EP1353061B1 - Tête d'aiguille d'injecteur de carburant - Google Patents

Tête d'aiguille d'injecteur de carburant Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1353061B1
EP1353061B1 EP03405171A EP03405171A EP1353061B1 EP 1353061 B1 EP1353061 B1 EP 1353061B1 EP 03405171 A EP03405171 A EP 03405171A EP 03405171 A EP03405171 A EP 03405171A EP 1353061 B1 EP1353061 B1 EP 1353061B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
nozzle
nozzle head
maximum
accordance
chromium
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP03405171A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1353061A3 (fr
EP1353061A2 (fr
Inventor
Dietmar Dr. Schlager
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Wartsila NSD Schweiz AG
Original Assignee
Wartsila NSD Schweiz AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Wartsila NSD Schweiz AG filed Critical Wartsila NSD Schweiz AG
Priority to EP03405171A priority Critical patent/EP1353061B1/fr
Publication of EP1353061A2 publication Critical patent/EP1353061A2/fr
Publication of EP1353061A3 publication Critical patent/EP1353061A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1353061B1 publication Critical patent/EP1353061B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C1/045—Alloys based on refractory metals
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
    • B22F3/14—Both compacting and sintering simultaneously
    • B22F3/15—Hot isostatic pressing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C27/00—Alloys based on rhenium or a refractory metal not mentioned in groups C22C14/00 or C22C16/00
    • C22C27/06—Alloys based on chromium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
    • F02M61/166—Selection of particular materials
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
    • F02M61/18—Injection nozzles, e.g. having valve seats; Details of valve member seated ends, not otherwise provided for
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
    • F02M61/18—Injection nozzles, e.g. having valve seats; Details of valve member seated ends, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M61/1806—Injection nozzles, e.g. having valve seats; Details of valve member seated ends, not otherwise provided for characterised by the arrangement of discharge orifices, e.g. orientation or size
    • F02M61/182—Discharge orifices being situated in different transversal planes with respect to valve member direction of movement
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
    • B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B75/00—Other engines
    • F02B75/02—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke
    • F02B2075/022—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle
    • F02B2075/025—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle two
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
    • F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F7/00—Casings, e.g. crankcases or frames
    • F02F2007/0097—Casings, e.g. crankcases or frames for large diesel engines

