EP1340955B1 - Dispositif à ressort pour arme à feu et arme à feu - Google Patents

Dispositif à ressort pour arme à feu et arme à feu Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1340955B1
EP1340955B1 EP03000854A EP03000854A EP1340955B1 EP 1340955 B1 EP1340955 B1 EP 1340955B1 EP 03000854 A EP03000854 A EP 03000854A EP 03000854 A EP03000854 A EP 03000854A EP 1340955 B1 EP1340955 B1 EP 1340955B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
spring device
piston
piston rod
spring
cylinder
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP03000854A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1340955A1 (fr
Inventor
Marcos Trigo
Michael Gerber
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Rheinmetall Air Defence AG
Original Assignee
Oerlikon Contraves AG
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Filing date
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Application filed by Oerlikon Contraves AG filed Critical Oerlikon Contraves AG
Publication of EP1340955A1 publication Critical patent/EP1340955A1/fr
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Publication of EP1340955B1 publication Critical patent/EP1340955B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A9/00—Feeding or loading of ammunition; Magazines; Guiding means for the extracting of cartridges
    • F41A9/49—Internally-powered drives, i.e. operated by propellant charge energy, e.g. couplings, clutches, energy accumulators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A25/00—Gun mountings permitting recoil or return to battery, e.g. gun cradles; Barrel buffers or brakes
    • F41A25/16—Hybrid systems
    • F41A25/20—Hydropneumatic systems

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a spring device for a revolver gun according to the preamble of claim 1 and a revolver gun with a spring device according to the preamble of claim 14 .
  • a first, usually small weapon part for example a Control slide, which also referred to as a moving part
  • the relative to another, usually larger weapon part from a first position or starting position was brought into a second position or end position, in its first position or Reset the starting position or support this provision.
  • the to the provision the spring device serving the moving part has at least one Spring element on.
  • a force is the first weapon part or movement part moved from its starting position to its final position; this force does not necessarily have during the whole movement, that is, the first part of the weapon or Movement part can also by a momentary impulse action in motion be set.
  • the first weapon part or moving part strives to under the effect of relaxing spring elements back to its starting position to move.
  • the force by which the first weapon part or moving part of his Starting position is moved to its final position for example, acts when loading the Firearm or if a part of the energy when firing a projectile becomes usable, for the propulsion of weapon parts for different weapons functions used, for example, for a drive with recoil or with propellant gases
  • the moving part shifts, generally translationally or with a translational component, in the direction of the axis of the soul the weapon barrel of the firearm.
  • the projectiles are fed through a drum,
  • a translational movement of the first weapon part takes place or moving part clocked and gradually according to the cadence of the revolver weapon.
  • the first weapon part or moving part acts as a drive or Control or control slide; by a moving coupling of the first weapon part or moving part with the drum becomes the drum set in rotation.
  • the first weapon part or moving part in such a Arrangement as a control slide for controlling operations on the weapon is formed and effective, this moves under a force from a first position or starting position in a second position or end position;
  • the Spring cocked is the Spring cocked.
  • the spool moves by the spring force or supported by the spring force from its second position or end position in his the first position or starting position back; this relaxes the spring.
  • the first weapon part or moving part can be used in a different way than or drive element act.
  • the movement of the spool takes place with high dynamics, because the way of the Spool, which corresponds to the change in length of the spring elements is comparatively long and the cadence of powerful firearms, which the Sequence of tension and relaxation of the spring elements determined, high.
  • the one Ammunition drum and a movement coupled with the ammunition drum Has spool and a spring device.
  • the spring device serves to move the spool from a second position to a first position after recovering, under tensioning a spring element relative to a another weapon part brought from a first position in this second layer has been.
  • the spring device has as a spring element, a gas spring with a Piston / cylinder arrangement on.
  • the gas chamber communicates with the interior of the gun barrel of the revolver cannon and is in the course of the charging and shooting cycle with propellant from the Gun barrel acted upon. It is very questionable whether a required spring characteristic the spring device can be maintained.
  • the basic idea of the invention is thus to replace conventional ones Spring devices with mechanical spring elements new spring devices to use, whose spring elements are formed by gas springs.
  • restoring force which the movement of the first weapon part or movement part or Spool relative to the other weapon part from a second layer or End position in the first position or start position caused or supported, is instead the force of a prestressed mechanical spring element of the pressure of a compressed gas on a piston in a cylinder of a piston / cylinder arrangement used.
