EP1246294B1 - Aktive Breitband-Fahrzeugempfangsantenne - Google Patents

Aktive Breitband-Fahrzeugempfangsantenne Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1246294B1
EP1246294B1 EP02004597.7A EP02004597A EP1246294B1 EP 1246294 B1 EP1246294 B1 EP 1246294B1 EP 02004597 A EP02004597 A EP 02004597A EP 1246294 B1 EP1246294 B1 EP 1246294B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
antenna
frequency
low
effect transistor
field effect
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP02004597.7A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1246294A2 (de
EP1246294A3 (de
Inventor
Heinz Lindenmeier
Jochen Hopf
Leopold Reiter
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Delphi Delco Electronics Europe GmbH
Original Assignee
Delphi Delco Electronics Europe GmbH
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Delphi Delco Electronics Europe GmbH filed Critical Delphi Delco Electronics Europe GmbH
Publication of EP1246294A2 publication Critical patent/EP1246294A2/de
Publication of EP1246294A3 publication Critical patent/EP1246294A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1246294B1 publication Critical patent/EP1246294B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q23/00—Antennas with active circuits or circuit elements integrated within them or attached to them
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/1271—Supports; Mounting means for mounting on windscreens
    • H01Q1/1278—Supports; Mounting means for mounting on windscreens in association with heating wires or layers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an active broadband vehicle receiving antenna, comprising a passive antenna part 1 with a frequency-dependent effective length I o , whose output terminals are connected to the input terminals of an amplifier circuit 21.
  • Electrically long antennas or antennas which are in direct coupling with electrically large bodies, have a frequency-dependent open-circuit voltage when excited with a frequency constant over the electric field strength, which is expressed by the effective length l c (f).
  • the antenna noise temperature T A in tetrestrical environment - coming from low frequencies - has fallen so far that for bipolar transistors on the part of the passive antenna part, a source impedance near the optimum for the transistor impedance Z opt for noise fit is required, so as not to suffer any significant sensitivity loss due to the transistor noise.
  • the basic form of an active antenna of this kind is in Fig.
  • Fig. 2b The basic form of an active antenna of this kind is in Fig. 2b shown and is known for example from the DE 23 10 616 , Active antennas according to this prior art, for example, to a large extent above the high frequency range with antenna arrangements in a motor vehicle window pane together with a heating panel for the window heating attached, such as in EP 0 396 033 .
  • the structures of the heating fields used as passive antenna part 1 are not originally intended for use as an antenna vehicle parts, which are only slightly changed due to their function for heating. If such an antenna element, an active antenna according to the prior art as in Fig.
  • the existing impedance on the heating field by means of a primary matching circuit in the vicinity of the impedance Z opt for noise adaptation to transform and to smooth the frequency response of the active antenna by means of an output-side matching network.
  • This approach requires the relatively complicated dimensioning of two filter circuits, which can not be done separately for each filter for an advantageous overall behavior of the active antenna due to the mutual dependence of each other.
  • the amplifier circuit is not intended to provide sufficient linearity characteristics as a simple amplifying element as in Fig. 2b can be designed, whereby the creative freedom of the two matching networks is considerably narrowed.
  • the design of two filters associated with increased effort is not intended to provide sufficient linearity characteristics as a simple amplifying element as in Fig. 2b can be designed, whereby the creative freedom of the two matching networks is considerably narrowed.
  • An active broadband vehicle receiving antenna having a passive antenna part whose output terminals is connected to the control electrode of an input side capacitive field effect transistor and in which the high frequency received signal for driving a subsequent receiver circuit is coupled with respect to the effect directly to the source terminal of the field effect transistor, is known from DE 43 03 072 for the reception of LMK signals.
  • the antenna part is electrically extremely short for the low-frequency LMK frequency range and thus capacitively high-impedance.
  • the transfer function of the active LMS antenna is achieved in that the subsequent effect of the field effect transistor circuit in terms of the effect in this frequency range is directly connected to the source terminal of the field effect transistor for the VHF frequency range is a passive effetswierpol is provided, which is placed for the purpose of adaptation before the first amplifying possibly also active element in the reception position and which is connected as a separate transmission path for VHF signals in parallel with the LMK transmission path in the antenna.
