EP1340955A1 - Dispositif à ressort pour arme à feu et arme à feu - Google Patents

Dispositif à ressort pour arme à feu et arme à feu Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1340955A1
EP1340955A1 EP03000854A EP03000854A EP1340955A1 EP 1340955 A1 EP1340955 A1 EP 1340955A1 EP 03000854 A EP03000854 A EP 03000854A EP 03000854 A EP03000854 A EP 03000854A EP 1340955 A1 EP1340955 A1 EP 1340955A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
piston rod
spring device
spring
piston
cylinder
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP03000854A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1340955B1 (fr
Inventor
Marcos Trigo
Michael Gerber
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Rheinmetall Air Defence AG
Original Assignee
Oerlikon Contraves AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Oerlikon Contraves AG filed Critical Oerlikon Contraves AG
Publication of EP1340955A1 publication Critical patent/EP1340955A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1340955B1 publication Critical patent/EP1340955B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A9/00—Feeding or loading of ammunition; Magazines; Guiding means for the extracting of cartridges
    • F41A9/49—Internally-powered drives, i.e. operated by propellant charge energy, e.g. couplings, clutches, energy accumulators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A25/00—Gun mountings permitting recoil or return to battery, e.g. gun cradles; Barrel buffers or brakes
    • F41A25/16—Hybrid systems
    • F41A25/20—Hydropneumatic systems

