EP0960411B1 - Verfahren zur bestimmung von verkehrsdaten und verkehrsinformationszentrale - Google Patents
Verfahren zur bestimmung von verkehrsdaten und verkehrsinformationszentrale Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0960411B1 EP0960411B1 EP98912237A EP98912237A EP0960411B1 EP 0960411 B1 EP0960411 B1 EP 0960411B1 EP 98912237 A EP98912237 A EP 98912237A EP 98912237 A EP98912237 A EP 98912237A EP 0960411 B1 EP0960411 B1 EP 0960411B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- vehicle
- data
- speeds
- traffic
- stationary detector
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
- G08G1/00—Traffic control systems for road vehicles
- G08G1/01—Detecting movement of traffic to be counted or controlled
- G08G1/0104—Measuring and analyzing of parameters relative to traffic conditions
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for determining traffic data and a Traffic Information Center.
- EP-A-0 755 039 discloses a method in which a center detects the driving activity relevant data transmitted both from vehicles and from fixed detectors gets.
- the control center determines current data from the data determined by the vehicles Traffic flows and from it by extrapolation and taking into account that of the Fixed detectors received data about future forecasts Traffic development.
- the data obtained interpolate to vehicle speeds To get in certain places at certain times does not result from this.
- the object of the invention is therefore to create a simple and efficient method for determining traffic data at places of interest a transport network taking into account both the mean Vehicle data relating to the speed of a vehicle also from each the average speed of several vehicles on a stationary detector relevant stationary detector data. This task is accomplished through the procedure according to claim 1 and a traffic information center according to claim 12 solved.
- Traffic data to be determined within the meaning of claim 1 can in particular average vehicle speeds at points of interest in a transport network and / or determined from this and possibly further additional information Congestion indicators (free, stagnant, very stagnant, congestion). Places of interest one Traffic network can be places, in particular, about their traffic situation, congestion indicators in particular, drivers want data; can also places of interest branches, access roads, intersections and / or ends of Street segments of a street in a digital edge. If in one place no FCD data is currently available, an interpolation from data of at least two stationary detectors are used. If only FCD data is available in one location, FCD data from at least two vehicles are interpolated.
- the interpolation is based on data from at least one vehicle and data from at least one stationary detector, possibly each of several. You can also use a tightly defined one, for example Variety of locations traffic data, especially the traffic jam, can be determined and Drivers only significant traffic data, such as emerging, existing or yourself resolving traffic jams etc. are transmitted.
- the calculation of vehicle speeds, especially of average vehicle speeds, at one each point of interest is expediently carried out by a program which is in a Computer of a traffic information center runs.
- a location can be a weighting of vehicle detector data and / or Stationary detector data take place.
- the weighting can be due to Experience values take place. This can affect the quality of the results of the procedure be optimized.
- the speed is determined at the current time at a point of interest by linear Interpolation of two spatially and / or temporally adjacent speed values Stationary detector data and / or from vehicle data. It is also an interpolation of more than two speed values possible.
- the linear interpolation of Velocities v (x, t) is the easiest to calculate Interpolation and gives relatively low errors. In contrast there are interpolations higher order more computationally intensive and only deliver slightly better results.
- FCD Vehicle data
- FCD Vehicle data
- Traffic jam indicator free, stagnant, very stagnant, traffic jam etc.
- Traffic jam between A and B on the A8 is also useful to determine and output traffic information ("Traffic jam between A and B on the A8” or the like), especially in traffic jam reports Traffic network segments due to several, especially these Traffic network segments assigned to specific traffic jam indicators (such as 1. "Traffic jam at A on A8 "and 2.” Traffic jam at B on A8 "and possibly other local traffic jam indicators other places of interest). So the traffic information is on Road users can be compressed. Preferably be the program at the head office is only significant according to predefinable criteria assessed traffic information (such as traffic jams).
- the intervals in which vehicles their average Determine and transmit speed suitably affect 1 to 20 minutes. especially 10 min .; the time span within which a stationary detector in each case the average speeds of vehicles passing through it determined and on transmitted to a center is expedient 5 to 300 sec., in particular 30 sec.
