EP1444421B1 - Procede de fabrication d'un siege de soupape - Google Patents

Procede de fabrication d'un siege de soupape Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1444421B1
EP1444421B1 EP02792724A EP02792724A EP1444421B1 EP 1444421 B1 EP1444421 B1 EP 1444421B1 EP 02792724 A EP02792724 A EP 02792724A EP 02792724 A EP02792724 A EP 02792724A EP 1444421 B1 EP1444421 B1 EP 1444421B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
additional material
cylinder head
valve seat
weight
alloy
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP02792724A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1444421A1 (fr
Inventor
Jürgen Claus
Reiner Heigl
Harald Pfeffinger
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mercedes Benz Group AG
Original Assignee
DaimlerChrysler AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by DaimlerChrysler AG filed Critical DaimlerChrysler AG
Publication of EP1444421A1 publication Critical patent/EP1444421A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1444421B1 publication Critical patent/EP1444421B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01LCYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L3/00Lift-valve, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces; Parts or accessories thereof
    • F01L3/02Selecting particular materials for valve-members or valve-seats; Valve-members or valve-seats composed of two or more materials
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01LCYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L3/00Lift-valve, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces; Parts or accessories thereof
    • F01L3/02Selecting particular materials for valve-members or valve-seats; Valve-members or valve-seats composed of two or more materials
    • F01L3/04Coated valve members or valve-seats
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00Metal working
    • Y10T29/49Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49229Prime mover or fluid pump making
    • Y10T29/49231I.C. [internal combustion] engine making
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00Metal working
    • Y10T29/49Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49229Prime mover or fluid pump making
    • Y10T29/49298Poppet or I.C. engine valve or valve seat making
    • Y10T29/49306Valve seat making
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00Metal working
    • Y10T29/49Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49405Valve or choke making
    • Y10T29/49409Valve seat forming

