EP1303845B1 - Verfahren zur ermittlung von verkehrslageinformationen - Google Patents
Verfahren zur ermittlung von verkehrslageinformationen Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1303845B1 EP1303845B1 EP01951687A EP01951687A EP1303845B1 EP 1303845 B1 EP1303845 B1 EP 1303845B1 EP 01951687 A EP01951687 A EP 01951687A EP 01951687 A EP01951687 A EP 01951687A EP 1303845 B1 EP1303845 B1 EP 1303845B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- function
- mobile detector
- traffic situation
- average speed
- speed
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
- G08G1/00—Traffic control systems for road vehicles
- G08G1/01—Detecting movement of traffic to be counted or controlled
- G08G1/0104—Measuring and analyzing of parameters relative to traffic conditions
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for determining traffic situation information within a transport network using mobile detectors, in particular Vehicles of a sample fleet, which have a terminal, a center for Determination of traffic situation information within a traffic network, the at least from a mobile detector receives data of its geographical position, a Terminal in a mobile detector, the at least one Positioning device includes or is connected to this, and a Data processing device and a device for data exchange with the Central includes, as well as a software program product directly into an internal Memory of a central office and / or the terminal of a mobile detector can be loaded.
- the recording and description of the traffic situation is an essential task in the The field of transport telematics, which for example has the objective of To inform situations with traffic obstructions and to take these situations too equalize and, where appropriate, by appropriate anticipatory diversion of Road users on less-strained routes.
- Another task consists of identifying information for traffic and road network planning.
- the German patent application DE 195 21 919 A1 proposes a method for determining traffic situation information in which the detected vehicle and position data are already assigned in the vehicle operating as a detector to at least one predetermined class of vehicle and position data corresponding to a specific typical vehicle behavior become. These classes are called vehicle behavior patterns.
- the assigned vehicle behavior pattern is transferred with the position data of the vehicle at least partially in coded form to the traffic control center.
- the terminal then located in the evaluation state t 0 now checks the detected speed values in comparison to the limit speed and interprets after passing through a time t 0 + t 1 the traffic condition on the route section as a total traffic disturbance when the mobile detector is driven at a lower speed than the deposited limit speed. If the terminal analyzed a traffic status as disturbed, a corresponding data telegram is generated and transmitted to the traffic center via a mobile radio network.
- the disadvantage of the previously known methods lies in the fact that a large number is generated by incorrect and / or non-relevant messages, in particular longer stops before traffic lights, barriers, etc. in the inner city area as well as braking operations before passing through towns are recognized as traffic disruptions and passed on to the customer.
- the object of the invention is the determination of traffic situation information perform so that the number of wrong and / or irrelevant Traffic situation information is further reduced and an accurate picture of the traffic situation is obtained.
- the processable data of the sections or the road network, which for Traffic situation are used, for example, after a method as described in DE 100 52 109 generated.
- the following steps carried out In a preferably first process step, the middle Speed of a mobile detector on at least one of his vehicles Track section determined.
- the determination of the standard deviation of the from the detector driven speed of the medium speed or the Average speed on the traveled section and / or the Sum of the downtime of the mobile detector with respect to the travel time of the mobile detector mobile detector on the route section this is the sum of the travel times preferably given in relation to the travel time.
- the determined standard deviation of the traveled section is called Function of medium speed on the traveled section with at least one borderline, depending on the standard deviation and the average speed is set.
- the standard deviation and the mean speed a point in one out Standard deviation and mean velocity formed coordinate system set, for example, in an area next to or on the at least one Borderline lies.
- a comparison of the sum of downtime in proportion Travel time on the traveled section as a function of the middle Speed on the section of track with at least one boundary running in Reference to the sum of downtimes on the traveled section and the medium speed is set to be performed.
- a coordinate system from the ratio of the sum of Downtimes to the travel time on the predefined section and the medium speed formed on the stretch of track.
- this Coordinate system will have at least one boundary to the definition of Traffic conditions and determines the coordinate point, the sum of the Downtime at travel time and medium speed is formed in the Coordinate system described.
- the Determination of the traffic situation on the route section as a function of the comparison the standard deviation as a function of the mean velocity and / or in Dependence of the comparison of the sum of the idle times in relation to Travel time as a function of the average speed with the respective borderline.
- Each of the boundary curves preferably defines the boundary between two Traffic conditions.
- both for the standard deviation as Function of the average speed as well as for the sum of the downtimes as Function of the medium speed can be provided several borderlines, the different traffic conditions, such as "traffic jam”, “dense”, “slow-moving traffic” or “Free”, define.