- a traffic information center has a computer, a Input device, in particular in the form of a radio receiver, for vehicle data and stationary detector data, and a computer with a program for Implementation of the method according to the invention. It creates with the program to carry out the method according to the invention simply, inexpensively and efficient traffic data, especially average speeds and / or from them determinable traffic jam indicators for places of interest in a transport network based on vehicle data and stationary detector data.
- Fig. 1 shows a spatial section of a traffic network, namely one Section of a motorway "A8", with stationary detectors 1, 2 and vehicles 3 to 8.
- the control center 9 also shown has a receiver 10 for stationary Detectors 1, 2 transmitted 11, 12 stationary detector data and from mobile Detectors in vehicles transmitted 13.14 vehicle data (FCD), a computer 15 with a program for further processing of incoming data according to the invention and a connection for a transmitter 16 for transmitting traffic reports 17 all or certain road users.
- the transmitter 16 can be a mobile radio transmitter his; it can also be a radio transmitter, in particular RDS / TMC or DAT.
- Average vehicle speeds at points of interest should be one Traffic network can be determined.
- These places of interest can be a variety of places with a certain grid of the transport network or only certain ones Places such as certain lane segments, intersections, congestion centers, etc.
- both of stationary detectors 1; 2 at their fixed position x 1 ; x 2 measured stationary detector data relating to the average speed of all in a period of time at this detector 1; 2 passing vehicles (here driving on the left side of the road) 3; 3 to 6, as well as the average speed of a mobile detector in each of a vehicle 7,8 during a period of time are taken into account for the calculation of traffic data, in particular average speeds at points of interest in a traffic network by the center 9.
- the stationary detector 1 has in FIG 1 the speeds v 3 , v 4 , v 5 are measured.
- the stationary detector 2 has measured the speed v 3 of the vehicle 3 in FIG. 1.
- the mobile detector in the vehicle 7 has determined the average speed v 7 of the vehicle 7 over a period of time.
- the mobile detector 8 has determined the average speed v 8 of the vehicle 8 over a period of time.
- the problem here is that the data from the stationary detectors speed many vehicles at a certain point at different times and the Vehicle data (FCD) mobile detectors the speed of one Vehicle during a certain period of time.
- FCD Vehicle data
- the stationary detector data are changed from the stationary detectors 1, 2 in here to 30 sec. specified time spans for each passing one detector Vehicles averaged and transferred to a central office.
- the transmission 11, 12 can by landline or as here by radio, in particular mobile radio, in particular GSM, respectively.
- the vehicle data FCD
- the transmission takes place 13; 14 of averages for a period of time Speeds of one vehicle 7; 8 in 10 minute periods.
- the stationary detectors as well as for the mobile detectors in vehicles other periods can be chosen than here; the increases Accuracy of the forecast for short periods, while for long ones Time spans reduce communication costs.
- Vehicle data and stationary detector data are not completely spatially and temporally.
- an interpolation of existing vehicle data and stationary detector data For this purpose, the in each case relating to the speeds of a vehicle within a period of time Vehicle data of this vehicle assigned to associated locations in the transport network. This can be done particularly simply in that the vehicle data Vehicle in each case at least one specific position of the road segment, in to which the vehicle is located; in particular is one Assignment of the vehicle speed to the beginning, middle or end of the current one Street segment of this vehicle possible. The resulting error falls not too serious in weight.
- the linear interpolation is illustrated by the sketch in FIG. 3 using an example.
- the average speed of vehicles is to be determined at time t 18 .
- the average speed v of vehicles at this location of interest x 18 at time t 18 is determined from spatially and / or temporally adjacent vehicle data and / or stationary detector data by interpolation, here linear interpolation.
- the location is represented by the arrow pointing to the right
- the time is represented by the arrow t pointing to the top right
- the average vehicle speed is represented by the arrow v pointing vertically upwards.