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a nozzle head for a fuel injector according to the preamble of claim 1 and a fuel injector of an internal combustion engine, in particular a large diesel engine.
  • the fuel - typically a heavy oil or other diesel fuel - is introduced by means of fuel injection nozzles in the combustion chamber.
  • These injectors usually include a partially projecting into the combustion chamber nozzle head, which is also referred to as an atomizer.
  • the nozzle head is a wear part, which is subject to a high thermal, mechanical and chemical load collective. Depending on the level of stress, damage to the nozzle head may occur, such as material removal due to corrosion, erosion and / or abrasion, or cracks that can lead to breakup.
  • the mechanical loads are also based on the high injection pressure, which can be over a thousand bar. Inside the nozzle head, material losses due to cavitation and / or erosion can occur.
  • the thermal loads are based on the high temperatures in the combustion chamber and the enormous temperature changes between the combustion temperature and the temperature of the freshly supplied purge air. Also in the interior of the nozzle head, through which the fuel is introduced, the intermittent injection leads to shock-like temperature changes.
  • the Chemical stress on the nozzle head is mainly due to high temperature or hot corrosion. Hot corrosion, which is primarily caused by vanadium, sodium and sulfur contained in the fuel, promotes material degradation and erosion. In particular, the corrosion is the reason that a nozzle head can be unusable after a few thousand hours of operation and must be replaced.
  • nozzle heads in large diesel engines usually steels or alloys based on nickel or cobalt, such as Stellite 6, are used. With the cobalt-based alloy Stellite 6, it is now possible to achieve sufficient component service lives for nozzle heads in large diesel engines with regard to erosion, abrasion and cavitation (in particular in the bores of the nozzle head).
  • WO 95/24 286 A describes a fuel injector consisting of an aforementioned material.
  • WO 95/24 286 A describes a fuel injector consisting of an aforementioned material.
  • the development can be expected that in future, even more powerful large diesel engines and the load requirements will continue to increase especially for the nozzle heads.
  • a chromium-based alloy which has a nickel content of 30% to 48% and further contains 1.5% -15% tungsten and / or 1% -6.5% molybdenum, the sum of the tungsten and the molybdenum content not exceeding 15% ,
  • This alloy is disclosed as hard facing, which is particularly suitable for coating valves in automotive engines.
  • the Wolframund / or molybdenum content is essential to give the coating material the necessary strength and hardness.
  • the object of the invention is to propose a nozzle head, which is better suited to the high load collective in the large diesel engine and in particular has a high hot corrosion resistance.
  • the chromium-based alloy to be used for the nozzle head according to the invention proves to be particularly resistant to corrosion, especially hot corrosion, erosion, abrasion, material loss and cavitation.
  • a nozzle head, which is made of such a chromium-based alloy can withstand the high load collective in the large diesel engine very well. Its mechanical strength, resistance to cracking and its long-term resistance to pulsation stress meet the requirements. It has been shown that an operating time of 8,000 to 15,000 operating hours is made possible with a nozzle head according to the invention in a large diesel engine.
  • the high chromium content of the inventive nozzle head is of particular importance for the resistance to intensive attacks by high-temperature corrosion, as they typically occur in the combustion chamber of a large diesel engine operated with heavy oil.
  • Chromium forms dense and adherent chromium oxide layers on the surface of the nozzle heads, which impart chemical resistance to the material. Due to the high chromium content, chromium can also quickly diffuse from the interior of the nozzle head to the surface of the nozzle head and heal there incurred injuries in the oxide layer.
  • the material contains at least one reactive element from the group consisting of the elements lanthanum (La), cerium (Ce), yttrium (Y), hafnium (Hf), scandium (Sc) and the rare earth, wherein the content of each reactive element is at most 5%.
  • the reactive element from the group consisting of the elements lanthanum (La), cerium (Ce), yttrium (Y), hafnium (Hf), scandium (Sc) and the rare earth, wherein the content of each reactive element is at most 5%.
  • the function of the reactive elements in the material is to positively influence the stability of the chromium oxide layer within itself and its adhesion to the nozzle head. Even small amounts of such reactive elements can significantly improve the oxidation behavior and in particular the adhesion of the oxide layer, especially during thermal cycling.
  • the nickel content is at least 45%.
  • the material is less brittle and can be better processed or processed.
  • the nozzle head according to the invention can withstand the high load collective in the large diesel engine in an outstanding manner and, in particular, has a high hot corrosion resistance.
  • each reactive element is at most 1%, in particular at most 0.2%.
  • the content of carbon (C) is preferably at most 1%, in particular at most 0.05% and the content of silicon (Si) at most 1%, in particular at most 0.5%.
  • the presence of one of the reactive elements in the nozzle head according to the invention usually suffices. Depending on the application, however, it may also be advantageous to produce the nozzle head with several of the reactive elements.
  • the nozzle head is preferably made of corresponding metal powder having a main particle size of 10 to 200 microns, especially 40 to 150 microns. By this is meant that the majority of the powder grains have a size of 10 to 200, in particular 40 to 150 micrometers.
  • the nozzle head has a longitudinal bore and at least one nozzle hole emanating from the longitudinal bore for introducing fuel into a combustion chamber, wherein the transition from the longitudinal bore to the nozzle hole is rounded, preferably electro-chemically (eluted). By rounding the transition areas, sharp edges in the flow path of the fuel are avoided, whereby the flow conditions are optimized.
  • the inventive nozzle head is particularly suitable for a fuel injector for an internal combustion engine, especially a diesel engine.
  • a fuel injector for an internal combustion engine especially a diesel engine.
  • Particularly suitable is the nozzle head according to the invention or the fuel injection nozzle provided therefor for large diesel engines, for example longitudinally purged two-stroke large diesel engines with crosshead drive or four-stroke large diesel engines.
  • Fig. 1 shows a sectional view of a fuel injector of a large diesel engine, especially a two-stroke large diesel engine with longitudinal rinse, which is designated overall by the reference numeral 1.
  • the fuel injection nozzle 1 comprises an embodiment of a nozzle head 2 according to the invention, which is fastened to a nozzle body 3.
  • the nozzle head 2 - as shown - releasably connected to the nozzle body 3, so that the nozzle head is separately exchangeable, that is, without the entire fuel injector 1 must be replaced.
  • the nozzle head 2 has a longitudinal bore 20, and a plurality, for example five, nozzle holes 21, of which in Fig. 1 only two are shown.
  • the nozzle holes 21 go out each of the longitudinal bore 20 and extend from there in a radial, slightly inclined downward direction.
  • the fuel usually a heavy oil or other diesel fuel, in a conventional manner intermittently adapted to the working cycle of the large diesel engine is injected under high pressure through the longitudinal bore 20 and the nozzle holes 21 in the combustion chamber, not shown.
  • the nozzle head 2 is made of a material which is a chromium-based alloy comprising a reactive element.
  • a reactive element is a rare earth or a similar metal.
  • Particularly suitable are lanthanum (La), cerium (Ce), yttrium (Y), hafnium (Hf), scandium (Sc).
  • the material has a high nickel content of 45% to 50% by weight in order to ensure better machinability.
  • the nickel content of the alloy is above 45% and as a reactive element lanthanum is included with a weight fraction of less than 0.1%.
  • the rest is chromium.
  • the material comprises more than one reactive element.
  • each reactive element is contained at most 1%, especially at most 0.2% by weight.
  • the nozzle head 2 according to the invention is preferably produced by means of a hot isostatic pressing method (HIP: hot isostatic pressing).
  • HIP hot isostatic pressing
  • the starting materials in this case chromium, nickel and lanthanum as a reactive element - sprayed in a conventional manner to powder.
  • the grain size of the powder is in this embodiment, for the most part between 45 and 150 microns.
  • the nozzle head 2 is made by mechanical, usually machining methods.
  • the longitudinal bore 20 and the nozzle holes 21 are drilled.
  • the transition areas (edges) between the longitudinal bore 20 and the nozzle holes 21 are rounded. These edges are preferably electrolytically rounded (eluted).
  • the process parameters for hot isostatic pressing can be optimized for the respective application.
  • the inventive nozzle head 2 has excellent resistance to hot corrosion and the associated loss of material. It has also grown in a very good way to the other requirements of the thermal, mechanical and chemical load collective in a large diesel engine. With such nozzle heads 2, an operating time of 8000 to 15000 hours can be achieved. Even after such a long period of operation, the nozzle heads have still presented in good condition.
  • the nozzle head according to the invention is therefore also suitable for future generations of large diesel engines, which are even more powerful and make even higher demands on the load capacity of the nozzle heads.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Portable Nailing Machines And Staplers (AREA)

