formation of a triple helix structure consisting of canonical triads T * AT and + C * GC.
• the homopuric sequences R and R ′ comprise at least 2 guanines in total and at least 2 adenines. Even more preferably, these purine sequences comprise a motif of the type (AAG).
• the central sequence N has a length t of less than 8 purine and pyrimidine base pairs and is capable according to the invention of interacting with a third strand of DNA, in order to lead to the formation of non-canonical triads.
• the central sequence N has a length greater than or equal to 1 and less than 8. Even more preferably, the central sequence N has a length greater than or equal to 2 and less than 8.
• canonical triad is understood to mean the two nucleotide triads resulting from the interaction of the AT and GC doublet of double-stranded DNA with the bases T and + C to give the T * AT and + C * GC triads respectively. These two triads are among the 16 existing triads, those with the highest stability.
• non-canonical triad means all of the other 14 nucleotide triads. They result from the interaction of a double stranded DNA with a third strand of DNA in a non-specific manner and exhibit less stability compared to the canonical triads T * AT and + C * GC.
• T thymine
• the central sequence N can also form canonical triads T * AT and + C * GC resulting from the respective interaction of AT and GC doublets with thymine (T) and cytosine (C) bases located on the third strand of DNA.
• the central sequence N comprises purine and pyrimidine bases leading to the formation of at most 6 non-canonical triads. More preferably, the non-canonical triads resulting from the interaction of the central part with the oligonucleotide are chosen from the non-canonical triads T * CG, T * GC, C * AT, and C * TA.
• non-canonical triads comprising a C * AT, a C * TA, two T * CG, and two T * GCs
• formation of five non-canonical triads canonical comprising two C * AT and three T * GC
• the formation of three non-canonical triads comprising two T * GC and one C * AT.
• Several non-canonical T * TA triads may also be present, but in this case, they are not placed consecutively within the triple helix.
• the central sequence preferably comprises at most three pyrimidine bases C or T leading to the formation of the non-canonical triads T * CG and C * TA or G * TA.
• the three pyrimidine bases are not consecutive but are spaced by purine bases A or G, which can interact with the third strand of DNA to form the non-canonical bases T * GC and C * AT as well as canonical triads T * AT and + C * GC.
• the target double-stranded DNA sequence is the sequence 5'-AA GAA GCA TGC AGA GAA GAA-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 1).
• the third strand of DNA which is capable of interacting with the double stranded DNA sequences according to the invention may for example be an oligonucleotide or the strand of another double stranded DNA in the locally mismatched state, and may contain the following bases:
• T - thymine
• G - guanine
• C - cytosine
• the third strand of DNA used comprises a homopyrimide sequence rich in cytosines, which are present in the protonated state at acidic pH and stabilize the triple helix.
• oligonucleotides can comprise, for example, the sequence (CCT) n, the sequence (CT) n or the sequence (CTT) n, in which n is an integer between 1 and 20 inclusive. It is particularly advantageous to use sequences of type (CT) n, (CTT) n, or else sequences in which motifs are combined (CCT), (CT) or (CTT).
• the third strand of DNA is in the form of an oligonucleotide
• it can be natural, that is to say composed of natural bases, unmodified, or even chemically modified.
• the oligonucleotide can advantageously exhibit certain chemical modifications making it possible to increase its resistance or its protection with respect to nucleases, or its affinity with respect to the specific sequence.
• oligonucleotide is understood to mean any chain of nucleosides having undergone a modification of the skeleton in order to make it more resistant to nucleases.
• oligonucleotides which are capable of forming triple helices with DNA (Xodo et al., Nucleic Acids Research, 22 (1994) 3322), as well as oligonucleotides having formacetal or methylphosphonate backbones (Matteucci et al., d. Am. Chem. Soc, 113 (1991) 7767).
• oligonucleotides synthesized with ⁇ -anomers of nucleotides which also form triple helices with DNA
• Another modification of the skeleton is the phosphoramidate bond. Mention may be made, for example, of the N3'-P5 'phosphoramidate internucleotide bond described by Gryaznov et al. ⁇ J. Am. Chem. Soc, 116 (1994) 3143), which gives oligonucleotides which form particularly stable triple helices with DNA.