  • the field effect transistor is followed by a filter circuit which is ineffective in the LMK range but suppresses VHF signals.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to design an active broadband vehicle receiving antenna as defined in claim 1, such that at a given passive antenna part while ensuring a high noise sensitivity, a largely independent of the frequency dependence of the effective length and the impedance of the passive antenna part free selectable frequency dependence of the received power is achieved.
  • Fig. 1 an antenna according to the basic form of the invention is shown.
  • the example of the on a Window pane printed Schufeldes of a motor vehicle is apparent that the passive antenna part 1 can not be designed in a form that it has particular desired properties with respect to the use as an antenna in the meter and Dezimeterwellen Scheme and thus according to their geometric structure and the metallic border of the window has a random frequency dependence of both the effective length l e and its impedance.
  • the essence of the present invention is to realize an active antenna, which allows to absorb this randomness of the frequency dependence of the given passive antenna part 1 with the help of a little expensive and easy to investigate and easy to implement active antenna and with respect to intrinsic noise, linearity and Frequency response to make free and between the incident wave with the electric field strength E and the high-frequency received signal 8 to achieve a predetermined frequency response.
  • the receiving voltage present at a connection point 18 is supplied to the amplifier circuit 21, which has a field-effect transistor 2 which is fed back in its source line with the input admittance 7 of a low-loss filter circuit 3, which is terminated at its output with an effective resistance 5.
  • the thoroughlysadmittanz 7 is to be designed such that the strong frequency dependence, which has the receive idle voltage, expressed by the effective length l e of the thus designed passive antenna part 1 in the high-frequency received signal 8, is largely balanced.
  • Fig. 3a the noise contribution of an amplifier unit 11 is considered at the end of the high-frequency line 10 connected to the low-loss filter circuit 3 on the output side. With sufficient gain in the amplifier circuit 21, this contribution is kept correspondingly small. To protect the downstream amplifier unit 11 against non-linear effects, it is necessary to make this gain largely frequency-independent within the transmission frequency range. This is achieved by corresponding preferably lossless transformation of the effective effective resistance 5 at the output of the low-loss filter circuit 3 into a suitably frequency-dependent input admittance 7. If the frequency dependence required for the input admittance 7 due to the frequency dependence of the effective length e e (f) is known, then a circuit consisting of reactances for the low-loss filter circuit 3 can be found which largely corresponds to this requirement.
  • the criterion for the exemplary design of a necessary and frequency-independent reception power within the transmission frequency range for the terrestrial broadcasting reception of an active vehicle antenna with respect to the reception power in the downstream receiving arrangement on the basis of 3a explained.
  • the largely frequency-independent reception behavior is to be demanded on the one hand not significantly reduce the sensitivity of the overall system by the noise contribution of the active antenna downstream receiving system and on the other hand to avoid non-linear effects due to gain peaks as a result of frequency-dependent reception behavior within a transmission frequency range.
  • G (f) denotes the frequency-dependent real part of the input admittance 7 of the low-loss filter circuit 3. This noise contribution is then insignificant with respect to the inevitable received sound of the rushing with T A R A, if: G f ⁇ F V - 1 ⁇ T 0 4 ⁇ T A ⁇ 1 R A f
  • the frequency dependency of the real part G (f) of the input admittance 7 of the low-loss filter circuit 3 is reciprocal to the frequency response of the real part R A (f) of the complex antenna impedance.
  • G (f) ⁇ 1 / (3 * R A (f)) would have to be chosen approximately.
  • the great advantage associated with the invention is that the frequency response given for G (f) from R A (f) can therefore be easily fulfilled because neither the input impedance of the low-impedance filter circuit 3, which is given by 1 / g m of the field-effect transistor 2 is still the effective effective resistance 5 at the output of the low-loss filter circuit 3 unavoidable essential reactive components have, where g m is the slope of the input characteristic of the field effect transistor 2.
  • g m is the slope of the input characteristic of the field effect transistor 2.
  • the exemplary configuration of the frequency characteristic of G (f) of an active vehicle antenna according to the invention is described, if there is a requirement that the received power P a at the input of the receiving system connected downstream of the active antenna is greater by a factor V than with a passive reference antenna , For example, a passive rod antenna on the vehicle at their resonance length. Due to the forcibly different directional diagrams, this factor is based on the azimuthal average values at a defined constant elevation angle ⁇ of the wave incidence.
  • the active antenna downstream receiving system which in 3a is represented by the amplifier unit 11, is usually based on the line impedance Z L of the high-frequency line system.
  • ⁇ is the case of a lossy passive antenna part 1 to the Efficiency in equation (8) of the directivity factor D ⁇ to replace at (f) by the D (f) *.
