Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
  • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
  • G03G9/00—Developers
  • G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
  • G03G9/087—Binders for toner particles
  • G03G9/08702—Binders for toner particles comprising macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • G03G9/08706—Polymers of alkenyl-aromatic compounds
  • G03G9/08708—Copolymers of styrene
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
  • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
  • G03G9/00—Developers
  • G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
  • G03G9/087—Binders for toner particles
  • G03G9/08702—Binders for toner particles comprising macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • G03G9/08704—Polyalkenes
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
  • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
  • G03G9/00—Developers
  • G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
  • G03G9/087—Binders for toner particles
  • G03G9/08702—Binders for toner particles comprising macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • G03G9/08722—Polyvinylalcohols; Polyallylalcohols; Polyvinylethers; Polyvinylaldehydes; Polyvinylketones; Polyvinylketals
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
  • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
  • G03G9/00—Developers
  • G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
  • G03G9/087—Binders for toner particles
  • G03G9/08775—Natural macromolecular compounds or derivatives thereof
  • G03G9/08782—Waxes

Definitions

• the present invention relates to the use of means Metallocene catalysts produced polar modified polyolefin waxes in Photo toners as well as photo toners, such polar modified polyolefin waxes contain.
• So-called photo toners are usually used in modern copying processes used from resins, pigments, charge control agents and waxes as well where appropriate, flow aids exist.
• the powdery photo toners form the Copying the template to be copied usually first on a Transfer roller, are transferred from there to the copy paper and then thermally fixed.
• Modern copiers can process more than 40 copies / min according to a conveying speed of more than 0.2 m / s.
• US-A-5,707,772 describes the use of an anti-offset agent based on with Metallocene catalysts described non-polar polyolefins described.
• EP-0 843 222 A1 describes the use of release agents based on non-polar olefin homo- and copolymer waxes, which are also produced using Metallocene catalysts were produced.
• EP-0 890 882 A1 describes the use of non-polar, by means of metallocenes produced propylene homo- and copolymer waxes in photo toners.
• Oxidized waxes are also known (DE-A-196 17 230), obtainable from Metallocene catalysis produced polyolefins.
• DE-A-198 10 890 describes the polar modification of Metallocene catalysts produced polyethylene waxes by oxidation with Oxygen or gases containing oxygen are described in the melt.
• DE-A-10 13 672 is the production of polar modified waxes Oxidation of high molecular weight, made with metallocene catalysts Polyethylene described.
• DE-A-196 48 895 discloses polar modified polypropylene waxes, made with the help of catalysts of the Ziegler or metallocene type obtained polypropylene waxes. These are used for modification ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated carboxylic acids or their derivatives implemented. As possible It is used in aqueous dispersions, hot melt adhesive formulations and called plastic additives.
• the invention therefore relates to the use of means Metallocene catalysts produced polar modified polyolefin waxes in Photo toners.
• Homopolymers are preferred as polyolefin waxes for polar modification of linear or branched ⁇ -olefins with 2 to 30 carbon atoms or copolymers these olefins used with each other.
• the polar modified polyolefin waxes preferably have melt viscosities, measured at 170 ° C, from 5 to 10000 mPa.s, saponification numbers from 0.1 to 100 mg KOH / g and softening points from 80 to 160 ° C.
• the invention further relates to photo toners containing at least one Pigment component, a resin component and a by means of metallocene catalyst manufactured polar modified polyolefin wax.
• photo toners generally contain resins based on polyesters or styrene-acrylate copolymers.
• resins based on polyesters or styrene-acrylate copolymers For example, quaternary ammonium salts for a positive charge and aluminum-azo complexes for a negative charge of the toner powder are used as charge control agents which support the transfer of the toner from the photo roller to the paper base.
• charge control agents which support the transfer of the toner from the photo roller to the paper base.
• small amounts of highly disperse silicas can be added to the toner powder.
• the toners are already in the thermoplastic Mixture of suitable black or color pigments added.
• polyolefin waxes are used below Low molecular weight polymers of linear or metallocene catalysts understood branched ⁇ -olefins having 2 to 30 carbon atoms. Locked in are both homopolymers of the olefins mentioned and copolymers of these Olefins among each other in any ratio.
• Metallocene catalysts for the production of the polyolefin waxes are chiral or nonchiral transition metal compounds of the formula M 1 L x .
• the transition metal compound M 1 L x contains at least one metal central atom M 1 to which at least one ⁇ ligand, for example a cyclopentadienyl ligand, is bonded.
• substituents such as halogen, alkyl, alkoxy or aryl groups can be bonded to the metal central atom M 1 .
• M 1 is preferably an element of III., IV., V. or VI. Main group of the periodic table of the elements, such as Ti, Zr or Hf.
• Cyclopentadienyl ligand is understood to mean unsubstituted cyclopentadienyl radicals and substituted cyclopentadienyl radicals such as methylcyclopentadienyl, indenyl, 2-methylindenyl, 2-methyl-4-phenylindenyl, tetrahydroindenyl or octa-tetra-hydrofluoryl or octa-tetra-hydrofluoryl or octa.