• ribonucleotides 2'-O-methylribose, or phosphodiester
• the phosphorus backbone can finally be replaced by a polyamide backbone as in the PNA (Peptide Nucleic Acid), which can also form triple helices (Nielsen et al., Science, 254 (1991) 1497; Kim et al., D. Am Chem. Soc, 115 (1993) 6477-6481).
• the third strand thymine can also be replaced by a 5-bromouracil, which increases the affinity of the oligonucleotide for DNA (Povsic et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc, 111 (1989) 3059).
• the third strand may also contain non-natural bases, among which mention may be made of 7-daza-2'-deoxyxanthosine (Milligan et al., Nucleic Acids Res., 21 (1993) 327), 1- (2-deoxy -alpha-D-ribofuranosyl) ⁇ 3-methyl-5-amino-1H-pyrazolo [4,3-cdpyrimidine-7-one (Koh et al., J. Am. Chem.
• an entirely advantageous modification according to the invention consists in methylating the cytosines of the oligonucleotide in position 5.
• the oligonucleotide thus methylated has the remarkable property of forming a stable triple helix with the specific sequence in pH zones closer to neutrality (>5; Xodo et al., Nucleic Acids Research 19 (1991) 5625). It therefore makes it possible to work at higher pHs than the oligonucleotides of the prior art, that is to say at pHs where the risks of degradation of the plasmid DNA are much lower.
• the length can be adapted on a case-by-case basis by a person skilled in the art according to the selectivity and the stability of the interaction sought.
• the third strands of DNA according to the invention can be synthesized by any known technique.
• they can be prepared using nucleic acid synthesizers. Any other method known to those skilled in the art can obviously be used.
• These third strands of DNA or these oligonucleotides are capable of forming a triple helix with a specific double strand DNA sequence as described above, comprising a mixed internal N region (pyrimidic-purine) of a length less than 8 nucleotides flanked by two homopuric regions R and R '.
• the latter may for example include a pattern of the GAA type.
• target double-stranded DNA sequence corresponding to the sequence: 5'- AA GAA GCA TGC AGA GAA GAA -3 '(SEQ ID NO: 1), which is capable of forming a triple helix with an oligonucleotide comprising a sequence chosen from the following sequences:
• the target DNA sequences according to the invention can be naturally present on the double-stranded DNA and it is then particularly advantageous to use an oligonucleotide capable of forming a triple helix with such a sequence present by example in the sequence of genes of interest such as genes of therapeutic or experimental interest, or marker genes.
• the Applicant has analyzed the nucleotide sequences of different genes of interest and tested the stability of triple helix interactions with an oligonucleotide of type (CTT) n, and it has been able to show that certain regions of these genes lead to the formation of a stable triple helix despite the presence of non-canonical triads such as T * CG, T * GC, C * AT, C * TA and T * TA.
• CTT oligonucleotide of type
• sequences which are naturally present on a double-stranded DNA there may be mentioned the sequence 5'- AA GAA GCA TGC AGA GAA GAA - 3 '(designated ID1) (SEQ ID No: 1) present in the sequence of the human gene FGF1 (Jaye et al., Science 233 (1986) 541), the sequence 5 '- GAA GAA GCA CGA GAA G - 3' (SEQ ID NO: 6) of the human gene coding for factor IX involved in coagulation ( Kurachi et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.
• a triple helix with a sequence present in a gene of therapeutic or experimental interest is particularly advantageous insofar as the target sequence is naturally present on the double-stranded DNA molecule and it is not necessary to modify target double-stranded DNA or the plasmid carrying this gene to incorporate a specific artificial sequence into it.
• a target sequence can also be introduced artificially within the double stranded DNA.
• a second aspect of the present invention resides in a method for the purification of double-stranded DNA, according to which a solution containing a DNA, in mixture with other components, is brought into contact with a third strand of DNA as above. described, which is then preferably an oligonucleotide capable of forming, by hybridization, a triple helix with a specific sequence present on the double-stranded DNA as described above.
• the double-stranded DNA is brought into contact in solution with the oligonucleotide immobilized on a support. Even more preferably, the oligonucleotide is coupled stably, covalently or non-covalently to said support.
• the step of bringing a solution containing a double-stranded DNA into contact may advantageously consist in passing the DNA solution, as a mixture with other components, over the support to which the oligonucleotide is coupled, in order to to obtain the double stranded DNA which it is desired to purify efficiently and quickly.