- the Boundaries have a so-called hysteresis, that is, depending on, from Whichever traffic condition a change in the border starts from is another value or to use the value curve of the limit curve.
- An embodiment of the invention further provides that the boundary curves for the definition the traffic conditions depending on the road type (motorway, country road etc.) be determined.
- the borderlines route-dependent.
- such parameters as curve radii, Gradients, etc. play a role.
- the invention further provides in an embodiment of the invention that the Limits depending on the infrastructure (intersections, traffic lights, inputs and Exits and the type of development on the route section, etc.). Also, a time-dependent definition of the boundaries is possible, so can Example in the traffic other limits than the weekend.
- boundary processes are not static but be set dynamically, a situation changes on a stretch of road, the boundary processes are adapted to the respective situation.
- At least in Dependence of the maximum permissible speed on a section of road Traffic position determination as a function of the standard deviation as a function of mean speed and / or depending on the sum of downtime as Function of medium speed is done. This is preferably done on highways and highways a traffic situation determination depending on the standard deviation and On urban roads, a traffic situation determination depending on the downtime on the track sections. However, it is also traffic situation investigations in dependence the standard deviation and downtimes conceivable.
- Another embodiment of the invention provides that at least infrastructure dependent a traffic situation determination as a function of the standard deviation as a function of mean speed and / or depending on the sum of downtime as Function of medium speed is done.
- the traffic situation determination additionally the Acceleration behavior of the mobile detector is used. This has the Advantage that a more accurate distinction between traffic signal phases and a traffic jam A section of the route can be distinguished.
- the traffic situation determination can be both in a central office as also be performed in the mobile detector. If the investigation takes place at the headquarters, sends the respective mobile detector at least its temporal position data to the Central, which can determine speeds from it. However, it can also be provided be that the respective mobile detector additionally sends its speed data. If the traffic situation is determined directly by the mobile detector, an embodiment provides that the mobile detector receives data of an expected or current traffic situation, and sends traffic situation data to the control center only when the traffic situation changes. There is also the possibility that the mobile detector does not keep its data during the drive to the central office, but the data after the end of the journey be handed over. Such a method can, for example, in the Traffic infrastructure planning are used.
- the center for the determination of traffic situation information is designed such that it can carry out the method according to the invention and / or performs. It has a data communication connection to the mobile Detectors on which they position data and possibly driving condition data of the receives mobile detector.
- a terminal is provided in a mobile detector, at least a position-determining device is included or connected to it, and a Data processing device and a device for data exchange with a Central, wherein the terminal for performing the inventive Method is formed.
- An embodiment of the terminal provides that the terminal its speed determined from his temporal position data. However, it can reduce the speed of the mobile detector from a vehicle speed sensor or off Determine driving status data.
- Fig. 1 is a system for detecting traffic situation information on one of at least one mobile detector 1, in particular a vehicle of a Sample fleet, traveled route shown.
- the terminal 1a of a mobile Detector 1 has a position determination device for determining the geographical coordinates of its current location, preferably one Satellite based detection device 2, a data processing device 6 and a device 4 for bidirectional data communication with a corresponding one Communication device of a central station 3.
- the terminal 1a communicates the terminal 1a via a point-to-point method with the center 3 and sends in the simplest case its time recorded geographical coordinates to the central office 3, resulting from the temporal change of the geographic coordinates of the mobile detector 1 by means of the inventive Process the traffic situation on a section of the route and / or travel times determined the route section.
- the Terminal 1a in the data processing device 6 itself from the position data Speed of the mobile detector detected or by a detection device receives and with the aid of the inventive method determines the traffic situation and depending on predefined criteria, for example depending on the comparison with current and / or expected values with data of the concerned Route section, as for example, according to a method as described in the DE 100 52 109 is generated, sends to the center 3.
- the data of Sections or a traffic network are either in the data processing device 6 stored or the mobile detectors. 1 via a communication method, for example, depending on their position of the central office 3 transmitted.
- the inventive method using a concrete example explained in more detail.
- the to be judged Traffic route network which only covers the sections of the actual road network includes, which seem relevant for a traffic situation assessment, in three Divided road types. These are once the highways and highways with a lot high permissible maximum speed, the country roads and the city streets with Traffic lights and intersections.
- the standard deviation ⁇ is used in the exemplary embodiment as a function of the average speed v m of the mobile detector 1 on the route section AB.
- the instantaneous velocity v i of the mobile detector 1 is detected continuously or at defined time intervals or calculated from the time profile of the position data on the section AB, from the average velocity v m of the mobile detector 1 on the section determined and from the standard deviation ⁇ of determined by the mobile detector 1 speed v i determined by the average speed v m .
