EP0879460B1 - Verfahren und einrichtung zur erfassung von daten über die verkehrslage - Google Patents
Verfahren und einrichtung zur erfassung von daten über die verkehrslage Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0879460B1 EP0879460B1 EP97914127A EP97914127A EP0879460B1 EP 0879460 B1 EP0879460 B1 EP 0879460B1 EP 97914127 A EP97914127 A EP 97914127A EP 97914127 A EP97914127 A EP 97914127A EP 0879460 B1 EP0879460 B1 EP 0879460B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- traffic
- speed
- vehicle
- traffic situation
- data
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
- G08G1/00—Traffic control systems for road vehicles
- G08G1/09—Arrangements for giving variable traffic instructions
- G08G1/0962—Arrangements for giving variable traffic instructions having an indicator mounted inside the vehicle, e.g. giving voice messages
- G08G1/0967—Systems involving transmission of highway information, e.g. weather, speed limits
- G08G1/096708—Systems involving transmission of highway information, e.g. weather, speed limits where the received information might be used to generate an automatic action on the vehicle control
- G08G1/096716—Systems involving transmission of highway information, e.g. weather, speed limits where the received information might be used to generate an automatic action on the vehicle control where the received information does not generate an automatic action on the vehicle control
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
- G08G1/00—Traffic control systems for road vehicles
- G08G1/01—Detecting movement of traffic to be counted or controlled
- G08G1/0104—Measuring and analyzing of parameters relative to traffic conditions
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
- G08G1/00—Traffic control systems for road vehicles
- G08G1/09—Arrangements for giving variable traffic instructions
- G08G1/0962—Arrangements for giving variable traffic instructions having an indicator mounted inside the vehicle, e.g. giving voice messages
- G08G1/0967—Systems involving transmission of highway information, e.g. weather, speed limits
- G08G1/096733—Systems involving transmission of highway information, e.g. weather, speed limits where a selection of the information might take place
- G08G1/096758—Systems involving transmission of highway information, e.g. weather, speed limits where a selection of the information might take place where no selection takes place on the transmitted or the received information
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
- G08G1/00—Traffic control systems for road vehicles
- G08G1/09—Arrangements for giving variable traffic instructions
- G08G1/0962—Arrangements for giving variable traffic instructions having an indicator mounted inside the vehicle, e.g. giving voice messages
- G08G1/0967—Systems involving transmission of highway information, e.g. weather, speed limits
- G08G1/096766—Systems involving transmission of highway information, e.g. weather, speed limits where the system is characterised by the origin of the information transmission
- G08G1/096775—Systems involving transmission of highway information, e.g. weather, speed limits where the system is characterised by the origin of the information transmission where the origin of the information is a central station
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
- G08G1/00—Traffic control systems for road vehicles
- G08G1/09—Arrangements for giving variable traffic instructions
- G08G1/0962—Arrangements for giving variable traffic instructions having an indicator mounted inside the vehicle, e.g. giving voice messages
- G08G1/0967—Systems involving transmission of highway information, e.g. weather, speed limits
- G08G1/096766—Systems involving transmission of highway information, e.g. weather, speed limits where the system is characterised by the origin of the information transmission
- G08G1/096791—Systems involving transmission of highway information, e.g. weather, speed limits where the system is characterised by the origin of the information transmission where the origin of the information is another vehicle
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for acquiring data about the traffic situation in a road network, with a central office of a plurality of vehicles operating on Participate in road traffic and are equipped with a sensor system for detection traffic-relevant sensor data, which at least one the current speed v (t) size of the respective vehicle include, at time intervals Individual messages about the one arranged in the respective vehicle Data processing device recognized current on the basis of the detected sensor data Traffic situation in the vehicle environment can be transmitted wirelessly.
- the invention further relates to a device in a vehicle for detection and submission of such individual reports. Such a method is known from the DE 4 105 584 known.