• Such supports are well known to those skilled in the art and include, for example, consisting of beads or microparticles such as latex particles, or any other suspended support.
• the oligonucleotide can also be grafted onto a polymer type molecule of natural or synthetic origin.
• the polymer to which the oligonucleotide is attached has a property allowing it to be easily separated from the solution after formation of the triple helix with double stranded DNA.
• the natural polymers mention may be made of proteins, lipids, sugars or polyols.
• the purification method according to the present invention is particularly useful since it allows i) the purification of DNA molecules not containing a homopuric sequence of sufficiently large length to allow the formation of a stable triple helix structure with a homopyrimide oligonucleotide, but also ii) DNA molecules whose homopuric sequence is interrupted by several pyrimidine bases. In addition to allowing the purification of a greater variety of DNA molecules, this process is also rapid and leads to particularly high yields and degrees of purity.
• DNA molecules from complex mixtures comprising other nucleic acids, proteins, endotoxins (such as lipopolysaccharides), nucleases, etc. , and to obtain a purified DNA of pharmaceutical quality.
• the oligonucleotide is generally functionalized.
• it can be modified by a terminal thiol, amine or carboxyl group, in the 5 ′ or 3 ′ position.
• a thiol, amine or carboxyl group makes it possible, for example, to couple the oligonucleotide on a support carrying disulfide, maleimide, amine, carboxyl, ester, epoxide, cyanogen bromide or aldehyde functions.
• These couplings are formed by establishment of disulfide, thioether, ester, amide or amine bonds between the oligonucleotide and the support. Any other method known to those skilled in the art can be used, such as bifunctional coupling reagents, for example.
• the oligonucleotide may contain an "arm" and a "spacer" base sequence.
• the use of an arm makes it possible to fix the oligonucleotide at a chosen distance from the support making it possible to improve the conditions of interaction with the DNA.
• the arm advantageously consists of a linear carbon chain, comprising 1 to 18, and preferably 6 to 12 groups of CH 2 type, and of an amine which allows the connection to the column.
• the arm is connected to a phosphate of the oligonucleotide or of a "spacer” composed of bases which do not interfere with the hybridization.
• the "spacer” can include purine bases.
• the "spacer” can include the GAGG sequence.
• the oligonucleotide coupled to the purification support may for example have the sequence 5'- GAGG CTT CTT CTT CTT CTT CTT CTT CTT CTT CTT CTT CTT CTT - 3 '(GAGG (CTT) 7 ; SEQ ID NO: 11) in which the GAGG bases are not involved in a triple helix structure but make it possible to form a space between the oligonucleotide and the coupling arm.
• chromatography supports can be functionalized chromatography supports, in bulk or preconditioned in a column, functionalized plastic surfaces or functionalized latex beads, magnetic or not. They are preferably chromatography supports for gel permeation.
• the chromatography supports that can be used are agarose, acrylamide or dextrans as well as their derivatives (such as Sephadex®, Sepharose®, Superose®, ...), polymers such as poly (styrenedivinylbenzene), or grafted or ungrafted silica, for example.
• the chromatography columns can operate in diffusion or perfusion mode, or in a system called a "fluidized bed” or “expanded” system using a chromatographic support whose density is adapted to this particular mode of implementation.
• the method according to the present invention can be used to purify any type of double stranded DNA. It is for example circular DNA, such as a mini-circle (Darquet et al., Gene Therapy 6 (1999) 209), a linear fragment, a plasmid generally carrying one or more genes of therapeutic or experimental interest. This plasmid can also carry a origin of replication, for example of the conditional type (such as the plasmids pCOR which are described by Soubrier et al., Gene Therapy 6 (1999) 1482), a marker gene, etc.
• the method of the invention can be applied directly to a cell lysate.
• the plasmid, amplified by transformation then cell culture is purified directly after lysis of the cells.
• the method according to the invention can also be applied to a clear lysate, that is to say to the supernatant obtained after neutralization and centrifugation of the cell lysate. It can obviously also be applied to a solution pre-purified by known methods.
• This method also makes it possible to purify DNA, linear or circular, carrying a sequence of interest, from a mixture comprising DNAs of different sequences.
• the method according to the invention can also be used for the purification of double-stranded RNA.