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a process for the preparation a valve seat for a cylinder head of an internal combustion engine according to the preamble of claims 1, 16, 23 and 29 more defined type. Furthermore, concerns the invention a valve seat assembly for a Cylinder head of an internal combustion engine.
  • From DE 35 17 077 C1 is a method for tanks the valve seat surface of a gas exchange valve known in which in a circumferential recess on the valve plate preferably of a nickel or cobalt base superalloy existing tank material introduced becomes.
  • the base material of the cylinder head consists essentially of aluminum and as Additional material for the formation of the valve seat is either Iron or nickel or an alloy with a used as the main component of these two metals.
  • a disadvantage here is that iron and nickel are essential higher melting point than that of aluminum have existing cylinder head. This can cause that upon exposure to a laser beam the cylinder head may already have melted, though the filler first begins to melt. Furthermore It can happen that the previously liquid iron already is solidified while the aluminum is still as Melt is present. This leads to the formation of intermetallic Phases in the border region between iron and Aluminum material, which is a very brittle microstructure May have consequences. That's why it's difficult to get a homogeneous one Connection between the valve seat to be created and to reach the base material of the cylinder head, whereby here also the different surface tensions the materials play a big role.
  • a cylinder head made of an aluminum alloy describes EP 02 28 282 B1.
  • the valve seats This cylinder head is made of a plated Copper alloy layer formed.
  • valve seats When using copper as the material for valve seats is, however, arises especially in diesel internal combustion engines the disadvantage that in the diesel fuel contained sulfur attacks the copper, causing Problems with exhaust gas development and corrosion arise.
  • the use of copper for valve seats is therefore useful only for Otto internal combustion engines and therefore can not be done in an economic way be used.
  • a method for surface treatment of light metal components, in particular of light metal pistons of Internal combustion engines, with a strength-increasing and / or wear-resistant filler material goes out of the DE 22 00 003 A1.
  • this object is achieved in that as an additional material an alloy or a mixture of an aluminum-iron alloy and at least one another ingredient is used.
  • the cylinder head acts it is in such an alloy to a to the base material of the cylinder head, which is often off an aluminum-silicon alloy consists of its own Alloy. This allows a very good metallurgical Connection without the formation of brittle intermetallic Phases at the interface between the coating or the additional material and the base material. This results in a low tendency to cracking.
  • the iron content in the invention for the Additional alloy used advantageously increases the hardness of the same.
  • Another alternative solution gives the task in that as an additional material an alloy or a mixture of an iron-carbon alloy and at least one other ingredient used becomes.
  • This composition is in principle based on proven Materials of valve seat rings mounted as separate parts, However, it can also by the inventive Melting process can be applied and has a high hardness and very good wear properties on.
  • Another alternative solution gives the task in that as an additional material an alloy or a mixture of a nickel-chromium alloy as well at least one further ingredient is used.
  • Such an alloy allows high temperature and wear resistance and has, if appropriate Selection of the other ingredient, very good tribological properties.
  • a valve seat assembly for a cylinder head of a Internal combustion engine is described in claim 46.
  • valve seats widening, annular areas that partially overlap, the areas exist between the actual ones Valve seats, the so-called valve webs, too from the higher quality material for the valve seats.
  • a part of a cylinder head 1 is a in their entirety not shown internal combustion engine shown.
  • the cylinder head 1 an inlet channel 2, which in the present Case, of course, also as outlet channel could be trained.
  • the inlet channel 2 is through a gas exchange valve 3, in the following the simplicity half referred to as valve 3, closed or opened, so that a fuel / air mixture from the Inlet 2 into a combustion chamber 4 of the cylinder head 1 can occur.
  • the cylinder head 1 is provided with a valve seat 5, at which the valve 3 in its closed Condition is applied and so the inlet channel 2 of the Combustion chamber 4 separates.
  • FIGS. 2 to 6 show various embodiments the valve seat 5, wherein the method for producing the respective valve seat 5 at a later date with reference to the Figures 7 and 8 will be described.
  • Fig. 3 is another embodiment of the valve seat 5, which are similar to those according to FIG Fig. 2 is.
  • valve seat 5 Another embodiment of the valve seat 5 show Figures 5 and 6, wherein here the valve seat 5 a much wider range than the ones described above Embodiments occupies.
  • the valve seats 5 are around an annular area 5a extended.
  • the individual areas 5a overlap partially so that the areas between the actual Valve seats 5, namely the so-called Valve bars, also from the higher quality material for the valve seats 5 exist.
  • Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 are two different methods for the production of the valve seat 5 shown.
  • a light metal alloy e.g. an aluminum-silicon alloy
  • an additional material 7 applied in the form of a powder.
  • the additional material 7 will be at a later date discussed in more detail.
  • Alternative to an aluminum-silicon alloy as the base material of the cylinder head 1 are of course other light metal alloys and optionally also cast iron or other alloys conceivable.
  • a nozzle 8 is arranged, which the additional material 7 in the direction of the cylinder head 1 outputs.
  • the additional material 7 on hits the cylinder head 1 so it is in the embodiment according to Fig. 7 process simultaneously from a laser beam 9 together with the outer layer of the base material of the cylinder head 1 melted to to produce a melt 10 on the cylinder head 1.
  • the laser beam 9 is as an energy source as well the use of an electron beam, not shown possible to get out of the additional material 7 by Incorporation of energy to produce the melt 10.
  • the nozzle 8 and the laser beam 9 constantly in one Continued circular motion.
  • the laser or Electron beam 9 in the feed direction according to the arrow A has removed from the melt 10, this solidifies a layer 11 which forms the valve seat 5.
  • Fig. 8 shows an alternative method of manufacture the valve seat 5, wherein the additional material 7, for example in the form of a paste, a wire, a sintered body or a powder preform applied to the cylinder head 1 or in the groove. 6 introduced and then with the laser beam 9 or also with an electron beam to the melt 10th is melted. Here, too, arises again the melt 10 after removal of the laser beam 9 in Arrow direction A, the layer 11, the valve seat. 5 forms. This process is called a two-step process designated.
  • the additional material 7 by absorbing energy even before hitting the surface of the cylinder head 1 heated or partially or completely is melted, so can the primary Energy source, ie the laser beam 9 or the electron beam, introduced energy can be reduced.
  • the base material of the cylinder head 1 only slightly melted, causing the occurrence brittle phases and cracking in the interface between the cylinder head 1 and the valve seat 5 is reduced becomes. In this way, you can also otherwise less suitable materials than filler material 7 use. This procedure is especially for the described above, two-stage process well suited.
  • the region of the valve seat 5 may be provided a magnetic field, which the additional material 7 or from the additional material. 7 resulting melt 10 contoured and / or mixed, resulting in a more homogeneous distribution of the substances within the melt 10 leads. Furthermore, you can possibly in the melt 10 located in this way Outgas pores.
  • an alloy or a mixture of an aluminum-iron alloy as well be used at least one other ingredient.
  • the aluminum-iron alloy 6 - 13 % By weight of iron and 87-94% by weight of aluminum.
  • the additional material 7 1 - 3% by weight vanadium and / or 1 - 3% by weight Silicon included.
  • the additional material 7 30-55% by weight of nickel and then optionally 3 - Contains 15% by weight of copper.
  • the additional material 7 5 - 20% by weight of nickel and then optionally 35-45 Weight% copper included.
  • Nickel and copper arise Nickel-aluminum or copper-aluminum phases, which increase the hardness of the valve seat 5.
  • Another component of the additional material 7 can 0.2-1% magnesium by weight and 0.2-2% by weight Boron, titanium and / or scandium. This causes a finer formation of intermetallic phases and an improved homogeneity of the structure.
  • the additional material Contains 7 hard material components, which from a compound of a metal with carbon, Oxygen or nitrogen exist. Such hard materials increase the wear resistance of the valve seat 5 considerably.
  • the hard material components can homogeneously over the volume of the valve seat 5 be distributed or it is possible that the hard material components inhomogeneous over the volume of the valve seat 5 are distributed, wherein the content of the hard material components from the cylinder head 1 increase toward the surface of the valve seat 5.
  • the latter alternative ie a so-called Gradient layer, leads to an increasing Concentration of hard constituents to the surface of the valve seat 5, whereby the hardness and thus the wear characteristics of the valve seat. 5 increase.
  • this is the susceptibility to cracking in the connection zone, ie at the connection surface the valve seat 5 with the cylinder head 1, reduced.
  • an aluminum-iron alloy or a mixture of these metals can also be an alloy or a filler 7 Mixture of aluminum and titanium are used.
  • the additional material 7 for example 30-40% by weight of aluminum and 60-70% by weight Titanium included.
  • the additional material 7 13 - 17% by weight Aluminum and 83-87% by weight of titanium may also be provided.
  • the additional material 7 can in this case at least contain another component, namely 0.5 - 5 Weight% or 17-50% by weight of niobium, resulting in reduction the embrittlement tendency very well suited is. It is also possible that the additional material 7 0.5 - 5% by weight chromium, vanadium, manganese, molybdenum and / or tantalum.