- the standard deviation ⁇ is calculated according to the following formula: where n is the number of determined time positions of the mobile detector.
- FIG. 2 a shows a plurality of courses of the speed v i and the average speed v m on the route section AB for different traffic conditions.
- the standard deviation ⁇ is calculated as a function of the mean velocity v m for each of the velocity profiles v 1, v 2 , v 3 and compared with different boundary gradients G1, G2, G3, which define different traffic conditions on the segment AB, the traffic situation is obtained during the travel of the mobile detector 1 on the route section. While traveling on the section at the speed v 1 , the mean velocity v m1 was relatively low, but the standard deviation ⁇ due to a stop-and-go behavior of the mobile detector 1 but very large, it is a "jam" recognized.
- the speed v 2 speed shows a mean speed v m of about 80 km / h with a lower standard deviation ⁇ .
- the drive at the speed v 3 shows a high average speed v m with a small standard deviation ⁇ .
- the section AB is free.
- a hysteresis H was additionally introduced here for each boundary course.
- 3a shows the speed profiles v 4, v 6 for two journeys of mobile detectors 1 on a section AB of a city street.
- the stationary component S is the travel time t over the section AB during the drive at the speed v 5 relatively large and the average velocity v m low.
- the percentage standstill component S as a function of the mean velocity v m is compared with the boundary profiles G1 and G2 (FIG. 3b), it can be stated that the route segment was jammed. However, was v while driving at the speed of the link 4 free. If necessary, the standard deviation can be considered as an additional criterion when determining the traffic situation on city streets.
- both the number of the boundary G and their course compared to a traffic situation on highways and highways may be different.
- the traffic in the opposite direction of travel ie the traffic situation on the counter lane and / or the acceleration of the mobile detector 1 is taken into account.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Traffic Control Systems (AREA)
Description
Nachfolgend wird die Erfindung anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels näher beschrieben. Die zugehörigen Zeichnungen zeigen:
- Fig. 1:
- ein Blockschaltbild eines Systems zur Ermittlung der Verkehrslage
- Fig. 2:
- ein Beispiel der Ermittlung der Verkehrslage mit Hilfe der Standardabweichung und
- Fig. 3:
- ein Beispiel der Ermittlung der Verkehrslage über die Summe der Stillstandszeiten.
Die Standardabweichung σ berechnet sich dabei gemäss folgender Formel: wobei n die Anzahl der ermittelten zeitlichen Positionen des mobilen Detektors ist.
Claims (22)
- Verfahren zur Ermittlung von Verkehrslageinformationen innerhalb eines Verkehrsnetzes mit Hilfe von mobilen Detektoren (1), insbesondere Fahrzeugen einer Stichprobenflotte, die ein Endgerät (1a) aufweisen, wobei bei dem Verfahren folgende Schritte durchgeführt werden:Ermittlung der mittleren Geschwindigkeit (vm) mindestens eines mobilen Detektors (1) auf mindestens einem von ihm befahrenen Streckenabschnitt (A-B),Ermittlung der Standardabweichung (σ) der vom mobilen Detektor (1) gefahrenen Geschwindigkeit (vi) von der mittleren Geschwindigkeit (vm) auf dem befahrenen Streckenabschnitt (A-B) und/oder der Summe (S) der Stillstandszeiten des mobilen Detektors (1) auf dem befahrenen Streckenabschnitt (A-B),Vergleich der Standardabweichung (σ) als Funktion der mittleren Geschwindigkeit (vm) auf dem befahrenen Streckenabschnitt (A-B) mit mindestens einem Grenzverlauf (G), der die Grenze zwischen zwei Verkehrszuständen definiert und der in Abhängigkeit von Standardabweichung (σ) und mittlerer Geschwindigkeit (vm) festgelegt wird, und/oderVergleich der Summe (S) der Stillstandszeiten auf dem befahrenen Streckenabschnitt (A-B) als Funktion der mittleren Geschwindigkeit (vm) auf dem befahrenen Streckenabschnitt (A-B) mit mindestens einem Grenzverlauf (G), der die Grenze zwischen zwei Verkehrszuständen definiert und der in Abhängigkeit von der Summe (S) der Stillstandszeiten auf dem befahrenen Streckenabschnitt (A-B) und der mittleren Geschwindigkeit (vm) auf dem Streckenabschnitt (A-B) festgelegt wird,Ermittlung eines Verkehrslagezustandes in Abhängigkeit des Vergleiches der Standardabweichung (σ) als Funktion der mittleren Geschwindigkeit (vm) mit dem mindestens einen Grenzverlauf (G), der in Abhängigkeit von Standardabweichung (σ) und mittlerer Geschwindigkeit (vm) festgelegt ist, und/oderErmittlung eines Verkehrslagezustandes in Abhängigkeit des Vergleiches der Summe (S) der Stillstandszeiten als Funktion der mittleren Geschwindigkeit (vm) mit dem mindestens einen Grenzverlauf (G), der in Abhängigkeit von der Summe (S) der Stillstandszeiten und der mittleren Geschwindigkeit (vm) auf dem Streckenabschnitt (A-B) festgelegt ist.