Claims (8)

  1. Tête d'injecteur (2) pour un injecteur de carburant (1) d'un moteur à combustion interne, en particulier un grand moteur diesel, caractérisé en ce que le matériau de la tête d'injecteur est un alliage à base de chrome, qui, en dehors des impuretés apparaissant habituellement, comprend en pourcentage en poids d'au moins 45 % de nickel (Ni), du chrome (Cr) dans une plage supérieure à 50 % jusqu'à 55 % compris, du carbone (C) dans une plage supérieure à 0 % jusqu'à 5 % compris, du silicium (Si) dans une plage supérieure à 0 % jusqu'à 5 % compris, et un ou plusieurs éléments réactifs dans une plage supérieure à 0 % jusqu'à 5 % compris.
  2. Tête d'injecteur (2) selon la revendication 1, qui contient au moins un élément réactif provenant du groupe qui se compose des éléments lanthane (La), cer (Ce), yttrium (Y), hafnium (Hf), scandium (Sc) et terres rares, la teneur en chaque élément réactif étant au maximum de 5 %.
  3. Tête d'injecteur (2) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, la teneur en chaque élément réactif étant au maximum de 1 %, en particulier au maximum de 0,2 % et la teneur en carbone (C) au maximum de 1 %, en particulier au maximum de 0,05 % et la teneur en silicium (Si) au maximum de 1 %, en particulier au maximum de 0,5 %.
  4. Tête d'injecteur (2) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes fabriquée par un procédé de compression isostatique à chaud.
  5. Tête d'injecteur (2) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes fabriquée à partir de poudre de métal appropriée avec une grosseur de grain principale de 10 à 200 microns, en particulier 40 à 150 microns.
  6. Tête d'injecteur (2) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, comprenant un alésage longitudinal (20) et au moins un trou d'injecteur partant de l'alésage longitudinal (20) pour l'introduction de carburant dans un espace de combustion, la transition de l'alésage longitudinal (20) à la tête d'injecteur (21) étant arrondie, de préférence par électrochimie.
  7. Injecteur de carburant (1) pour un carburant comprenant une tête d'injecteur selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6.
  8. Moteur à combustion interne, en particulier grand moteur diesel comprenant un injecteur de carburant selon la revendication 7.
EP03405171A 2002-04-11 2003-03-12 Tête d'aiguille d'injecteur de carburant Expired - Lifetime EP1353061B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP03405171A EP1353061B1 (fr) 2002-04-11 2003-03-12 Tête d'aiguille d'injecteur de carburant

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP02405289 2002-04-11
EP02405289 2002-04-11
EP03405171A EP1353061B1 (fr) 2002-04-11 2003-03-12 Tête d'aiguille d'injecteur de carburant