- the average vehicle speed at the location of interest 18 is to be determined by interpolating the vehicle speeds of two locations between which the location of interest lies. If necessary, another interpolation method can be used and / or more than two locations can be included with regard to their vehicle data and / or stationary detector data.
- the average vehicle speed of the vehicle 7 within a certain period of time and the average speed of the vehicles passing the detector 1 within a different period of time are taken into account without weighting.
- the vehicle data representing the average speed v 7 of the vehicle 7 are assigned to the segment end 17 of the segment of the traffic network in which the vehicle 7 is located; Such a segment end 17 can be located, for example, at a junction 19 from a street A8, an intersection, etc. or can be selected arbitrarily by dividing the street A8.
- the speed at a point of interest is calculated here by arithmetically averaging the speeds v 7 and v 1 , which can correspond to a straight line between these two points v 7 (x 17 , t 7 ) and v 1 (x 1 , t 1 ). If the location of interest is not exactly between two values v 7 and v 1 , an arithmetic averaging can nevertheless be carried out or a linearly stronger weighting of the closer spatial value. In addition, certain data can in principle be weighted more. For example, stationary detector data can be weighted more than vehicle data.
- Interpolation can be used for a variety of locations of interest Transport network are carried out. Places of interest can follow different criteria can be selected. For example, a selection of in each case possible locations spaced apart from one another by a certain value. Further is also a selection of specific locations, such as stagnation points, branches, Crossings and / or street segment ends etc. possible.
- Traffic data v (x 18 , t 18 ) etc. can be summarized for several places of interest.
- traffic data in particular average vehicle speeds
- a reduced vehicle speed and / or an increased fluctuation in the vehicle speed may occur at several past times. This indicates slow traffic or even traffic jams.
- the section between A and B of the A8 motorway of the transport network can be assigned the value "counting fluent" as a congestion indicator.
- This can be transmitted from the traffic control center 9 to one or more transmitters 16 and can be broadcast by this or these transmitters via public channels and / or private channels with or without encryption as information for vehicle drivers.
- the traffic information center 9 here comprises a receiver 10, at Mobile communication additionally a transmitter for incoming vehicle data and Stationary detector data from mobile detectors 7, 8 and stationary detectors 1, 2.
- the control center 9 also comprises a computer with a program for carrying it out of the method according to the invention, which runs in this computer. With this Program calculates traffic data, especially average speeds points of interest and / or traffic jam indicators at these places of interest or some of the places of interest are sent to at least one transmitter 16 transmitted.
- step S1 vehicle data (FCD) from mobile Detectors in vehicles and stationary detector data from stationary detectors, for example loops, detected and transmitted to the control center 9.
- step S2 the vehicle data and stationary detector data are weighted in the control center 9 interpolated spatially and temporally for places of interest.
- step S3 these are followed by Interpolation obtained traffic data, especially medium Vehicle speeds discretized at places of interest and Congestion indicators (e.g. "free", "viscous", “very viscous", “congestion”) one or one Assigned group of places of interest.
- S3 Additional information, such as the proportion of trucks in certain lanes, construction sites, etc. especially data acquired through experience.
- step S4 traffic data, especially congestion indicators for certain locations of the Transport network summarized for the network. They are also encoded here so that only certain road users can evaluate them after receipt.
- step S5 the traffic data, in particular congestion indicators, by a Traffic information service sent to vehicles etc. Sending can for example via radio stations. The transmission is also via Radio stations possible with encryption. The keys can do that Road users are handed over in different ways.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Traffic Control Systems (AREA)
Description
- Fig. 1
- schematisch die erfindungsgemäße Bestimmung von Verkehrsdaten in einem ausschnittweise dargestellten Verkehrsnetz mit mobilen und stationären Detektoren und einer Zentrale,
- Fig. 2
- als grobes Flußdiagramm die Erfassung und Weiterverarbeitung von Fahrzeugdaten und Stationärdetektordaten und
- Fig. 3
- schematisch ein Beispiel einer räumlich-zeitlichen Interpolation.