  • a third possibility for the formation of the additional material 7 may be that for the same an alloy or a mixture of an iron-carbon alloy and at least one other ingredient is used.
  • Manganese and / or 5 - 15% by weight molybdenum and / or Contains cobalt By the use of nickel and / or chromium can form carbides that reduce the hardness of the valve seat 5 increase.
  • the additional material 7 contains 10 to 25% by weight of copper. Cobalt, copper and molybdenum improve lubricating properties, Copper's thermal conductivity.
  • a fourth way to carry out the process is that as additional material 7 an alloy or a mixture of a nickel-chromium alloy and used at least one other ingredient is then, in which case the nickel-chromium alloy 10-30 Containing% by weight of chromium and 70-90% by weight of nickel can.
  • the additional material 7 10 - 40 contained by weight% molybdenum. Furthermore, it is it is possible that the additional material 7 5 - 10% by weight Contains copper and / or cobalt. It is also possible that the additional material 7 5 - 12% by weight aluminum and 0.1-2% by weight of carbon and / or yttrium contains.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Welding Or Cutting Using Electron Beams (AREA)
  • Lift Valve (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Procédé de fabrication d'un siège de soupape pour une tête de cylindre d'un moteur à combustion interne, dans lequel, par l'introduction d'énergie, une matière d'appoint est fondue à cet endroit avec la tête de cylindre sur laquelle le siège de soupape doit être formé,
       caractérisé en ce qu'un alliage ou un mélange d'aluminium et de titane est utilisé en tant que matière d'appoint, la matière d'appoint (7) contenant 30 à 40 % en poids d'aluminium et 60 à 70 % en poids de titane.
  2. Procédé de fabrication d'un siège de soupape pour une tête de cylindre d'un moteur à combustion interne, dans lequel, par l'introduction d'énergie, une matière d'appoint est fondue à cet endroit avec la tête de cylindre sur laquelle le siège de soupape doit être formé,
       caractérisé en ce qu'un alliage ou un mélange d'aluminium et de titane est utilisé en tant que matière d'appoint, la matière d'appoint (7) contenant 13 à 17 % en poids d'aluminium et 83 à 87 % en poids de titane.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2,
       caractérisé en ce que la matière d'appoint (7) contient au moins un autre composant.
  4. Procédé selon la revendication 3,
       caractérisé en ce que le Niobium est utilisé dans un rapport de 0,5 à 5 % en poids en tant qu'autre composant.
  5. Procédé selon la revendication 3,
       caractérisé en ce que le Niobium est utilisé dans un rapport de 17 à 50 % en poids en tant qu'autre composant.
  6. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 3 à 5,
       caractérisé en ce que la matière d'appoint (7) contient 0,5 à 5 % en poids de chrome, de vanadium, de manganèse, de molybdène et/ou de tantale.
  7. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6,
       caractérisé en ce que la matière d'appoint (7) est fondue avec la tête de cylindre (1) au moyen d'un rayon laser (9).
  8. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7,
       caractérisé en ce que la matière d'appoint (7) est fondue avec la tête de cylindre (1) au moyen d'un rayon électronique (9).
  9. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8,
       caractérisé en ce qu'un champ magnétique est prévu dans la zone du siège de soupape (5) et esquisse et/ou mélange intimement la matière d'appoint (7) ou le métal fondu (10) résultant de la matière d'appoint (7).
  10. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9,
       caractérisé en ce que la matière d'appoint (7) est montée sur la tête de cylindre (1) en même temps que l'introduction d'énergie.
  11. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 10,
       caractérisé en ce que la matière d'appoint (7) est montée sous forme de poudre sur la tête de cylindre (1).
  12. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 ou 2,
       caractérisé en ce que la matière d'appoint (7) est montée sur la tête de cylindre (1) au moyen d'une tuyère (8).
  13. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 12,
       caractérisé en ce que la matière d'appoint (7) est montée sur la tête de cylindre (1) et est ensuite fondue avec la tête de cylindre (1) au moyen de l'introduction d'énergie.
  14. Procédé selon la revendication 13,
       caractérisé en ce que la matière d'appoint (7) est montée sous forme de poudre sur la tête de cylindre (1).
  15. Dispositif de siège de soupape pour une tête de cylindre d'un moteur à combustion interne, comportant plusieurs sièges de soupape (5) constitués de la matière d'appoint (7), fabriqués d'après un procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 14, les sièges de soupape (5) s'étendant respectivement autour d'une zone (5a) annulaire également constituée de la matière d'appoint (7), de sorte que les zones annulaires individuelles se chevauchent au moins partiellement.
EP02792724A 2001-11-15 2002-10-18 Procede de fabrication d'un siege de soupape Expired - Lifetime EP1444421B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10156196 2001-11-15
DE10156196A DE10156196C1 (de) 2001-11-15 2001-11-15 Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Ventilsitzes
PCT/EP2002/011682 WO2003042508A1 (fr) 2001-11-15 2002-10-18 Procede de fabrication d'un siege de soupape