- the recording and description of the traffic situation is an essential task in the Area of traffic telematics, the aims of which include road users to provide the most up-to-date and meaningful information possible so that the Avoid traffic congestion situations if possible and in the If necessary, switch to less congested roads.
- stationary detection devices installed on the street (e.g. Beacons, induction loops or similar). This is not just very high Costs associated with creating and maintaining the necessary infrastructure, but also has the disadvantage that these facilities only due to the system have an extremely narrow local area of application. For one Comprehensive traffic situation detection is therefore the installation of a huge one Number of detection devices necessary.
- a traffic situation assessment without making permanently installed street-side facilities by using the Vehicles in a sample vehicle fleet suitable collection points (e.g. traffic control center). It deals it is about measuring stations that are floating in traffic ("floating cars") relevant data (especially vehicle speed) via a mobile wireless communication device (e.g. a radio telephone) to the respective Transfer data collection point for further processing and evaluation.
- the evaluation can then be carried out by a large number of road users in the sense of Traffic information and avoidance recommendations are transmitted so that the Depending on the traffic situation, a favorable decision on the road users can choose the chosen route.
- the results can also be used in automatic route planning and route guidance systems.
- a problem with the "floating cars" is that a continuous transmission of the current speed of a variety of vehicles an extraordinarily strong Load on the transmission channels of the communication device used represents and also a significant cost factor when using a fee-based communication system. Therefore one tries to replace the Transmission of individual measured values to the compressed data if possible Central to transmit, in which the traffic information collected and for the End users are prepared. For example, you could at intervals the average speed of the respective vehicle to the control center to transfer. But this is still very expensive.
- a decision could be made about whether the data is more or less important for the traffic situation, and data transfer may only be limited to meaningful data. In this regard, it would be of great interest to focus on, for example Transmission of information about a traffic jam could restrict.
- a traffic situation detection system based on "floating cars” in which automatically large amounts of reports from the point of view of the individual "floating cars” generated unusual and therefore significant events these reports are first subjected to a thorough check before they are used in traffic services, such as route planning, Route guidance of vehicles, traffic planning or traffic forecasts
- traffic services such as route planning, Route guidance of vehicles, traffic planning or traffic forecasts
- sensor technology is used for the mechanical evaluation of sensed sensor data inevitably confuse different types of events.
- a particularly drastic example is the confusion between the "traffic jam” event and the Event "Stop at a rest area" during a motorway trip. In both cases the vehicle speed is detected by the sensors.
- the object of the invention is therefore to provide a generic method to further develop that an at least largely automated control of Event reports can take place in the headquarters with sufficient reliability. Furthermore, a device in a vehicle is to be proposed, which for Collection and transmission of traffic situation data within the framework of a method according to the invention can be used.
- the invention is based on a device that has a sensor system for recording data, which includes data (speed variables) representative of at least the current vehicle speed, and a data processing device that is connected to this sensor system is. Furthermore, this device comprises a communication device for the wireless transmission of individual messages, which are characteristic of the current traffic situation in the vehicle environment, to a central office.
- the programming of the data processing device is set up in the following manner: On the basis of the detected speed variables, the data processing device carries out a classifying interpretation of the traffic situation in the vehicle surroundings, this interpretation comprising at least the class "traffic-related disruption" (traffic jam).
- the data processing device also forms a confidence factor F on the basis of the detected speed variables, which represents a measure of the ripple of the temporal profile of the speed variables for the period to which the individual message relates, that is to say in particular for the time interval for driving through a traffic jam.
- the data processing device compiles the individual messages to be transmitted to the control center via the communication device in such a way that they each include at least the classifying interpretation of the traffic situation in the vehicle environment and the confidence factor F.
- the diagram of a traffic situation detection system shown in FIG. 1 is divided in function blocks belonging to a control center for recording the traffic situation data and in function blocks that are assigned to the individual "floating cars".
- the starting point is the acquisition of sensor data using appropriate sensors in the respective "floating car”.