  • the cylinder of the piston / cylinder arrangement is limited, together with the sealing in her guided piston of the piston / cylinder arrangement, one with a suitable gas-filled space, which is also referred to as a pressure chamber can.
  • the pressure chamber is completely closed; that is, she points no opening on or at least no opening that opens during operation becomes; if still during operation gas from the pressure chamber flows, so this is only about the smallest leakage quantities, but in relation to the amount of gas in the pressure chamber practically meaningless are.
  • the piston / cylinder arrangement can be a closable opening have, which only outside of the operation, that is, during assembly or to Maintenance, is opened to supply or remove gas.
  • the new spring device can be designed so that the first weapon part or moving part or the spool movement is coupled to either the piston or the cylinder. But because the moving Masses should be as low as possible, an arrangement is preferred in which the spool is coupled via a piston rod to the piston is.
  • the gas springs used are generally designed as compression springs; the gas in the cylinder is compressed, while that as a moving part or Spool called weapon part under a force from its starting position moved into its final position, and then expanded, reducing the spool is reset to its starting position or the provision of the spool is supported in his starting position.
  • the spool shifts along a path which the piston stroke corresponds to the piston / cylinder arrangement, and essentially the minimum Length of the piston rod determined; this way is relatively large.
  • Functionally as already mentioned, to strive for the masses of moving Parts and thus to keep the mass of the piston rod as low as possible, but with sufficient strength, in particular sufficient kink stability and, where appropriate, a high buckling stability, must be ensured; This is done by choosing a suitable material and / or by suitable Shaping the piston rod and / or additional structural measures reached at the assembled piston rod.
  • Particularly suitable piston rods are those whose cross-section compared with the cross section of a full piston rod, a higher moment of inertia has, whereby the buckling stiffness of the piston rod is improved.
  • piston rods with cross sections which one or more recesses have in the region of the longitudinal axis of the piston rod; as an an example are in particular hollow piston rods in the form of elongated hollow cylinders called, since such piston rods are relatively easy to produce and sealing problems, which will be discussed below, in piston rods With cylindrical outer surface are easier to control.
  • Piston rods with high buckling resistance which are particularly suitable in the present case are, you get, if for a suitable material, in particular a material with a high modulus of elasticity is used.
  • bimetallic piston rods with a core made of a specific light material and a jacket made of a material with a high modulus of elasticity, being the mantle, it should be made of a material consist of high specific gravity, preferably as small as possible Wall thickness should have.
  • Suitable combinations are, for example Aluminum for the core and steel for the jacket.
  • Piston rods can also be made from other suitable materials be, for example, carbon, aramid or other, optionally fiber-reinforced, Materials.
  • the piston rods can also be longitudinally made of several rigid with each other be made connected parts.
  • the buckling and possibly the danger of buckling, which are subject to the piston rods, can also be reduced by the fact that the piston rod at her Scope at least regionally, inside and / or outside the cylinder, is guided or supported.
  • the guide can be guided by guide elements on the Piston rod or for example on the cylinder can be realized.
  • the piston rod must be at least at one end of the cylinder through the Be guided front wall of the cylinder. Therefore, measures must be taken be used to seal the cylinder at the implementation point of the piston rod.
  • suitable sealing and guiding arrangements are provided, which of the relatively rapid relative movement between cylinders and piston rod, and which possibly also for a relatively wide temperature range are suitable.
  • Suitable sealing elements can either on the piston or on the piston rod or on the cylinder side be arranged; In this case, the seal can be mounted in the cylinder or between the cylinder and a cylinder head screwed in the cylinder be arranged or clamped. It has proved more favorable, the To install sealing elements on the cylinder side.
  • the surface which bears against the sealing elements and a sealing surface forms, and when tightening and relaxing the spring device relative to moves the sealing elements must be machined precisely and a high Surface quality, among others, have a low surface roughness.
  • this sealing surface an outer surface, namely the outer surface of the piston rod, and the precise Processing an outer surface is known to be much less expensive than the precise machining of an inner surface.
  • piston rods both in terms of their general shape as well as their Surface quality should be precisely manufactured, so that the desired sealing effect can be realized.
  • the gas pressure in the cylinder depends among other things on the respective temperature.
  • the temperature range in which the gas spring works can, as already mentioned several times, be considerable. It is therefore advantageous in certain cases to provide a compensation.
  • the amount of gas in the cylinder can be reduced or increased become.
  • the above-mentioned nozzle can be used.
  • a pressure regulator to provide, which regulates the amount of gas in function of the temperature so that the pressure in the cylinder does not exceed or fall below certain limits.