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1444421A1 EP1444421A1 (fr) 2004-08-11
EP1444421B1 true EP1444421B1 (fr) 2005-08-17

Family

ID=7705896

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP02792724A Expired - Lifetime EP1444421B1 (fr) 2001-11-15 2002-10-18 Procede de fabrication d'un siege de soupape

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US7013858B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1444421B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP3835694B2 (fr)
KR (1) KR20050037497A (fr)
AT (1) ATE302333T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE10156196C1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2003042508A1 (fr)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10255447A1 (de) * 2002-11-28 2004-06-24 Daimlerchrysler Ag Ventilsitz und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Ventilsitzes
JP4038724B2 (ja) * 2003-06-30 2008-01-30 トヨタ自動車株式会社 レーザクラッド加工装置およびレーザクラッド加工方法
DE10329912B4 (de) * 2003-07-02 2005-06-09 Daimlerchrysler Ag Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Ventilsitzes
DE10353473B4 (de) * 2003-11-15 2007-02-22 Daimlerchrysler Ag Bauteil einer Brennkraftmaschine und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung
KR100656607B1 (ko) * 2004-07-15 2006-12-11 현대자동차주식회사 밸브의 윤활구조
JP5101838B2 (ja) * 2006-05-16 2012-12-19 ヤンマー株式会社 金属部材の表面硬化方法
US7757396B2 (en) * 2006-07-27 2010-07-20 Sanyo Special Steel Co., Ltd. Raw material powder for laser clad valve seat and valve seat using the same
DE102008003871A1 (de) 2008-01-08 2009-07-09 Volkswagen Ag Blechhalbzeuge und Verfahren zum Veredeln von Blechhalbzeugen mit Hilfe von Laserstrahlverfahren
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DE102008050388B3 (de) 2008-10-02 2009-10-22 Märkisches Werk GmbH Verfahren zur Reparatur von Schäden eines wassergekühlten Zylinderkopfes bei 4-Takt-Verbrennungsmotoren, sowie Zylinderkopf
US9228458B2 (en) * 2010-02-19 2016-01-05 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Valve seat insert
KR101316474B1 (ko) * 2011-09-19 2013-10-08 현대자동차주식회사 엔진밸브시트 및 그 제조방법
US9011086B2 (en) * 2011-12-07 2015-04-21 Honeywell International Inc. Treated valve seat
JP5858007B2 (ja) * 2013-07-01 2016-02-10 トヨタ自動車株式会社 バルブシート用の肉盛方法及びシリンダヘッドの製造方法
WO2015089252A1 (fr) * 2013-12-13 2015-06-18 Dm3D Technology, Llc Procédé permettant de fabriquer une surface résistant à l'usure à conductivité élevée sur un substrat souple
KR101610166B1 (ko) * 2014-12-04 2016-04-20 현대자동차 주식회사 밸브시트 구조
JP7095334B2 (ja) * 2018-03-16 2022-07-05 トヨタ自動車株式会社 シリンダヘッド
JP7554464B2 (ja) 2020-10-27 2024-09-20 株式会社キンキ 切断刃
GB2620065A (en) * 2021-03-26 2023-12-27 Jaguar Land Rover Ltd A casting for internal combustion engine

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2003042508A1 (fr) 2003-05-22
EP1444421A1 (fr) 2004-08-11
ATE302333T1 (de) 2005-09-15
US20050034700A1 (en) 2005-02-17
KR20050037497A (ko) 2005-04-22
DE10156196C1 (de) 2003-01-02
DE50203987D1 (de) 2005-09-22
JP2005509522A (ja) 2005-04-14
JP3835694B2 (ja) 2006-10-18
US7013858B2 (en) 2006-03-21

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