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a spring device for a firearm according to the preamble of claim 1 and a firearm with a spring device according to the preamble of claim 14 .
  • a first, mostly small weapon part the following is also referred to as a moving part and usually relative to a second one Larger weapon part from a first position or starting position to a second position was brought to its first position or starting position or to support this provision.
  • To reset the moving part serving spring device has at least one spring element. If the first weapon part or movement part is in its starting position, it is either relaxed or, usually by shortening the spring element, slightly biased. The first weapon part or moving part becomes an actuating force moved from its starting position to its end position; this force does not have to be mandatory work throughout the movement, that is, the first weapon part or moving part can also be caused by a brief impulse in motion be set. The first weapon part or movement part strives to be under the effect of the relaxing spring elements back to its starting position to move.
  • the moving part shifts, generally translationally or with a translational component, in the direction of the soul axis the weapon barrel of the firearm.
  • the first weapon part or movement part acts as a drive or control element; through a movement Coupling the first weapon part or moving part with the drum Drum set in rotation.
  • the first weapon part or movement part that at such an arrangement as a spool for controlling operations on the Weapon is trained and effective, moves here under an actuating force a first position or starting position in a second position or end position; this will the spring tensioned.
  • the first weapon part or moving part then moves by the spring force or supported by the spring force from its second position or end position back to its first position or start position; in this connection the spring relaxes.
  • the first weapon part or moving part in another Act as a control or drive element.
  • the movement of the first movement part takes place with high dynamics, because the Path of the moving part, which corresponds to the change in length of the spring elements, is relatively long and the cadence of powerful firearms, which determines the sequence of tension and relaxation of the spring elements, high.
  • the spring elements are formed by gas springs.
  • a restoring force which the movement of the first weapon part or movement part relative to the second weapon part from a second position or end position to the first Position or starting position is caused or supported instead of the force of a preloaded mechanical spring element the pressure of a compressed Gases used on a piston in a cylinder of a Koiben / cylinder arrangement.
  • the cylinder of the Koiben / cylinder arrangement limits, together with the sealingly guided piston of the piston / cylinder arrangement, one with a suitable gas-filled space, also known as a pressure chamber can.
  • the pressure chamber is completely closed; that is, it points no opening on or at least no opening that opened during operation becomes; if there is still gas from the pressure chamber during operation flows, these are only the smallest leakage quantities, but practically meaningless in relation to the amount of gas in the pressure chamber are.
  • the piston / cylinder arrangement can have a closable opening have only outside the company, i.e. during assembly or to Maintenance, is opened to supply or discharge gas.
  • the gas mass present in the pressure chamber is practically constant in each case, that is, the pressure chamber always contains the same amount of the same gas, and this gas is not exchanged during operation; the volume of Pressure chamber or the gas, and thus the gas pressure in the pressure chamber, are changeable depending on the position of the piston, but the Mass of the gas remains constant.
  • the new spring device can be designed so that the first weapon part or moving part in terms of movement either with the piston or is coupled to the cylinder. But since the moving masses as possible should be small, an arrangement is preferred in which the first weapon part is coupled to the piston via a piston rod.
  • the gas springs used are generally designed as compression springs; the gas in the cylinder is compressed, while that called the moving part Weapon part under an actuating force from its starting position to its end position moves, and then expands, causing the moving part in its Starting position is reset or the resetting of the moving part in its Starting position is supported.
  • the moving part moves along a path which the piston stroke corresponds to the Koiben / cylinder arrangement, and which essentially the minimum Length of piston rod determined; this path is relatively large.
  • the masses of those in motion should be sought to keep parts and thus the mass of the piston rod as low as possible, but with sufficient strength, in particular sufficient buckling stability and if necessary a high buckling stability must be guaranteed; this is done by choosing a suitable material and / or by using suitable ones Shaping the piston rod and / or by additional design measures when the piston rod is mounted.
  • Particularly suitable piston rods are those whose cross section is compared with the cross section of a full piston rod, a higher moment of inertia has, whereby the stiffness of the piston rod is improved.
  • Piston rods with cross sections, which have one or more recesses, are favorable have in the region of the longitudinal axis of the piston rod; as an an example be especially hollow piston rods with the shape of elongated hollow cylinders called, since such piston rods are relatively easy to manufacture and sealing problems, discussed below, with piston rods are easier to control with a cylindrical outer surface.
  • Piston rods with high buckling stiffness which are particularly suitable in the present case are also obtained if a suitable material for this, in particular a material with a high modulus of elasticity is used.
  • Bimetallic piston rods with a core are also particularly advantageous made of a specifically light material and a jacket made of one material with a high modulus of elasticity, the jacket should be made of one material with a high specific weight, preferably as low as possible Should have wall thickness. Suitable combinations are, for example Aluminum for the core and steel for the jacket.
  • Piston rods can also be made from other suitable materials be, for example made of carbon, aramid or other, optionally fiber-reinforced, Materials.
  • the piston rods can also be rigid with one another in the longitudinal direction connected parts.
  • the risk of buckling and possibly buckling, which the piston rods are subject to, can also be reduced in that the piston rod on her Circumference at least in some areas, inside and / or outside the cylinder, is guided or supported.
  • the leadership can be done through leadership elements on the Piston rod or can be realized on the cylinder, for example.
  • the piston rod must pass through at least one end of the cylinder Front wall of the cylinder to be guided. Measures must therefore be taken in order to seal the cylinder at the passage point of the piston rod.
  • Suitable sealing and guide arrangements are provided for this, which is the relatively rapid relative movement between cylinders and piston rod, and which are also suitable for are suitable for a relatively wide temperature range.
  • Suitable sealing elements can either on the piston or on the piston rod or on the cylinder side be arranged; here the seal can be mounted in the cylinder or between the cylinder and a cylinder head part screwed into the cylinder be arranged or clamped. It has proven to be cheaper that Install sealing elements on the cylinder side.
  • the surface that bears on the sealing elements and a sealing surface forms, and relative to the tensioning and relaxation of the spring device the sealing elements moved, must be precisely machined and high Surface quality, among other things, have a low surface roughness.
  • the sealing surface an outer surface, namely the outer surface of the piston rod, and the precise Machining an outer surface is known to be far less complex than the precise machining of an inner surface.
  • the volume of the cylinder limited pressure chamber by introducing a solid, for example a sleeve, or another, poorly compressible material such as Oil changed. It is important to ensure that the movements of the piston rod not be disturbed.
  • the gas pressure in the cylinder depends, among other things, on the respective temperature.
  • the temperature range in which the gas spring works can be as already mentioned several times, be considerable. It is therefore advantageous in certain cases to provide compensation. With permanently high or permanent Low temperatures can reduce or increase the amount of gas in the cylinder become.
  • the nozzle mentioned above can also be used for this. at strongly fluctuating temperatures, it is advantageous to use a pressure control device to be provided, which regulates the amount of gas as a function of temperature so that the pressure in the cylinder does not exceed or fall below certain limit values.
