Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
  • B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
  • B03B9/00—General arrangement of separating plant, e.g. flow sheets
  • B03B9/06—General arrangement of separating plant, e.g. flow sheets specially adapted for refuse
  • B03B9/061—General arrangement of separating plant, e.g. flow sheets specially adapted for refuse the refuse being industrial
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
  • B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
  • B29B17/02—Separating plastics from other materials
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
  • B29K2705/00—Use of metals, their alloys or their compounds, for preformed parts, e.g. for inserts
  • B29K2705/02—Aluminium
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
  • B29K2705/00—Use of metals, their alloys or their compounds, for preformed parts, e.g. for inserts
  • B29K2705/08—Transition metals
  • B29K2705/12—Iron
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
  • B29K2711/00—Use of natural products or their composites, not provided for in groups B29K2601/00 - B29K2709/00, for preformed parts, e.g. for inserts
  • B29K2711/12—Paper, e.g. cardboard
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
  • B29L2007/00—Flat articles, e.g. films or sheets
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
  • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
  • B29L2031/712—Containers; Packaging elements or accessories, Packages
  • B29L2031/7158—Bottles
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
  • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
  • G01N33/44—Resins; Plastics; Rubber; Leather
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
  • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
  • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
  • Y02W30/52—Mechanical processing of waste for the recovery of materials, e.g. crushing, shredding, separation or disassembly
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
  • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
  • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
  • Y02W30/62—Plastics recycling; Rubber recycling

Definitions

• the invention relates to a method for the dry separation of collective waste with packaging waste, which contain plastics of different polymer groups, in a material stream to be freed from impurities step by step, which has the following process steps: separation of the materials due to size differences, separation of the materials due to differences in grain shape, grain size and / or specific gravity, separating the materials due to differences in their magnetic properties, separating the materials due to differences in their electrical properties, separating the materials due to differences in their spectroscopic properties, each separation step being carried out at least once.
• the invention also relates to a device for performing such a method.
• packaging waste is sales packaging with a plastic content, plastic containers, relatively dimensionally stable plastic cups and trays, foils, tin and tinplate containers, aluminum-containing packaging, liquid and beverage cartons, with and without aluminum content, but this packaging waste itself contaminates or also as household waste are mixed with residual waste.
• Residual waste components such as pieces of glass and ceramics, plant and food waste, diapers, etc., cannot be recycled in the sense of this invention. They are either recycled separately, as is known for glass and paper, or they contain no recyclable components, such as plant and food waste.
• mixed plastics or “mixed plastic fraction” is to be understood as a fraction largely freed from large plastic films, but which may still contain smaller film residues and also bottles.
• This definition takes account of the fact that the composition of the types of plastic has changed in recent years, so that the specification of the dual system that is still valid can no longer take into account the facts.
• production-related visual features such as "bottle” correspond less and less with defined types of plastic, such as "HDPE” (high-density polyethylene). The consequence of this is that the interfaces for plastics processing and plastics recycling are increasingly depicted inadequate in the product specifications.
• a sorting system from Trienekens which is described in the conference book “Identiplast” (April 26-28, 1999, Brussels) under the title “High volume plastics identification and sorting - practical experiences”, first separates packaging waste in a drum screen from which the fraction below 320 mm is freed of ferromagnetic constituents with an overband magnet, the fraction smaller than 120 mm is freed from the fraction on a further drum sieve, the sieve overflow being fed to an air classifier.
• the heavy air fraction of the air classifier is separated via a cascade of successive automatic sorting devices that take polymer-specific plastic objects out of the material flow with NIR. In the same way, paper and cardboard as well as aluminum are separated at the end of the cascade to separate polymer-specific plastics.
• the user and innovation forum environmental technology AIFU economic area Heilbronn presents on its website (http://www.aifu.de) a partially automated sorting procedure for collections from the recycling bag, in which a wind screening is used first Light fraction is generated, which is classified into a coarse fraction and a fine fraction in a drum sieve, the separation size being approximately 180 mm.
• the coarse fraction contains plastic films.
• the fine fraction is subjected to magnetic separation.
• the non-ferrous metals are sorted out, for example using an eddy current separator.
• the aluminum-containing beverage cartons are extracted from this valuable fraction by means of automatic sorting.
• the waste is freed of its fine fraction in a downstream screening drum.
• the remaining waste stream is fed to a partially automated sorting line.
• valuable materials, including plastics are sorted out, the assignment of individual valuable materials being carried out by the selection by human hands and being communicated to the robot via a touch-sensitive display.
• a purely manual selection is carried out.
• the Thyssen-Henschel process described in "Circular economy based on the model of the packaging ordinance: Studies on implementation and perspectives with special consideration of processing technology and waste management aspects", Joachim Christiani, Shaker Verlag 1997, Aachen, pages 52, 53, enables an essentially machine carried out separation of packaging waste.
• the material flow is separated in the drum screen, which has a mesh size, so that large-area foils are enriched in the screen overflow, which are cleaned in a downstream air classifier with separation of large-volume, dimensionally stable ingredients.