- the connected to the sensors Data processing device of the "floating car” determines from these sensor data that preferably consist in the current speed of the respective vehicle, a confidence factor F, preferably according to the formula described above.
- the values required for the reference speed v min and, if appropriate, the length of the measuring interval and the measuring frequency f can vary from the Data processing device of the "floating car" can be taken from a memory which is referred to in FIG. 1 as "default configuration". Via a transmitter / receiver (communication) for wireless data exchange with the control center, the default settings can be changed if necessary.
- the data processing device of the "floating car” makes a classifying interpretation of the traffic situation in the vehicle surroundings on the basis of the speed variables detected by the sensors and determines the confidence factor F for this purpose.
- the interpretation of the traffic situation, in particular the class "traffic-related disruption" Traffic jam messages are transmitted to the head office as individual messages together with the confidence factor determined via the "Communication" function block.
- the transmitter / receiver of the control center which is also symbolized by a "Communication" function block, records the individual messages transmitted and saves them. If required, a data record for a change in the preset values in the "floating cars" can be taken from the function block of the central station designated with "preset configuration".
- the data processing device which is not shown in more detail in the head office, checks each individual message received on the basis of the associated confidence factor transmitted in each case, as to whether the interpretation of the traffic situation made by the "floating car" was probably correct or whether it appears doubtful.
- the vehicle speed zero can occur not only in the case of a traffic jam caused by high traffic volume, but also in the case of a scheduled stop at a rest stop or in a parking lot of a freeway.
- a congestion caused by a high volume of vehicles usually announces itself through characteristic fluctuations in the speed profile.
- a scheduled stop in a parking lot or at a rest area usually has a relatively smooth speed profile immediately before this stop. But it can also happen that there is a sudden traffic jam due to an accident followed by a full blockage of the road, whereby a relatively smooth speed profile is also present until the traffic jam is reached.
- the method of the present invention would determine a comparatively large confidence factor F (near the maximum value 1) in the case of traffic-related traffic jams, the comparatively low confidence factor F would result in the cases of a scheduled stop at a rest stop or a sudden accident stop mentioned in the example
- a large number of the individual messages arriving at the control center is therefore provided for the data processing device of the control center to automatically evaluate the individual reports based on the trust factor, with all individual reports whose trust factor is above a threshold value of, for example, 0.4 being accepted as correctly interpreted (automatic Evaluation), while all individual reports that have a lower confidence factor are fed to a traffic editor for manual evaluation.
- the traffic information that can be made available to the road users is then formed from the two partial flows of the automatically evaluated individual reports, which are revised or finally evaluated by a traffic editor.
- the present invention enables a high reliability of the meaningfulness of Traffic information.
- a largely automatic evaluation of the recorded individual information instead. Only for a much smaller part of the individual reports must be evaluated manually reliable input data for the traffic information to be derived guarantee. In this way, the profitability of a high quality Data acquisition ensured.
- Fig. 2 the effectiveness of the method according to the invention is schematic, i.e. not shown to scale using frequency distributions.
- the trust factor of which according to the above was calculated the frequency distributions were determined p (F) plotted as a function of the confidence factor F, with curve a those individual messages were evaluated in which the automatic The "traffic jam" rating was actually correct.
- curve b shows the frequency distribution for those individual reports that due to the automatic evaluation in the "floating cars" not applicable as a traffic jam message have been interpreted.
- congestion single messages with an extraordinarily high confidence factor of about 0.4 or greater Have reliability because very few single messages with higher Confidence factor F can be incorrectly classified in this category.
Description
- S
- die Indexmenge der Geschwindigkeitsmessungen im Zuge der Sensordatenermittlung (vorzugsweise die einem Stauereignis zugeordnete Indexmenge),
- N
- die Mächtigkeit dieser Indexmenge und
- ti
- die Zeiten, zu denen Geschwindigkeitsmessungen durchgeführt wurden.