  • the new Spring devices can be designed with the gas springs so that they attach themselves In place of the previous spring devices, which are generally in Housings are arranged.
  • guide rods are the piston / cylinder arrangements in the housing built-in. There are no or only insignificant adjustments to the Firearm is required, in particular it is not necessary to completely disassemble it.
  • a cannon has a weapon barrel 12 with a core axis B , which is intended to fire projectiles which are fed to it from a drum 14 , which forms a type of intermediate storage for the projectiles.
  • the barrel 14 is surrounded on the firearm 10 by a housing 17 and is therefore not visible in FIG. 1A .
  • Fig. 1B shows the drum 14, which is arranged so that its axis of rotation T runs parallel to the core axis B of the weapon barrel 12 ; however, such an arrangement is not mandatory.
  • the drum 14 contains a certain number n of channels, so-called cartridge bearings, in the present case five cartridge bearings 14.1 to 14.5, which are directed coaxially to the axis of rotation T and to the axis B of the soul and are intended to receive one projectile in general.
  • the number of cartridges does not have to be five; Three to six cartridges are common, but other numbers of cartridges are also possible.
  • the drum 14 is rotated clockwise around its axis of rotation T during firing, in such a way that it rotates by 360 ° / n after each shot, that is to say by 72 ° in the case of five cartridge chambers.
  • a first weapon part or movement part 16 which is movable relative to it and which can be coupled in terms of movement to the drum 14 ; with each rotation of the drum 14 , the moving part 16 carries out a translational movement in the direction of the axis of rotation T , and with every translational movement of the moving part 16 , the drum 14 carries out a rotation.
  • the first weapon part or moving part 16 moves translationally relative to a second weapon part 11, which is only indicated schematically in FIG. 1B ; the second weapon part 11 should generally be understood to mean a component of the weapon 10 .
  • the spring device according to the invention can also be used when during of the movement cycle no implementation of a continuous rotary movement is carried out in a translatory movement, but when to Example the moving part with a back and forth rotary or weapon part which is also moved in a translatory manner can be coupled.
  • Two piston rods 18 of piston / cylinder arrangements 19 or gas springs 19 are connected to the moving part 16 , one of which is shown in FIG. 2 .
  • the number of gas springs does not have to be two, arrangements with only one or with more than two gas springs are also possible.
  • the piston rod 18 protrudes into a cylinder 20 of the piston / cylinder arrangements 19.
  • the central longitudinal axis of the piston / cylinder arrangement 19 is designated by L.
  • Each of the cylinders 20 contains a pressure chamber 20.1 which is sealed off by means of a sealing and guide arrangement 22 and which is filled with a gas.
  • the walls of the cylinder 20 comprise a tube 20.2 , a front end wall 20.3 and a rear wall 20.4 .
  • the front end wall 20.3 contains an insert 20.5 arranged in the tube 20.2 . Designs are also possible in which the functions of the tube 20.2 and the insert 20.5 are performed together.
  • the insert 20.5 has an opening for the piston rod 18 and a plurality of sealing elements of a sealing arrangement 22 .
  • the rear wall 20.4 is sealed but removable in the pipe 20.2 .
  • the rear wall 20.4 has an opening with an openable connector 20.6 , through which the gas can be introduced into or removed from the pressure chamber 20.1 during assembly or for maintenance purposes.
  • the outside diameter of the piston rod 18 and thus the opening in the insert 20.5 have significantly smaller transverse dimensions than the inside diameter of the tube 20.2 , therefore the piston rod 18 is secured against sliding out of the cylinder 20 by a nose 18.0 arranged at its rear end.
  • the piston / cylinder arrangement 19 forms a gas spring of a spring arrangement, wherein the entire spring arrangement can have one or more gas springs, which are generally connected in parallel.
  • the mode of operation of the piston / cylinder arrangement 19 or the gas spring is described below: While the rotary part 16 performs its translational movement when the drum 14 rotates through 360 ° / n and is thereby moved from a starting position into an end position, it shifts the piston rod 18 of the piston / cylinder arrangement 19 coupled to the movement part 16 in terms of movement into the cylinder 20, which has the consequence that the volume of the pressure chamber 20.1 decreases and the gas pressure prevailing in the pressure chamber 20.1 increases.
  • the compressed gas in the pressure chamber 20.1 exerts a force on the piston rod 18 , which enables or supports its return from the end position to the starting position.
  • a movement cycle is ended and the sequence of processes just described begins again until the shooting is interrupted.
  • the piston rod 18 like all the parts of the weapon that are moved in cycles during firing, has the lowest possible mass. In order to achieve this, the cross-sectional areas of the piston rod and the density of the materials used must be as small as possible for a given piston stroke or a given length of the piston rod 18 . Nevertheless, the piston rod 18 must be designed in terms of its dimensions and the materials used so that it has sufficient strength and in particular a sufficient buckling and possibly.
  • FIGS. 3A to 3F Has buckling stability. Suitable cross sections of piston rods 18 are shown in FIGS. 3A to 3F .
  • FIG. 3A shows on the left a piston rod 18 with a circular cross section, which is made from a single material.
  • a piston rod could have a jacket 18.1 , preferably made of a material of high strength and rigidity, and a core 18.2, here of small diameter, made of a material of lower strength and density, the connection of the materials and the shaping of the piston rod 18 by pressing, sintering or spraying another suitable manufacturing process is accomplished, which guarantees a sufficiently firm connection between the different materials.
  • FIG. 3B shows on the left a piston rod 18 with a relatively thin-walled jacket 18.3 and a longitudinal cavity 18.4; Such a cross-section has a larger moment of inertia than a full cross-section with the same cross-sectional area and is therefore more resistant to bending and kinking.
  • a piston rod 18 with the jacket or the jacket layer 18.3 with an annular cross section and a relatively large diameter core 18.4 which preferably has a lower density than the jacket 18.3 .
  • 3C shows a further piston rod 18 which has a jacket 18.5 , a core 18.6 and webs 18.7 which connect the jacket and the core.
  • the spaces 18.8 between the jacket 18.5 , the core 18.6 and the webs 18.7 can, as shown in the left part of the figure, form three longitudinal cavities; they can also, as shown in the right part of the figure, be filled with three longitudinal cores made of a material which preferably has a lower density than the material of the jacket 18.5 , core 18.6 and webs 18.7 .
  • FIG. 3D shows a further piston rod 18 with an at least approximately oval cross section, which can also have flat cross-sectional areas 18.9 .
  • Such a piston rod 18 can be guided from the outside along these flat cross-sectional areas 18.9 .
  • FIG. 3E shows a piston rod 18 which is hollow and the cross section of which is essentially rectilinear.
  • 3F shows a piston rod 18 with a cross section in the manner of a Maltese cross, which has a relatively high area moment of inertia and flat surfaces 18.10 , along which the piston rod 18 can be guided.
  • FIG. 4A shows a piston rod 18 in a section containing the longitudinal axis L.
  • This piston rod 18 is prismatic; if the cross-sectional area has a circular border, such a piston rod 18 is cylindrical on the outside.
  • FIG. 4B shows a further piston rod 18 in a section containing the longitudinal axis L , but which is not prismatic, but has areas 18.11 with larger and areas 18.12 with smaller cross-sections depending on the respective load.
  • the individual areas can be prismatic or tapered.
  • FIG. 5 shows a piston rod 18 , which has an approximately oval cross section. Also shown is a guide device 24 which is used to guide the piston rod 18 on all sides.
  • the sealing arrangement 22 is designed, as described above and shown again schematically in FIG. 6A , in such a way that the sealing elements 22.1 are fastened in the cylinder 20 .
  • FIG. 6B it is also possible, as shown in FIG. 6B , to arrange the sealing elements 22.1 on the inner end region of the piston rod 18, which forms an actual piston 18.11 .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fluid-Damping Devices (AREA)
  • Details Of Aerials (AREA)
  • Orthopedics, Nursing, And Contraception (AREA)
  • Mechanical Pencils And Projecting And Retracting Systems Therefor, And Multi-System Writing Instruments (AREA)
EP03000854A 2002-03-01 2003-01-15 Dispositif à ressort pour arme à feu et arme à feu Expired - Lifetime EP1340955B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH3572002 2002-03-01
CH3572002 2002-03-01