• the classifier light goods essentially consist of foils, the classifier heavy goods are removed as sorting residue.
• Non-ferrous ingredients containing metal are separated from the sieve passage with the help of overband magnets and eddy current separators.
• the non-ferrous ingredients are separated in a subsequent sieve classification, whereby aluminum-coated composite cartons are enriched in the sieve overflow, other aluminum-containing packaging in the sieve passage.
• the eddy current separator outlet is subjected to a first automatic certification, whereby liquid cartons not coated with aluminum are to be sorted out, which are combined with aluminum-containing liquid cartons after pneumatic ejection.
• the fractions initially generated with liquid cartons or aluminum-containing materials are manually re-sorted for incorrect entries before they are pressed as a finished product.
• the remaining material flow is also led over a sorting platform, from which paper and cardboard and their composites are manually extracted at a third reading place.
• the material passing through the reading cabin alstrom is subjected to a further wind classification, which produces a mixed plastic fraction as light material.
• the classifier heavy goods are fed to a two-stage automatic picking with NIR (near infrared) detection via a so-called roller bench, fine screening and acceleration belt.
• the products of these separation stages are hollow bodies made of polyethylene and other types of plastic apart from polyvinyl chloride.
• the passages from the roller bank and sieve occur as residues with the outgoings of the automatic caching.
• WO99 / 34927 An automatic preparation process is described in WO99 / 34927.
• materials are taken out of the waste stream at several stations in automatic sorting facilities.
• the device of WO99 / 34927 uses separating devices at three locations, which work with optical recognition of geometric shapes, NIR spectroscopy, through light recognition or color recognition and each pull mixed plastic sorted from the mass flow according to polymer groups.
• known separation processes aim to selectively separate individual substance classes from the entire mass flow by means of separation steps connected in series.
• valuable materials are separated from the entire mass flow on the basis of their magnetic or electrical properties, on their flight behavior in wind classifiers or on the basis of their absorption behavior, for example for near-infrared radiation.
• a device for performing the method is specified in claim 8. According to the invention it is provided that the separation of components of the collective waste leads to a remaining mass flow which contains non-recyclable household waste components - also referred to as residual waste - and plastic articles from which the plastic articles are collectively separated as a mixed plastic fraction, and the mixed plastic fraction using polymer-specific separation processes selectively in essential polymer-specific fractions is separated.
• Air sifting is one way of separating materials based on differences in grain shape, grain size and / or specific weight. The grain shape plays the most important role in wind sighting.
• the polymer-specific separation of the mixed plastic fraction can be carried out using NIR spectroscopy. It is particularly preferred to remove film components that may have remained from the collectively separated mixed plastic fraction, since these would interfere with the subsequent selective separation.
• the essentially polymer-specific fractions obtained in the separation are preferably collected separately in buffer silos.
• the buffer silos can be emptied individually alternately and their polymer-specific composition fed to a subsequent check. This check can be a manual sorting.
• the device for dry processing of waste with packaging waste generates a mixture of non-recyclable residual waste and mixed plastic fraction with the help of sieves, air classifiers, magnetic separators, eddy current separators and devices for separating the materials due to differences in their spectroscopic properties, with a sorting device being provided further downstream.
• a sorting device which collectively withdraws the mixed plastic fraction from the mixture and makes it available to a module for sorting the mixed plastic fraction according to polymer groups, the module having at least one separating device working with near-infrared spectroscopy, which selectively sorts the mixed plastic fraction according to essentially sorted polymer groups.
• This separating device can be preceded by an air classifier or a bias tape, the heavy fraction of which is fed to the separating device.
• a buffer can also be arranged downstream of the separating device for each polymer group.
• the entire material flow is separated out, if necessary, by large-area foils and in particular non-plastics, e.g. Iron and non-ferrous metals, a fraction of residual waste and various plastic items, such as Plastic cups and bowls produced.
• non-plastics e.g. Iron and non-ferrous metals
• a Miscli plastic fraction is withdrawn collectively by separating the plastic articles from the residual waste, for example by a simple spectroscopic method, e.g. works with NIR.
• This Mischki fraction is now largely free of residual waste and is now selectively separated into individual polymer groups.
• NIR spectroscopy is particularly suitable for this selective separation, which generates essentially single-variety or highly enriched fractions of certain types of plastic, for example polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyethylene terephthalate, etc.
• these highly enriched plastic fractions are temporarily stored in individual buffer containers until they are alternately emptied individually and fed to a follow-up inspection by means of only one conveyor device.
• the follow-up inspection can consist, for example, of manual re-sorting in order to achieve a higher purity of the plastic grades. It is particularly advantageous in the follow-up inspection of the alternately supplied highly enriched types of plastic after their automatic selective separation that only one control device or one person is required for manual re-sorting, so that each highly enriched type of plastic can be fed to the same control station.
• the method according to the invention thus describes a collective-selective sorting, that is to say after the removal of large-area foils, non-plastic materials are deliberately removed from the mass flow, so that plastics and residual waste remain and the throughput to be processed for the subsequent selective separation of individual polymer groups compared to the known methods is approximately Is reduced by 60 to 70%.