• the cell lysate can be a lysate of prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells.
• prokaryotic cells mention may, for example, be made of the bacteria E. coli, B. subtilis, S. typhimurium, S. aureus, or Streptomyces.
• eukaryotic cells mention may be made of animal cells, yeasts, fungi, etc., and more particularly, Kluyveromyces or Saccharomyces yeasts or COS, CHO, CI27, NIH3T3, MRC5, 293, etc. cells. ..
• the process of the invention is particularly advantageous since it makes it possible to obtain, very quickly and simply, plasmid DNA of very high purity.
• this method makes it possible to efficiently separate plasmid DNA from contaminating components, such as fragmented chromosomal DNA, RNAs, endotoxins, proteins, or nucleases.
• the process of the invention is also useful for the purification and enrichment of DNA molecules, and in particular of genes of therapeutic interest such as the FGF1 gene, which are produced and purified on an industrial scale, and whose purity must be compatible with pharmaceutical use.
• the subject of the present invention is a method for detecting, quantifying, and sorting double-stranded DNA molecules comprising at least one target sequence as previously described, which consists in a) bringing into contact a solution suspected of containing said molecules with a third strand of DNA, for example a labeled oligonucleotide, so as to form a stable triple helix, and b) detecting the complex possibly formed between the double stranded DNA and the third strand of DNA.
• This method is useful in particular in the context of genome analysis by allowing, for example, the detection of a particular DNA sequence in a genome or the sorting of specific sequences.
• the third strand of DNA or the oligonucleotide, according to this aspect of the present invention can be labeled by incorporating a label detectable by spectroscopic, photochemical, biochemical, immunochemical or even chemical means.
• markers can consist of radioactive isotopes (32P, 33P, 3H, 35S) or even fluorescent molecules (5-bromodeoxyuridine, fluorescein, acetylaminofluorene, digoxigenin).
• the labeling is preferably carried out by incorporating labeled molecules within the polynucleotides by extension of primers, or else by adding to the 5 ′ or 3 ′ ends.
• non-radioactive markings are described in particular in French patent No. FR 78 109 75 or also in the articles by Urdea et al. (1988, Nucleic Acids Research, 11: 4937-4957) or Sanchez-pescador et al. (1988; J. Clin. Microhiol., 26 (10): 1934-1938).
• the third strand of DNA or the oligonucleotide can also be immobilized on a support as previously described.
• a fourth aspect of the present invention relates to a kit or a kit for the purification and / or the detection of the presence of a double-stranded DNA according to the invention in a complex mixture, said kit comprising one or more oligonucleotides as described above. These can be immobilized on a support, and / or comprise a detectable marker.
• the detection kit described above such a kit will include a plurality of oligonucleotides in accordance with the invention which can be used to detect target DNA strand sequences of interest.
• the oligonucleotides immobilized on a support can be ordered in templates such as "DNA chips".
• ordered matrices have been described in particular in US Pat. No. 5,143,854, in PCT applications No. WO 90/150 70 and 92/10092.
• Support matrices on which the oligonucleotides have been immobilized at a high density are for example described in US Pat. Nos. 5,412,087 and in PCT application No. WO 95/11995.
• Figure 1 Schematic representation of the plasmid pXL3179
• Figure 2 Schematic representation of the plasmid pXL 3296
• Figure 3 Schematic representation of the plasmid pXL3426
• Figure 4 Schematic representation of the plasmid pXL3402
• Figure 5 Schematic representation of the plasmid pXL3678
• Figure 6 Schematic representation of the plasmid pXL3207
• Figure 7 Schematic representation of the plasmid pXL3388
• Figure 8 Schematic representation of the plasmid pXL3579.
• Figure 9 Schematic representations of plasmids pXL3601 and pXL3977.
• oligonucleotides are synthesized using the chemistry of phosphoramidites protected in ⁇ by a cyanoethyl group (Sinha et; al. Nucleic Acids Research, 12 (1984) 4539; Giles (1985) with the automatic DNA synthesizer from the company Applied Biosystem 394 using the manufacturer's recommendations
• the oligonucleotides used for the synthesis of affinity gels are obtained from the company Amersham Pharmacia Biotech (Uppsala, Sweden) or from Eurogentec (Seraing, Belgium) and are used as such.