Publications (2)

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EP1340955A1 true EP1340955A1 (fr) 2003-09-03
EP1340955B1 EP1340955B1 (fr) 2005-04-06

Family

ID=27672007

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EP03000854A Expired - Lifetime EP1340955B1 (fr) 2002-03-01 2003-01-15 Dispositif à ressort pour arme à feu et arme à feu

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US (1) US20030172800A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1340955B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP4666886B2 (fr)
AT (1) ATE292780T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE50300417D1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102006003510A1 (de) 2006-01-24 2007-07-26 Oerlikon Contraves Ag Gasfeder für eine Revolver- oder Verschlusskanone

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4785922A (en) * 1987-10-02 1988-11-22 Kiehart Lawrence R Gun recoil mechanism
FR2638828A1 (fr) * 1988-11-04 1990-05-11 Cybernetix Dispositif amortisseur anti-recul escamotable
US5370036A (en) * 1990-10-11 1994-12-06 Ares, Inc. Telescoped ammunition revolver gun

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US2889749A (en) * 1956-07-02 1959-06-09 Olin Mathieson Sprocket type feeding for a gas piston gun
US3041939A (en) * 1959-10-06 1962-07-03 Dardick Corp Multi-barrel gun with a plurality of firing stations and an ammunition drum
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US5115716A (en) * 1990-01-29 1992-05-26 Fmc Corporation Automatic percussion primer feed mechanism
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4785922A (en) * 1987-10-02 1988-11-22 Kiehart Lawrence R Gun recoil mechanism
FR2638828A1 (fr) * 1988-11-04 1990-05-11 Cybernetix Dispositif amortisseur anti-recul escamotable
US5370036A (en) * 1990-10-11 1994-12-06 Ares, Inc. Telescoped ammunition revolver gun

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE292780T1 (de) 2005-04-15
EP1340955B1 (fr) 2005-04-06
JP4666886B2 (ja) 2011-04-06
US20030172800A1 (en) 2003-09-18
DE50300417D1 (de) 2005-05-12
JP2003254694A (ja) 2003-09-10

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