  • the remaining sizing rules are not changed.
  • Fig. 9a and 9b antenna configurations of possible passive antenna parts 1 of active antennas according to the invention are given.
  • connection points 18 are in the complex impedance level in Fig.9c illustrated impedance curves Z A (f) as a function of the frequency before.
  • the diagram convincingly shows the advantage of an active antenna according to the invention over an active antenna according to FIG Fig.
  • FIGS. 9a and b represent passive antenna parts 1 on the frequency of 76 to 108 MHz applied.
  • the frequency response of the real part of Therefore, according to the invention to be designed input admittance 7 at the input of the low-loss filter circuit 3 is in each case inverted to the in Fig. 9d to form curves according to aspects discussed in connection with equations (3) and (8).
  • Equation (6) can be assigned to a maximum tolerable azimuthal mean l em with a known azimuthal directivity factor D am (f) a maximum tolerable active component R Amax .
  • the value range with R A > R Amax that is not allowed for sizing is in the FIGS. 9c and 9d also marked hatched.
  • the radiation resistances R A of the impedance values of particularly favorable structures for use as a passive antenna part 1 are therefore outside the hatched value range with R Amin ⁇ R A ⁇ R Amax .
  • the linearity requirement is met by a sufficiently large negative feedback through the input admittance 7 located in the source line.
  • This requires a comparatively low negative feedback in the transmission range, which is dimensioned in accordance with the amplification requirement, for example, according to equation (8), but which is as large as possible outside the transmission range.
  • for the realization of such low-loss filter circuits 3 preferably T-half filter or T-filter or
  • Fig. 3b indicated to make the amplifier unit 11 as the active output stage of the amplifier circuit 21.
  • This can be provided with an output resistance equal to the characteristic impedance Z L of conventional coaxial cables.
  • the effective effective resistance 5 is formed by the input impedance of the amplifier unit 11.
  • G (f) is to be designed analogously to the above-mentioned embodiments with the aid of a low-loss filter circuit 3 completed with this impedance.
  • an extended field effect transistor 2 by means of an input field effect transistor 13 and one of its source driven bipolar transistor 14 in Emitter follower circuit are designed.
  • FIG Fig. 5 shown to accommodate the amplifier circuit 21 invisible in the very narrow edge region of the vehicle window. Therefore, it is desirable to miniaturize the part to be attached to the connection point 18 and to attach only the parts of the amplifier circuit 21 which are functionally necessary there.
  • the other parts of the low-loss filter circuit 3 are placed remotely and turned on via the high-frequency line 10.
  • the active antenna is stirred as a multi-region antenna for several frequency ranges.
  • Fig. 6a for the frequency ranges FM radio broadcasting and VHF and UHF television broadcasting the fundamental frequency characteristics of reactances X 1 , X 3 and the susceptibility B 2 of a T-filter arrangement of the in Fig. 6b specified low-loss filter circuit 3 exemplified.
  • the T-filter configuration in this case ensures the input-side high-impedance of the low-loss filter circuit 3 to achieve a sufficiently large negative feedback of the field effect transistor 2 in the stopband areas.
  • a plurality of bipolar transistors 14 are used to expand the field effect transistor 2, whose base electrodes are connected to the source of the input field effect transistor 13 and which respectively in emitter follower circuit with the input of a separate low-loss filter circuit 3 to form separate transmission paths connected to the respective frequency bands.
  • the efficiency of antenna diversity systems is determined by the number of available, mutually independent antenna signals. This independence is expressed in the correlation factor between those occurring in a Rayleigh wave field while driving Reception voltages on.
  • several active receiving antennas according to the invention are used in an antenna diversity system for vehicles, wherein the passive antenna parts 1 are selected such that their present in a Rayleigh reception field at idle at the connection points 18 received signals E * l e diversity as independent as possible are.
  • Such systems, in which the connection points 18 are selected from this point of view and taking into account technical aspects of the vehicle are exemplary in the FIGS. 8a and 8b shown. Due to the electromagnetic radiation couplings existing between the connection points 18, this independence then applies only to the connection points 18 operated at idling.
  • connection points 18 By wiring the connection points 18 with the amplifier circuits 21, the high-frequency received signals 8 are picked up without feedback effect at the antenna outputs due to their negligible capacitive input conductance.
  • the diversity of the independence of the received signals at the connection points 18 is thus not affected by this measure in an advantageous manner and this independence is therefore in the same way for the received signals 8 at the antenna outputs.
  • mutually independent receive signals 8 are available at the antenna outputs for selection in a scanning diversity system or for further processing in one of the other known diversity methods.