Anhand der erfaßten Geschwindigkeitsgrößen nimmt die Datenverarbeitungseinrichtung eine klassifizierende Interpretation der Verkehrslage in der Fahrzeugumgebung vor, wobei diese Interpretation zumindest die Klasse "verkehrsbedingte Störung" (Stau) umfaßt. Femer bildet die Datenverarbeitungseinrichtung anhand der erfaßten Geschwindigkeitsgrößen einen Vertrauensfaktor F, der ein Maß für die Welligkeit des zeitlichen Profils der Geschwindigkeitsgrößen für den Zeitraum darstellt, auf den sich die Einzelmeldung jeweils bezieht, also insbesondere für das Zeitintervall zum Durchfahren eines Staus. Schließlich stellt die Datenverarbeitungseinrichtung die über die Kommunikationseinrichtung an die Zentrale zu übermittelnden Einzelmeldungen in der Weise zusammen, daß diese mindestens jeweils die klassifizierende Interpretation der Verkehrslage in der Fahrzeugumgebung und den Vertrauensfaktor F umfassen.
- Fig. 1
- Schema eines Verkehrslageerfassungssystems,
- Fig. 2
- Häufigkeitsverteilungen für wahre und unwahre Staumeldungen in Abhängigkeit vom Vertrauensfaktor F.
Datenverarbeitungseinrichtung des "floating car" einem Speicher entnommen werden, der in Fig. 1 mit "Voreinstellung Konfiguration" bezeichnet ist. Über einen Sender/Empfänger (Kommunikation) für den drahtlosen Datenaustausch mit der Zentrale können die Voreinstellungen bei Bedarf geändert werden. Die Datenverarbeitungseinrichtung des "floating car" nimmt anhand der über die Sensorik erfaßten Geschwindigkeitsgrößen im Sinne der vorliegenden Erfindung eine klassifizierende Interpretation der Verkehrssituation in der Fahrzeugumgebung vor und ermittelt hierfür den Vertrauensfaktor F. Die Interpretation der Verkehrssituation, insbesondere die zur Klasse "verkehrsbedingte Störung" gehörenden Staumeldungen werden als Einzelmeldungen jeweils zusammen mit dem ermittelten Vertrauensfaktor über den Funktionsblock "Kommunikation" an die Zentrale übermittelt. Der Sender/Empfänger der Zentrale, der ebenfalls durch einen Funktionsblock "Kommunikation" symbolisiert ist, nimmt die übermittelten Einzelmeldungen auf und speichert sie. Aus dem mit "Voreinstellung Konfiguration" bezeichneten Funktionsblock der Zentrale kann bei Bedarf ein Datensatz für eine Änderung der Voreinstellwerte in den "floating cars" entnommen werden. Die in der Zentrale vorhandene nicht näher dargestellte Datenverarbeitungseinrichtung überprüft jede eingegangene Einzelmeldung anhand des jeweils mit übermittelten zugehörigen Vertrauensfaktors, ob die von dem "floating car" vorgenommene Interpretation der Verkehrslage wahrscheinlich richtig gewesen ist oder ob diese zweifelhaft erscheint. Wie bereits vorstehend erwähnt, kann die Fahrzeuggeschwindigkeit Null nicht nur bei einem durch hohes Verkehrsaufkommen verursachten (verkehrsbedingten) Stau, sondern auch bei einem planmäßigen Halt an einer Raststätte oder auf einem Parkplatz einer Autobahn auftreten. Ein durch hohes Fahrzeugaufkommen entstandener Stau kündigt sich in der Regel durch charakteristische Schwankungen des Geschwindigkeitsprofils an. Dagegen liegt bei einem planmäßigen Halt auf einem Parkplatz oder an einer Raststätte meistens ein relativ glattes Geschwindigkeitsprofil unmittelbar vor diesem Halt vor. Es kann aber auch vorkommen, daß ein plötzlicher Verkehrsstau durch einen Unfall mit anschließender Vollsperrung der Fahrbahn auftritt, wobei bis zum Erreichen des Staus ebenfalls ein relativ glattes Geschwindigkeitsprofil vorliegt. Während das Verfahren der vorliegenden Erfindung im Falle des verkehrsbedingten Staus einen vergleichsweise großen