• the plasmid pXL3179 which is represented in FIG. 1, is a vector derived from the plasmid pXL2774 (WO97 / 10343; Soubrier et al., Gene Therapy 6 (1999) 1482) in which the gene coding for a fusion between the signal peptide of the interferon of human fibroblasts and the cDNA of FGF1 (Fibroblast Growth Factor 1) (sp-FGF1, Jouanneau et al., PNAS 88 (1991 ), 2893) was introduced under the control of the promoter originating from the early region of human cytomegalovirus (hCMV IE E / P) and of the poiyadenylation signal of the late region of SV40 virus (SV40 late polyA; Genbank SV4CG).
• hCMV IE E / P human cytomegalovirus
• SV40 late polyA SV40 late polyA
• Genbank SV4CG poiyadenylation signal
• Plasmid pXL3296 derives from the plasmid pXL3179 in which the sp-FGF1 gene sequence has been replaced by the multisite for cloning of the plasmid pUC28 (Benes et al., Gene 130 (1993) 151). Plasmid pXL3296 is shown in Figure 2.
• the plasmid pXL3426 is derived from the plasmid pXL3296 in which the sequence 5'-GATCCAAGAAGCATGCAGAGAAGAATTC-3 'has been inserted between the BglU and Xho ⁇ sites. Plasmid pXL 3426 is shown in Figure 3.
• the plasmid pXL3675 is derived from the plasmid pXL3296 in which the sequence 5'-GAAGAAGGGAAAGAAGATCTG -3 'has been inserted between the Hpal and Xbal sites;
• the plasmid pXL3676 also derives from the plasmid pXL3296 in which the sequence 5'-GAAGAAAGGAGAGAAGATCTG-3 'has been inserted between Hpal and Xbal, and finally the plasmid pXL3713 which contains the DNA sequence 5'-GAAGAAGTTTAAGAAGATCTG-3 * inserted between the sites Hpa ⁇ and Xbal of pXL3296.
• the various plasmids as described in the examples which follow were chromatographed by affinity chromatography by triple helix interaction under standardized conditions.
• the affinity support was synthesized as follows from the Sephacryl® S-1000 SF chromatographic support (Amersham Pharmacia Biotech).
• l oligonucleotide was coupled via its terminal 5'-NH 2 part to the aldehyde groups of the activated matrix, by a reductive amination reaction in the presence of ascorbic acid (5 mM) following a procedure similar to that described for protein coupling (Hornsey et al., J. Immunol. Methods 93 (1986) 83).
• oligonucleotides were coupled following this general procedure, all the oligonucleotides have an NH 2 - (CH 2 ) ⁇ - functionalized arm located at the 5 ′ end of the oligonucleotide.
• the plasmid was eluted with 3 ml of a 100 mM Tris / HCl buffer column (pH 9.0) containing 0.5 mM EDTA and the quantity of plasmid eluted with the pH 9.0 buffer was quantified i) by measuring the absorbance at 260 nm of the solution and ii) by anion exchange chromatography on a Millipore GenPak-Fax column (Marquet et al., BioPharm, 8 (1995) 26).
• the sequence of the plasmid pXL3426 was identified by subcloning of different fragments of the FGF1 gene of increasingly smaller size.
• the internal sequence designated ID1 5 '- AA GAA GCA TGC AGA GAA GAA - 3' (SEQ ID No: 1) of the FGF1 gene therefore forms a stable triple helix structure with the oligonucleotide used of sequence SEQ ID No: 2.
• the triple helix structure obtained contains two Pyrimidine-Purine-Pyrimidine type zones (Py * PuPy) forming canonical triads T * AT and + C * GC long by 6 units (R, 5 'side) and 7 units (R' , side 3 ') separated by an internal zone (T) of 7 triads, six of which are non-canonical and include more precisely two T * GC triads, two T * CG triads, one C * AT triad, and one C * TA triad.
• Example 4 Identification of the necessary bases within the internal 20-mer sequence ID1 of the FGF1 gene for the stability of the triple helix structure
• oligonucleotides were prepared. For two of them, 7 or 13 nucleotides are absent on the 5 'side of ID1, and for the other 2, 7 or 14 nucleotides are absent on the 3' side.