Landscapes

  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Input Circuits Of Receivers And Coupling Of Receivers And Audio Equipment (AREA)
  • Details Of Aerials (AREA)
EP02004597.7A 2001-03-26 2002-02-28 Aktive Breitband-Fahrzeugempfangsantenne Expired - Lifetime EP1246294B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10114769 2001-03-26
DE10114769.4A DE10114769B4 (de) 2001-03-26 2001-03-26 Aktive Breitbandempfangsantenne

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1246294A2 EP1246294A2 (de) 2002-10-02
EP1246294A3 EP1246294A3 (de) 2003-11-05
EP1246294B1 true EP1246294B1 (de) 2013-05-22

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EP02004597.7A Expired - Lifetime EP1246294B1 (de) 2001-03-26 2002-02-28 Aktive Breitband-Fahrzeugempfangsantenne

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US (1) US6603435B2 (ja)
EP (1) EP1246294B1 (ja)
JP (2) JP2002359570A (ja)
DE (1) DE10114769B4 (ja)

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DE10211341A1 (de) * 2002-03-14 2003-10-02 Kathrein Werke Kg Diversity-Antennensystem für bewegte Fahrzeuge
DE10245813A1 (de) * 2002-10-01 2004-04-15 Lindenmeier, Heinz, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Aktive Breitbandempfangsantenne mit Empfangspegelregelung
DE10331213B4 (de) * 2003-07-10 2016-02-25 Blaupunkt Antenna Systems Gmbh & Co. Kg Scheibenantenne für den LMK- und diversitären FM-Empfang mobiler Kraftfahrzeuge
FR2866155B1 (fr) * 2004-02-06 2006-05-05 Composants Electr Soc D Antenne serigraphiee pour lunette arriere de vehicule automobile de type berline.
KR100621135B1 (ko) 2004-04-08 2006-09-13 삼성전자주식회사 지상파 방송을 위한 안테나 시스템
KR100657999B1 (ko) * 2004-11-05 2006-12-14 (주)에이스안테나 방송 주파수 수신용 안테나 모듈
DE102006039357B4 (de) * 2005-09-12 2018-06-28 Heinz Lindenmeier Antennendiversityanlage zum Funkempfang für Fahrzeuge
TWI352448B (en) * 2007-01-05 2011-11-11 Fitipower Integrated Tech Inc Antenna assembly and digital television receiver u
DE102007017478A1 (de) * 2007-04-13 2008-10-16 Lindenmeier, Heinz, Prof. Dr. Ing. Empfangsanlage mit einer Schaltungsanordnung zur Unterdrückung von Umschaltstörungen bei Antennendiversity
EP2037593A3 (de) * 2007-07-10 2016-10-12 Delphi Delco Electronics Europe GmbH Antennendiversityanlage für den relativ breitbandigen Funkempfang in Fahrzeugen
DE102007039914A1 (de) * 2007-08-01 2009-02-05 Lindenmeier, Heinz, Prof. Dr. Ing. Antennendiversityanlage mit zwei Antennen für den Funkempfang in Fahrzeugen
DE102008003532A1 (de) * 2007-09-06 2009-03-12 Lindenmeier, Heinz, Prof. Dr. Ing. Antenne für den Satellitenempfang
PT2209221T (pt) * 2009-01-19 2018-12-27 Fuba Automotive Electronics Gmbh Sistema de recepção para a soma de sinais de antena em fase
DE102009011542A1 (de) * 2009-03-03 2010-09-09 Heinz Prof. Dr.-Ing. Lindenmeier Antenne für den Empfang zirkular in einer Drehrichtung der Polarisation ausgestrahlter Satellitenfunksignale
DE102009023514A1 (de) * 2009-05-30 2010-12-02 Heinz Prof. Dr.-Ing. Lindenmeier Antenne für zirkulare Polarisation mit einer leitenden Grundfläche
JP5682360B2 (ja) * 2011-02-17 2015-03-11 パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社 車両用アンテナ装置
JP5682384B2 (ja) * 2011-03-10 2015-03-11 パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社 車両用アンテナ装置
DE102012003460A1 (de) 2011-03-15 2012-09-20 Heinz Lindenmeier Multiband-Empfangsantenne für den kombinierten Empfang von Satellitensignalen und terrestrisch ausgestrahlten Rundfunksignalen
DE102011083665A1 (de) 2011-09-29 2013-04-04 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Fensterscheibe mit einer gedruckten Struktur für ein Kraftfahrzeug
DE102015001002B4 (de) * 2015-01-27 2018-12-27 Kathrein Se Nahfeldmessung von aktiven Antennensystemen
DE102016009712A1 (de) * 2016-08-10 2018-02-15 Heinz Lindenmeier Aktive Antennenanordnung für den Rundfunkempfang im Ausschnitt einer elektrisch leitenden Fahrzeugkarosserie
DE102017213374B3 (de) 2017-08-02 2018-10-11 Audi Ag Antennenanordnung für ein Fahrzeug
JP2023023135A (ja) * 2021-08-04 2023-02-16 Ａｇｃ株式会社 車両用窓ガラス

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1246294A2 (de) 2002-10-02
US20020171600A1 (en) 2002-11-21
US6603435B2 (en) 2003-08-05
EP1246294A3 (de) 2003-11-05
JP3124385U (ja) 2006-08-17
DE10114769A1 (de) 2002-10-02
DE10114769B4 (de) 2015-07-09
JP2002359570A (ja) 2002-12-13

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