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mehrere Grenzverläufe (G), die in Abhängigkeit von Standardabweichung (σ) und mittlerer Geschwindigkeit (vm) auf einem Streckenabschnitt (A-B) festgelegt werden, vorgesehen sind.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mehrere Grenzverläufe (G), die in Abhängigkeit der Summe (S) der Stillstandszeiten auf dem befahrenen Streckenabschnitt (A-B) und der mittleren Geschwindigkeit (vm) auf dem Streckenabschnitt (A-B) festgelegt werden, vorgesehen sind.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mindestens einer der Grenzverläufe (G) eine Hysterese (H) aufweist.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Grenzverläufe (G) zur Definition der Verkehrszustände in Abhängigkeit des Strassentyps festgelegt werden.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Grenzverläufe (G) streckenabhängig festgelegt werden.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Grenzverläufe (G) infrastrukturabhängig festgelegt werden.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Grenzverläufe (G) zeitabhängig festgelegt werden.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Grenzverläufe (G) veränderbar sind.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zumindest in Abhängigkeit der zulässigen Höchstgeschwindigkeit auf einem Streckenabschnitt (A-B) eine Verkehrslageermittlung in Abhängigkeit der Standardabweichung (σ) als Funktion der mittleren Geschwindigkeit (vm) und/oder in Abhängigkeit der Summe (S) der Stillstandszeiten als Funktion der mittleren Geschwindigkeit (vm) erfolgt.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zumindest infrastrukturabhängig eine Verkehrslageermittlung in Abhängigkeit der Standardabweichung (σ) als Funktion der mittleren Geschwindigkeit (vm) und/oder in Abhängigkeit der Summe (S) der Stillstandszeiten als Funktion der mittleren Geschwindigkeit (vm) auf einem Streckenabschnitt (A-B) erfolgt.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zur Verkehrslageermittlung zusätzlich das Beschleunigungsverhalten des mobilen Detektors (1) herangezogen wird.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Verkehrslageermittlung in einer Zentrale (3) durchgeführt wird, die zumindest zeitliche Daten der Position des mindestens einen mobilen Detektors (1) erhält.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Verkehrslageermittlung im Endgerät (1a) des mobilen Detektors (1) durchgeführt wird und Daten der Verkehrslage an eine Zentrale (3) gesendet und/oder an diese übergeben werden.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Zentrale (3) dem mobilen Detektor (1) Daten einer erwarteten Verkehrslage sendet und der mobile Detektor (1) im wesentlichen nur bei Änderung der erwarteten Verkehrslage Daten der ermittelten Verkehrslage an die Zentrale (3) übermittelt.
- Zentrale zur Ermittlung von Verkehrslageinformationen innerhalb eines Verkehrsnetzes, die zumindest von einem mobilen Detektor (1) Daten seiner geographischen Position erhält, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Zentrale (3) zur Durchführung eines Verfahrens nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 15 ausgebildet ist.
- Zentrale nach Anspruch 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Zentrale (3) vom mobilen Detektor (1) zeitliche Daten seiner geographischen Position erhält.
- Zentrale nach Anspruch 16 oder 17, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Zentrale (3) Fahrzustandsdaten des mobilen Detektors (1), zumindest die momentane Geschwindigkeit (vi) erhält.
- Endgerät in einem mobilen Detektor, das zumindest eine Positionsbestimmungseinrichtung (2) beinhaltet oder mit dieser verbunden ist, und eine Datenverarbeitungseinrichtung (6) und eine Einrichtung (4) zum Datenaustausch mit einer Zentrale (3) umfasst, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Endgerät (1a) zur Durchführung eines Verfahrens nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 15 ausgebildet ist
- Endgerät nach Anspruch 19, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Endgerät (1a) die Geschwindigkeit (vi) des mobilen Detektors (1) aus seinen zeitlichen Positionsdaten ermittelt.
- Endgerät nach Anspruch 19, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Endgerät (1a) die Geschwindigkeit (vi) des mobilen Detektors (1) von einem Fahrgeschwindigkeitssensor erhält oder aus Fahrzustandsdaten ermittelt.