• the plasmid pXL3426 was chromatographed on a triple helix interaction column functionalized using the oligonucleotide 5'-TT (CTT) 6 -3 '(SEQ ID No: 2) or the oligonucleotides FRB36, FRB38, FRB39 , or FRB40. The stability of the triple helix structure formed with the different internal truncated ID1 sequences was then tested by measuring the quantity of each of the plasmids retained on the column.
• CTT oligonucleotide 5'-TT
• FRB36, FRB38, FRB39 , or FRB40 The stability of the triple helix structure formed with the different internal truncated ID1 sequences was then tested by measuring the quantity of
• Example 5 Influence of the canoniou triads and of the number of non canoniou triads on the stability of the triple helix
• the sequence of the oligonucleotide 5'-TT (CTT) 6 -3 '(SEQ ID No: 2) has been modified and the capacity of these different oligonucleotides (FRB15, FRB16, and FRB17) to form a stable triple helix with the internal sequence ID1 (5 '- AA GAA GCA TGC AGA GAA GAA - 3 * ; SEQ ID No: 1) of the plasmid pXL3426 was tested.
• Example 6 Influence of the non-canoniou triads on the stability of the structure of the triple helix
• the sequence of the plasmid pXL3426 comprising the internal sequence ID1 (SEQ ID No: 1) of the FGF1 gene which is capable of forming a triple stable helix with oligonucleotide 5'-TT (CTT) 6 -3 '(SEQ ID No: 2), was modified in order to introduce into the central zone N two consecutive non-canonical triads of the T * GC type followed in 5 'of a non-canonical C * AT triad (pXL3675).
• five successive non-canonical triads C * AT, T * GC, T * GC, C * AT, and T * GC (p
• Example 7 Constructs of plasmid comprising a cassette coding for a SeAP gene. h ⁇ FP, FIX and GAX
• the genes used in these experiments to demonstrate the activity of the compositions of the invention are, for example, the human gene coding for factor F IX (Kurachi et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 79 (1982) 6461), the human gene coding for the secreted alkaline phosphatase SeAP (Millan et al., J. Biol. Chem., 261 (1986) 3112), the human gene coding for the alpha fceto-protein h ⁇ FP (Gibbs et al. , Biochemistry 26 (1987) 1332), the human gene coding for GAX (Gorski et al., Mol. Cell. Biol., 13 (1993) 3722).
• the gene coding for alpha feto-protein (h ⁇ FP) was introduced into a plasmid pCOR derived from pXL3296 to generate the plasmid pXL3678 ( Figure 5).
• the gene coding for GAX was introduced into a plasmid pCOR derived from pXL3296 to generate the plasmid pXL3207 ( Figure 6).
• the gene coding for factor FIX was introduced into a plasmid pCOR derived from pXL3296 to generate the plasmid pXL3388 ( Figure 7).
• Example 8 Use of a 5 '- (CTT) 7-3' type oligonucleotide to generate the formation of stable triple helix structures with various genes of interest
• the interaction of different sequences with the triple helix interaction gel functionalized by the oligonucleotide 5'-TT (CTT) 6 -3 '(SEQ ID No: 2) was studied by measuring the capacity obtained with plasmids carrying various genes.
• the genes studied were i) the human gene coding for factor IX, ii) the gene for secreted alkaline phosphatase SeAP, iii) the human gene for alpha feto-protein ( ⁇ FP) and iv) the human gene GAX.
• EXAMPLE 9 Use of a column functionalized with a 5 '- (CTT) 7 -3' type oligonucleotide for the purification of a plasmid containing the internal sequence ID1 (5 '- AA GAA GCA TGC AGA GAA GAA - 3'; SEQ ID NO: 1)
• the plasmid pXL3179 (comprising the human FGF1 gene, carrying the sequence 5 '- AA GAA GCA TGC AGA GAA GAA - 3' was chromatographed on an interaction column of Sephacryl S-1000 functionalized with the oligonucleotide 5'-NH 2 - (CH2) 6 - (CTT) -3 'For this, 9.40 mg of plasmid pXL3179 in 60 ml of 50 mM sodium acetate buffer, 2 M NaCl (pH 4.5) were injected at a flow rate of 30 cm / h on one 10 ml affinity column containing the oligonucleotide 5'-NH 2 - (CH2) 6 - (CTT) 7 - 3 'covalently coupled to Sephacryl S-100 SF as described in Example 3.