Claims (12)
- Verfahren zur Bestimmung von Verkehrsdaten (v) an interessierenden Orten (x18, x1, x17...) eines Verkehrsnetzes (A8) aus an eine Zentrale (9)von mehreren Fahrzeugen (7,8) übermittelten Fahrzeugdaten (v7;v8) zu über eine Zeitspanne gemittelten Geschwindigkeiten (v7,v8) jeweils eines Fahrzeuges (v7)von Stationärdetektoren (1,2) übermittelten Stationärdetektordaten (11,12) jeweils über die mittlere Geschwindigkeit (v3 bis v5; v3) von einen Stationärdetektor (1;2) in einer Zeitspanne passierenden Fahrzeugen (3 bis 5; 3).Zuordnung der als Fahrzeugdaten an eine Zentrale (9) übermittelten (13;14) Geschwindigkeiten (v7, v8) zu definierten Orten (x17) im Verkehrsnetz (A8) undBerechnung (15) von Fahrzeuggeschwindigkeiten (v18) an jeweils einem interessierenden Ort (x18) durch Interpolation (Fig. 3) von mindestens zwei Fahrzeugdaten (v3 - v5; v3; v7; v8), nämlich von an mindestens jeweils einem Ort (x1, x2) im Verkehrsnetz (A8) gemessenen Stationärdetektordaten (v3 - v5; v3) und von mindestens einem Ort (x17) im Verkehrsnetz (A8) zugeordneten Fahrzeugdaten (v7; v8).
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß bei der Berechnung (15) von Geschwindigkeiten (v18) an interessierenden Orten (x18) eine Gewichtung von Fahrzeugdaten (v7, v8) und/oder von Stationärdetektordaten (v3 bis v5; v3) erfolgt. - Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Bestimmung der Geschwindigkeit (v18) zu einem Zeitpunkt (x18) an jeweils einem interessierenden Ort (x18) durch lineare Interpolation zweier örtlich und/oder zeitlich benachbarter Geschwindigkeitswerte v2 (x2, t2), v7 (x17, t7) erfolgt. - Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß bei der Interpolation Zusatzinformationen mit einbezogen werden. - Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Zuordnung von Fahrzeugdaten (v7) erfolgt durch Definition der in Fahrzeugdaten v7 (x7, t7) jeweils eines Fahrzeuges repräsentierten Geschwindigkeit (v7) als Geschwindigkeit an einer bestimmten Position (x17) des Straßensegmentes, in welchem sich das Fahrzeug (7) aktuell befindet. - Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine Zuordnung eines Staudindikators "Stau") zu interessierenden Orten (x17, x1, x2 usw.) des Verkehrsnetzes aufgrund der berechneten Fahrzeuggeschwindigkeiten und gemessenen Fahrzeuggeschwindigkeiten erfolgt. - Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine Ermittlung und Ausgabe von Vekehrsinformationen, insbesondere Staumeldungen, zu Verkehrsnetzsegmenten aufgrund von mehreren, insbesondere diesen Verkehrsnetzsegmenten örtlich zugeordneten Stauindikatoren erfolgt. - Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Übermittlung von Fahrzeugdaten und/oder Stationärdetektordaten an eine Zentrale (9) per Funk, insbesondere Mobilfunk, insbesondere GSM, erfolgt. - Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß Fahrzeugdaten (v7, v8) über eine längere Zeitspanne (t7, t8) gemittelte Geschwindigkeiten betreffen als Stationärdetektordaten (v1, v2). - Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß Fahrzeugdaten (v7, v8) über eine Zeitspanne (t7, t8) von 10 min. für dieses Fahrzeug (7,8) gemittelt werden. - Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß Stationärdetektordaten (v3i, v3, v4, v5)) über eine Zeitspanne (t1, t2) von 30 sec. bestimmt, gemittelt (v1; v2) und nach dieser Zeitspanne übermittelt (11,12) werden. - Verkehrsinformationszentrale mit einem Rechner (15), einer Eingabevorrichtung (Empfänger 10) für Fahrzeugdaten v7 (x7, t7); v8 (x8, t8) und Stationärdetektordaten v1 (x1, t1); v2 (x2, t2), und einem Programm zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, welche so ausgebildet ist, daß zur Bestimmung von Verkehrsdaten (v) an interessierenden Orten (x18, x1, x17...) eines Verkehrsnetzes (A8) aus an eine Zentrale (9)von mehreren Fahrzeugen (7,8) übermittelten Fahrzeugdaten (v7;v8) zu über eine Zeitspanne gemittelten Geschwindigkeiten (v7,v8) jeweils eines Fahrzeuges (v7)von Stationärdetektoren (1,2) übermittelten Stationärdetektordaten (11,12) jeweils über die mittlere Geschwindigkeit (v3 bis v5; v3) von einen Stationärdetektor (1;2) in einer Zeitspanne passierenden Fahrzeugen (3 bis 5; 3),Zuordnung der als Fahrzeugdaten an eine Zentrale (9) übermittelten (13;14) Geschwindigkeiten (v7, v8) zu definierten Orten (x17) im Verkehrsnetz (A8) undBerechnung (15) von Fahrzeuggeschwindigkeiten (v18) an jeweils einem interessierenden Ort (x18) durch Interpolation (Fig. 3) von mindestens zwei Fahrzeugdaten (v3 - v5; v3; v7; v8), nämlich von an mindestens jeweils einem Ort (x1, x2) im Verkehrsnetz (A8) gemessenen Stationärdetektordaten (v3 - v5; v3) und von mindestens einem Ort (x17) im Verkehrsnetz (A8) zugeordneten Fahrzeugdaten (v7; v8).
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19707344 | 1997-02-14 | ||
DE19707344 | 1997-02-14 | ||
DE19737440A DE19737440A1 (de) | 1997-02-14 | 1997-08-21 | Verfahren zur Bestimmung von Verkehrsdaten und Verkehrsinformationszentrale |
DE19737440 | 1997-08-21 | ||
PCT/DE1998/000441 WO1998036397A1 (de) | 1997-02-14 | 1998-02-10 | Verfahren zur bestimmung von verkehrsdaten und verkehrsinformationszentrale |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0960411A1 EP0960411A1 (de) | 1999-12-01 |
EP0960411B1 true EP0960411B1 (de) | 2002-06-19 |
Family
ID=26034227
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP98912237A Expired - Lifetime EP0960411B1 (de) | 1997-02-14 | 1998-02-10 | Verfahren zur bestimmung von verkehrsdaten und verkehrsinformationszentrale |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6329932B1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP0960411B1 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE219594T1 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2175692T3 (de) |
WO (1) | WO1998036397A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (21)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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ATE299284T1 (de) | 1999-11-11 | 2005-07-15 | Volkswagen Ag | Verfahren zum beschreiben und erzeugen von strassennetzen und strassennetz |
DE10052109B4 (de) * | 1999-11-11 | 2014-10-30 | Deutsche Telekom Ag | Verfahren zum Beschreiben und Erzeugen von Straßennetzen und Straßennetz |
ATE262716T1 (de) * | 2000-07-19 | 2004-04-15 | Volkswagen Ag | Verfahren zur ermittlung von verkehrslageinformationen |
US6587781B2 (en) | 2000-08-28 | 2003-07-01 | Estimotion, Inc. | Method and system for modeling and processing vehicular traffic data and information and applying thereof |
KR100349010B1 (ko) * | 2000-08-28 | 2002-08-14 | 모빌토크(주) | 무선 인터넷 기반의 이동통신단말기를 이용한 실시간 교통정보 제공 방법 |
US6591188B1 (en) * | 2000-11-01 | 2003-07-08 | Navigation Technologies Corp. | Method, system and article of manufacture for identifying regularly traveled routes |
US6804524B1 (en) * | 2000-11-21 | 2004-10-12 | Openwave Systems Inc. | System and method for the acquisition of automobile traffic data through wireless networks |