• the residual waste in the remaining mass flow is collectively separated from the plastic articles and can be re-checked, for example, manually, in order to sort out any remaining valuable materials.
• the new process also leads to a modular option for adding to existing plants, while the processes described in the prior art entail far-reaching restructuring of existing plants.
• the device for carrying out the entire separation process has at least one conventional sieve, for example a bar sieve, from which the coarse fraction is fed to a conventional air classifier.
• the heavy fraction of the air classifier is taken over by a magnetic separator, which in particular sorts out tinplate.
• the stream of material freed from the metal reaches an automatic separating device (autosort system) which, for example with optical recognition, is suitable for separating beverage cartons.
• autosort system automatic separating device
• the material stream cleaned in this way arrives in an eddy current separator which removes the non-ferrous metals.
• the remaining part of the mass flow now consists of residual waste, such as glass and ceramic fragments, diapers, coffee grounds and other household waste components, as well as plastic articles, such as plastic cups, trays and tubes.
• the proportion of non-plastic household waste is around 70% by weight and the proportion of plastic articles is around 30% by weight.
• the plastic articles can now be separated collectively from the household waste components by means of a relatively coarse optical detection system, for example NIR spectroscopy.
• the mixed plastic fraction now obtained is identified by optical sorting processes, for example polymer-specific spectroscopic processes, and is selectively separated off.
• the mixed plastic fraction is freed from remaining residual foils by air separation prior to its selective separation, so that relatively structurally stable plastic articles remain.
• the light packaging material which is usually supplied in bags or bales, is automatically opened by a container opener 10 and placed in a drum sieve 12 with a hole opening of approximately 200 mm.
• the coarse fraction of the drum screen 12 i.e. H. Materials with grain sizes over 200 mm mainly consist of plastic films that are discharged to the control station 100 and then treated separately.
• the fine fraction from the drum screen 12 passes into another drum screen 14 with a hole diameter of approximately 50 mm.
• the coarse fraction from the drum screen 14 is passed to an air classifier 20, where gravity separation takes place.
• the light goods mainly film residues and the like, are also removed to the control station 100 and collected as “residual mixed plastic”. The majority of the disruptive foils are removed.
• the invention is not concerned with the sorting of such films, in particular large-area films.
• the fine fraction from the drum screen 14 reaches a vibrating screen 16 with a hole diameter of approximately 20 mm and is dedusted there.
• the removed fine waste is disposed of.
• the coarse fraction from the vibrating sieve 16 is given to a magnetic separator 30 together with the heavy fraction from the air classifier 20.
• Magnetic metals are removed here, mainly tinplate, which is processed in a can press 32 for transport and is available again as a valuable material.
• the remaining material flow arrives in an auto sorting system 40, which optically recognizes beverage packaging and removes it via the control station 100.
• a downstream eddy current separator 42 the separated fraction of which mainly consists of aluminum, is used to remove non-ferrous metals and is also temporarily stored via control station 100 for further use.
• an optical separating device for example an auto sorting system 50 for plastic known per se, is connected downstream.
• the collectively separated mixed plastic fraction enters module 60 for selective separation into individual polymer groups.
• the separated residues from the car sorting system 50 are discarded via the control station 100 as unusable. eliminated. It can be provided that bottles are separated out of the separated mixed plastic stream that comes from the auto sorting system 50, for example via a shape recognition.
• the module 60 consists, for example, of an air classifier 62, which represents a post-cleaning stage and separates out any remaining plastic films and other flat components, which are then guided as light goods to the “residual mixed plastics”.
• the heavy material from the air classifier 62 reaches an NIR Module 64, where the spectroscopic separation into the individual polymer groups takes place, for example polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET).
• the polymer groups each enter a buffer 64 and are passed intermittently to the control station 100 ,
• a bias bias belt can also be used, on which the foils are held and transported upwards.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Combined Means For Separation Of Solids (AREA)
• Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
• Separation, Recovery Or Treatment Of Waste Materials Containing Plastics (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

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• 2000
  • 2000-05-17 DE DE2000124309 patent/DE10024309A1/de not_active Ceased
• 2001
  • 2001-05-09 EP EP01943067A patent/EP1289720A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2001-05-09 WO PCT/DE2001/001799 patent/WO2001087567A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2001-05-09 BR BR0110693A patent/BR0110693A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2001-05-09 CN CN01809172A patent/CN1443107A/zh active Pending
  • 2001-05-09 AU AU65780/01A patent/AU6578001A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2001-05-09 US US10/275,551 patent/US20030183705A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2001-05-09 JP JP2001584004A patent/JP2004516163A/ja active Pending
  • 2001-05-15 AR ARP010102307 patent/AR028568A1/es unknown
  • 2001-05-17 TW TW90111801A patent/TW491732B/zh active
• 2003
  • 2003-09-12 HK HK03106582.8A patent/HK1055577A1/zh unknown

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