- Softwareprogrammprodukt, das direkt in einen internen Speicher einer Zentrale (3) und/oder eines Endgerätes (1a) eines mobilen Detektors (1) ladbar ist und Programmabschnitte umfasst, mit denen die Verfahrensschritte gemäss einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 15 ausgeführt werden und/oder ausführbar sind, wenn das Programmprodukt in der Zentrale (3) und/oder im Endgerät (1) läuft.
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE10035501 | 2000-07-19 | ||
DE10035501 | 2000-07-19 | ||
DE10133001 | 2001-07-06 | ||
DE10133001A DE10133001A1 (de) | 2000-07-19 | 2001-07-06 | Verfahren zur Ermittlung von Verkehrslageinformationen |
PCT/EP2001/008237 WO2002007125A1 (de) | 2000-07-19 | 2001-07-17 | Verfahren zur ermittlung von verkehrslageinformationen |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP1303845A1 EP1303845A1 (de) | 2003-04-23 |
EP1303845B1 true EP1303845B1 (de) | 2004-03-24 |
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ID=26006469
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP01951687A Expired - Lifetime EP1303845B1 (de) | 2000-07-19 | 2001-07-17 | Verfahren zur ermittlung von verkehrslageinformationen |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6865475B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1303845B1 (de) |
CN (1) | CN1443347A (de) |
AT (1) | ATE262716T1 (de) |
CZ (1) | CZ301906B6 (de) |
HU (1) | HU228199B1 (de) |
PL (1) | PL359285A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2002007125A1 (de) |
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DE19521919C2 (de) | 1994-11-28 | 1997-08-07 | Mannesmann Ag | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Reduzierung einer aus Fahrzeugen einer Stichprobenfahrzeugflotte zu übertragenden Datenmenge |
JPH08161685A (ja) | 1994-12-09 | 1996-06-21 | Nippon Signal Co Ltd:The | 車両走行調査測定装置 |
DE19606258C1 (de) | 1996-02-06 | 1997-04-30 | Mannesmann Ag | Fahrzeugautonome Detektion von Verkehrsstau |
JP2000504859A (ja) * | 1996-02-08 | 2000-04-18 | マンネスマン・アクチエンゲゼルシャフト | 交通状況データの収集方法 |
EP0879460B1 (de) * | 1996-02-08 | 1999-12-22 | MANNESMANN Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren und einrichtung zur erfassung von daten über die verkehrslage |
ES2153159T3 (es) * | 1996-03-25 | 2001-02-16 | Mannesmann Ag | Procedimiento y sistema para el registro de situacion de trafico por medio de una instalacion estacionaria de registro de datos. |
DE19638069B4 (de) * | 1996-09-18 | 2014-05-08 | T-Mobile Deutschland Gmbh | Verfahren und Einrichtung zur Erfassung von Verkehrsdaten von Fahrzeugen |
EP0960411B1 (de) * | 1997-02-14 | 2002-06-19 | Vodafone AG | Verfahren zur bestimmung von verkehrsdaten und verkehrsinformationszentrale |
JPH1186184A (ja) * | 1997-09-09 | 1999-03-30 | Aqueous Res:Kk | 車両走行情報提供装置及び交通情報提供局 |
DE10052109B4 (de) | 1999-11-11 | 2014-10-30 | Deutsche Telekom Ag | Verfahren zum Beschreiben und Erzeugen von Straßennetzen und Straßennetz |
-
2001
- 2001-07-17 US US10/332,831 patent/US6865475B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-07-17 CN CN01813063.1A patent/CN1443347A/zh active Pending
- 2001-07-17 CZ CZ20024257A patent/CZ301906B6/cs not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-07-17 PL PL01359285A patent/PL359285A1/xx not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2001-07-17 WO PCT/EP2001/008237 patent/WO2002007125A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 2001-07-17 AT AT01951687T patent/ATE262716T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-07-17 EP EP01951687A patent/EP1303845B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-07-17 HU HU0301480A patent/HU228199B1/hu unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2002007125A1 (de) | 2002-01-24 |
CZ301906B6 (cs) | 2010-07-28 |
US20040039516A1 (en) | 2004-02-26 |
PL359285A1 (en) | 2004-08-23 |
HUP0301480A3 (en) | 2004-08-30 |
EP1303845A1 (de) | 2003-04-23 |
US6865475B2 (en) | 2005-03-08 |
CN1443347A (zh) | 2003-09-17 |
CZ20024257A3 (cs) | 2003-06-18 |
ATE262716T1 (de) | 2004-04-15 |
HUP0301480A2 (hu) | 2003-08-28 |
HU228199B1 (en) | 2013-01-28 |
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