US7246007B2 (en) * | 2004-03-24 | 2007-07-17 | General Motors Corporation | System and method of communicating traffic information |
US7620402B2 (en) | 2004-07-09 | 2009-11-17 | Itis Uk Limited | System and method for geographically locating a mobile device |
JP4729469B2 (ja) | 2006-11-10 | 2011-07-20 | 日立オートモティブシステムズ株式会社 | 交通情報システム |
US8880323B2 (en) * | 2007-08-16 | 2014-11-04 | Google Inc. | Combining road and vehicle traffic information |
US8718928B2 (en) * | 2008-04-23 | 2014-05-06 | Verizon Patent And Licensing Inc. | Traffic monitoring systems and methods |
GB0901588D0 (en) | 2009-02-02 | 2009-03-11 | Itis Holdings Plc | Apparatus and methods for providing journey information |
EP2330578B1 (de) * | 2009-11-30 | 2015-02-25 | Intelligent Mechatronic Systems Inc. | Verkehrsprofilierung und auf den Straßenverhältnissen basiertes Fahrtzeitberechungssystem mit lokalisierter und kooperativer Beurteilung |
KR101299222B1 (ko) * | 2009-11-30 | 2013-08-22 | 한국전자통신연구원 | 자동차 네트워크에서의 동기화 방법 및 그 장치 |
GB2492369B (en) | 2011-06-29 | 2014-04-02 | Itis Holdings Plc | Method and system for collecting traffic data |
US8744736B2 (en) | 2011-07-28 | 2014-06-03 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Method and apparatus for updating travel time estimation |
JP5796740B2 (ja) * | 2011-12-09 | 2015-10-21 | アイシン・エィ・ダブリュ株式会社 | 交通情報通知システム、交通情報通知プログラム及び交通情報通知方法 |
CN103632546B (zh) * | 2013-11-27 | 2016-01-20 | 中国航天系统工程有限公司 | 一种基于浮动车数据的城市道路交通事故影响预测方法 |
JP6584866B2 (ja) * | 2015-08-24 | 2019-10-02 | 住友電工システムソリューション株式会社 | 交通情報提供装置、コンピュータプログラム及び交通情報提供方法 |
DE102017006684A1 (de) * | 2016-09-12 | 2018-03-15 | Sew-Eurodrive Gmbh & Co Kg | Verfahren und System zur Positionserfassung |
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US5289183A (en) * | 1992-06-19 | 1994-02-22 | At/Comm Incorporated | Traffic monitoring and management method and apparatus |
US5164904A (en) * | 1990-07-26 | 1992-11-17 | Farradyne Systems, Inc. | In-vehicle traffic congestion information system |
SE470367B (sv) * | 1992-11-19 | 1994-01-31 | Kjell Olsson | Sätt att prediktera trafikparametrar |
US5539645A (en) * | 1993-11-19 | 1996-07-23 | Philips Electronics North America Corporation | Traffic monitoring system with reduced communications requirements |
DE69535394T2 (de) * | 1994-12-28 | 2007-10-31 | Omron Corp. | Verkehrsinformationssystem |
DE19526148C2 (de) * | 1995-07-07 | 1997-06-05 | Mannesmann Ag | Verfahren und System zur Prognose von Verkehrsströmen |
DE19606258C1 (de) * | 1996-02-06 | 1997-04-30 | Mannesmann Ag | Fahrzeugautonome Detektion von Verkehrsstau |
ATE188059T1 (de) * | 1996-02-08 | 2000-01-15 | Mannesmann Ag | Verfahren und einrichtung zur erfassung von daten über die verkehrslage |
-
1998
- 1998-02-10 ES ES98912237T patent/ES2175692T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-02-10 US US09/367,551 patent/US6329932B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-02-10 EP EP98912237A patent/EP0960411B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-02-10 AT AT98912237T patent/ATE219594T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-02-10 WO PCT/DE1998/000441 patent/WO1998036397A1/de active IP Right Grant
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US6329932B1 (en) | 2001-12-11 |
EP0960411A1 (de) | 1999-12-01 |
WO1998036397A1 (de) | 1998-08-20 |
ES2175692T3 (es) | 2002-11-16 |
ATE219594T1 (de) | 2002-07-15 |
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