  • the firearm shown in Fig. 1A is a turret gun 10 and has a barrel 12 with a bore axis B designed to shoot projectiles supplied to it from a drum 14 which forms a sort of intermediate storage for the projectiles.
  • the drum 14 is surrounded on the revolver gun 10 by a housing 17 and therefore not visible in Fig. 1A .
  • Fig. 1B shows the drum 14 arranged with its axis of rotation T parallel to the axis B of the barrel 12 ; Such an arrangement is not mandatory.
  • the drum 14 contains a certain number n of channels, so-called cartridge bearings, in the present case five cartridge bearings 14.1 to 14.5, which are directed coaxially to the axis of rotation T and the axis of the soul B and intended for receiving generally one projectile.
  • the number of cartridges does not have to be five; There are usually three to six cartridges, but there are also other numbers of cartridges available.
  • the drum 14 is cyclically rotated about its axis of rotation T during the shooting, such that it rotates by 360 ° / n after each shot, ie by 72 ° in the case of five cartridge bearings.
  • On the drum 14 is a relatively movable to her first weapon part or moving part, which acts as a control slide 16 , is arranged, which is coupled in terms of movement with the drum 14 ; with each rotation of the drum 14 , the spool 16 performs a translatory movement in the direction of the axis of rotation T , and with each translational movement of the spool 16 , the drum 14 performs a rotation.
  • the spool valve 16 moves translationally relative to another weapon part 11, which is indicated only schematically in Fig. 1B ; Under the other weapon part 11 should generally be understood a component of the revolver gun 10 .
  • the spring device according to the invention can also be used when during the movement cycle 'no implementation of a continuous rotary movement is performed in a translational movement, but when to Example of the spool or the moving part with a reciprocating rotatable or also translatorisch moving weapon part can be coupled.
  • each of the cylinders 20 includes a pressure chamber 20.1 sealed by a sealing and guiding arrangement 22 , which is filled with a gas.
  • the walls of the cylinder 20 include a tube 20.2 , a front end wall 20.3 and a rear wall 20.4 .
  • the front-side end wall 20.3 contains an insert 20.5 arranged in the tube 20.2 . Embodiments are also possible in which the functions of the tube 20.2 and the insert 20.5 are perceived together.
  • the insert 20.5 has an opening for the piston rod 18 and a plurality of sealing elements of a sealing arrangement 22 .
  • the rear wall 20.4 is sealingly but removably mounted in the tube 20.2 .
  • the rear wall 20.4 has an opening with an openable nozzle 20.6 , through which the gas can be introduced during assembly or for maintenance purposes in the pressure chamber 20.1 or removed from it.
  • the outer diameter of the piston rod 18 and thus the breakthrough in use 20.5 have significantly smaller transverse dimensions than the inner diameter of the tube 20.2 , therefore, the piston rod 18 is secured by a arranged at its rear end nose 18.0 against sliding out of the cylinder 20 .
  • the piston / cylinder arrangement 19 forms, as already mentioned, a gas spring of a spring arrangement, wherein the entire spring arrangement can have one or more, generally parallel, gas springs.
  • the mode of action of the piston / cylinder arrangement 19 or of the gas spring is described below: While during a rotation of the drum 14 by 360 ° / n the moving member 16 performs its translational movement and is moved from a starting position to an end position, shifts the piston rod 18 of the piston / cylinder arrangement 19 , which is coupled in terms of movement with the movement part 16, into the cylinder 20, with the result that the volume of the pressure chamber 20.1 decreases and the gas pressure prevailing in the pressure chamber 20.1 increases.
  • the compressed gas in the pressure chamber 20.1 exerts a force on the piston rod 18 , which allows or supports their provision from the end position to the starting position. If the piston rod 18 has reached its starting position again, then a cycle of movement has ended and the course of events just described begins again until the shooting is interrupted.
  • the piston rod 18 has, as all armed during firing tactile parts, the lowest possible mass. To achieve this, for a given piston stroke or a given length of the piston rod 18, the cross-sectional areas of the piston rod and the density of the materials used must be as low as possible. Nevertheless, the piston rod 18 must be designed with respect to their dimensions and the materials used so that they have sufficient strength and in particular a sufficient kink and possibly.
  • FIGS. 3A to 3F Suitable cross sections of piston rods 18 are shown in FIGS. 3A to 3F .
  • Fig. 3A shows on the left a piston rod 18 with a circular cross section, which is made of a single material.
