Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
  • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
  • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
  • H01M8/04537—Electric variables
  • H01M8/04544—Voltage
  • H01M8/04552—Voltage of the individual fuel cell
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
  • H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
  • H01M8/04225—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells during start-up
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
  • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
  • H01M8/043—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods
  • H01M8/04302—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods applied during start-up
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
  • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
  • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
  • H01M8/04537—Electric variables
  • H01M8/04544—Voltage
  • H01M8/04559—Voltage of fuel cell stacks
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
  • H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
  • H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
  • H01M8/04664—Failure or abnormal function
  • H01M8/04671—Failure or abnormal function of the individual fuel cell
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
  • H01M8/241—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with solid or matrix-supported electrolytes
  • H01M8/2425—High-temperature cells with solid electrolytes
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
  • H01M8/2457—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with both reactants being gaseous or vaporised
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
  • H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
  • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
  • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

• CD ⁇ -3 CD o 3 ⁇ P ⁇ -i c H- o tr P o ⁇ 3 ⁇ Cfl tr P ⁇ SD ⁇ - SD H
• the object of the invention is therefore to propose a method specifically for the HT-PEM fuel cell, with which possible CO deposits on the electrodes are prevented, and to create an associated fuel cell system.
• the HT-PEM fuel cell is pulsed for a predetermined period during the heating from the cold to the operationally warm state.
• the pulse operation achieves with sufficient certainty a regeneration of any CO-coated electrodes of the HT-PEM fuel cells.
• the measure according to the invention can advantageously take place as a function of the poisoning state, provided that a suitable sensor for detecting the poisoning state is present.
• the cell voltage generated by the fuel cell or its change is appropriate here.
• the measures according to the invention can also be carried out as a precaution after each cold start, so that the formation of CO deposits on electrodes is prevented and thus possible poisoning of the membrane electrode units (MEAs) is excluded.
• the Regenerati ⁇ on he d C O-poisoning is performed once per operating cycle of HT-PEM fuel cell.
• the Regene ⁇ takes place ration by pulse operation at temperatures between 60 ° C and 300 ° C, preferably between 120 and 200 ° C.
• FIG. 1 the co-dependence is operated at a voltage of the PEM fuel cell stack ⁇ at low temperatures
• Figure 2 is a corresponding illustration for a HT-PEM fuel cell stack
• Figure 3 and Figure 4 shows the influence of pulsing on the operation of a HT-PEM fuel cell stack
• FIG. 5 shows a fuel cell system with an HT-PEM fuel cell stack and an associated control or. Control device.
• PEM fuel cells are sufficiently known from the prior art, so that their structure is no longer described in detail in the present context. Such PEM fuel cells are based essentially on proton exchange in a solid electrolyte (proton exchange membrane), the term “PEM * also being derived from the structure of the fuel cell with a polymer electrolyte membrane.
• the heart of such PEM fuel cells is the so-called MEA or membrane electrode assembly (membrane electrode assembly), in which a suitable membrane made of organic material as the electrolyte or its carrier electrodes are applied as the cathode and anode of the fuel cell on both sides.
• FIG. 2 shows two characteristic curves 21 and 22 with 0 ppm CO and 1000 ppm CO, especially for the high-temperature PEM fuel cell, that their voltage-current density dependencies are practically identical. This corresponds to the well-known fact that the HT-PEM is largely insensitive to contamination with CO.
• the HT-PEM fuel cell When the HT-PEM fuel cell is in operation, potential poisoning of the electrodes can now be excluded by starting the fuel cell from the cold stand during the heating of the fuel cell or after reaching the operating temperature condition of Brennstoffzel ⁇ le for a predetermined period, the HT-PEM fuel cell is operated in pulse mode. This can on the one hand gene by temporary short-circuiting or reversing the polarity and secondly by switching off the hydrogen supply at load operation SUC ⁇ .
• the pulsed operation regenerates the electrodes covered with CO and thus puts the HT-PEM fuel cell in the ideal state.
• the line voltage gradient can be used as such a criterion, for example, since a drop in the cell voltage indicates poisoning.
• the pulse operation can therefore advantageously be carried out as a function of the drop in the cell voltage.
• FIGS. 3 and 4 show the individual voltages U of high-temperature PEM fuel cell units as characteristic curves 31 and 41 with different CO poisonings as a function of time t, pulse operation taking place over different time intervals with a given current density. It is discharged via a defined resistor with a specified discharge time.
• the characteristic curve 31 stands for a CO content of 100 ppm with a pulse of 10 min at 300 mA / m 2 and 20 s discharge time.
• the characteristic curve 41 stands for a CO content of 1000 ppm with a pulse of 5 min at 300 A / cm 2 and 20 s discharge time.
• pulse operation takes place when the HT-PEM fuel cell is heated, that is to say before the respective operating temperature has been reached, since electrode deposits with carbon monoxide (CO) can occur at the low temperatures.
• the pulse mode can also be zen, d . h . Warm operating condition is reached. It can thus be ensured that the HT-PEM fuel cell is regenerated depending on the poisoning state.
• the cell voltage or its change can be recorded as a trigger for an automatic regeneration of the HT-PEM fuel cell. This means that the pulse operation takes place depending on the dynamic voltage behavior.
• the clamping voltage of the ⁇ HT-PEM fuel cell also CO impurities in the fuel gas is in the range of 100 and 1000 ppm CO occupancy can be kept constant. This confirms a major advantage of the HT-PEM fuel cell.
• 110 shows a fuel cell module, which consists of a stack of individual HT-PEM fuel cells 111, 111 ⁇ , ... and is referred to in the technical field as a fuel cell stack or "stack *" for short.
• the process gas ie hydrogen or hydrogen-rich gas as the fuel gas on the one hand and oxygen or air as the oxidant on the other hand, are supplied centrally.
• the stack 110 contains lines for the process gases, which are not discussed further in the present context.
• FIG. 5 there is a control device 120 with which the process in the fuel cell stack 110 is controlled in a known manner.
• the control device has discrete inputs 121, 121,... For setting process parameters and, for example, an output 131 for a common, possibly bidirectional data bus. several outputs 131, 131 ⁇ , ... for individual control lines.
• the control device 120 is assigned a pulse device 125, which enables pulse operation of the fuel cell system.

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• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
• Sustainable Development (AREA)
• Sustainable Energy (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Electrochemistry (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Fuel Cell (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Publications (1)

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• 2000
  • 2000-10-30 DE DE10053851A patent/DE10053851A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 2001
  • 2001-10-30 WO PCT/DE2001/004103 patent/WO2002037591A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2001-10-30 CN CNA018183522A patent/CN1473370A/zh active Pending
  • 2001-10-30 JP JP2002540233A patent/JP2004513486A/ja not_active Withdrawn
  • 2001-10-30 EP EP01993032A patent/EP1336213A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2001-10-30 CA CA002427133A patent/CA2427133A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2001-10-30 AU AU2002215835A patent/AU2002215835A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2001-10-30 KR KR10-2003-7005966A patent/KR20030044062A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
• 2003
  • 2003-04-30 US US10/426,822 patent/US20030203248A1/en not_active Abandoned

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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