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1353061A2 EP1353061A2 (fr) 2003-10-15
EP1353061A3 EP1353061A3 (fr) 2006-05-31
EP1353061B1 true EP1353061B1 (fr) 2008-03-05

Family

ID=28686034

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP03405171A Expired - Lifetime EP1353061B1 (fr) 2002-04-11 2003-03-12 Tête d'aiguille d'injecteur de carburant

Country Status (8)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1353061B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP4870323B2 (fr)
KR (1) KR100959597B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN100436625C (fr)
AT (1) ATE388322T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE50309291D1 (fr)
DK (1) DK1353061T3 (fr)
PL (1) PL199117B1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
PL1566539T3 (pl) * 2004-02-23 2009-05-29 Waertsilae Nsd Schweiz Ag Wtryskiwacz paliwa
EP2000550A1 (fr) * 2007-06-08 2008-12-10 Wärtsilä Schweiz AG Matière première à base d'alliage de CrNi, demi-produit, composants pour un moteur à combustion et procédé de fabrication de la matière première et du demi-produit
KR20100101516A (ko) 2009-03-09 2010-09-17 베르트질레 슈바이츠 악티엔게젤샤프트 공작물의 안착면을 코팅하는 방법 및 코팅된 안착면을 구비한 공작물
CN101694199B (zh) * 2009-08-20 2011-05-11 余姚市舒春机械有限公司 低速柴油机喷嘴
DE102009046437B4 (de) * 2009-11-05 2018-04-19 Man Diesel & Turbo Se Verfahren zum Bearbeiten einer Einspritzdüse
AT511880B1 (de) * 2011-09-06 2013-12-15 Bosch Gmbh Robert Verschleissoptimierte herstellung von konischen spritzlöchern
CN115324799B (zh) * 2022-06-29 2023-06-06 中汽研汽车检验中心（天津）有限公司 一种用于表征汽油机喷嘴积碳的方法和装置

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JPH0676638B2 (ja) * 1986-07-01 1994-09-28 三菱マテリアル株式会社 耐食性および耐熱性のすぐれた高強度Ｎｉ−Ｃｒ系合金
JPS6331301A (ja) 1986-07-25 1988-02-10 Sharp Corp 帯域通過フイルタ
JPH0639095Y2 (ja) * 1988-03-09 1994-10-12 住友重機械工業株式会社 ディーゼル機関用燃料噴射ノズル
EP0452079A1 (fr) * 1990-04-12 1991-10-16 Tosoh Corporation Matériau chrome-nickel à teneur élevée en chrome et son procédé de préparation
JPH04358054A (ja) * 1991-06-03 1992-12-11 Kobe Steel Ltd 耐エロージョン性に優れた溶射用粉末材料および表面　　　　　　　　　　　　被覆部品
JP3148340B2 (ja) * 1991-08-27 2001-03-19 福田金属箔粉工業株式会社 ハードフェーシング用高靱性クロム基合金、その粉末、および該合金を肉盛した自動車用エンジンバルブ
EP0625130B1 (fr) * 1991-12-03 1997-03-19 Advanced Composite Materials Corporation Frittage de poudre non comprimee de composes d'aluminium renforces par barbes
JPH05222481A (ja) * 1992-02-07 1993-08-31 Tosoh Corp 新規高クロムニッケルメカニカル合金およびその製造方法
EP0569655B1 (fr) * 1992-05-11 1996-01-24 New Sulzer Diesel AG Buse d'injection pour un dispositif d'injection de combustible
KR100324398B1 (ko) * 1994-03-10 2002-10-18 엠에이엔 비앤드떠블유 디젤 에이/에스 연료밸브용노즐및그제조방법
EP0692625B1 (fr) * 1994-07-15 1999-12-29 Wärtsilä NSD Schweiz AG Buse d'une soupape d'injection de combustible
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EP0982493B1 (fr) * 1998-08-27 2003-09-24 Wärtsilä Schweiz AG Procédé de fabrication d'un injecteur de combustible et injecteur de combustible

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE50309291D1 (de) 2008-04-17
DK1353061T3 (da) 2008-06-23
JP4870323B2 (ja) 2012-02-08
CN100436625C (zh) 2008-11-26
CN1450186A (zh) 2003-10-22
EP1353061A3 (fr) 2006-05-31
PL359617A1 (en) 2003-10-20
JP2003301233A (ja) 2003-10-24
KR100959597B1 (ko) 2010-05-27
PL199117B1 (pl) 2008-08-29
KR20030081020A (ko) 2003-10-17
ATE388322T1 (de) 2008-03-15
EP1353061A2 (fr) 2003-10-15

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