Vertrauensfaktor F (nahe dem Maximalwert 1) ermitteln würde, ergäbe sich bei den beispielhaft erwähnten Fällen eines planmäßigen Halts an einer Raststätte oder eines plötzlichen Unfallstopps ein vergleichsweise niedriger Vertrauensfaktor F. Bei der Vielzahl der in der Zentrale eingehenden Einzelmeldungen ist daher vorgesehen, daß automatisch von der Datenverarbeitungseinrichtung der Zentrale eine Bewertung der Einzelmeldungen anhand des Vertrauensfaktors erfolgt, wobei alle Einzelmeldungen, deren Vertrauensfaktor über einem Schwellenwert von z.B. 0,4 liegt, als richtig interpretiert akzeptiert werden (automatische Auswertung), während alle Einzelmeldungen, die einen geringeren Vertrauensfaktor aufweisen, einer Verkehrsredaktion zur manuellen Bewertung zugeführt werden. Aus den beiden Teilströmen der automatisch ausgewerteten und den von einem Verkehrsredakteur überarbeiteten bzw. abschließend bewerteten Einzelmeldungen werden dann in der Zentrale die Verkehrsinformationen gebildet, die den Verkehrsteilnehmern zur Verfügung gestellt werden können.
Claims (6)
- Verfahren zur Erfassung von Daten über die Verkehrslage in einem Straßennetz, wobei einer Zentrale von einer Mehrzahl von Fahrzeugen, die am Straßenverkehr teilnehmen und ausgestattet sind mit einer Sensorik zur Erfassung verkehrsrelevanter Sensordaten, die zumindest eine die aktuelle Geschwindigkeit v(t) des jeweiligen Fahrzeugs repräsentierende Größe umfassen, in zeitlichen Abständen Einzelmeldungen über die von einer im jeweiligen Fahrzeug angeordneten Datenverarbeitungseinrichtung anhand der erfaßten Sensordaten erkannte aktuelle Verkehrssituation in der Fahrzeugumgebung auf drahtlosem Wege übermittelt werden,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Einzelmeldungen als Bestandteil jeweils neben einer durch die Datenverarbeitungseinrichtung anhand der erfaßten Geschwindigkeitsgrößen vorgenommenen klassifizierenden Interpretation der Verkehrssituation, die zumindest die Klasse "verkehrsbedingte Störung" umfaßt, auch einen Vertrauensfaktor F beinhalten, der ein Maß für die Welligkeit des zeitlichen Profils der Geschwindigkeitsgrößen, insbesondere der Fahrzeuggeschwindigkeit v(t), für den Zeitraum darstellt, auf den sich die Einzelmeldung jeweils bezieht. - Verfahren nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß der Vertrauensfaktor F dadurch gebildet wird, daß die angenäherte Länge des Graphen v(t) über den Zeitraum, auf den sich die Einzelmeldung bezieht, berechnet und die Länge des Graphen v(t) anschließend mit Hilfe einer vorgegebenen Referenzgeschwindigkeit und der bei der Sensordatenermittlung angewendeten Meßfrequenz f normiert wird. - Verfahren nach Anspruch 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß als Referenzgeschwindigkeit eine vorgegebene minimale Fahrzeuggeschwindigkeit vmin herangezogen wird, die gleichzeitig als Schwellenwert zur Erkennung einer verkehrsbedingten Störung dient. - Verfahren nach Anspruch 2 oder 3,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Referenzgeschwindigkeit durch die Zentrale bei Bedarf verändert und auf drahtlosem Wege an die Fahrzeuge übermittelt wird. - Verfahren nach Anspruch 3 oder 4,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß der Vertrauensfaktor F nach folgender Beziehung ermittelt wird: wobei- S
- S die Indexmenge der Geschwindigkeitsmessungen im Zuge der Sensordatenermittlung, insbesondere die einem Stauereignis zugeordnete Indexmenge,
- N
- die Mächtigkeit dieser Indexmenge und
- ti
- die Zeiten sind, zu denen Geschwindigkeitsmessungen durchgeführt wurden.