  • a piston rod could have a jacket 18.1 , preferably made of a material of high strength and stiffness, and a hereándiameter core 18.2 made of a material of lower strength and density, the compound of the materials and the shape of the piston rod 18 by pressing, sintering or Another suitable manufacturing process is accomplished, which guarantees a sufficiently firm connection between the different materials.
  • FIG. 3B shows on the left a piston rod 18 with a relatively thin-walled jacket 18.3 and a longitudinal cavity 18.4 ; such a cross-section has a larger area moment of inertia for the same cross-sectional area than a full cross-section and is therefore more resistant to bending and buckling.
  • a piston rod 18 with the jacket or the jacket layer 18.3 with an annular cross-section and a relatively large-diameter core 18.4 which preferably has a lower density than the jacket 18.3 shown.
  • a further piston rod 18 which has a jacket 18.5 , a core 18.6 and webs 18.7 , which connect the shell and the core.
  • the spaces 18.8 between the shell 18.5 , the core 18.6 and the webs 18.7 can, as shown in the left part of the figure, form three longitudinal cavities; they can also, as shown in the right part of the figure, be filled with three longitudinal cores of a material, which preferably has a lower density than the material of sheath 18.5 , core 18.6 and webs 18.7 .
  • FIG. 3D shows a further piston rod 18 with an at least approximately oval cross-section, which may also have flat cross-sectional parts 18.9 .
  • such a piston rod 18 may be guided from the outside.
  • a piston rod 18 is shown, which is hollow and whose cross-section is substantially rectilinearly limited.
  • Fig. 3F shows a piston rod 18 with a cross section in the manner of a Maltese cross, which has a relatively high area moment of inertia and flat surfaces 18.10 , along which the piston rod 18 can be guided.
  • FIG. 4A shows a piston rod 18 in a section containing the longitudinal axis L.
  • This piston rod 18 is prismatic; If the cross-sectional area has a circular boundary, such a piston rod 18 is cylindrical on the outside.
  • a further piston rod 18 is shown in a section containing the longitudinal axis L , but which is not formed prismatic but, in accordance with the particular stress, areas 18.11 with larger and areas 18.12 having smaller cross-sections.
  • the individual areas may be formed prismatic or tapered.
  • a piston rod 18 is shown, which has an approximately oval cross-section. Also shown is a guide device 24 , which serves for the all-round guidance of the piston rod 18 .
  • the sealing arrangement 22 is formed such that the sealing elements 22.1 are fastened in the cylinder 20 .
  • FIG. 6B it is also possible, as shown in FIG. 6B , to arrange the sealing elements 22.1 at the inner end region of the piston rod 18, which forms an actual piston 18.11 .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fluid-Damping Devices (AREA)
  • Details Of Aerials (AREA)
  • Orthopedics, Nursing, And Contraception (AREA)
  • Mechanical Pencils And Projecting And Retracting Systems Therefor, And Multi-System Writing Instruments (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Dispositif à ressort pour canon de révolver (10) comportant un barillet (14) et un coulisseau de commande (16) couplé au barillet (14) pour ce qui est du déplacement, le dispositif à ressort étant conçu de façon à ramener le coulisseau de commande (16) depuis une seconde position dans une première position depuis laquelle il a été amené dans la seconde position selon une force de commande par rapport à une autre partie d'arme (11) du canon de révolver (10) en contraignant le dispositif à ressort,
    dans lequel le dispositif à ressort comporte au moins un ressort à gaz ayant une structure piston - cylindre (19), caractérisé en ce qu'un cylindre (20) de la structure piston - cylindre (19) peut être fixé au niveau du coulisseau de commande (16) ou au niveau de l'autre partie d'arme (11) et une tige de piston (18) de la structure piston - cylindre (19) peut être fixée au niveau de l'autre partie d'arme (11) ou au niveau du coulisseau de commande (16).
  2. Dispositif à ressort selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la tige de piston (18) peut être fixée au niveau du coulisseau de commande (16).
  3. Dispositif à ressort selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le ressort à gaz est un ressort de pression.
  4. Dispositif à ressort selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que la tige de piston (18) présente une stabilité élevée au flambage et éventuellement au voilement.
  5. Dispositif à ressort selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que la section transversale de la tige de piston (18) possède, pour une surface de section donnée, un moment d'inertie géométrique élevé.
  6. Dispositif à ressort selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins une couche d'enveloppe (18.1, 18.3, 18.5) de la tige de piston (18) est fabriquée à partir d'un matériau présentant un module d'élasticité élevé.