• the fixed plasmid was eluted with 2 column volumes of 100 mM Tris / HCl, 0.5 mM EDTA buffer and quantified by measuring the UV absorbance (260 nm) and by chromatography. ion exchange on a GenPak-Fax column (Waters). The content of genomic DNA of E. coli in the initial preparation and in the purified fraction was measured by PCR as described in WO 96/18744. 7.94 mg of plasmid pXL3179 was found in the eluted fraction (elution yield, 84%) and the level of contamination with genomic DNA from E.Coli was reduced from 7.8 to 0.2% by the affinity chromatography described . Likewise, the level of RNA contamination was reduced from 43% in the starting plasmid to 0.2% in the purified plasmid.
• EXAMPLE 10 Use of an Oligonucleotide of Type 5'-CCT TTT CCT CCT T- 3 '(SEQ ID N: 12) to Generate the Formation of Stable Triple Helix Structures with a Gene of Therapeutic Human VEGFB-167
• VEGF-B167 gene amplified by PCR at from a human heart cDNA library (Clontech) then cloned downstream of the eukaryotic promoter CMV E / P (-522Z + 74) and upstream of the SV40 late polyA signal sequence between the Nsil and Xbal sites of the multisite of cloning of PXL3296.
• the human VEGFB-167 gene contains a 5 '- AAA AAA AAA AAG GA - 3' homopuric sequence targeted by the 5 'oligonucleotide - TTT TTT TTC CT - 3' (Table 6), the interaction obtained with the 5 'oligonucleotide - CCT TTT CCT CCT T - 3' is very much greater than the interaction obtained with the homopyrimide oligonucleotide. Likewise, the internal homopuric sequence 5 '- GGA GGA A - 3' is not long enough to allow the formation of a stable triple helix with the oligonucleotide 5'- CCT CCT T - 3 '.
• Example 11 Use of an oligonucleotide of type 5′-T CCT CTCCCT C-3 ′ (SEQ ID N. 14) for the separation of the cDNA from undeleted VEGFB-186 via the formation of stable triple helix structures with a target sequence in the modified VEGFB-186 cDNA
• VEGFB-186 gene thus modified has a target DNA sequence according to the present invention 5'-A GGA GCG GGA G-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 15), which is capable of forming a stable triple helix interaction with an oligonucleotide of sequence 5'-T CCT CTC CCT C-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 14).
• This stable tripe helix interaction is advantageously used to implement the method according to the invention, and to separate the modified VEGFB-186 gene which has not undergone rearrangements and deletions after its production in a fermenter.
• VEGF-B186 gene was first amplified by PCR from a human heart cDNA library (Clontech), then cloned downstream of the eukaryotic promoter CMV E / P (-522 / + 74) and in upstream of the polyadenylation signal of the late region of the SV40 virus between the Nsil and Xbal sites of the cloning multisite of pXL3296 (Example 1.2), in order to generate the plasmid pXL3601.
• the latter was modified by PCR sequential and mutagenizing, in order to generate the plasmid pXL3977 in which the VEGFB-186 gene is modified at the level of exon 6A as described above.
• the interaction of the target sequence 5'-A GGA GCG GGA G-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 15) within the VEGFB-186m gene, with a triple helix interaction support functionalized by the 5'-T oligonucleotide CCT CTC CCT C-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 14) was studied by measuring the capacity obtained with the plasmid pXL3977 carrying the modified human VEGFB-186 gene ( Figure 9).
• the sequence of VEGFB-167 being contained in the sequence of VEGFB-186m, the plasmid pXL3579 as described in example 10 and which comprises the gene VEGFB-167 is therefore used as negative control.
• oligonucleotide such as for example the oligonucleotide (SEQ ID No. 14), targeting a sequence of type 5 ′ - (R) n - ( N) r (R ') m -3', here the 5 'region - A GGA GCG GGA G- 3' (SEQ ID NO: 15) of the modified human VEGFB-186 gene, to form a stable triple helix structure with a region of a gene of interest, and thereby purify it effectively.
• the oligonucleotide 5'-TTT CCT CTC CCT C-3 '(SEQ ID No. 16) can also be used for the purification of the modified human VEGFB-186 gene.

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