• the ⁇ ligands can be bridged or unbridged, whereby single and multiple bridging - also via ring systems - are possible.
• metallocene also includes compounds with more than one metallocene fragment, so-called multinuclear metallocenes. These can have any substitution pattern and bridging variant.
• the individual metallocene fragments of such multinuclear metallocenes can be of the same type or different from one another. Examples of such multinuclear metallocenes are described, for example, in EP-0 632 063 A1.
• the polyolefin waxes have melt viscosities before polar modification, measured at 170 ° C, between 5 and 10000 mPa.s and softening points between 85 and 165 ° C.
• the polar modification of these polyolefin waxes can be by oxidation with Oxygen or gases containing oxygen below or above the melting point respectively.
• the wax is preferably in the molten state Temperatures between the melting point of the wax and 200 ° C Introducing oxygen or gases containing oxygen, preferably air, oxidized.
• the waxes modified by oxidation have acid numbers between 0.1 and 100, preferably 1 and 30 mg KOH / g, melt viscosities, measured at 170 ° C, from 5 to 10,000 mPa.s, preferably 20 to 5000 mPa.s and Softening points from 80 to 160 ° C.
• oxidates such as those caused by their esterification with mono- or polyvalent ones aliphatic or aromatic alcohols, e.g. Ethanol, propanols, butanols, Ethanediol, butanediols, glycerin, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol or Benzyl alcohol can be produced.
• aliphatic or aromatic alcohols e.g. Ethanol, propanols, butanols, Ethanediol, butanediols, glycerin, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol or Benzyl alcohol
• partial esters are present, the further derivatization of such esters, for example, by esterification with Acid components such as acrylic acid or methacrylic acid possible.
• polar modification is to implement the Polyolefin wax with ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated carboxylic acids or their derivatives, optionally in the presence of a radical initiator.
• ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated Carboxylic acids are acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, crotonic acid and maleic acid.
• derivatives of ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated carboxylic acids are their esters or Amides or anhydrides, e.g. Acrylic acid alkyl esters, acrylic acid amides, semi or Diesters of maleic acid, maleic anhydride or amides of maleic acid such as e.g. Maleimide or N-alkyl substituted maleimides.
• connections are used.
• Maleic acid and its are preferred Descendants, maleic anhydride is particularly preferred.
• the ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated Carboxylic acids or their derivatives come in an amount based on the amount used Polyolefin wax, from 0.1-20% by weight, is used. The production of such radically generated polar reaction products is, for example, in EP-0 941 257 A1.
• polyolefin waxes By implementing polyolefin waxes with ⁇ , ⁇ -Unsaturated carboxylic acids and their derivatives obtained polar modified Polyolefin waxes have melt viscosities, measured at 170 ° C, from 5 to 10000 mPa.s, preferably 10 to 5000 mPa.s, saponification numbers from 0.1 to 100 mg KOH / g, preferably 2 to 80 mg KOH / g and softening points from 80 to 160 ° C, preferably 100 to 155 ° C.
• According to the invention is also the use of wax products by radical conversion of polyolefin waxes with styrene in an amount of 0.1-30% by weight, based on the polyolefin wax used.
• melt viscosities of the wax products described below were: measured according to DIN 51562 with a rotary viscometer.
• the saponification numbers were in accordance with DIN standard 53401, the softening points and flow hardness (Stamp penetrations) according to the "standard methods" M-IV 2 (75) and M-III 13 (75) of the German Society for Fat Chemistry.
• polyolefin waxes were prepared for the derivatization based on the examples of the patents EP 321 851 and EP 571 882 using metallocene catalysts: Type Viscosity / 170 ° C mPa.s Erweichungspkt. R / K (° C) Flow hardness bar Polyolefin wax 1 Ethylene homopolymer 50 123 530 Polyolefin wax 2 Propylene homopolymer 30 136 880 Polyolefin wax 3 Propylene homopolymer 2800 140 900
• the product formed (modified wax 1) showed a saponification number of 30 mg KOH / g, a viscosity of 20 mPa.s at 170 ° C, a softening point (Ring / ball) of 118 ° C and a flow hardness of 380 bar.
• polyolefin wax 3 became polar with maleic anhydride modified.
• a light yellow wax (modified wax 3) was obtained with a Saponification number of 60 mg KOH / g, a melt viscosity at 170 ° C of 2100 mPa.s, a ring / ball softening point of 138 ° C and a flow hardness of 1000 bar.
• Waxes in toners such as those used in photocopiers and digital printing machines are shown:
• Example 1 Instead of the modified wax 1 mentioned in Example 1, the modified waxes 2 and 3 used. At the same time, the pigment content was around 25% reduced. Otherwise, the procedure was as in Example 1. The prints showed that same color depth as a standard without wax tested in parallel according to Example 1. This shows that the addition of wax makes it more effective Pigment dispersion is achieved.

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• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
• General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Developing Agents For Electrophotography (AREA)
• Graft Or Block Polymers (AREA)
• Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)

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• 2001
  • 2001-12-06 DE DE10159955A patent/DE10159955A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 2002
  • 2002-11-25 US US10/303,279 patent/US7005224B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2002-11-26 EP EP02026226A patent/EP1318433A3/fr not_active Withdrawn
  • 2002-12-05 CN CN02155913A patent/CN1423174A/zh active Pending
  • 2002-12-05 JP JP2002353662A patent/JP2003215835A/ja not_active Withdrawn

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