  7. Dispositif à ressort selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que la tige de piston (18) est fabriquée à partir d'une combinaison de matériaux, par exemple bimétallique, dans laquelle une âme (18.4) se compose d'un matériau léger, par exemple de l'aluminium, et une enveloppe (18.3) est fabriquée à partir d'un matériau présentant un module d'élasticité élevé.
  8. Dispositif à ressort selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que la surface externe de la tige de piston (18) présente une faible rugosité de surface et/ou une bonne résistance à la corrosion.
  9. Dispositif à ressort selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce que la section transversale de la tige de piston (18) est variable sur sa longueur, en fonction de la contrainte de section respective, des transitions entre les différentes sections étant de préférence formées sans effet d'entaille.
  10. Dispositif à ressort selon l'une des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé en ce que la tige de piston (18) est guidée ou supportée au moins par zones transversalement à son axe longitudinal par des corps de guidage (18.0 ; 24), afin d'éviter un flambage de la tige de piston (18).
  11. Dispositif à ressort selon l'une des revendications 1 à 10, caractérisé en ce que la structure piston - cylindre (19) possède une structure de garniture et éventuellement de guidage (22), comportant au moins un élément de garniture (22.1) qui est disposé au niveau d'un piston (18.11) de la tige de piston (18) ou au niveau d'une face (20.3) du cylindre (20) par lequel la tige de piston (18) est guidée.
  12. Dispositif à ressort selon l'une des revendications 1 à 11, caractérisé en ce que le cylindre (20) présente un raccord (20.5) disposé de préférence dans sa surface d'extrémité (20.4) et qui permet l'apport ou le retrait du gaz vers ou depuis la chambre de compression (20.1).
  13. Dispositif à ressort selon l'une des revendications 1 à 12, caractérisé en ce qu'est prévu un dispositif de régulation par lequel on peut maintenir la pression dans la chambre de compression (20.1) au sein de valeurs limite prédéfinies, afin de remplacer le gaz échappé et/ou d'obtenir une compensation en température.
  14. Canon de révolver (10) comportant
    un barillet de munition (14) et
    un coulisseau de commande (16) couplé au barillet de munition (14) pour ce qui est du déplacement, et comportant
    un dispositif à ressort, lequel dispositif à ressort est conçu de façon à ramener le coulisseau de commande (16) depuis une seconde position dans une première position depuis laquelle il a été amené dans la seconde position selon une force de commande par rapport à une autre partie d'arme (11) du canon de révolver (10) en contraignant le dispositif à ressort, où
    le dispositif à ressort présente au moins un ressort à gaz ayant une structure piston - cylindre (19),
    caractérisé en ce qu'un cylindre (20) de la structure piston - cylindre (19) est fixé au niveau du coulisseau de commande (16) ou au niveau d'une autre partie d'arme (11) et une tige de piston (18) de la structure piston - cylindre (19) est fixée au niveau de l'autre partie d'arme (11) ou au niveau du coulisseau de commande (16).
  15. Canon de revolver (10) selon la revendication 14, caractérisé en ce qu'il présente, pour rappeler le coulisseau de commande (16), un autre dispositif collaborant avec le dispositif à ressort.
EP03000854A 2002-03-01 2003-01-15 Dispositif à ressort pour arme à feu et arme à feu Expired - Lifetime EP1340955B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH3572002 2002-03-01
CH3572002 2002-03-01

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EP1340955A1 EP1340955A1 (fr) 2003-09-03
EP1340955B1 true EP1340955B1 (fr) 2005-04-06

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US (1) US20030172800A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1340955B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP4666886B2 (fr)
AT (1) ATE292780T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE50300417D1 (fr)

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EP1811261A1 (fr) 2006-01-24 2007-07-25 Oerlikon Contraves Ag Ressort à gaz pour revolver ou canon à déclic
DE102023121359B3 (de) 2023-08-10 2024-06-27 Rheinmetall Air Defence Ag Revolverkanone

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1811261A1 (fr) 2006-01-24 2007-07-25 Oerlikon Contraves Ag Ressort à gaz pour revolver ou canon à déclic
DE102023121359B3 (de) 2023-08-10 2024-06-27 Rheinmetall Air Defence Ag Revolverkanone

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JP2003254694A (ja) 2003-09-10
EP1340955A1 (fr) 2003-09-03
DE50300417D1 (de) 2005-05-12
JP4666886B2 (ja) 2011-04-06
ATE292780T1 (de) 2005-04-15
US20030172800A1 (en) 2003-09-18

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