- Einrichtung in einem Fahrzeug zur Erfassung und Übermittlung von Verkehrslagedaten, miteiner Sensorik zur Erfassung von Daten, die zumindest für die aktuelle Fahrzeuggeschwindigkeit repräsentative Daten umfassen,einer Datenverarbeitungseinrichtung, die an die Sensorik angeschlossen ist undeiner Kommunikationseinrichtung für die drahtlose Übermittlung von Einzelmeldungen, die für die aktuelle Verkehrslage in der Fahrzeugumgebung kennzeichnend sind, an eine Zentrale,
daß die Datenverarbeitungseinrichtung eine Programmierung aufweist,die eine klassifizierende Interpretation der Verkehrslage in der Fahrzeugumgebung, die zumindest die Klasse "verkehrsbedingte Störung" umfaßt, anhand der erfaßten Geschwindigkeitsgrößen vornimmt,die anhand der erfaßten Geschwindigkeitsgrößen einen Vertrauensfaktor F ermittelt, der ein Maß für die Welligkeit des zeitlichen Profils der Geschwindigkeitsgrößen für den Zeitraum darstellt, auf den sich die Einzelmeldung jeweils bezieht, unddie vorsieht, daß die über die Kommunikationseinrichtung übermittelten Einzelmeldungen mindestens jeweils die klassifizierende Interpretation und den Vertrauensfaktor F umfassen.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19606301 | 1996-02-08 | ||
DE19606301 | 1996-02-08 | ||
PCT/DE1997/000229 WO1997029471A1 (de) | 1996-02-08 | 1997-01-29 | Verfahren und einrichtung zur erfassung von daten über die verkehrslage |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0879460A1 EP0879460A1 (de) | 1998-11-25 |
EP0879460B1 true EP0879460B1 (de) | 1999-12-22 |
Family
ID=7785915
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP97914127A Expired - Lifetime EP0879460B1 (de) | 1996-02-08 | 1997-01-29 | Verfahren und einrichtung zur erfassung von daten über die verkehrslage |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6092020A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0879460B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2000504860A (de) |
AT (1) | ATE188059T1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE59700887D1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO1997029471A1 (de) |
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US8818380B2 (en) | 2004-07-09 | 2014-08-26 | Israel Feldman | System and method for geographically locating a cellular phone |
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1997
- 1997-01-29 JP JP9528050A patent/JP2000504860A/ja active Pending
- 1997-01-29 WO PCT/DE1997/000229 patent/WO1997029471A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 1997-01-29 US US09/117,941 patent/US6092020A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-01-29 DE DE59700887T patent/DE59700887D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-01-29 AT AT97914127T patent/ATE188059T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-01-29 EP EP97914127A patent/EP0879460B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US9552725B2 (en) | 2000-08-28 | 2017-01-24 | Inrix Global Services Limited | Method and system for modeling and processing vehicular traffic data and information and applying thereof |
US8818380B2 (en) | 2004-07-09 | 2014-08-26 | Israel Feldman | System and method for geographically locating a cellular phone |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE59700887D1 (de) | 2000-01-27 |
ATE188059T1 (de) | 2000-01-15 |
WO1997029471A1 (de) | 1997-08-14 |
JP2000504860A (ja) | 2000-04-18 |
US6092020A (en) | 2000-07-18 |
EP0879460A1 (de) | 1998-11-25 |
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